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Hage C, Gremse F, Griessinger CM, Maurer A, Hoffmann SH, Osl F, Pichler BJ, Kiessling F, Scheuer W, Pöschinger T. Comparison of the Accuracy of FMT/CT and PET/MRI for the Assessment of Antibody Biodistribution in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:44-50. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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2
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Scheuer W, Thomas M, Hanke P, Sam J, Osl F, Weininger D, Baehner M, Seeber S, Kettenberger H, Schanzer J, Brinkmann U, Weidner KM, Regula J, Klein C. Anti-tumoral, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic efficacy of a tetravalent bispecific antibody (TAvi6) targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2. MAbs 2016; 8:562-73. [PMID: 26864324 PMCID: PMC4966847 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1147640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a key regulator of blood vessel remodeling and maturation. In tumors, Ang-2 is up-regulated and an unfavorable prognostic factor. Recent data demonstrated that Ang-2 inhibition mediates anti-tumoral effects. We generated a tetravalent bispecific antibody (Ang-2-VEGF-TAvi6) targeting VEGF-A with 2 arms based on bevacizumab (Avastin®), and targeting Ang-2 with 2 arms based on a novel anti-Ang-2 antibody (LC06). The two Ang-2-targeting single-chain variable fragments are disulfide-stabilized and fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain of bevacizumab. Treatment with Ang-2-VEGF-A-TAvi6 led to a complete abrogation of angiogenesis in the cornea micropocket assay. Metastatic spread and tumor growth of subcutaneous, orthotopic and anti-VEGF-A resistant tumors were also efficiently inhibited. These data further establish Ang-2-VEGF bispecific antibodies as a promising anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic and anti-tumor agent for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Scheuer
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Markus Thomas
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Petra Hanke
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Johannes Sam
- b Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Franz Osl
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Diana Weininger
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Monika Baehner
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Seeber
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Schanzer
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - K Michael Weidner
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Jörg Regula
- a Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg , Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- b Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren , Switzerland
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Dobosz M, Haupt U, Scheuer W. Improved decision making for prioritizing tumor targeting antibodies in human xenografts: Utility of fluorescence imaging to verify tumor target expression, antibody binding and optimization of dosage and application schedule. MAbs 2016; 9:140-153. [PMID: 27661454 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1238996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical efficacy studies of antibodies targeting a tumor-associated antigen are only justified when the expression of the relevant antigen has been demonstrated. Conventionally, antigen expression level is examined by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue section. This method represents the diagnostic "gold standard" for tumor target evaluation, but is affected by a number of factors, such as epitope masking and insufficient antigen retrieval. As a consequence, variances and discrepancies in histological staining results can occur, which may influence decision-making and therapeutic outcome. To overcome these problems, we have used different fluorescence-labeled therapeutic antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in combination with fluorescence imaging modalities to determine tumor antigen expression, drug-target interaction, and biodistribution and tumor saturation kinetics in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. For this, whole-body fluorescence intensities of labeled antibodies, applied as a single compound or antibody mixture, were measured in Calu-1 and Calu-3 tumor-bearing mice, then ex vivo multispectral tumor tissue analysis at microscopic resolution was performed. With the aid of this simple and fast imaging method, we were able to analyze the tumor cell receptor status of HER1-3 and IGF1R, monitor the antibody-target interaction and evaluate the receptor binding sites of anti-HER2-targeting antibodies. Based on this, the most suitable tumor model, best therapeutic antibody, and optimal treatment dosage and application schedule was selected. Predictions drawn from obtained imaging data were in excellent concordance with outcome of conducted preclinical efficacy studies. Our results clearly demonstrate the great potential of combined in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging for the preclinical development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobosz
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Ute Haupt
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
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Castoldi R, Schanzer J, Panke C, Jucknischke U, Neubert NJ, Croasdale R, Scheuer W, Auer J, Klein C, Niederfellner G, Kobold S, Sustmann C. TetraMabs: simultaneous targeting of four oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases for tumor growth inhibition in heterogeneous tumor cell populations. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:467-475. [PMID: 27578890 PMCID: PMC5036864 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based targeted tumor therapy has greatly improved treatment options for patients. Antibodies against oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), especially the ErbB receptor family, are prominent examples. However, long-term efficacy of such antibodies is limited by resistance mechanisms. Tumor evasion by a priori or acquired activation of other kinases is often causative for this phenomenon. These findings led to an increasing number of combination approaches either within a protein family, e.g. the ErbB family or by targeting RTKs of different phylogenetic origin like HER1 and cMet or HER1 and IGF1R. Progress in antibody engineering technology enabled generation of clinical grade bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to design drugs inherently addressing such resistance mechanisms. Limited data are available on multi-specific antibodies targeting three or more RTKs. In the present study, we have evaluated the cloning, eukaryotic expression and purification of tetraspecific, tetravalent Fc-containing antibodies targeting HER3, cMet, HER1 and IGF1R. The antibodies are based on the combination of single-chain Fab and Fv fragments in an IgG1 antibody format enhanced by the knob-into-hole technology. They are non-agonistic and inhibit tumor cell growth comparable to the combination of four parental antibodies. Importantly, TetraMabs show improved apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition over individual monospecific or BsAbs in cellular assays. In addition, a mimicry assay to reflect heterogeneous expression of antigens in a tumor mass was established. With this novel in vitro assay, we can demonstrate the superiority of a tetraspecific antibody to bispecific tumor antigen-binding antibodies in early pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Castoldi
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schanzer
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Panke
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Jucknischke
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie J Neubert
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Croasdale
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Auer
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Zuerich, Switzerland, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren
| | - Gerhard Niederfellner
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Claudio Sustmann
- pRED, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Moessner E, Hofer T, Waldhauer I, Scheuer W, Hosse R, Duerner L, He M, Zick K, Fischer J, Sustmann C, Weinzierl T, Bacac M, Gerdes C, Umana P, Klein C. Abstract 2955: Herceptarg, a novel heterodimeric biparatopic common light chain IgG1 antibody based on trastuzumab and pertuzumab, exerts potent anti-tumoral activity. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are humanized antibodies recognizing different functional HER2 epitopes. Preclinical data demonstrated strong anti-tumoral efficacy when combining them (Scheuer et al., Canc Res, 2009). The CLEOPATRA trial showed that the addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab + docetaxel strongly improves overall survival of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients (Swain et al., NEJM, 2015). Herceptarg is a novel heterodimeric 1+1 biparatopic common light chain IgG1 antibody based on trastuzumab and pertuzumab.
