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Small extracellular vesicles facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps via the miR-375-3p/QKI axis. Rhinology 2024; 0:3172. [PMID: 38557580 DOI: 10.4193/rhin23.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the involvement of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in EMT and their contributions to CRSwNP has not been extensively investigated. METHODS SEVs were isolated from nasal mucosa through ultracentrifugation. MicroRNA sequencing and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to analyze the differential expression of microRNAs carried by sEVs. Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were used to assess the EMT-inducing effect of sEVs/microRNAs. EMT-associated markers were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the target gene of miR-375-3p. MicroRNA mimic, lentiviral, and plasmid transduction were used for functional experiments. RESULTS In line with the greater EMT status in eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP), sEVs derived from ENP (ENP-sEVs) could induce EMT in hNECs. MiR-375-3p was elevated in ENP-sEVs compared to that in control and nonENP. MiR-375- 3p carried by ENP-sEVs facilitated EMT by directly targeting KH domain containing RNA binding (QKI) at seed sequences of 913-919, 1025-1033, and 2438-2444 in 3'-untranslated region. Inhibition of QKI by miR-375-3p overexpression promoted EMT, which could be reversed by restoration of QKI. Furthermore, the abundance of miR-375-3p in sEVs was closely correlated with the clinical symptom score and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS MiR-375-3p-enriched sEVs facilitated EMT by suppressing QKI in hNECs. The association of miR-375-3p with disease severity underscores its potential as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for the innovative management of CRSwNP.
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First-line Palliative Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: a Population-based Analysis of Delivery and Outcomes in a Single-payer Health System. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:211-220. [PMID: 38199907 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Clinical practice guidelines recommend palliative chemotherapy for most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, outcomes observed in the real world compared with patients enrolled in clinical trials have not been sufficiently described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the delivery and outcomes of first-line palliative chemotherapy administered to patients with colorectal cancer in routine clinical practice compared with clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using linked health administrative data, we carried out a retrospective population-level cohort study on patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in Ontario, Canada from 2010 to 2019. Patient, disease and treatment characteristics were summarised. The primary outcome was median overall survival, stratified by treatment prescribed and age. Demographics and outcomes in this real-world population were compared with those from pivotal clinical trials. A multivariable Cox regression model reporting hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals was used to determine factors associated with survival in patients receiving systemic treatment. RESULTS We identified 70 987 patients with a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer, of which 4613 received first-line chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease and formed the study cohort. Fifty-eight per cent were male and the mean age was 63 years. Most had colon cancer (69%), at least one comorbidity (73%) and lived in an urban location (79%). Less than half (47%) had surgery after diagnosis. The most common regimen prescribed was folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with bevacizumab or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi; n = 2784, 60%). Among all treated patients, the median overall survival was 17.1 months, with survival difference by regimen [median overall survival 18.3 for FOLFIRI with bevacizumab or EGFRi, 19.6 for folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)/capecitabine, oxaliplatin (XELOX) with bevacizumab or EGFRi, 13.6 for FOLFIRI alone and 7.8 for 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine]. Patients aged >80 years were most likely to have received single-agent 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, and had inferior overall survival compared with their younger counterparts. Compared with pivotal clinical trials, patients in the real world had inferior overall survival outcomes despite similar demographic characteristics (including age and sex). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world population-based analysis of patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, survival outcomes were inferior to those reported in randomised trials despite similarities in age and sex. This information can be used when counselling patients in routine practice about expected outcomes.
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SISS-MCO: large scale sparsity-induced spot selection for fast and fully-automated robust multi-criteria optimisation of proton plans. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055035. [PMID: 38224619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad1e7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is an emerging treatment modality for cancer. However, treatment planning for IMPT is labour-intensive and time-consuming. We have developed a novel approach for multi-criteria optimisation (MCO) of robust IMPT plans (SISS-MCO) that is fully automated and fast, and we compare it for head and neck, cervix, and prostate tumours to a previously published method for automated robust MCO (IPBR-MCO, van de Water 2013).Approach.In both auto-planning approaches, the applied automated MCO of spot weights was performed with wish-list driven prioritised optimisation (Breedveld 2012). In SISS-MCO, spot weight MCO was applied once for every patient after sparsity-induced spot selection (SISS) for pre-selection of the most relevant spots from a large input set of candidate spots. IPBR-MCO had several iterations of spot re-sampling, each followed by MCO of the weights of the current spots.Main results.Compared to the published IPBR-MCO, the novel SISS-MCO resulted in similar or slightly superior plan quality. Optimisation times were reduced by a factor of 6 i.e. from 287 to 47 min. Numbers of spots and energy layers in the final plans were similar.Significance.The novel SISS-MCO automatically generated high-quality robust IMPT plans. Compared to a published algorithm for automated robust IMPT planning, optimisation times were reduced on average by a factor of 6. Moreover, SISS-MCO is a large scale approach; this enables optimisation of more complex wish-lists, and novel research opportunities in proton therapy.
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MARCH5-mediated downregulation of ACC2 promotes fatty acid oxidation and tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:464-476. [PMID: 38211832 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases (ACCs) are key rate-limiting enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism regulation by catalyzing the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Previously, most studies focused on the role of ACC1 in fatty acid metabolism in cancer, while the function of ACC2 remains largely uncharacterized in human cancers, especially in ovarian cancer (OC). Here, we show that ACC2 was significantly downregulated in cancerous tissue of OC, and the downregulation of ACC2 is closely associated with lager tumor size, metastases and worse prognosis in OC patients. Downregulation of ACC2 promoted proliferation and metastasis of OC both in vitro and in vivo by enhancing FAO. Notably, mitochondria-associated ubiquitin ligase (MARCH5) was identified to interact with and downregulate ACC2 by ubiquitination and degradation in OC. Moreover, ACC2 downregulation-enhanced FAO contributed to the progression of OC promoted by MARCH5. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that MARCH5-mediated downregulation of ACC2 promotes FAO and tumorigenesis in OC, suggesting MARCH5-ACC2 axis as a potent candidate for the treatment and prevention of OC.
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FlhF affects the subcellular clustering of WspR through HsbR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0154823. [PMID: 38112425 PMCID: PMC10807432 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01548-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is synthesized and degraded by multiple diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases. A high level of c-di-GMP induces biofilm formation and represses motility. WspR, a hybrid response regulator DGC, produces c-di-GMP when it is phosphorylated. FlhF, a signal recognition particle-type GTPase, is initially localized to the cell poles and is indispensable for polar flagellar localization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we report that deletion of flhF affected biofilm formation and the c-di-GMP level in P. aeruginosa. Phenotypic analysis of a flhF knockout mutant revealed increased biofilm formation, wrinkled colonies on Congo red agar, and an elevated c-di-GMP level compared to the wild-type strain, PAO1. Yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems showed that FlhF binds to the response regulator HsbR, and HsbR binds to WspR. Deletion of hsbR or wspR in the ΔflhF background abolished the phenotype of ΔflhF. In addition, confocal microscopy demonstrated that WspR-GFP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and formed a visible cluster at one cell pole in PAO1 and ΔhsbR, but it was mainly distributed as visible clusters at the lateral side of the periplasm and with visible clusters at both cell poles in ΔflhF. These findings suggest that FlhF influences the subcellular cluster and localization of WspR and negatively modulates WspR DGC activity in a manner dependent on HsbR. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for FlhF modulating the lifestyle transition between motility and biofilm via HsbR to regulate the DGC activity of WspR.IMPORTANCECyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that controls flagellum biosynthesis, adhesion, virulence, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and biofilm formation in bacteria. Recent research has shown that distinct diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) or phosphodiesterases (PDEs) produce highly specific outputs. Some DGCs and PDEs contribute to the total global c-di-GMP concentration, but others only affect local c-di-GMP in a microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that FlhF affects the localization and DGC activity of WspR via HsbR and is implicated in local c-di-GMP signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study establishes the link between the c-di-GMP signaling system and the flagellar localization and provides insight for understanding the complex regulatory network of c-di-GMP signaling.
