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Johansen MD, Irving A, Montagutelli X, Tate MD, Rudloff I, Nold MF, Hansbro NG, Kim RY, Donovan C, Liu G, Faiz A, Short KR, Lyons JG, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD, Cole A, Moreno C, Couteur D, Hesselson D, Triccas J, Neely GG, Gamble JR, Simpson SJ, Saunders BM, Oliver BG, Britton WJ, Wark PA, Nold-Petry CA, Hansbro PM. Animal and translational models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:877-891. [PMID: 32820248 PMCID: PMC7439637 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is causing a major once-in-a-century global pandemic. The scientific and clinical community is in a race to define and develop effective preventions and treatments. The major features of disease are described but clinical trials have been hampered by competing interests, small scale, lack of defined patient cohorts and defined readouts. What is needed now is head-to-head comparison of existing drugs, testing of safety including in the background of predisposing chronic diseases, and the development of new and targeted preventions and treatments. This is most efficiently achieved using representative animal models of primary infection including in the background of chronic disease with validation of findings in primary human cells and tissues. We explore and discuss the diverse animal, cell and tissue models that are being used and developed and collectively recapitulate many critical aspects of disease manifestation in humans to develop and test new preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Irving
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, ZJU International Campus, Haining, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Montagutelli
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - I Rudloff
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - M F Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - N G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A Faiz
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - K R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J G Lyons
- Centenary Institute and Dermatology, The University of Sydney and Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Cole
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Moreno
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Research Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hesselson
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Triccas
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - G G Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J R Gamble
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, and Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Research Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Sydney, Australia
| | - B M Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - B G Oliver
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - W J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney and Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C A Nold-Petry
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Laissue P, Lakhal B, Vatin M, Batista F, Burgio G, Dos Santos E, Buffat C, Sierra-Diaz A, Renault G, Montagutelli X, Salmon J, Monget P, Veitia R, Méhats C, Fellous M, Cocquet J, Vaiman D, Gris JC. P-015: Association of FOXD1 variants with pregnancy failures in mice and humans. Thromb Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(17)30113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tokuda S, Do Valle TZ, Batista L, Simon-Chazottes D, Guillemot L, Bouloy M, Flamand M, Montagutelli X, Panthier JJ. The genetic basis for susceptibility to Rift Valley fever disease in MBT/Pas mice. Genes Immun 2015; 16:206-12. [PMID: 25569261 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The large variation in individual response to infection with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) suggests that host genetic determinants play a role in determining virus-induced disease outcomes. These genetic factors are still unknown. The systemic inoculation of mice with RVFV reproduces major pathological features of severe human disease, notably the hepatitis and encephalitis. A genome scan performed on 546 (BALB/c × MBT) F2 progeny identified three quantitative trait loci (QTLs), denoted Rvfs-1 to Rvfs-3, that were associated with disease susceptibility in MBT/Pas mice. Non-parametric interval-mapping revealed one significant and two suggestive linkages with survival time on chromosomes 2 (Rvfs-1), 5 (Rvfs-3) and 11 (Rvfs-2) with respective logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 4.58, 2.95 and 2.99. The two-part model, combining survival time and survival/death, identified one significant linkage to Rvfs-2 and one suggestive linkage to Rvfs-1 with respective LOD scores of 5.12 and 4.55. Under a multiple model, with additive effects and sex as a covariate, the three QTLs explained 8.3% of the phenotypic variance. Sex had the strongest influence on susceptibility. The contribution of Rvfs-1, Rvfs-2 and Rvfs-3 to survival time of RVFV-infected mice was further confirmed in congenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tokuda
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - T Z Do Valle