Methods: Using consensus light chains, pertuzumab heavy chain affinity maturation via phage display and knob-into-holes technology, a heterodimeric biparatopic common light chain antibody based on trastuzumab and pertuzumab was generated (Figure 1A). This bispecific antibody was characterized in direct comparison to the respective parental antibodies and their combination in vitro by surface plasmon resonance, proliferation, ADCC and CDC assays and in vivo using the orthotopic KPL-4 breast cancer xenograft model. KPL-4 cells were provided by Prof. Kurebayashi (Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan).
Results: In vitro, Herceptarg has the highest binding affinity for HER2 on cells, mediates potent ADCC activity, comparable or superior growth inhibition activity of breast and gastric cancer cells and CDC superior to the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab. In vivo, Herceptarg (10 mg/kg, q1w) mediates anti-tumoral efficacy in the orthotopic KPL-4 breast cancer xenograft model resulting in tumor regression comparable to the combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab (10 mg/kg, q1w, each), and superior to the respective single agent therapies.
Conclusions: Taken together, these data demonstrate that Herceptarg, as a single IgG1 bispecific antibody is superior (or at least comparable) to the combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in vitro and in vivo and may ultimately improve outcome of breast and gastric cancer patients.
Citation Format: Ekkehard Moessner, Thomas Hofer, Inja Waldhauer, Werner Scheuer, Ralf Hosse, Lydia Duerner, Mi He, Karlheinz Zick, Jens Fischer, Claudio Sustmann, Tina Weinzierl, Marina Bacac, Christian Gerdes, Pablo Umana, Christian Klein. Herceptarg, a novel heterodimeric biparatopic common light chain IgG1 antibody based on trastuzumab and pertuzumab, exerts potent anti-tumoral activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkehard Moessner
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hofer
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Werner Scheuer
- 2Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Hosse
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Duerner
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mi He
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Karlheinz Zick
- 2Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jens Fischer
- 2Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Tina Weinzierl
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerdes
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
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6
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Brünker P, Wartha K, Friess T, Grau-Richards S, Waldhauer I, Koller CF, Weiser B, Majety M, Runza V, Niu H, Packman K, Feng N, Daouti S, Hosse RJ, Mössner E, Weber TG, Herting F, Scheuer W, Sade H, Shao C, Liu B, Wang P, Xu G, Vega-Harring S, Klein C, Bosslet K, Umaña P. RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:946-57. [PMID: 27037412 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular apoptosis and resistance to cell death are hallmarks of neoplastic initiation and disease progression. Therefore, the development of agents that overcome apoptosis dysregulation in tumor cells is an attractive therapeutic approach. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is strongly dependent on death receptor (DR) hyperclustering on the cell surface. However, strategies to activate DR5 or DR4 through agonistic antibodies have had only limited clinical success. To pursue an alternative approach for tumor-targeted induction of apoptosis, we engineered a bispecific antibody (BsAb), which simultaneously targets fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) on cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma and DR5 on tumor cells. We hypothesized that bivalent binding to both FAP and DR5 leads to avidity-driven hyperclustering of DR5 and subsequently strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Here, we show that RG7386, an optimized FAP-DR5 BsAb, triggers potent tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical tumor models with FAP-positive stroma. RG7386 antitumor efficacy was strictly FAP dependent, was independent of FcR cross-linking, and was superior to conventional DR5 antibodies. In combination with irinotecan or doxorubicin, FAP-DR5 treatment resulted in substantial tumor regression in patient-derived xenograft models. FAP-DR5 also demonstrated single-agent activity against FAP-expressing malignant cells, due to cross-binding of FAP and DR5 across tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RG7386, a novel and potent antitumor agent in both mono- and combination therapies, overcomes limitations of previous DR5 antibodies and represents a promising approach to conquer tumor-associated resistance to apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 946-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brünker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wartha
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Friess
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Grau-Richards
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ferrara Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Weiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Meher Majety
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ningping Feng
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Sherif Daouti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ralf J Hosse
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Mössner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Frank Herting
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cuiying Shao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Xu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzana Vega-Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bosslet
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Wartha K, Weiser B, Friess T, Majety M, Runza V, Herting F, Weber T, Scheuer W, Harring SV, Sade H, Niu H. Abstract A59: A novel bispecific FAP-DR5 antibody inducing potent and tumor-specific death receptor 5 (DR5) activation by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) dependent crosslinking. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.chtme14-a59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in tumor cells through agonistic death receptor 5 (DR5) antibodies has been evaluated in the clinic with limited success so far. In this context, several reports show that DR5 activation is strongly dependent on receptor hyperclustering on the cell surface. Therefore a therapeutic principle that induces DR5 hyperclustering specifically at the tumor site may provide superior efficacy, potency and safety compared to conventional DR5 agonistic antibodies. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a marker for activated fibroblasts and abundantly expressed in cancer associated fibroblasts of various epithelial tumor indications and as a tumor antigen on tumors of mesenchymal origin. Due to its relative absence from normal tissues, FAP can be used as a tumor targeting antigen. Here, we are using the broad expression of FAP in tumor stroma for crosslinking of DR5 by a bispecific antibody.
Aim: In order to achieve superior tumor targeting and tumor located DR5 hyperclustering we have generated a bispecific antibody, RG7386, comprised of an agonistic DR5 binder and a FAP targeting moiety.
Results: RG7386 shows potent and selective binding to FAP and DR5 and can simultaneously bind to both targets. In in vitro co-culture assays, using human DLD1 colon tumor cells and FAP expressing fibroblasts, RG7386 induces potent, FAP dependent DR5 hyperclustering and apoptosis induction in DR5 positive tumor cells (IC50: 0.05 nM). In preclinical in vivo models with co-injection of DLD-1 tumor cells and fibroblasts as well as patient-derived colorectal cancer models, RG7386 shows FAP dependent efficacy and apoptosis induction superior to conventional DR5 antibodies. Furthermore the superior induction of apoptosis could be confirmed by in vivo and ex vivo analysis of cleaved Caspase-3 with imaging, Luminex and histopathology.
Conclusion: RG7386 is a promising novel therapeutic entity for the treatment of solid tumors with FAP positive tumor stroma inducing DR5 activation by FAP dependent DR5 hypercrosslinking which results in potent anti-tumor activity.
Citation Format: Katharina Wartha, Barbara Weiser, Thomas Friess, Meher Majety, Valeria Runza, Frank Herting, Thomas Weber, Werner Scheuer, Suzana Vega Harring, Hadassah Sade, Huifeng Niu. A novel bispecific FAP-DR5 antibody inducing potent and tumor-specific death receptor 5 (DR5) activation by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) dependent crosslinking. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A59. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A59
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Thomas M, Scheuer W, Regula JT, Bähner M, Schanzer JM, Croasdale R, Gassner C, Georges G, Kettenberger H, Dürr H, Imhof-Jung S, Schwaiger M, Stubenrauch KG, Weidner MK, Schäfer W, Klein C. Abstract 3285: Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 function mediates potent anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic efficacy. Tumour Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pöschinger T, Renner A, Eisa F, Dobosz M, Brauweiler R, Kalender WA, Scheuer W. Abstract 2071A: Anti-VEGF treatment in orthotopic breast cancer xenografts: Dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-CT correlates with 3D multispectral fluorescence histology. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim:
Here, we evaluate the ability of dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (DCE micro-CT) in combination with 3D fluorescence ultramicroscopy (UM) to assess the early physiological and morphological treatment response of orthotopic breast tumors to anti-angiogenic drug therapy.