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DNA mismatch repair system regulates the expression of PD-L1 through DNMTs in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38200495 PMCID: PMC10782574 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is a potential clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. We aimed to study the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system regulating the expression of PD-L1 in CC through DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs). METHODS We collected pathological specimens from 118 cases of CC to analyze the relationship between PD-L1 expression and DNMTs in different MMR states. RNA interference (RNAi) technique was used to simulate the formation of CC cell line with MMR deficiency (dMMR) state, and subcutaneous tumor formation experiment was carried out in nude mice to verify the relationship between PD-L1 expression and DNMTs in MMR state. RESULTS The PD-L1 positive rate in 118 cases of CC was 58.47%, while the microsatellite instability (MSI) status accounted for 5.93%. There was a significant difference in the expression of PD-L1 between patients within the dMMR and MMR proficient (pMMR) groups (χ2 = 21.405, P < 0.001). Subcutaneous inoculation after infection of Siha cells led to successful tumorigenesis in nude mice, accompanied by a significant increase in the level of PD-L1 expression in the mouse tumors, while the expression level of MLH1 and MSH2 protein decreased significantly. We also found that PD-L1 expression was closely related to the expression of DNMTs. CONCLUSION PD-L1 is universal expressed on the surface of CC cells, dMMR status enhances the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of CC cells, dMMR states of CC are related to the demethylation status of the PD-L1 gene promoter region.
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Factors influencing the detection rate of fumarate peak in 1H MR spectroscopy of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma at 3 T MRI. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e80-e88. [PMID: 37923625 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify factors that may be associated with fumarate detection rate in 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC). MATERIALS AND MEHODS Between February 2018 and March 2022, 16 FH-RCC patients with 30 lesions underwent 1H-MRS. Detection results were classified as having a detected fumarate peak (n=12), undetected peak (n=10), or technical failure (n=8). Factors including tumour size, tumour location, treatment history, and metastasis status were collected and analysed. A Bayesian logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the association between these factors and the detection result. RESULTS Bayesian analysis demonstrated significant associations between fumarate detection results and the following factors: long-axis diameter (odds ratio [OR] of 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.07-2.53), short-axis diameter (OR of 1.90; 95% CI of 1.19-3.06), voxel size (OR of 2.85; 95% CI of 1.70-4.75), treatment history (OR of 0.35; 95% CI of 0.21-0.58), non-metastatic state (OR of 2.45; 95% CI of 1.48-4.06), and lymph node metastasis (OR of 0.35; 95% CI of 0.21-0.58). Technical failure results were associated with factors such as treatment history (OR of 2.59; 95% CI of 1.37-4.66), non-metastatic state (OR of 0.36; 95% CI of 0.19-0.66), and lymph node metastasis (OR of 2.61; 95% CI of 1.39-4.74). CONCLUSION Tumour size, treatment history, and metastasis character were associated with the detection of abnormal fumarate accumulation. This finding will serve as a reference for interpreting 1H-MRS results and for selecting suitable scenarios to evaluate FH-RCC.
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Transcription factor CncC regulates the expression of antennal CYP6MU1 gene responsible for trans-2-hexen-1-al and nonanal recognition in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105620. [PMID: 37945256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are a superfamily of multifunctional heme-containing proteins and could function as odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) in insect olfactory systems. In our previous study, we identified a P450 gene from the antennal transcriptome of Locusta migratoria, LmCYP6MU1, which could be induced by a variety of volatiles. However, the regulatory mechanisms of this gene in response to volatiles remain unknown. In current study, we investigated the tissues and development stages expression patterns of LmCYP6MU1 and determined its olfactory function in the recognition of the main host plant volatiles which induced LmCYP6MU1 expression. The results showed that LmCYP6MU1 was antenna-rich and highly expressed throughout the antennal developmental stages of locusts. LmCYP6MU1 played important roles in the recognition of trans-2-hexen-1-al and nonanal. Insect CncC regulates the expression of P450 genes. We tested whether LmCncC regulates LmCYP6MU1 expression. It was found that LmCncC knockdown in the antennae resulted in the downregulation of LmCYP6MU1 and repressed the volatiles-mediated induction of LmCYP6MU1. LmCncC knockdown reduced the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of locusts to volatiles. These results suggested that LmCncC could regulate the basal and volatiles-mediated inducible expression of LmCYP6MU1 responsible for the recognition of trans-2-hexen-1-al and nonanal. These findings provide an original basis for understanding the regulation mechanisms of LmCncC on LmCYP6MU1 expression and help us better understand the LmCncC-mediated olfactory plasticity.
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Cancer stem cells: advances in the glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6. [PMID: 37882986 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a class of cells with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, which are present in most tumors, particularly in aggressive tumors, and perform a pivotal role in recurrence and metastasis and are expected to be one of the important targets for tumor therapy. Studies of tumor metabolism in recent years have found that the metabolic characteristics of CSCs are distinct from those of differentiated tumor cells, which are unique to CSCs and contribute to the maintenance of the stemness characteristics of CSCs. Moreover, these altered metabolic profiles can drive the transformation between CSCs and non-CSCs, implying that these metabolic alterations are important markers for CSCs to play their biological roles. The identification of metabolic changes in CSCs and their metabolic plasticity mechanisms may provide some new opportunities for tumor therapy. In this paper, we review the metabolism-related mechanisms of CSCs in order to provide a theoretical basis for their potential application in tumor therapy.
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DWI-Based Radiomics Predicts the Functional Outcome of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:536-542. [PMID: 37080720 PMCID: PMC10171394 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular treatment is a reference treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO). However, no established and specific methods are available for the preoperative screening of patients with ABAO suitable for endovascular treatment. This study explores the potential value of DWI-based radiomics in predicting the functional outcomes of endovascular treatment in ABAO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ABAO treated with endovascular treatment from the BASILAR registry (91 patients in the training cohort) and the hospitals in the Northwest of China (31 patients for the external testing cohort) were included in this study. The Mann-Whitney U test, random forests algorithm, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to reduce the feature dimension. A machine learning model was developed on the basis of the training cohort to predict the prognosis of endovascular treatment. The performance of the model was evaluated on the independent external testing cohort. RESULTS A subset of radiomics features (n = 6) was used to predict the functional outcomes in patients with ABAO. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the radiomics model were 0.870 and 0.781 in the training cohort and testing cohort, respectively. The accuracy of the radiomics model was 77.4%, with a sensitivity of 78.9%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 69.2% in the testing cohort. CONCLUSIONS DWI-based radiomics can predict the prognosis of endovascular treatment in patients with ABAO, hence allowing a potentially better selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from this treatment.
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37P Pralsetinib in acquired RET fusion-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKI: A China multi-center, real-world data (RWD) analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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SnRK2.4-mediated phosphorylation of ABF2 regulates ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE expression and putrescine accumulation under drought stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:216-236. [PMID: 36210523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC)-mediated putrescine (Put) biosynthesis plays an important role in plant abiotic stress response. SNF1-related protein kinases 2s (SnRK2s) and abscisic acid (ABA)-response element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs), are core components of the ABA signaling pathway involved in drought stress response. We previously reported that ADC of Poncirus trifoliata (PtrADC) functions in drought tolerance. However, whether and how SnRK2 and ABF regulate PtrADC to modulate putrescine accumulation under drought stress remains largely unclear. Herein, we employed a set of physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to reveal that a protein complex composed of PtrSnRK2.4 and PtrABF2 modulates putrescine biosynthesis and drought tolerance by directly regulating PtrADC. PtrABF2 was upregulated by dehydration in an ABA-dependent manner. PtrABF2 activated PtrADC expression by directly and specifically binding to the ABRE core sequence within its promoter and positively regulated drought tolerance via modulating putrescine accumulation. PtrSnRK2.4 interacts with and phosphorylates PtrABF2 at Ser93. PtrSnRK2.4-mediated PtrABF2 phosphorylation is essential for the transcriptional regulation of PtrADC. Besides, PtrSnRK2.4 was shown to play a positive role in drought tolerance by facilitating putrescine synthesis. Taken together, this study sheds new light on the regulatory module SnRK2.4-ABF2-ADC responsible for fine-tuning putrescine accumulation under drought stress, which advances our understanding on transcriptional regulation of putrescine synthesis.
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Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Effects of epicardial adipose tissue volume and thickness assessed by computed tomography and echocardiography on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a potential imaging biomarker for the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the prognostic utility of EAT due to inter-ethnic differences and imaging modality (computed tomography (CT) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)) remains undetermined.
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of EAT volume and thickness on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. We also aim to compare the prognostic utility between CT volumetric and TTE thickness quantification; and provide consolidated data on the heterogeneity in EAT measurements across different ethnic groups.
Methods
Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception till 16 May 2022 for studies that measured EAT volume or thickness of adult patients at baseline and reported follow-up data on outcomes of interest. Outcomes included MACE, all-cause mortality, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularisation, atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke. Statistical analyses were conducted on Review Manager 5.4.1 to obtain unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with the results presented on forest plots.