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France [3] Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - L Batista
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IFD, Paris, France
| | - D Simon-Chazottes
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - L Guillemot
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - M Bouloy
- Institut Pasteur, Bunyaviruses Molecular Genetics, Paris, France
| | - M Flamand
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology, Paris, France
| | - X Montagutelli
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France
| | - J-J Panthier
- 1] Institut Pasteur, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Department, Mouse functional Genetics, Paris, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Paris, France
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Lemarchandel V, Montagutelli X. La recombinaison homologue : de nouvelles perspectives pour la transgenèse chez les mammifères. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Santos J, González-Sánchez L, Villa-Morales M, Ors I, López-Nieva P, Vaquero C, González-Gugel E, Fernández-Navarro P, Roncero AM, Guenet JL, Montagutelli X, Fernández-Piqueras J. The stromal gene encoding the CD274 antigen as a genetic modifier controlling survival of mice with γ-radiation-induced T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Oncogene 2010; 29:5265-73. [PMID: 20639904 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using an inter-specific subcongenic strain, Nested Recombinant Haplotype 3 (NRH3), generated between two mouse strains showing extreme differences in γ-radiation-induced thymic lymphoma susceptibility (SEG/Pas and C57BL/6J), we have identified a critical region on chromosome 19 that regulates survival of mice suffering from T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Mapped on this region, the gene encoding the Cd274 ligand is able to trigger an inhibitory effect that modulates T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling and affects thymocyte maturation. Interestingly, this gene shows differential expression between thymic stromal cells from both strains in early response to a single sublethal γ-ray dose, but is inhibited in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Furthermore, we have identified several polymorphisms in the complementary DNA sequence of this gene that affect the affinity for its Cd279 receptor and are able to induce a differential rate of thymocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our data are consistent with Cd274 acting as a genetic modifier that influences the survival of γ-radiation-induced T-cell lymphoma-bearing mice. The data similarly support the idea of a co-evolution of tumour cells and associated stromal cells to generate a favourable microenvironment for T-cell lymphoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santos
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autínoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The standardized nomenclature of rodent strains, genes and mutations has long been the focus of careful attention. Its aim is to provide proper designation of laboratory animals used in research projects and to convey as much information on each strain as possible. Since the development of different techniques to mutate the genome of laboratory rodents on a large scale, the correct application of current nomenclature systems is of increased significance. It facilitates not only the accurate communication of scientific results but is indispensable in controlling the dramatically increased number of transgenic animal models in experimental units, archives and databases. It is regrettable that many publications, especially on transgenic rodents, use vague and inappropriate strain designation. This situation should definitely be improved, particularly considering the increasingly emphasized importance of genetic background on the phenotype of mutations. The aim of these guidelines is to raise awareness about specific features of production and of the current nomenclature system used for transgenic rodents.
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Abitbol M, Puy H, Sabaté JM, Guénet JL, Deybach JC, Montagutelli X. Ursodesoxycholic acid and heme-arginate are unable to improve hematopoiesis and liver injury in an erythropoietic protoporphyria mouse model. Physiol Res 2007; 55 Suppl 2:S93-101. [PMID: 17298226 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930000.55.s2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis caused by partial ferrochelatase deficiency, resulting in protoporphyrin overproduction which is responsible for painful skin photosensitivity. Chronic liver disease is the most severe complication of EPP, requiring liver transplantation in some patients. Data from a mouse model suggest that cytotoxic bile formation with high concentrations of bile salts and protoporphyrin may cause biliary fibrosis by damaging bile duct epithelium. In humans, cholestasis is a result of intracellular and canalicular precipitation of protoporphyrin. To limit liver damage two strategies may be considered: the first is to reduce protoporphyrin production and the second is to enhance protoporphyrin excretion. Bile salts are known to increase protoporphyrin excretion via the bile, while heme arginate is used to decrease the production of porphyrins in acute attacks of hepatic porphyrias. The Griseofulvin-induced protoporphyria mouse model has been used to study several aspects of human protoporphyria including the effects of bile salts. However, the best EPP animal model is an ethylnitrosourea-induced point mutation with fully recessive transmission, named ferrochelatase deficiency (Fech(m1Pas)). Here we investigate the effect of early ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration and heme-arginate injections on the ferrochelatase deficient EPP mouse model. In this model UDCA administration and heme-arginate injections do not improve the protoporphyric condition of Fech(m1Pas)/Fech(m1Pas) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abitbol