Methods:
Non-invasive DCE micro-CT was performed on breast cancer xenografts (KPL-4) that were treated twice with an antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or a control antibody. Tumor physiology was assessed in different tumor regions of interests measuring the relative blood volume (rBV) and the permeability-surface area product (PS). Parametric maps were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis to evaluate intra-tumor vascular heterogeneity. Mean physiological measurements were compared with morphological measures of the tumor vascular architecture (microvessel density (MVD) and relative vessel volume (rVV)) as obtained by 3-dimensional fluorescence UM. Additionally, vessel leakage was assessed by UM quantifying the penetration strength of a co-injected fluorescence-labeled therapeutic antibody into the tumor tissue.
Results:
Examination of the parametric maps revealed significantly different spatial patterns of intra-tumoral blood supply (rBV) between anti-VEGF-treated tumors and control. While a characteristic rim vascularization (high rBV values in the tumor periphery) was observed in the control tumors, treated tumors showed a widely homogeneous blood supply. Compared with high-resolution UM, these physiological rBV maps showed excellent agreement with the morphological appearance of the 3D tumor vascular architecture. Assessment of the mean physiology showed a significant decrease of rBV (p<0.01) and PS (p<0.05) in the tumor periphery after anti-angiogenic treatment. The reduction of rBV correlated well with a significant reduction of rVV (p<0.01) in the corresponding tumor region. The decrease in PS was found consistent with a significantly reduced antibody uptake (p<0.01) in the tumor tissue after treatment. No treatment effect was observed by tumor volume.
Conclusions:
DCE micro-CT used along with UM provides comprehensive and complementary information of the physiological and morphological anti-angiogenic treatment response in breast cancer xenografts. This technology may help to improve current standard methods in the assessment of anti-angiogenic drug efficacy in preclinical drug development.
Citation Format: Thomas Pöschinger, Anja Renner, Fabian Eisa, Michael Dobosz, Robert Brauweiler, Willi A. Kalender, Werner Scheuer. Anti-VEGF treatment in orthotopic breast cancer xenografts: Dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-CT correlates with 3D multispectral fluorescence histology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2071A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2071A
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pöschinger
- 1Discovery Oncology, pRED, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Eisa
- 3Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Robert Brauweiler
- 3Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Willi A. Kalender
- 3Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Weber TG, Mathejczyk J, Galbán S, Rehemtulla A, Scheuer W. Abstract 4289: Noninvasive monitoring of blood-brain barrier permeability for antibodies by apoptosis imaging: optimization of treatment strategies for maximal brain delivery. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purposes: Large molecules like antibodies cannot penetrate the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) in adequate amounts to deploy efficacy. Brain shuttle antibodies for enhanced BBB crossing are considered to overcome this obstacle. Thus, we established a non-invasive technology that accelerates quantification of brain tumor delivery and pharmacodynamics of antibodies.
Experimental Procedures: The technology implies intracranial implantation of a split-luciferase apoptosis reporter cell line (Caspase-3/7 GloSensor) in SHO mice. An agonistic Death Receptor 5 antibody (anti-DR5) was used as model substance. To quantify BBB crossing of systemically applied anti-DR5, we compared apoptosis inductions after i.c. and i.v. application at different dosages.
Results: Assuming a 100 % drug delivery after i.c. application, the amount of antibody delivery after i.v. application was calculated relative to its apoptosis induction. We found that less than 1 % of the unmodified anti-DR5 passed the BBB dose-dependently. These data were confirmed by 3-dimensional fluorescence microscopy of explanted brain tissue. Significant anti-tumor efficacy was detected when anti-DR5 is given in adequately high dosages. We further demonstrate in different brain tumor models that unspecific IgG antibody penetration into brain tumors is presumably enhanced by a slightly impaired BBB.
Conclusions: Our technology facilitates the quantification of BBB penetration by measuring apoptosis non-invasively without using radiolabeling approaches. This orthotopic model accelerates the assessment of i.v. dosage optimization and brain shuttle systems for maximal anti-tumor efficacy in brain tumors.
Citation Format: Thomas G. Weber, Julia Mathejczyk, Stefanie Galbán, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Werner Scheuer. Noninvasive monitoring of blood-brain barrier permeability for antibodies by apoptosis imaging: optimization of treatment strategies for maximal brain delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4289
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Schanzer JM, Wartha K, Croasdale R, Moser S, Künkele KP, Ries C, Scheuer W, Duerr H, Pompiati S, Pollman J, Stracke J, Lau W, Ries S, Brinkmann U, Klein C, Umana P. A novel glycoengineered bispecific antibody format for targeted inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-1R) demonstrating unique molecular properties. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18693-706. [PMID: 24841203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have developed a novel one-arm single chain Fab heterodimeric bispecific IgG (OAscFab-IgG) antibody format targeting the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with one binding site for each target antigen. The bispecific antibody XGFR is based on the "knob-into-hole" technology for heavy chain heterodimerization with one heavy chain consisting of a single chain Fab to prevent wrong pairing of light chains. XGFR was produced with high expression yields and showed simultaneous binding to IGF-1R and EGFR with high affinity. Due to monovalent binding of XGFR to IGF-1R, IGF-1R internalization was strongly reduced compared with the bivalent parental antibody, leading to enhanced Fc-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. To further increase immune effector functions triggered by XGFR, the Fc portion of the bispecific antibody was glycoengineered, which resulted in strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity. XGFR-mediated inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR phosphorylation as well as A549 tumor cell proliferation was highly effective and was comparable with a combined treatment with EGFR (GA201) and IGF-1R (R1507) antibodies. XGFR also demonstrated potent anti-tumor efficacy in multiple mouse xenograft tumor models with a complete growth inhibition of AsPC1 human pancreatic tumors and improved survival of SCID beige mice carrying A549 human lung tumors compared with treatment with antibodies targeting either IGF-1R or EGFR. In summary, we have applied rational antibody engineering technology to develop a heterodimeric OAscFab-IgG bispecific antibody, which combines potent signaling inhibition with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induction and results in superior molecular properties over two established tetravalent bispecific formats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel Moser
- Roche Glycart AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland, and
| | | | | | | | - Harald Duerr
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pompiati
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jan Pollman
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jan Stracke
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wilma Lau
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ries
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Glycart AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland, and