Results
Twenty-nine studies comprising 19709 patients were included in our analysis. Increased EAT thickness and volume were associated with higher risks of MACE (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.46, 95%CI 1.25–1.71, p<0.001), cardiac death (OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.17–5.44, p=0.020), MI (OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.39–4.96, p=0.003), coronary revascularisation (OR 2.99, 95%CI 1.64–5.44, p<0.001), AF (aOR 4.04, 95%CI 3.06–5.32, p<0.001), and stroke (HR 1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.03, p<0.001). CT-volumetric quantification of EAT conferred a larger MACE risk (aHR 1.79, 95%CI 1.47–2.17, p<0.001) compared to TTE thickness quantification (aHR 1.20, 95%CI 1.09–1.32, p<0.001). Studies originating from North America (HR 1.91, 95%CI 1.26–2.89, p=0.002) and Asia (HR 1.60, 95%CI 1.09–2.36, p=0.020) demonstrated a significantly higher risk of MACE with increased EAT thickness and volume. However, this significance was not seen in European studies (HR 1.48, 95%CI 0.99–2.20, p=0.060). Subgroup differences were also noted across the studies’ countries of origin when analysing the association of EAT and MI (p=0.020). European studies reported a higher magnitude of MI risk associated with higher EAT thickness and volume (OR 5.28, 95%CI 2.34–11.95, p<0.001) as compared to Asian studies (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.05–2.92, p=0.030). No differences were noted across other outcomes in the subgroup comparisons by geographical region and between CT and TTE quantification of EAT.
Conclusion
The utility of EAT as an imaging biomarker for predicting and prognosticating CVD is promising. Future efforts to harmonise the EAT parameter thresholds, based on the type of imaging modality and the target population’s ethnic characteristics, will be the next important step before including EAT in CVD prediction models.
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Cohort profile: the ESC EURObservational Research Programme Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI) Registry. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2022; 9:8-15. [PMID: 36259751 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutively hospitalised adult NSTEMI patients (n = 3620) were enrolled between 11 March 2019 and 6 March 2021, and individual patient data prospectively collected at 287 centres in 59 participating countries during a two-week enrolment period per centre. The registry collected data relating to baseline characteristics, major outcomes (in-hospital death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and 30-day mortality) and guideline-recommended NSTEMI care interventions: electrocardiogram pre- or in-hospital, pre-hospitalization receipt of aspirin, echocardiography, coronary angiography, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, and prescription on discharge of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, and statin. CONCLUSION The EORP NSTEMI Registry is an international, prospective registry of care and outcomes of patients treated for NSTEMI, which will provide unique insights into the contemporary management of hospitalised NSTEMI patients, compliance with ESC 2015 NSTEMI Guidelines, and identify potential barriers to optimal management of this common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
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Dual GGDEF/EAL-Domain Protein RmcA Controls the Type III Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Interaction with CbrB. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2441-2450. [PMID: 36379019 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a major bacterial secondary signaling molecule that controls a multitude of cellular processes. More than 40 genes encoding diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases have been identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and many of them have been intensively investigated. However, the mechanism through which they achieve signaling specificity remains unclear. Here, we revealed that the absence of the dual GGDEF/EAL-domain protein RmcA significantly affected biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and led to upregulated expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) genes; overexpression of RmcA strongly reduced the expression of T3SS. Further investigation showed that the regulatory function of RmcA was independent of the Gac/Rsm pathway. To identify the interaction partners of RmcA involved in this process, bacterial two-hybrid library screening was performed. We found that RmcA directly interacts with a two-component response regulator CbrB, which is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation and T3SS expression by RmcA. These findings reveal that the dual-domain GGDEF/EAL protein RmcA could achieve specificity of action through physical interaction with CbrB, which extends understanding the complex regulatory network of the c-di-GMP signaling.
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Stratifying Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis With the Non-invasive Ultrasound Markers Shear Wave Dispersion Slope and Shear Wave Velocity: An Animal Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:2442-2448. [PMID: 36096895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the significance of the ultrasound (US) markers shear wave dispersion slope (SWDS) and shear wave velocity (SWV) for identification of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and high-risk NASH; the latter was defined as the presence of steatohepatitis, a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) ≥4 or a fibrosis stage ≥2. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to two groups: the study (n = 30) and control (n = 6) groups. To initiate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, study group rats were fed a diet deficient in methionine and choline. All rats were examined using ultrasonography to obtain the SWDS and SWV parameters of the liver at the same time points. Fatty liver pathological grades were determined after euthanasia; the livers were categorized in the normal (n = 6), NAFL (non-alcoholic fatty liver) (n = 10) and NASH (n = 20) subgroups based on the NAS scoring system. They were also categorized into subgroups F0 (n = 22), F1 (n = 3), F2 (n = 7) and F3 (n = 4) on the basis of the METAVIR (Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis) scoring system. Measurement differences between various grades were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Mann-Whitney U-test. We used logistic regression to calculate a combination of the two parameters for combined assessment of parameters. The diagnostic value of SWDS, SWV and the two-variable model was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. This analysis revealed stepwise increases in SWDS and SWV with increasing NAFLD severity. The accuracy of SWDS in diagnosing NASH was good (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.88) and was superior to that of SWV (AUC: 0.76). The combination of SWV and SWDS exhibited higher performance (AUC: 0.90). SWV was higher than SWDS in participants with a fibrosis grade ≥2 (high-risk NASH). For identification of high-risk NASH, SWV exhibited the best diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.89), which was equivalent to that of the two-variable model (AUC: 0.88) and slightly higher than that of SWDS (AUC: 0.85). This study indicates that of the US-based markers, SWDS outperforms SWV in identifying NASH in rats and that combining the two markers may increase their clinical utility in guiding NAFLD and NASH treatment.
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CYP6FD5, an antenna-specific P450 gene, is potentially involved in the host plant recognition in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105255. [PMID: 36464360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are a large superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins and play a vital role in the biosynthesis and inactivation of endogenous substances as well as the detoxification of exogenous substances. They also function as odor-degrading enzymes (ODEs) in insect olfactory sensory systems. In the present study, a P450 gene was obtained from the antennae of Locusta migratoria and named as CYP6FD5. Multiple alignment of P450 proteins revealed that LmCYP6FD5 contained five conserved motifs, including the helix C motif, an oxygen-binding site, helix K motif, a meander region, and the haem-binding motif. The expression of LmCYP6FD5 in various tissues and antennal development stages was determined by using RT-qPCR. Our results showed that LmCYP6FD5 was antenna-specific and highly expressed throughout the antennal developmental stages of female and male locusts. Furthermore, the role of LmCYP6FD5 in the perception of host plant volatiles was assessed using RNAi in combination with electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses. Our findings showed that after silencing LmCYP6FD5, the EAG responses of female and male locusts to the main volatiles of gramineous plants, including trans-2-Hexen-1-al, cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, and decanal, were significantly diminished. Moreover, a significant decrease in EAG response of male antennae to benzaldehyde was also observed. In addition, behavioral assay showed that the locust response to single volatile from host plant or wheat remained unchanged after the silencing of LmCYP6FD5. Antenna-specific expression and EAG responses of locusts to host plant volatiles still suggested that LmCYP6FD5 was potentially involved in host plant recognition, although no behavioral changes were observed.
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Development and Fecundity of Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Reared on Various Concentrations of Amygdalin. INSECTS 2022; 13:974. [PMID: 36354798 PMCID: PMC9694010 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Oriental fruit moth (OFM), attacks fruits and shoots of the economically important trees in Rosaceae. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside of rosaceous plants that may be related to the seasonal patterns of infestation in many pests. The amygdalin concentration of fruits and shoots of peach, pear, and apple varies over the growing season. However, the relationship between the amygdalin concentration and G. molesta performance has not been reported. Here, we measured the performance (feeding, growth, development, and fecundity) of G. molesta larvae (as subsequent adults) reared on artificial diets with six amygdalin concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 mg/g), and we then calculated the population parameters. We found that these different concentrations of amygdalin affected the developmental time and fecundity, except for the proportion of larvae feeding on the diet and the survival rates of larvae and pupae. When compared with the control diet without amygdalin, diets with 3 or 6 mg/g (low and moderate concentrations) of amygdalin shortened developmental times and increased the number of eggs laid by females; however, a diet with 12 mg/g (moderate concentration) of amygdalin only increased the number of eggs laid by females and did not affect the larval and pupal developmental rate. A diet with 48 mg/g (high concentration) of amygdalin prolonged developmental times and reduced the number of eggs laid by females when compared with the control diet without amygdalin. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) for insects reared on diets with 3 or 6 mg/g (low and moderate concentrations) of amygdalin versus the control diet without amygdalin showed a slightly improved population growth. However, this increase in the rm value did not persist over ten successive generations of rearing on the same diet. We concluded that the diet with 6 mg of amygdalin per g of diet can enhance the performance and population growth of G. molesta, but the effects of amygdalin are concentration-dependent.