- Unité de Génétique des Mammiferes, Institut Pasteur, Paris cedex 15, France
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Montagutelli X. Effect of the genetic background on the phenotype of mouse mutations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11 Suppl 16:S101-5. [PMID: 11065339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of scientific articles report that the phenotype of a given single gene mutation in mice is modulated by the genetic background of the inbred strain in which the mutation is maintained. This effect is attributable to so-called modifier genes, which act in combination with the causative gene. The modulation of the phenotype can be major, as exemplified in the case of several mouse models of polycystic kidney disease. Because of the existence of inbred strains and the possibility of developing congenic strains, the effect of the genetic background can be analyzed in mice, including the identification of major modifier genes. Furthermore, by transferring a given mutation into different genetic backgrounds, mouse models can be manipulated with the aim of more accurately mimicking specific features of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Fontanellas A, Mazurier F, Landry M, Taine L, Morel C, Larou M, Daniel JY, Montagutelli X, de Salamanca RE, de Verneuil H. Reversion of hepatobiliary alterations By bone marrow transplantation in a murine model of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Hepatology 2000; 32:73-81. [PMID: 10869291 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2000.8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is characterized clinically by cutaneous photosensitivity and biochemically by the accumulation of excessive amounts of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes, plasma, feces, and other tissues, such as the liver. The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait, with a deficiency of ferrochelatase activity. A major concern in EPP patients is the development of cholestasis with accumulation of protoporphyrin in hepatobiliary structures and progressive cellular damage, which can rapidly lead to fatal hepatic failure. The availability of a mouse model for the disease, the Fech(m1Pas)/Fech(m1Pas) mutant mouse, allowed us to test a cellular therapy protocol to correct the porphyric phenotype. When Fech/Fech mice received bone marrow cells from normal animals, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in red blood cells and plasma was reduced 10-fold but still remained 2.5 times above normal levels. Interestingly, in very young animals, bone marrow transplantation can prevent hepatobiliary complications as well as hepatocyte alterations and partially reverse protoporphyrin accumulation in the liver. Bone marrow transplantation may be an option for EPP patients who are at risk of developing hepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fontanellas
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Mol¿eculaire et Th¿erapie G¿enique, Universit¿e Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France
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Abstract
Alkaptonuria (aku), an inborn error of metabolism caused by the loss of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), has been described in a mouse model created by ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis but the mutation in these mice has not previously been identified. We used RT-PCR to amplify the Hgd cDNA from Hgd(aku)/Hgd(aku) mice. Two products shorter than the wild-type product were amplified. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing were then used to identify the Hgd(aku) mouse mutation, found to be a single base change in a splice donor consensus sequence, causing exon skipping and frame-shifted products. This base change allowed us to create a non-radioactive genotyping assay for this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manning
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
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Abstract