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Weber TG, Osl F, Renner A, Pöschinger T, Galbán S, Rehemtulla A, Scheuer W. Apoptosis imaging for monitoring DR5 antibody accumulation and pharmacodynamics in brain tumors noninvasively. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1913-23. [PMID: 24509903 PMCID: PMC4269941 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas often possess an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB), which allows delivery of large molecules to brain tumors. However, achieving optimal drug concentrations in brain tumors remains a significant hurdle for treating patients successfully. Thus, detailed investigations of drug activities in gliomas are needed. To investigate BBB penetration, pharmacodynamics, and tumor retention kinetics of an agonistic DR5 antibody in a brain tumor xenograft model, we utilized a noninvasive imaging method for longitudinal monitoring of apoptosis induction. Brain tumors were induced by intracranial (i.c.) implantation of a luciferase-expressing tumor cell line as a reporter. To quantify accumulation of anti-DR5 in brain tumors, we generated a dosage-response curve for apoptosis induction after i.c. delivery of fluorescence-labeled anti-DR5 at different dosages. Assuming 100% drug delivery after i.c. application, the amount of accumulated antibody after i.v. application was calculated relative to its apoptosis induction. We found that up to 0.20% to 0.97% of antibody delivered i.v. reached the brain tumor, but that apoptosis induction declined quickly within 24 hours. These results were confirmed by three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy of antibody accumulation in explanted brains. Nonetheless, significant antitumor efficacy was documented after anti-DR5 delivery. We further demonstrated that antibody penetration was facilitated by an impaired BBB in brain tumors. These imaging methods enable the quantification of antibody accumulation and pharmacodynamics in brain tumors, offering a holistic approach for assessment of central nervous system-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Weber
- Authors' Affiliations: Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Dobosz M, Strobel S, Stubenrauch KG, Osl F, Scheuer W. Noninvasive measurement of pharmacokinetics by near-infrared fluorescence imaging in the eye of mice. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:16022. [PMID: 24474508 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For generating preclinical pharmacokinetics (PKs) of compounds, blood is drawn at different time points and levels are quantified by different analytical methods. In order to receive statistically meaningful data, 3 to 5 animals are used for each time point to get serum peak-level and half-life of the compound. Both characteristics are determined by data interpolation, which may influence the accuracy of these values. We provide a method that allows continuous monitoring of blood levels noninvasively by measuring the fluorescence intensity of labeled compounds in the eye and other body regions of anesthetized mice. PROCEDURES The method evaluation was performed with four different fluorescent compounds: (i) indocyanine green, a nontargeting dye; (ii) OsteoSense750, a bone targeting agent; (iii) tumor targeting Trastuzumab-Alexa750; and (iv) its F(ab')2-alxea750 fragment. The latter was used for a direct comparison between fluorescence imaging and classical blood analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found an excellent correlation between blood levels measured by noninvasive eye imaging with the results generated by classical methods. A strong correlation between eye imaging and ELISA was demonstrated for the F(ab')2 fragment. Whole body imaging revealed a compound accumulation in the expected regions (e.g., liver, bone). CONCLUSIONS The combination of eye and whole body fluorescence imaging enables the simultaneous measurement of blood PKs and biodistribution of fluorescent-labeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobosz
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Strobel
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franz Osl
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Poeschinger T, Renner A, Weber T, Scheuer W. Bioluminescence imaging correlates with tumor serum marker, organ weights, histology, and human DNA levels during treatment of orthotopic tumor xenografts with antibodies. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:28-39. [PMID: 22528864 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we correlate results of bioluminescence measurements with established readouts for assessing therapeutic efficacy of antibodies in orthotopic cancer xenografts. PROCEDURES An orthotopic tumor model of pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1-luc) and experimental lung metastasis (A549-luc) were established. Whole-body bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to observe tumor progression under therapy with antibodies targeting different receptor kinases (primary readout). For purpose of verification, anti-tumoral efficacy was cross-validated with results obtained by measurement of organ weights, histology, tumor serum marker analysis (CYFRA 21-1), and quantification of human DNA concentration in the organ of interest (secondary readouts). RESULTS Anti-tumoral efficacy is demonstrated for the antibodies tested. In the pancreas xenograft, a tumor growth inhibition of 95% (p < 0.01) was achieved as compared to control. Therapeutic efficacy could be identified as soon as 1 week after initiation of treatment. In the model of experimental lung metastasis, antibody treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth up to 75% (p < 0.05). All imaging results were confirmed by correlation analysis showing excellent agreement with the secondary readouts. CONCLUSIONS BLI was demonstrated to be a reliable tool for monitoring early drug responses in orthotopic small animal cancer models. BLI allows rapid and non-invasive assessment of tumor load in the animal over time and, thus, provides a suitable method for routine use in preclinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Poeschinger
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Oncology, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
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Kienast Y, Klein C, Scheuer W, Raemsch R, Lorenzon E, Bernicke D, Herting F, Yu S, The HH, Martarello L, Gassner C, Stubenrauch KG, Munro K, Augustin HG, Thomas M. Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a Novel Bispecific Human IgG1 Antibody Blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 Functions Simultaneously, Mediates Potent Antitumor, Antiangiogenic, and Antimetastatic Efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6730-40. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Castoldi R, Ecker V, Wiehle L, Majety M, Busl-Schuller R, Asmussen M, Nopora A, Jucknischke U, Osl F, Kobold S, Scheuer W, Venturi M, Klein C, Niederfellner G, Sustmann C. A novel bispecific EGFR/Met antibody blocks tumor-promoting phenotypic effects induced by resistance to EGFR inhibition and has potent antitumor activity. Oncogene 2013; 32:5593-601. [PMID: 23812422 PMCID: PMC3898114 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Met in cancer therapy is under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. Here, we report the finding that treatment with EGFR inhibitors of various tumor cells, when stimulated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and EGF, results in transient upregulation of phosphorylated AKT. Furthermore, EGFR inhibition in this setting stimulates a pro-invasive phenotype as assessed in Matrigel-based assays. Simultaneous treatment with AKT and EGFR inhibitors abrogates this invasive growth, hence functionally linking signaling and phenotype. This observation implies that during treatment of tumors a balanced ratio of EGFR and Met inhibition is required. To address this, we designed a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and Met, which has the advantage of a fixed 2:1 stoichiometry. This bispecific antibody inhibits proliferation in tumor cell cultures and co-cultures with fibroblasts in an additive manner compared with treatment with both single agents. In addition, cell migration assays reveal a higher potency of the bispecific antibody in comparison with the antibodies' combination at low doses. We demonstrate that the bispecific antibody inhibits invasive growth, which is specifically observed with cetuximab. Finally, the bispecific antibody potently inhibits tumor growth in a non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model bearing a strong autocrine HGF-loop. Together, our findings strongly support a combination treatment of EGFR and Met inhibitors and further evaluation of resistance mechanisms to EGFR inhibition in the context of active Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Castoldi
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - V Ecker
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - L Wiehle
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - M Majety
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - R Busl-Schuller
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - M Asmussen
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - A Nopora