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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases risk of adverse events after acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) was recently introduced as an alternative definition for fatty liver, that has been linked to an increased risk of systemic end-organ damage. However, current studies have not examined the impact of MAFLD on patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Here, we present a retrospective analysis on the short and long-term outcomes of ACS patients with MAFLD.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was examined with hepatic steatosis index and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. The primary and secondary outcomes of the analysis were long term all-cause mortality, and in-hospital all-cause mortality, stroke, heart failure and cardiogenic shock respectively. Adjusted analysis was conducted for primary and secondary outcomes with covariates including age, sex, race, type of ACS and previous myocardial infarction.
Results
A total of 5770 patients were included in the analysis, and 21% of ACS patients had concomitant MAFLD. MAFLD resulted in a 23% increase in long-term all-cause mortality compared to non-MAFLD (HR: 1.230, CI: 1.065 to 1.420, p=0.005). MAFLD increased the risk of in-hospital mortality, stroke, heart failure and cardiogenic shock compared to non-MAFLD. A sensitivity analysis conducted based on MAFLD with advance fibrosis, chronic kidney disease and diabetes also demonstrated significantly increased effect size magnitude of all-cause mortality, compared to non-MAFLD.
Conclusion
MAFLD represents an encapsulation of metabolism dysregulation and has been associated with increased risk of systematic disease. The present study shows that MAFLD is associated with significantly increased adverse prognostic outcomes after ACS compared to non-MAFLD. An increase in awareness of MAFLD is required beyond the field of hepatology for improvements in multidisciplinary care and management.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Higher long-term mortality in patients with concomitant acute coronary syndrome and aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aortic stenosis (AS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share similar cardiovascular risk factors, and their concomitant presentation is increasing in incidence with the aging population. Yet literature regarding the prognosis of patients with concomitant ACS and AS remains scarce.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined consecutive patients presenting with ACS (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) and concomitant AS between 1 January 2011 and 31 March 2021 in a tertiary hospital. The cohort was divided into mild, moderate and severe AS based on index echocardiogram. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to compare all-cause mortality among the three groups of patients, based on ACS type and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariable Cox regression was performed to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality.
Results
Of a total of 563 patients, 264 had mild (46.9%), 193 moderate (34.3%) and 106 severe AS (18.8%). The mean follow-up duration was 2.5 (± 2.4) years. Majority of patients (72.5%) presented with NSTEMI. Patients with moderate and severe AS had higher rates of all-cause mortality compared to those with mild AS (49.7% vs. 51.4% vs. 35.6% respectively, p=0.002). Concomitant moderate (HR 1.439, 95% CI 1.012–2.048, p=0.043) and severe AS (HR 1.844, 95% CI 1.159–2.933, p=0.010) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, gender, LVEF, ACS type, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement as a time-dependent variable. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated excess mortality in moderate and severe AS, compared to the mild AS group (p<0.001), with similar survival trends observed in the STEMI and the NSTEMI groups, as well as those with preserved LVEF.
Conclusion
Regardless of the ACS presentation type, long-term excess mortality in those with concomitant moderate or severe AS was observed. The adverse prognosis typically observed in patients with concomitant severe AS, in the setting of ACS, extends to patients with moderate AS.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Prognostically distinct phenotypes of metabolic health beyond obesity in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Whilst current evidence are in favour of metabolic health and non-obesity in the reduction of incident cardiovascular disease, little is known regarding the prognosis across the metabolic phenotypes once cardiovascular disease occurs. This study examined the prognosis of patients with significant aortic stenosis (AS) based on the presence of metabolic health and obesity.
Methods
This retrospective cohort on consecutive patients presenting with moderate-to-severe AS to a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2015. Patients were allocated into 4 groups based on obesity and metabolic health: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO). Metabolic health was defined in accordance to Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox regression examined independent associations between mortality and metabolic phenotypes, adjusting for aortic valve area, ejection fraction, age, sex, chronic kidney disease and AVR as a time-dependent covariate.
Results
Of 727 patients, the majority (51.6%) were MUNO, followed by MUO (32.7%), MHNO (11.4%), and MHO (4.3%). MHNO had the highest mortality (43.0%), followed by the MUNO (37.5%), MUO (30.0%) and MHO (6.9%) groups (p=0.001). Compared to MHNO, MHO (HR 0.159, 95% CI 0.038–0.668, p=0.012) and MUO (HR 0.614, 95% CI 0.403–0.937, p=0.024) were independently associated with lower all-cause mortality rates, after adjusting for confounders. In obese patients, metabolic health had favourable survival compared to metabolically unhealthy (p=0.015), but this protective impact of metabolic health was not observed in overweight or normal weight individuals. Obesity had favourable survival compared to overweight and normal weight, in both metabolically health (p=0.002) and unhealthy (p=0.007) patients,
Conclusion
MHO patients with AS have the most favourable prognosis whilst the seemingly healthy MHNO group had the worst survival. There should be a paradigm shift towards prioritising metabolic health rather than weight reduction in patients with significant AS.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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EP04.01-024 Influence of Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program on Health Resource Utilization in Lung Cancer in Southeastern Ontario, Canada. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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First live birth in China after cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency. Climacteric 2022; 25:421-424. [PMID: 35504301 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2064215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports the first live birth after cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency in China. METHODS A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome received ovarian tissue cryopreservation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and six ovarian cortex strips were thawed and transplanted into her peritoneal pocket 2 years later. RESULTS Pregnancy occurred spontaneously 27 months after grafting, and a healthy girl was born at 38 weeks gestation. Until now, the child has developed normally without any major diseases. CONCLUSIONS We report the first live birth resulting from ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in China.
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[Research in evaluation and intervention of cardiovascular complications of patients with type 1 diabetes on demand]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:1153-1158. [PMID: 35462499 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn/112137-20211009-02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, great progress has been made in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), however the disease still significantly shortens the life expectancy. Cardiovascular complication is the main cause of death in T1DM patients, and the morbidity is even higher than that of type 2 diabetes. The risk factors of cardiovascular complication in T1DM are different from those of type 2 diabetes. Besides hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, microvascular complications and unhealthy lifestyle, non-traditional risk factors also play very important roles in developing cardiovascular complication, such as hypoglycemia, blood glucose variability, insulin resistance, and autoimmune inflammation of heart. At present, there is a lack of risk assessment and prevention measures for cardiovascular complications in T1DM. It is necessary for more studies to explore whether sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which can improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus, can be equally effective in T1DM.
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Quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling reveals the minimal sequence requirement and amino acid preference of sirtuin-1's deacetylation substrates in diabetes mellitus. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2022; 20:2250008. [PMID: 35451939 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720022500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD[Formula: see text]-dependent deacetylase involved in multiple glucose metabolism pathways and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The enzyme specifically recognizes its deacetylation substrates' peptide segments containing a central acetyl-lysine residue as well as a number of amino acids flanking the central residue. In this study, we attempted to ascertain the minimal sequence requirement (MSR) around the central acetyl-lysine residue of SIRT1 substrate-recognition sites as well as the amino acid preference (AAP) at different residues of the MSR window through quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) strategy, which would benefit our understanding of SIRT1 substrate specificity at the molecular level and is also helpful to rationally design substrate-mimicking peptidic agents against DM by competitively targeting SIRT1 active site. In this procedure, a large-scale dataset containing 6801 13-mer acetyl-lysine peptides (and their SIRT1-catalyized deacetylation activities) were compiled to train 10 QSAR regression models developed by systematic combination of machine learning methods (PLS and SVM) and five amino acids descriptors (DPPS, T-scale, MolSurf, [Formula: see text]-score, and FASGAI). The two best QSAR models (PLS+FASGAI and SVM+DPPS) were then employed to statistically examine the contribution of residue positions to the deacetylation activity of acetyl-lysine peptide substrates, revealing that the MSR can be represented by 5-mer acetyl-lysine peptides that meet a consensus motif X[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text](AcK)0X[Formula: see text]. Structural analysis found that the X[Formula: see text] and (AcK)0 residues are tightly packed against the enzyme active site and confer both stability and specificity for the enzyme-substrate complex, whereas the X[Formula: see text], X[Formula: see text] and X[Formula: see text] residues are partially exposed to solvent but can also effectively stabilize the complex system. Subsequently, a systematic deacetylation activity change profile (SDACP) was created based on QSAR modeling, from which the AAP for each residue position of MSR was depicted. With the profile, we were able to rationally design an SDACP combinatorial library with promising deacetylation activity, from which nine MSR acetyl-lysine peptides as well as two known SIRT1 acetyl-lysine peptide substrates were tested by using SIRT1 deacetylation assay. It is revealed that the designed peptides exhibit a comparable or even higher activity than the controls, although the former is considerably shorter than the latter.
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Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Surgical management and oncologic outcomes for local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Epidemiological Survey on Echinococcosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35023682 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the latest data, the detection rate of echinococcus in Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County was 3.7%. The objective of this study is to further investigate the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Ho-boksar Mongol Autonomous County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China and provide the scientific evidence for preventive and control measures. METHODS We performed ultrasound examination of 521 people in Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and collected 508 serum samples, which were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by t-test and multinomial logistic regression for risk factor analysis. We collected 126 pieces of herder's dog feces and used double antibody sandwich method to detect the positive rate of fecal antigen. RESULTS The prevalence rate of human echinococcosis in this region was 4.4% (23/521), including 4.0% (21/521) for cystic echinococcosis (CE), 0.38% (2/521) for alveolar echinococcosis (AE). It was found that CE seropositivity was significantly different from gender, age, ethnic group, occupation, culture, area, income and awareness of this disease. The seroprevalence rate of people aged 41 - 65 (3.74%) was higher than of age 0 - 17 (0.197%) (p > 0.05); Female serological positive (4.921%) was higher than male (1.772%) (p > 0.005); Mongolian serological positive (5%) was higher than Han (0.197%) and Kazakhs (1.181%) (p > 0.05); The herdsmen serological positive (2.756% was higher than students (0.197%) (p > 0.05); The primary school students serological positive (2.559%) was higher than children before school 0% (p > 0.05); Chagankule serological positive (9.211%) was higher than Bayinaow (8.497%) (p > 0.05); The seroprevalence rate of people with income < 2,000 (3.74%) was higher than people with income over 5,000 (0.197%) (p > 0.05); The seroprevalence rate of people who had no disease awareness (4.724%) was higher than those who had awareness of Hydatid disease (1.969%) (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression show age, ethic group and awareness of station are the influence factors of epidemiology of echinococcosis. Canine fecal antigen positive rate was 50% (p > 0.05). Narenhebuke (48.78%) was higher than chahet (20.00%), but there is no statistical difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The surveillance data and our study results tend to be consistent that echinococcosis has an increasing trend in Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County. Efforts should be continued, in both animals and humans by increasing training campaigns and public awareness.
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2021 Canadian Surgery Forum01. Design and validation of a unique endoscopy simulator using a commercial video game03. Is ethnicity an appropriate measure of health care marginalization?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcomes of diabetic foot ulceration in the Aboriginal population04. Racial disparities in surgery — a cross-specialty matched comparison between black and white patients05. Starting late does not increase the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing common general surgical procedures06. Ethical decision-making during a health care crisis: a resource allocation framework and tool07. Ensuring stability in surgical training program leadership: a survey of program directors08. Introducing oncoplastic breast surgery in a community hospital09. Leadership development programs for surgical residents: a review of the literature10. Superiority of non-opioid postoperative pain management after thyroid and parathyroid operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis11. Timing of ERCP relative to cholecystectomy in patients with ductal gallstone disease12. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing intraoperative red blood cell transfusion strategies13. Postoperative outcomes after frail elderly preoperative assessment clinic: a single-institution Canadian perspective14. Selective opioid antagonists following bowel resection for prevention of postoperative ileus: a systematic review and meta-analysis15. Peer-to-peer coaching after bile duct injury16. Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release: a video abstract17. Retroperitoneoscopic approach to adrenalectomy19. Endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy: a video abstract20. Variability in surgeons’ perioperative management of pheochromocytomas in Canada21. The contribution of surgeon and hospital variation in transfusion practice to outcomes for patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a population-based analysis22. Perioperative transfusions for gastroesophageal cancers: risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes23. The association between frailty and time alive and at home after cancer surgery among older adults: a population-based analysis24. Psychological and workplace-related effects of providing surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada25. Safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic review26. Complications and reintervention following laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis27. Synchronization of pupil dilations correlates with team performance in a simulated laparoscopic team coordination task28. Receptivity to and desired design features of a surgical peer coaching program: an international survey9. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of emergency department utilization due to general surgery conditions30. The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the exposure of general surgery trainees to operative procedures31. Association between academic degrees and research productivity: an assessment of academic general surgeons in Canada32. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for subepithelial gastric lesion: a video presentation33. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute care general surgery at an academic Canadian centre34. Opioid-free analgesia after outpatient general surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial35. Impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy or targeted therapies on surgical resection in patients with solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis37. Surgical data recording in the operating room: a systematic review of modalities and metrics38. Association between nonaccidental trauma and neighbourhood socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis39. Laparoscopic repair of a transdiaphragmatic gastropleural fistula40. Video-based interviewing in medicine: a scoping review41. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for prevention of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: a cost analysis from the hospital payer’s perspective43. Perception or reality: surgical resident and faculty assessments of resident workload compared with objective data45. When illness and loss hit close to home: Do health care providers learn how to cope?46. Remote video-based suturing education with smartphones (REVISE): a randomized controlled trial47. The evolving use of robotic surgery: a population-based analysis48. Prophylactic retromuscular mesh placement for parastomal hernia prevention: a retrospective cohort study of permanent colostomies and ileostomies49. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective cohort study on anastomotic complications50. A lay of the land — a description of Canadian academic acute care surgery models51. Emergency general surgery in Ontario: interhospital variability in structures, processes and models of care52. Trauma 101: a virtual case-based trauma conference as an adjunct to medical education53. Assessment of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator for predicting patient-centred outcomes of emergency general surgery patients in a Canadian health care system54. Sustainability of a narcotic reduction initiative: 1 year following the Standardization of Outpatient Procedure (STOP) Narcotics Study55. Barriers to transanal endoscopic microsurgery referral56. Geospatial analysis of severely injured rural patients in a geographically complex landscape57. Implementation of an incentive spirometry protocol in a trauma ward: a single-centre pilot study58. Impostor phenomenon is a significant risk factor for burnout and anxiety in Canadian resident physicians: a cross-sectional survey59. Understanding the influence of perioperative education on performance among surgical trainees: a single-centre experience60. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on current and future endoscopic personal protective equipment practices: a national survey of 77 endoscopists61. Case report: delayed presentation of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis as necrotizing infection of the lower limb62. Investigating disparities in surgical outcomes in Canadian Indigenous populations63. Fundoplication is superior to medical therapy for Barrett esophagus disease regression and progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis64. Development of a novel online general surgery learning platform and a qualitative preimplementation analysis65. Hagfish slime exudate as a potential novel hemostatic agent: developing a standardized assessment protocol66. The effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical oncology case volumes and wait times67. Safety of same-day discharge in high-risk patients undergoing ambulatory general surgery68. External validation of the Codman score in colorectal surgery: a pragmatic tool to drive quality improvement69. Improved morbidity and gastrointestinal restoration rates without compromising survival rates for diverting loop ileostomy with colonic lavage versus total abdominal colectomy for fulminant Clostridioides difficile colitis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study70. Potential access to emergency general surgical care in Ontario71. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) improves procedural duration, task completion and accuracy in surgical trainees: a systematic review01. Clinical validation of the Canada Lymph Node Score for endobronchial ultrasound02. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated esophageal cancer patients: a provincial population-based study03. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated lung cancer patients: a population-based study04. Is frailty associated with failure to rescue after esophagectomy? A multi-institutional comparative analysis of outcomes05. Routine systematic sampling versus targeted sampling of lymph nodes during endobronchial ultrasound: a feasibility randomized controlled trial06. Gastric ischemic conditioning reduces anastomotic complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis07. Move For Surgery, a novel preconditioning program to optimize health before thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial08. In case of emergency, go to your nearest emergency department — Or maybe not?09. Does preoperative SABR increase the risk of complications from lung cancer resection? A secondary analysis of the MISSILE trial10. Segmental resection for lung cancer: the added value of near-infrared fluorescence mapping diminishes with surgeon experience11. Toward competency-based continuing professional development for practising surgeons12. Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery in older adults with NSCLC — a population-based, matched analysis of long-term dependency outcomes13. Role of adjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and curative esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Evaluation of population characteristics on the incidence of thoracic empyema: an ecological study15. Determining the optimal stiffness colour threshold and stiffness area ratio cut-off for mediastinal lymph node staging using EBUS elastography and AI: a pilot study16. Quality assurance on the use of sequential compression stockings in thoracic surgery (QUESTs)17. The relationship between fissureless technique and prolonged air leak for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy18. CXCR2 inhibition as a candidate for immunomodulation in the treatment of K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma19. Assessment tools for evaluating competency in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a systematic review20. Understanding the current practice on chest tube management following lung resection among thoracic surgeons across Canada21. Effect of routine jejunostomy tube insertion in esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis22. Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax following bullectomy with pleurodesis or pleurectomy: a retrospective analysis23. Surgical outcomes following chest wall resection and reconstruction24. Outcomes following surgical management of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumours25. Does robotic approach offer better nodal staging than thoracoscopic approach in anatomical resection for non–small cell lung cancer? A single-centre propensity matching analysis26. Competency assessment for mediastinal mass resection and thymectomy: design and Delphi process27. The contemporary significance of venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolus [PE]) in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective, multicentre cohort study to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of VTE after major esophageal resections28. Esophageal cancer: symptom severity at the end of life29. The impact of pulmonary artery reconstruction on postoperative and oncologic outcomes: a systematic review30. Association with surgical technique and recurrence after laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia: a single-centre experience31. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in esophagectomy32. Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer: trends in surgical approach and early mortality at a single institution over the past 18 years34. Adverse events and length of stay following minimally invasive surgery in paraesophageal hernia repair35. Long-term symptom control comparison of Dor and Nissen fundoplication following laparoscopic para-esophageal hernia repair: a retrospective analysis36. Willingness to pay: a survey of Canadian patients’ willingness to contribute to the cost of robotic thoracic surgery37. Radiomics in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma: a prediction tool for tumour immune microenvironments38. Effectiveness of intraoperative pyloric botox injection during esophagectomy: how often is endoscopic intervention required?39. An artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting lymph node malignancy during endobronchial ultrasound40. The effect of major and minor complications after lung surgery on length of stay and readmission41. Measuring cost of adverse events following thoracic surgery: a scoping review42. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair: characterization by hospital and surgeon volume and impact on outcomes43. NSQIP 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index predicts morbidity but not mortality after esophagectomy44. Trajectory of perioperative HRQOL and association with postoperative complications in thoracic surgery patients45. Variation in treatment patterns and outcomes for resected esophageal cancer at designated thoracic surgery centres46. Patient-reported pretreatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predicts short-term survival in esophageal cancer patients47. Analgesic efficacy of surgeon-placed paravertebral catheters compared with thoracic epidural analgesia after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: a retrospective noninferiority study48. Rapid return to normal oxygenation after lung surgery49. Examination of local and systemic inflammatory changes during lung surgery01. Implications of near-infrared imaging and indocyanine green on anastomotic leaks following colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis02. Repeat preoperative endoscopy after regional implementation of electronic synoptic endoscopy reporting: a retrospective comparative study03. Consensus-derived quality indicators for operative reporting in transanal endoscopic surgery (TES)04. Colorectal lesion localization practices at endoscopy to facilitate surgical and endoscopic planning: recommendations from a national consensus Delphi process05. Black race is associated with increased mortality in colon cancer — a population-based and propensity-score matched analysis06. Improved survival in a cohort of patients 75 years and over with FIT-detected colorectal neoplasms07. Laparoscopic versus open loop ileostomy reversal: a systematic review and meta-analysis08. Posterior mesorectal thickness as a predictor of increased operative time in rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study09. Improvement of colonic anastomotic healing in mice with oral supplementation of oligosaccharides10. How can we better identify patients with rectal bleeding who are at high risk of colorectal cancer?11. Assessment of long-term bowel dysfunction in rectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study12. Observational versus antibiotic therapy for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a noninferiority meta-analysis based on a Delphi consensus13. Radiotherapy alone versus chemoradiotherapy for stage I anal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Is the Hartmann procedure for diverticulitis obsolete? National trends in colectomy for diverticulitis in the emergency setting from 1993 to 201515. Sugammadex in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis16. Sexuality and rectal cancer treatment: a qualitative study exploring patients’ information needs and expectations on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment17. Video-based interviews in selection process18. Impact of delaying colonoscopies during the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer detection and prevention19. Opioid use disorder associated with increased anastomotic leak and major complications after colorectal surgery20. Effectiveness of a rectal cancer education video on patient expectations21. Robotic-assisted rectosigmoid and rectal cancer resection: implementation and early experience at a Canadian tertiary centre22. An online educational app for rectal cancer survivors with low anterior resection syndrome: a pilot study23. The effects of surgeon specialization on the outcome of emergency colorectal surgery24. Outcomes after colorectal cancer resections in octogenarians and older in a regional New Zealand setting — What are the predictors of mortality?25. Long-term outcomes after seton placement for perianal fistulae with and without Crohn disease26. A survey of patient and surgeon preference for early ileostomy closure following restorative proctectomy for rectal cancer — Why aren’t we doing it?27. Crohn disease independently associated with longer hospital admission after surgery28. Short-stay (≤ 1 d) diverting loop ileostomy closure can be selectively implemented without an increase in readmission and complication rates: an ACS-NSQIP analysis29. A comparison of perineal stapled rectal prolapse resection and the Altemeier procedure at 2 Canadian academic hospitals30. Mental health and substance use disorders predict 90-day readmission and postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery31. Early discharge after colorectal cancer resection: trends and impact on patient outcomes32. Oral antibiotics without mechanical bowel preparation prior to emergency colectomy reduces the risk of organ space surgical site infections: a NSQIP propensity score matched study33. The impact of robotic surgery on a tertiary care colorectal surgery program, an assessment of costs and short-term outcomes — a Canadian perspective34. Should we scope beyond the age limit of guidelines? Adenoma detection rates and outcomes of screening and surveillance colonoscopies in patients aged 75–79 years35. Emergency department admissions for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a nationwide study36. Obesity is associated with a complicated episode of acute diverticulitis: a nationwide study37. Green indocyanine angiography for low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a prospective before-and-after study38. The impact of age on surgical recurrence of fibrostenotic ileocolic Crohn disease39. A qualitative study to explore the optimal timing and approach for the LARS discussion01. Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with breast cancer: a SEER-based population analysis02. First-line palliative chemotherapy for esophageal and gastric cancer: practice patterns and outcomes in the general population03. Frailty as a predictor for postoperative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy04. Synoptic electronic operative reports identify practice variation in cancer surgery allowing for directed interventions to decrease variation05. The role of Hedgehog signalling in basal-like breast cancer07. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes in oncoplastic breast conservation surgery from a single surgeon’s practice in a busy community hospital in Canada08. Upgrade rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia: 10 years of experience and predictive factors09. Time to first adjuvant treatment after oncoplastic breast reduction10. Preparing to survive: improving outcomes for young women with breast cancer11. Opioid prescription and consumption in patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery — baseline data for a quality improvement initiative12. Rectal anastomosis and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Should we avoid diverting loop ileostomy?13. Delays in operative management of early-stage, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic — a multi-institutional matched historical cohort study14. Opioid prescribing practices in breast oncologic surgery15. Oncoplastic breast reduction (OBR) complications and patient-reported outcomes16. De-escalating breast cancer surgery: Should we apply quality indicators from other jurisdictions in Canada?17. The breast cancer patient experience of telemedicine during COVID-1918. A novel ex vivo human peritoneal model to investigate mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GCa)19. Preliminary uptake and outcomes utilizing the BREAST-Q patient-reported outcomes questionnaire in patients following breast cancer surgery20. Routine elastin staining improves detection of venous invasion and enhances prognostication in resected colorectal cancer21. Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds: a new frontier in colon cancer screening and surveillance22. A clinical pathway for radical cystectomy leads to a shorter hospital stay and decreases 30-day postoperative complications: a NSQIP analysis23. Fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: a population-based study24. Investigating factors associated with postmastectomy unplanned emergency department visits: a population-based analysis25. Impact of patient, tumour and treatment factors on psychosocial outcomes after treatment in women with invasive breast cancer26. The relationship between breast and axillary pathologic complete response in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer01. The association between bacterobilia and the risk of postoperative complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy02. Surgical outcome and quality of life following exercise-based prehabilitation for hepatobiliary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis03. Does intraoperative frozen section and revision of margins lead to improved survival in patients undergoing resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis04. Prolonged kidney procurement time is associated with worse graft survival after transplantation05. Venous thromboembolism following hepatectomy for colorectal metastases: a population-based retrospective cohort study06. Association between resection approach and transfusion exposure in liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer07. The association between surgeon volume and use of laparoscopic liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer08. Immune suppression through TIGIT in colorectal cancer liver metastases09. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” — a combined strategy to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy10. Laparoscopic versus open synchronous colorectal and hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer11. Identifying prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with recurrent disease following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastasis12. Modified Blumgart pancreatojejunostomy with external stenting in laparoscopic Whipple reconstruction13. Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single centre’s initial experience with introduction of a novel surgical approach14. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a single-centre cohort analysis15. Thermal ablation and telemedicine to reduce resource utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic16. Cost-utility analysis of normothermic machine perfusion compared with static cold storage in liver transplantation in the Canadian setting17. Impact of adjuvant therapy on overall survival in early-stage ampullary cancers: a single-centre retrospective review18. Presence of biliary anaerobes enhances response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma19. How does tumour viability influence the predictive capability of the Metroticket model? Comparing predicted-to-observed 5-year survival after liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma20. Does caudate resection improve outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis21. Appraisal of multivariable prognostic models for postoperative liver decompensation following partial hepatectomy: a systematic review22. Predictors of postoperative liver decompensation events following resection in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study23. Characteristics of bacteriobilia and impact on outcomes after Whipple procedure01. Inverting the y-axis: the future of MIS abdominal wall reconstruction is upside down02. Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum: a single-centre retrospective study03. The role of radiologic classification of parastomal hernia as a predictor of the need for surgical hernia repair: a retrospective cohort study04. Comparison of 2 fascial defect closure methods for laparoscopic incisional hernia repair01. Hypoalbuminemia predicts serious complications following elective bariatric surgery02. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band migration inducing jejunal obstruction associated with acute pancreatitis: aurgical approach of band removal03. Can visceral adipose tissue gene expression determine metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery?04. Improvement of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis05. A prediction model for delayed discharge following gastric bypass surgery06. Experiences and outcomes of Indigenous patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a mixed-methods scoping review07. What is the optimal common channel length in revisional bariatric surgery?08. Laparoscopic management of internal hernia in a 34-week pregnant woman09. Characterizing timing of postoperative complications following elective Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy10. Canadian trends in bariatric surgery11. Common surgical stapler problems and how to correct them12. Management of choledocholithiasis following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 2021; 64:S80-S159. [PMID: 35483046 PMCID: PMC8677574 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings related to the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1197. [PMID: 34837990 PMCID: PMC8627638 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study mainly evaluates the clinical characteristics and chest chest computed tomography (CT) findings of AFB-positive and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to explore the relationship between AFB-positive and clinico-radiological findings. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 224 hospitalized tuberculosis patients from 2018 to 2020 was undertaken. According to the AFB smear results, they were divided into AFB-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining) and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and patients' CT results and laboratory test results were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 224 PTB patients were enrolled. AFB-positive (n = 94, 42%) and AFB-negative (n = 130, 58%). AFB-positive patients had more consolidation (77.7% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.01), cavity (55.3% vs. 34.6%, p < 0.01), calcification (38.3% vs. 20%, p < 0.01), bronchiectasis (7.5% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.05), bronchiarctia (6.4% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.05), and right upper lobe involvement (57.5% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.01), left upper lobe involvement (46.8% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.05) and lymphadenopathy (58.5% vs. 37.7%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The study found that when pulmonary tuberculosis patients have consolidation, cavity, upper lobe involvement and lymphadenopathy on chest CT images, they may have a higher risk of AFB-positive tuberculosis.
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Sodium Selenite Enhances Antibiotics Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Deceases Its Pathogenicity by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting Quorum Sensing System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121873. [PMID: 34942975 PMCID: PMC8698442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is commonly found in clinical settings and immuno-compromised patients. It is difficult to be eradicated due to its strong antibiotic resistance, and novel inactivation strategies have yet to be developed. Selenium is an essential microelement for humans and has been widely used in dietary supplement and chemoprevention therapy. In this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of sodium selenite on P. aeruginosa PAO1 were investigated. The results showed that 0~5 mM sodium selenite did not impact the growth of PAO1, but increased the lethality rate of PAO1 with antibiotics or H2O2 treatment and the antibiotics susceptibility both in planktonic and biofilm states. In addition, sodium selenite significantly reduced the expression of quorum sensing genes and inhibited various virulence factors of this bacterium, including pyocyanin production, bacterial motilities, and the type III secretion system. Further investigation found that the content of ROS in cells was significantly increased and the expression levels of most genes involved in oxidative stress were up-regulated, which indicated that sodium selenite induced oxidative stress. The RNA-seq result confirmed the phenotypes of virulence attenuation and the expression of quorum sensing and antioxidant-related genes. The assays of Chinese cabbage and Drosophila melanogaster infection models showed that the combination of sodium selenite and antibiotics significantly alleviated the infection of PAO1. In summary, the results revealed that sodium selenite induced oxidative stress and inhibited the quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa, which in turn enhanced the antibiotic susceptibility and decreased the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These findings suggest that sodium selenite may be used as an effective strategy for adjunct treatment of the infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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P29.05 Gross Tumor Volume Contouring Variations in Radiation Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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P29.03 Thoracic Organs at Risk (OARs) Contouring Variations and Consensus in Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history on mating and reproductive behavior in Grapholita molesta. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:616-627. [PMID: 33998417 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The short-lived polygamous moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is an important fruit pest worldwide. Trapping males by synthetic female sex pheromones is not an effective reproductive control strategy. It is important to improve this technology by understanding the mating system of G. molesta. This study investigated mating opportunities and fertile egg production by altering the operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history in repeated single mating and multiple mating in the two sexes. Our results showed that the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin males were affected by the number and age of virgin females. Males preferred a female number ≤three-fifths of the male number or ≤2-day-old females, while they discriminated against a female number ≥three times of the male number or ≥5-day-old females. On the other hand, the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin females were affected by repeated single mating and especially multiple mating under different male mating histories. Females preferred once-mated males and discriminated against virgin males. These results indicated that mating systems including more and older virgin females for virgin males and different virgin males for virgin females may be suitable for suppressing G. molesta populations. Hence, these results revealed that preventing mating of virgin adults by synthetic female sex pheromones should be most effective in controlling G. molesta.
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First pregnancy in China after ovarian tissue transplantation to prevent premature ovarian insufficiency. Climacteric 2021; 24:624-628. [PMID: 34374311 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1956453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports the first case of pregnancy after frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplantation to prevent iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency in China. METHODS Ovarian tissue cryopreservation was performed in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) before multi-agent chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Two years later, she showed complete remission from MDS, and six frozen-thawed ovarian tissue strips were transplanted into the peritoneal pocket. RESULTS The patient's ovarian activity was restored 3 months after transplantation, and pregnancy occurred spontaneously 27 months after grafting. Until now, the pregnancy has progressed for 30 weeks, and the repeated ultrasound showed normal fetal development. CONCLUSION This is the first pregnancy resulting from ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in China.
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Analysis of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of CXC chemokines in cervical cancer microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:399. [PMID: 34321012 PMCID: PMC8317415 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) has received an increasing amount of attention. CXC chemokines can regulate immune cell transport and tumor cell activity to exert anti-tumor immunity. However, studies on the expression and prognosis of CXC chemokines in cervical cancer (CC) are more limited. Methods The study investigated the role of CXC chemokines in TME of CC by using public databases. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of CXC chemokines were performed to further verify. Results The transcriptional levels of CXCL1/3/5/6/8/9/10/11/13/16/17 in CC tissues were significantly elevated while the transcriptional levels of CXCL12/14 were significantly reduced. We reached a consistent conclusion that the expression of CXCL9/10/11/13 was verified by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, CC patients with low transcriptional levels of CXCL1/2/3/4/5/8 were significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS). The CCL family was related to CXC chemokines neighboring alteration. RELA, NFKB1, LCK and PAK2 were the key transcription factors and kinase targets of CXC chemokines, respectively. We also found there were significant correlations between the expression of CXCL9/10/11 and the infiltration of immune cells (CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, neutrophils and dendritic cells). Conclusions In brief, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of CXC chemokines via clinical data and some online public databases. Our results may provide a new idea for the selection of immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02101-9.