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - U Jucknischke
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - F Osl
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - S Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W Scheuer
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - M Venturi
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - C Klein
- pRED, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - G Niederfellner
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - C Sustmann
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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Thomas M, Kienast Y, Scheuer W, Bähner M, Kaluza K, Gassner C, Herting F, Brinkmann U, Seeber S, Kavlie A, Welschof M, Ries S, Weidner KM, Regula JT, Klein C. A novel angiopoietin-2 selective fully human antibody with potent anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic efficacy and superior side effect profile compared to Pan-Angiopoietin-1/-2 inhibitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54923. [PMID: 23405099 PMCID: PMC3566157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing experimental evidence for an important role of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in tumor angiogenesis and progression. In addition, Ang-2 is up-regulated in many cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis. To investigate the functional role of Ang-2 inhibition in tumor development and progression, we generated novel fully human antibodies that neutralize specifically the binding of Ang-2 to its receptor Tie2. The selected antibodies LC06 and LC08 recognize both rodent and human Ang-2 with high affinity, but LC06 shows a higher selectivity for Ang-2 over Ang-1 compared to LC08 which can be considered an Ang-2/Ang-1 cross-reactive antibody. Our data demonstrate that Ang-2 blockade results in potent tumor growth inhibition and pronounced tumor necrosis in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. These effects are attended with a reduction of intratumoral microvessel density and tumor vessels characterized by fewer branches and increased pericyte coverage. Furthermore, anti-Ang-2 treatment strongly inhibits the dissemination of tumor cells to the lungs. Interestingly, in contrast to the Ang-2/Ang-1 cross-reactive antibody LC08 that leads to a regression of physiological vessels in the mouse trachea, the inhibition with the selective anti-Ang-2 antibody LC06 appears to be largely restricted to tumor vasculature without obvious effects on normal vasculature. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence for the selective Ang-2 antibody LC06 as promising new therapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas
- Discovery Oncology, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Fluorescent agents with specificity to cellular and subcellular moieties present promise for enhancing diagnostics and theranostics, yet challenges associated with regulatory approvals of experimental agents stifle the clinical translation. As a result, targeted fluorescent agents have remained predominantly as preclinical imaging tools. We discuss the potential of using optically labeled drugs to accelerate the clinical acceptance of optical and optoacoustic agents, in analogy to nuclear medicine approaches. This strategy, corroborated with microdosing studies, outlines a promising approach for overcoming bottlenecks and advancing photonic clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Scheuer
- Oncology Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
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Thomas M, Kienast Y, Scheuer W, Lorenzon E, Herting F, Odin M, Schaefer W, Regula JT, Stubenrauch KG, Klein C. Abstract 2319: Dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF via a novel human bispecific bivalent IgG1 CrossMAb shows potent anti-angiogenic, antitumoral, and antimetastatic efficacy and leads to a reduced side effect profile compared to single therapies. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
VEGF-A blockade has been extensively clinically validated as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of blood vessel remodeling, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. In tumors, Ang-2 is up-regulated and associated with poor prognosis. Recent data demonstrated that Ang-2 inhibitors, both as single agents or in combination with chemo- or anti-VEGF therapy, mediate anti-tumor effects. Additionally, it has been shown that the Ang-2/-1/Tie and the VEGF/VEGFR systems act in complementary ways suggesting that dual targeting may be more effective than targeting each pathway alone. Based on bevacizumab and the Ang-2 selective antibody LC06 we have generated a novel human bispecific bivalent IgG1 CrossMab antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 function simultaneously. Here we show in multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic in vivo models including models (semi-) resistant to anti-VEGF treatment that the systemic application of the Ang-2-VEGF CrossMAb effectively reduces angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a highly selective anti-Ang-2 approach has safety related advantages in this model over an unselective treatment with an antibody targeting Ang-1 and Ang-2 simultaneously. Whereas anti-Ang-1/Ang-2 long-term treatment resulted in regression of healthy vessels in the mouse trachea, an anti-Ang-2 selective treatment did not affect the physiological vessels in the trachea of the mice at all. These results imply a clear differentiation between selective Ang-2 and unselective Ang-1/Ang-2 inhibition. Although anti-tumoral efficacy is retained selective Ang-2 inhibition did not lead to a further impairment of healthy vessels compared to anti-VEGF-A treatment only. Finally, we demonstrate a clear disadvantage of Ang-2 monotherapy compared to Ang-2-VEGF dual inhibition due to strong up-regulation of VEGF resulting not only in revascularization and tumor growth, but also in toxicity with macroscopic evidence of histopathological subcapsular peliosis-like changes in the liver. These pathological effects were inhibited by dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF-A. Taken together, our data indicate that Ang-2 and VEGF-A exhibit angiogenic synergy in a mutually compensatory fashion and that their inhibition via the novel Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab mediates potent anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic efficacy. Additionally the CrossMAb is expected to exhibtit a better side effect profile compared to the respective monotherapies and thereby represents a promising therapeutic agent for the therapy of cancer. These data support the investigation of the Ang-2-VEGF CrossMAb in PhI clinical trials scheduled for 2012.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2319. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2319
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Croasdale R, Wartha K, Schanzer JM, Kuenkele KP, Ries C, Mayer K, Gassner C, Wagner M, Dimoudis N, Herter S, Jaeger C, Ferrara C, Hoffmann E, Kling L, Lau W, Staack RF, Heinrich J, Scheuer W, Stracke J, Gerdes C, Brinkmann U, Umana P, Klein C. Development of tetravalent IgG1 dual targeting IGF-1R-EGFR antibodies with potent tumor inhibition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 526:206-18. [PMID: 22464987 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present novel bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-1R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). For this purpose disulfide stabilized scFv domains of the EGFR/ADCC antibody GA201 were fused via serine-glycine connectors to the C-terminus of the heavy (XGFR2) or light chain (XGFR4), or the N-termini of the light (XGFR5) or heavy chain (XGFR3) of the IGF-1R antibody R1507 as parental IgG1 antibody. The resulting bispecific IGF-1R-EGFR antibodies XGFR2, XGFR3 and XGFR4 were successfully generated with yields and stability comparable to conventional IgG1 antibodies. They effectively inhibited IGF-1R and EGFR phosphorylation and 3D proliferation of H322M and H460M2 tumor cells, induced strong down-modulation of IGF-1R as well as enhanced EGFR down-modulation compared to the parental EGFR antibody GA201 and were ADCC competent. The bispecific XGFR derivatives showed a strong format dependent influence of N- or C-terminal heavy and light chain scFv attachment on ADCC activity and an increase in receptor downregulation over the parental combination in vitro. XGFR2 and XGFR4 were selected for in vivo evaluation and showed potent anti-tumoral efficacy comparable to the combination of monospecific IGF-1R and EGFR antibodies in subcutaneous BxPC3 and H322M xenograft models. In summary, we have managed to overcome issues of stability and productivity of bispecific antibodies, discovered important antibody fusion protein design related differences on ADCC activity and receptor downmodulation and show that IGF-1R-EGFR antibodies represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to simultaneously target two key components de-regulated in multiple cancer types, with the ultimate goal to avoid the formation of resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Croasdale