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Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of a Long-Chain n-Alkane-Degrading Strain Acinetobacter pittii SW-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126365. [PMID: 34208299 PMCID: PMC8296198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strain sw-1, isolated from 7619-m seawater of the Mariana Trench, was identified as Acinetobacter pittii by 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequencing. A. pittii sw-1 was able to efficiently utilize long-chain n-alkanes (C18–C36), but not short- and medium-chain n-alkanes (C8–C16). The degradation rate of C20 was 91.25%, followed by C18, C22, C24, C32, and C36 with the degradation rates of 89.30%, 84.03%, 80.29%, 30.29%, and 13.37%, respectively. To investigate the degradation mechanisms of n-alkanes for this strain, the genome and the transcriptome analyses were performed. Four key alkane hydroxylase genes (alkB, almA, ladA1, and ladA2) were identified in the genome. Transcriptomes of strain sw-1 grown in C20 or CH3COONa (NaAc) as the sole carbon source were compared. The transcriptional levels of alkB and almA, respectively, increased 78.28- and 3.51-fold in C20 compared with NaAc, while ladA1 and ladA2 did not show obvious change. The expression levels of other genes involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, permeases, membrane proteins, and sulfur metabolism were also upregulated, and they might be involved in n-alkane uptake. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that alkB expression was significantly induced by C20, C24, and C32, and almA induction extent by C24 and C32 was higher than that with C20. Furthermore, ladA2 expression was only induced by C32, and ladA1 expression was not induced by any of n-alkanes. In addition, A. pittii sw-1 could grow with 0%–3% NaCl or 8 out of 10 kinds of the tested heavy metals and degrade n-alkanes at 15 °C. Taken together, these results provide comprehensive insights into the degradation of long-chain n-alkanes by Acinetobacter isolated from the deep ocean environment.
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Cognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the management of renal cell carcinoma with IVC tumor thrombus. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Comprehensive molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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DNA Damage Repair (DDR) gene and VHL concurrent alterations in advanced clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) are association with good progression free survival with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Real-Time Tissue Elastography to Evaluate Hepatic Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury Caused by Brain Death. Ultrasound Q 2021; 37:138-143. [PMID: 34057914 PMCID: PMC8177492 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the potential of real-time tissue elastography (RTE) in evaluating hepatic hypoxic-ischemic injury caused by brain death. We performed RTE and biopsy for 50 donated liver. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe hepatocyte acidophilic change. Liver grafts were divided into 2 groups, one nonacidophilic change (n = 7) and the other with acidophilic change (n = 43). Correlation and difference analysis were performed for hematoxylin-eosin staining results and RTE parameters. The result indicated that 4 of the 11 RTE parameters, namely, the area of low strain within the region of interest (%AREA), contrast (CONT), inverse difference moment (IDM), and correlation (CORR) were related to hepatocytes acidophilic change (r = 0.284, P = 0.046; r = 0.349, P = 0.013; r = -0.444, P = 0.001; r = -0.381, P = 0.00). Whereas %AREA and CONT of the nonacidophilic change group were lower than that of the acidophilic change group (P < 0.05), IDM and CORR in nonacidophilic change group were higher than that of the acidophilic change group (P < 0.05); the remaining parameters were not statistically different between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the area under the curve of %AREA, CONT, IDM, and CORR were 0.75, 0.79, 0.81, and 0.77, respectively. Based on this, we concluded that the quantitative analysis parameters of RTE could preliminary assess hepatic hypoxic-ischemic injury caused by brain death.
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631 Lineage tracing at single-cell resolution unveils complex differentiation trajectories of adipocyte precursors in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Structure of a two-dimensional superparamagnetic system in a quadratic trap. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:043213. [PMID: 33212587 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.043213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ground-state structures of a two-dimensional (2D) system composed of superparamagnetic charged particles are investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The charged particles trapped in a quadratic potential interact with each other via the repulsive, attractive, and magnetic dipole-dipole forces. Simulations are performed within two regimes: a one-component system and a two-component system where the charged particles have the identical charge-to-mass ratio. The effects of magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, mixing ratio of the two species and confinement frequency on the ground-state structures are discussed. It is found that as the strength of the magnetic dipole increases, the charged particles tend to self-organize into chainlike structures. The two species particles exhibit different structural features, depending on the competition of electrostatic repulsive interaction, magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and confinement force. The potential lanes are observed through analyzing the global potential of the magnetic particles, which guide the unmagnetic particles aligning themselves in the direction of the potential lanes.
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[Effects of alprostadil in β-aminopropanitrile induced aortic dissection in a murine model]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2020; 48:682-688. [PMID: 32847325 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20190925-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the protective role of alprostadil on aortic dissection. Methods: 26 C57BL6 male mice were divided into control group (normal drinking water, n=13) and model group (1 g·kg-1·d-1 BAPN via drinking water, n=13). On day 14, mRNA expression of inflammatory-related genes as well as EP receptor families were detected by RT-PCR (n=6 each) and EP4 protein levels were determined by Western blot (n=7 each). Another 88 mice were divided into 3 groups: control group (n=22), model group (n=33) and treatment group (n=33). The mice in model group and treatment group were applied with BAPN (1 g·kg-1·d-1) via drinking water. The mice in treatment group received additional intraperitoneal injection with alprostadil (80 μg·kg-1·d-1) for 28 days. The mice in the control and model group received equal volume intraperitoneal injection with 0.9% saline respectively. The body weight and systolic blood pressure, the mortality and morbidity were monitored from the beginning until the designed end of the study. On day 28, the mice were sacrificed and aorta were fixed, embedded and sliced, followed by staining with HE and Victoria Blue. The distribution of EP4 was determined by immunohistochemistry in control (n=6) and model group (n=6). Furthermore, the concentration of PGE1 were tested among model (n=3) and treatment group (n=4). EP4 protein expression was determined in model group (n=7) and treatment group (n=6). Results: On day 14, mRNA expression level of MCP-1 ((2.74±1.55) vs. (1.00±0.49),<0.05) and MMP2((1.38±0.42) vs. (1.00±0.27), P<0.05) was significantly upregulated in model group compared with control group. Protein expression of EP4 receptor also increased in aorta in model group compared with control group (1.48±0.51 vs. 1.00±0.19, P<0.05). In the dissection area, the EP4 expression was also enriched compared with non-dissection area, particularly in endothelial cells and inflammatory cells on day 28. BAPN applied in drinking water (model and treatment groups) successfully induced the aortic dissection in mice, some mice died of the rupture. The elastic fibers were fractured, and the infiltrated immune cells were visible in dissected tissue. False lumen was formed. There was no dissection and death in the control group. Compared with control group, the morbidity and mortality rates were significantly increased in the model group (60.6%, 20/33, 30.3%, 10/33) and the treatment group (72.7%, 24/33, 24.2%, 8/33). The mortality and morbidity rates were similar between model and treatment groups. There is no difference in terms of SBP among three groups (P>0.05). Further study showed that after alprostadil injection, the blood concentration of PGE1 was increased in treatment group ((0.540±0.041 vs. 0.436±0.012)μmol/L, P<0.05). Besides, the EP4 receptor expression was downregulated in the treatment group compared to model group (0.60±0.30 vs. 1.00±0.20, P<0.05). Conclusion: EP4 expression is upregulated in BAPN induced aortic dissection mouse model. No protective effects are observed post alprostadil treatment in this model probably due to the reduced expression of EP4.
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29P Genomic features of Chinese lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Can Viscoelasticity Measurements Obtained Through Shear-Wave US Elastography be used to Monitor Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Treatment Response? An Animal Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2464-2471. [PMID: 32553529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether viscoelasticity measurements can be used to quantitatively analyze and monitor therapy response in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). All animals were divided into three groups: a sham operation group (n = 12), an ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group (n = 12) and an andrographolide pre-treatment group (n = 6). To assess the feasibility of using shear-wave velocity (SWV) and shear-wave dispersion (SWD), shear-wave ultrasound elastography was applied onto IRI rats after 4 and 24 h of reperfusion or sham operation (each time point subgroup n = 6). For the verification experiments, six additional rats received andrographolide injection 2 h before IRI and were examined 24 h after reperfusion. The rats were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological analyses after ultrasound scanning was performed. Compared with the sham group, the IRI group exhibited significantly higher SWD after both 4 and 24 h of reperfusion(10.69 ± 0.69 vs. 15.20 ± 3.23 and 9.01 ± 0.46 vs. 19.35 ± 0.86; p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between SWD values and Suzuki's score (r = 0.621; p < 0.05). No correlation was found between SWV and Suzuki's score (r = 0.283; p > 0.05), although significant differences were found between the two groups after 24 h of reperfusion. Andrographolide treatment resulted in a significantly decreased SWD (15.24 ± 0.45 vs. 19.35 ± 0.86; p < 0.05), whereas SWV showed no statistically significant difference. This study demonstrated the potential of using viscoelasticity measurements for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HIRI, and that the use of SWD was significantly more advantageous than SWV.
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