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany
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Scheuer W, Thomas M, Baehner M, Seeber S, Kettenberger H, Schanzer J, Brinkmann U, Weidner M, Regula J, Klein C. 468 Anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic activity of a tetravalent bispecific antibody (TAvi6) targeting VEGF and Angiopoietin-2. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Thomas M, Scheuer W, Baehner M, Kaluza K, Gassner C, Seeber S, Reiersen H, Kavlie A, Regula J, Klein C. 489 LC06, a novel angiopoietin-2 selective human antibody with potent anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic efficacy in different xenograft models. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Weidle UH, Scheuer W, Eggle D, Klostermann S, Stockinger H. Cancer-related issues of CD147. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2010; 7:157-169. [PMID: 20551248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 is involved in many physiological functions, such as lymphocyte responsiveness, spermatogenesis, implantation, fertilization and neurological functions at early stages of development. Here we specifically review the role of CD147 in cancer. We focus on the following aspects: expression of CD147 in malignant versus normal tissues and its possible impact on prognosis, interaction of tumor cell-expressed CD147 with stroma cells and induction of matrix metalloproteinases, as well as the role of CD147 in tumor angiogenesis. The function of CD147 in supercomplexes with monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and amino acid transporters such as CD98hc and large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), as well as the functional contribution of CD147 in complexes with caveolin-1 and integrins, is discussed. Target validation experiments making use of CD147-directed RNAi and monoclonal antibodies are summarized. Finally, the relevance of CD147 as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Diagnostics, Division Pharma, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany.
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Scheuer W, Friess T, Burtscher H, Bossenmaier B, Endl J, Hasmann M. Strongly Enhanced Antitumor Activity of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Combination Treatment on HER2-Positive Human Xenograft Tumor Models. Cancer Res 2009; 69:9330-6. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Scheuer W, Friess T, Hasmann M. 213 POSTER Enhanced antitumour effect by combination of HER2-targeting antibodies with bevacizumab in a human breast cancer xenograft model. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Friess T, Scheuer W, Hasmann M. Erlotinib antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer models is independent of HER1 and HER2 overexpression. Anticancer Res 2006; 26:3505-12. [PMID: 17094474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human epidermal growth factor receptors HER1/EGFR and HER2 offer potential targets for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The antitumor efficacy of erlotinib (Tarceva, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), a HER1/EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, was investigated in relation to HER1/EGFR and HER2 expression in five NSCLC xenograft models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor-bearing mice were randomized to daily oral erlotinib, 50 mg/kg, or vehicle (controls) for 20-50 days. The antitumor efficacy of erlotinib was measured through tumor volume, serum tumor markers and tumor biomarkers. Tumor HER1/EGFR and HER2 expression were analyzed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Erlotinib reduced tumor volume in three NSCLC models. It also reduced serum tumor marker levels and the extent of inhibition correlated with tumor growth inhibition. HER1/EGFR and HER2 expression differed between the five tumor models, suggesting that expression level does not predict response to treatment. CONCLUSION Erlotinib showed differing antitumor activity in five NSCLC models, suggesting that its antitumor effect is independent of HER1/EGFR and HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Friess
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Pharma Research Penzberg, Department of Pharmacology TR-PD2, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany.
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Abstract
In many solid tumors, overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptors (e.g., HER1/EGFR and HER2) correlates with poor prognosis. Erlotinib (Tarceva) is a potent HER1/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Pertuzumab (Omnitarg), a novel HER2-specific, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody, prevents heterodimerization of HER2 with other HERs. Both mechanisms disrupt signaling pathways, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. We evaluated whether inhibition of both mechanisms is superior to monotherapy in tumor cell lines expressing different HER levels. Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (Calu-3: HER1/EGFR 0+, HER2 3+; QG56: HER1/EGFR 2-3+, HER2 0+) and breast cancer cells (KPL-4: HER1/EGFR 2-3+, HER2 3+) were implanted into BALB/c nu/nu mice and severe combined immunodeficient beige mice, respectively. Tumor-bearing mice (n = 12 or 15 per group) were treated with vehicle (Captisol or buffer), erlotinib (orally, 50 mg/kg/d), pertuzumab (i.p. 6 mg/kg/wk with a 2-fold loading dose), or erlotinib and pertuzumab for 20 (QG56), 27 (KPL-4), or 49 (Calu-3) days. Drug monotherapy had antitumor activity in all models. Tumor volume treatment-to-control ratios (TCR) with erlotinib were 0.36 (Calu-3), 0.79 (QG56), and 0.51 (KPL-4). Pertuzumab TCR values were 0.42, 0.51, and 0.64 in Calu-3, QG56, and KPL-4 models, respectively. Combination treatment resulted in additive (QG56: TCR 0.39; KPL-4: TCR 0.38) or greater than additive (Calu-3: TCR 0.12) antitumor activity. Serum tumor markers for NSCLC (Cyfra 21.1) and breast cancer (soluble HER2) were markedly inhibited by combination treatment (80-97% in Calu-3 and QG56; 92% in KPL-4), correlating with decreased tumor volume. Overall, erlotinib and pertuzumab are active against various human xenograft models, independently of HER1/EGFR or HER2 expression. A combination of these HER-targeted agents resulted in additive or greater than additive antitumor activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/veterinary
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/veterinary
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/veterinary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Friess
- Department of Pharmacology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
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Friess T, Juchem R, Scheuer W, Hasmann M. P-610 Growth inhibition of NSCLC xenografts by erlotinib is independent of HER1/2 overexpression and can reliably be monitored by serum tumor markers. Lung Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(03)92577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Nuclear receptor (NR) agonists induce activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) through an yet unknown rapid non-genomic mechanism. Vice versa, NR are targets for phosphorylation by MAPK. By multiple alignment of the amino acid sequences and comparative analysis of the secondary and tertiary structures we identified four peptides in MAPK with similarity to bona fide protein-protein-interaction motifs in NR. In both molecule species, these motifs mediate selective docking to dimerization partners, coregulators or phosphoacceptors. We therefore propose that similar motifs may direct the site-specific association of NR with MAPK. Based on mutual allosteric interactions within a kinase-receptor complex, we discuss a novel principle how NR-agonists may regulate kinase activity and thus expression of hormone-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, I-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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Mathy NL, Scheuer W, Lanzendörfer M, Honold K, Ambrosius D, Norley S, Kurth R. Interleukin-16 stimulates the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Immunology 2000; 100:63-9. [PMID: 10809960 PMCID: PMC2326980 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) acts as a chemoattractant for CD4+ cells, as a modulator of T-cell activation, and plays a key role in asthma. This report describes the cytokine-inducing effects of IL-16 on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and PBMC subpopulations. While CD4+ T lymphocytes did not secrete cytokines in response to rhIL-16, CD14+ CD4+ monocytes and maturing macrophages secrete IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-15 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) upon rhIL-16 stimulation. The mRNA species for these four cytokines were detected as early as 4 hr post-stimulation, with protein being secreted by 24 hr. Secretion of IL-1beta and IL-6 by total PBMC was dose dependent, with maximal secretion being observed using 50 ng/ml rhIL-16. However, for IL-15 or TNF-alpha maximal secretion by total PBMC occurred with all concentrations between 5 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml rhIL-16. Purified monocytes/macrophages secreted maximal concentrations of all four cytokines in the presence of 500 ng/ml rhIL-16, except for monocytes where maximal secretion of IL-15 was, interestingly, observed with only 50 ng/ml rhIL-16. The use of higher concentrations of rhIL-16 (1000 ng/ml) inhibited secretion of all four cytokines. While these IL-16-induced cytokines are likely to be involved in the immune system's response to antigen, the data suggest that IL-16 may play a key role in initiating and/or sustaining an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Mathy
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany and Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Pharma Research, Penzberg, Germany
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31
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Tibes U, Röhr SP, Scheuer W, Amandi-Burgermeister E, Litters A. Suppression of acute experimental inflammation by antisense oligonucleotides targeting secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in vitro and in vivo experiments. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 469:199-207. [PMID: 10667331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In HepG2 cells phosphorothioate modified antisense oligonucleotides against a sequence in the Ca2+ binding domain (AS-Ca2+) of type II sPLA2 mRNA restrained IL-6-induced synthesis of sPLA2 protein, sPLA2 mRNA (northern blot), and abolished IL-6 stimulated PGE2 release. An antisense oligonucleotide corresponding to a sequence in the catalytic domain (AS-Cat) of sPLA2 was less effective. The antisense oligonucleotides did not affect albumin synthesis in HepG2 cells, additionally demonstrating their specificity. The corresponding AS-Ca2+ against a homologous part of the rat sPLA2 mRNA depressed rat carrageenin oedema for 60-70%. Identical suppression was achieved by specific low molecular weight inhibitors of sPLA2. Since cyclo- and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors exerted similar reductions of carrageenin oedema type II sPLA2 dependent eicosanoid formation seems to be a key cascade in this type of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Tibes
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Dept. of Preclinical Research, Mannheim
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32
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Tibes U, Hinder M, Scheuer W, Friebe WG, Schramm S, Kaiser B. Phospholipase A2 is involved in chemotaxis of human leukocytes. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 469:189-97. [PMID: 10667330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Tibes
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Dept. of Preclinical Research, Mannheim
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33
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Zapf S, Wunder A, Anke T, Klostermeyer D, Steglich W, Shan R, Sterner O, Scheuer W. (+)-10α-Hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one, a New Inhibitor of Leukotriene Biosynthesis from a Favolaschia Species. Comparison with Other Sesquiterpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1996-7-806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, (+)-10α-hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one (1), was isolated from fermentations of Favolaschia sp. 87129. Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods. The compound exhibited no antifungal or antibacterial activities.
The effects of 1 on leukotriene biosynthesis were compared with (+)-T-cadinol, (-)-3-oxo-T-cadinol, and (+)-3a-hydroxy-T-cadinol, three related sesquiterpenes.
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Zapf S, Wunder A, Anke T, Klostermeyer D, Steglich W, Shan R, Sterner O, Scheuer W. (+)-10 alpha-Hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one, a new inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis from a Favolaschia species. Comparison with other sesquiterpenes. Z NATURFORSCH C 1996; 51:487-91. [PMID: 8810091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, (+)-10 alpha-hydroxy-4-muurolen-3-one (1), was isolated from fermentations of Favolaschia sp. 87129. Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods. The compound exhibited no antifungal or antibacterial activities. The effects of 1 on leukotriene biosynthesis were compared with (+)-T-cadinol, (-)-3-oxo-T-cadinol, and (+)-3 alpha-hydroxy-T-cadinol, three related sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zapf
- LB Biotechnologie der Universität, Kaiserslautern, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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35
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Thierse HJ, Friebe WG, Scheuer W, Voelter W, Tibes U. Evidence for activation of cyclooxygenase-1/-2 by endogenous nitric oxide in adjuvant arthritic Lewis rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 416:343-8. [PMID: 9131171 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0179-8_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Thierse
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Department of Preclinical Research, Mannheim, Germany
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36
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Lorenzen K, Anke T, Konetschny-Rapp S, Scheuer W. 5-Hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone -a New Inhibitor of Human Synovial Phospholipase A 2 and Platelet Aggregation from Fermentations of a Calyptella Species (Basidiomycetes). Z NATURFORSCH C 1995. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1995-5-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
5-Hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone, a potent and selective inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2 was isolated from fermentations of a Calyptella species. Its structure as identified by spectroscopic methods is identical to PA 147, an antibiotic previously isolated from a streptomycete. 5-hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone inhibits the aggregation of human and bovine platelets stimulated by different inducers and exhibits weak antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Lorenzen
- LB Biotechnologie der Universität. D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
| | - Timm Anke
- LB Biotechnologie der Universität. D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
| | | | - Werner Scheuer
- Boehringer Mannheim. D-68305 Mannheim, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Lorenzen K, Anke T, Konetschny-Rapp S, Scheuer W. 5-hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone--a new inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2 and platelet aggregation from fermentations of a Calyptella species (basidiomycetes). Z NATURFORSCH C 1995; 50:403-9. [PMID: 7546033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone, a potent and selective inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2 was isolated from fermentations of a Calyptella species. Its structure as identified by spectroscopic methods is identical to PA 147, an antibiotic previously isolated from a streptomycete. 5-hydroxy-3-vinyl-2(5H)-furanone inhibits the aggregation of human and bovine platelets stimulated by different inducers and exhibits weak antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lorenzen
- LB Biotechnologie der Universität, Kaiserslautern, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Tibes U, Vondran A, Rodewald E, Friebe WG, Schäfer W, Scheuer W. Inhibition of allergic and non-allergic inflammation by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 107:432-4. [PMID: 7613203 DOI: 10.1159/000237070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U Tibes
- Department of Preclinical Research, Boehringer Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
Stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes with lipopolysaccharide results in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2 correlating with an increase in phospholipase A2 activity. Mammalian cells contain several phospholipase A2 isoforms including the 14-kDa secretory isoform and the more recently described high-molecular-mass cytosolic isoform. It is commonly believed that during inflammatory responses secretory phospholipase A2 becomes activated. However, we could not detect secretory phospholipase A2 nor its corresponding mRNA after lipopolysaccharide-induced activation. By contrast, we found increased mRNA levels for cytosolic phospholipase A2 following activation of peripheral blood leukocytes when levels were compared to non-stimulated controls. Our results demonstrate that cytosolic phospholipase A2, rather than the secretory isoform may be the mediator of the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cascade in human peripheral blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodewald
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Penzberg, Germany
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Laatsch H, Kellner M, Wolf G, Lee YS, Hansske F, Konetschny-Rapp S, Pessara U, Scheuer W, Stockinger H. Oligomycin F, a new immunosuppressive homologue of oligomycin A. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:1334-41. [PMID: 8226311 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligomycin F, a new homologue of oligomycin A (1), was isolated from a Streptomyces species and structure 2 was deduced by NMR methods. Compound 2 is highly active against plant pathogenic fungi and is an extremely potent suppressive agent for various immunological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laatsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Weissenhorn W, Scheuer W, Kaluza B, Schwirzke M, Reiter C, Flieger D, Lenz H, Weiss EH, Rieber EP, Riethmüller G. Combinatorial functions of two chimeric antibodies directed to human CD4 and one directed to the alpha-chain of the human interleukin-2 receptor. Gene 1992; 121:271-8. [PMID: 1446824 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The general feasibility of chimerization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has already been shown for a large number of them. In order to evaluate in vitro parameters relevant to immunosuppressive therapy, we have chimerized and synthesized two anti-CD4 mAbs recognizing two different epitopes on the human T-lymphocyte antigen, CD4. The chimerized mAbs are produced at levels corresponding to those of the original hybridoma cell lines. With respect to activation of human complement, the individual Abs are negative; however, when used in combination, complement activation was performed. When applied in combination, they were found to modulate the CD4 antigen, whereas the individual mAb do not display this property. Individually they mediate an up to 60% inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). However, by combination of an anti-CD4 mAb with one directed against the alpha-chain of the human IL2 receptor, nearly 100% inhibition of the MLR was achieved, even with reduced dosage of the mAbs. Our data suggest that the combination of an anti-CD4 mAb and an anti-IL2R alpha chain mAb is more effective with respect to immunosuppression than each mAb by itself, indicating that this mAb cocktail could be a new strategy for immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Weissenhorn
- Institut für Immunologie, Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Kubbies M, Goller B, Russmann E, Stockinger H, Scheuer W. Complex Ca2+ flux inhibition as primary mechanism of staurosporine-induced impairment of T cell activation. Eur J Immunol 1989; 19:1393-8. [PMID: 2570702 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830190807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of the highly effective drug staurosporine on the early activation signal Ca2+ flux was investigated via multiparameter flow cytometry in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Staurosporine has been reported to be a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. However, we show that it inhibits the Ca2+ influx in anti-CD3 and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes at concentrations between 1.0 and 10.0 ng/ml. Staurosporine decreases the number of Ca2+-positive CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as the Ca2+ influx per cell; the drug also delays the time of the maximum response to polyclonal stimulation. In addition, we demonstrate that staurosporine affects the primary Ca2+ response via inhibition of the release of the membrane-bound Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Binding studies of the anti-CD3 antibody to T lymphocytes indicate normal binding capacities in the presence of staurosporine. With respect to the classical scheme of T cell activation via phospholipase C, our data suggest that staurosporine may inhibit T cell activation primarily by its effect on the early Ca2+ flux signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kubbies
- Research Center, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Penzberg, FRG
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Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Thus, the pharmacological intervention of PLA2 activity by specific inhibitors is of great therapeutical value in ameliorating pathological conditions. Despite a great number of published data regarding PLA2 inhibitors none has reached clinical application. Since enzyme activity can be greatly influenced by the experimental conditions of the test system used, a potent in vitro enzyme inhibitor does not indicate therapeutic effectiveness per se. In order to enhance the predictable value of an in vitro screening system for PLA2 inhibitors, a battery of test systems each measuring certain parameters should be applied. Considering the complex mechanism(s) of PLA2 it is extremely important to elucidate the exact inhibition mechanism of those compounds, which have passed these first filters. True inhibitors of PLA2 should then be evaluated in suitable ex vivo, in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scheuer
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Forschung Biochemie, Penzberg
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Biesert L, Scheuer W, Bessler WG. Interaction of mitogenic bacterial lipoprotein and a synthetic analogue with mouse lymphocytes. Isolation and characterization of binding proteins. Eur J Biochem 1987; 162:651-7. [PMID: 3549292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli constitutes a potent mitogen and polyclonal activator for B lymphocytes of different species. The binding of lipoprotein to murine spleen cells was investigated using water-soluble 125I-labelled citraconylated lipoprotein from E. coli B/r. Our results indicate that the binding of this B-cell mitogen to splenocytes is a saturable, time- and dose-dependent, reversible process; about 9.7 X 10(8) lipoprotein molecules were bound to each cell. The mechanism of the binding of lipoprotein to lymphocytes was investigated by using the synthetic analogue of its N-terminal part, S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteinyl-( S)-seryl- (S)-seryl-(S)-asparaginyl-(S)-alanine (tripalmitoyl pentapeptide). This compound had been shown by us previously to be the molecular part of lipoprotein responsible for mitogenicity and exhibited, in all experiments performed, a stimulatory activity towards B lymphocytes comparable, or even superior, to native lipoprotein. Binding proteins for the synthetic N-terminus were enriched by affinity chromatography, using an affinity column prepared by coupling the mitogenic compound to CPG-aminopropyl controlled-pore glass beads by the carbodiimide method. [3H]Leucine-labelled murine spleen cells were solubilized by the nonionic detergent NP40 and applied to the affinity adsorbent. Proteins bound to the column were selectively eluted by a solution of tripalmitoyl pentapeptide, and the fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Our results indicate the presence of a major binding protein of Mr 35000 on mouse primary lymphocytes for the biologically active N-terminal structure of lipoprotein, which might play a role as membrane receptor in mitogenic B lymphocyte activation.
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Scheuer W. [Our master exams. Discussion of test samples, September 1970]. Osterr Zahntech Handwerk 1971; 16:30-4. [PMID: 5291777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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