Lanceolate hair-J (lahJ) arose spontaneously in 1994 on the DBA/1LacJ inbred background at The Jackson Laboratory. Mutant mice were runted, alopecic, and lacked vibrissae. As they aged, their skin wrinkled. Affected mice developed a noninflammatory, proliferative skin disease with follicular dystrophy. Hair fibers developed a number of abnormalities including periodic nodules along the shaft (trichorrhexis nodosa), compaction resembling trichorrhexis invaginata, spiral fractures, broken tips, and lance-shaped tips. This mutation exhibits some characteristics that resemble an autosomal recessive ichthyosiform disease that occurs in humans characterized in part by peculiar, invaginating, multinodal, hair shaft abnormalities known as Netherton's syndrome. Periodic nodules also resemble the human genetic based disease monilethrix. This autosomal recessive mouse mutation, allelic with lanceolate hair (lah), based on breeding studies, is located on mouse Chromosome 18, within a cluster of genes coding for adhesion molecules. Homozygotes for either of these allelic mouse mutations have elevated serum IgE levels, a feature also common with human Netherton's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609-1500, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kress
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Santiago ML, Mary C, Parzy D, Jacquet C, Montagutelli X, Parkhouse RM, Lemoine R, Izui S, Reininger L. Linkage of a major quantitative trait locus to Yaa gene-induced lupus-like nephritis in (NZW x C57BL/6)F1 mice. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:4257-67. [PMID: 9862363 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199812)28:12<4257::aid-immu4257>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we mapped the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) differing between the NZW and C57BL/6 inbred strains of mice by making use of (NZW x C57BL/6.Yaa)F1 mice, a model in which the lupus-like autoimmune syndrome observed in male mice is associated with the presence of an as yet unidentified Y chromosome-linked autoimmune acceleration gene, Yaa. Linkage analysis of 126 C57BL/6 x (NZW x C57BL/6.Yaa)F1 backcross males provided evidence for a major QTL on chromosome 7 controlling both the severity of glomerulonephritis and the production of IgG anti-DNA autoantibody and retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complexes. Two additional QTL of C57BL/6 origin on chromosome 17 had no apparent individual effects, but showed strong epistatic interaction with chromosome 7 QTL for disease severity and anti-DNA autoantibody production. Our data also identified on chromosome 13 a QTL of NZW origin with a major effect on the level of gp70, and showing an additive effect with the chromosome 7 QTL on the level of gp70 immune complexes. Our study thus provides a model to dissect the complex genetic interactions that result in manifestations of murine lupus-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Santiago
- INSERM U399, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects) occurs with a high frequency in the mouse inbred strain HLG compared with C57BL/6J mice. The risk of gastroschisis increases significantly after exposure to irradiation with X-rays during preimplantation development and follows a recessive mode of inheritance for the HLG susceptibility alleles. We have used a backcross strategy and genome-wide microsatellite typing to chromosomally map this trait. A suggestive linkage for a locus responsible for radiation-induced gastroschisis (Rigs1) was found in a region of mouse Chromosome 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hillebrandt
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr.55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Colnot C, Ripoche MA, Milon G, Montagutelli X, Crocker PR, Poirier F. Maintenance of granulocyte numbers during acute peritonitis is defective in galectin-3-null mutant mice. Immunology 1998; 94:290-6. [PMID: 9767409 PMCID: PMC1364244 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3, also known as the macrophage marker Mac-2, is a member of a family of structurally related animal lectins that exhibit specificity for beta-galactosides. In order to investigate the role of galectin-3 in acute inflammation, we have compared the number of leucocytes present in the peritoneal cavity of wild type and galectin-3 null mutant mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thioglycolate broth. At day 1 after injection, we found no difference in the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes and granulocytes to the peritoneal cavity. However, 4 days after thioglycolate injection, galectin-3 mutant mice exhibited a significantly reduced number of recoverable granulocytes compared to wild-type animals. As mutant granulocytes did not exhibit an accelerated rate of apoptosis and their uptake by macrophages appeared to be unaffected by the mutation, the phenotype described here suggests that galectin-3 participates in an additional level of control during the resolution of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Colnot
- Unité INSERM 257 ICGM, Paris, France
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Rhodes M, Straw R, Fernando S, Evans A, Lacey T, Dearlove A, Greystrong J, Walker J, Watson P, Weston P, Kelly M, Taylor D, Gibson K, Mundy C, Bourgade F, Poirier C, Simon D, Brunialti AL, Montagutelli X, Gu'enet JL, Haynes A, Brown SD. A high-resolution microsatellite map of the mouse genome. Genome Res 1998; 8:531-42. [PMID: 9582196 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.5.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The European Collaborative Interspecific Backcross (EUCIB) resource was constructed for the purposes of high-resolution genetic mapping of the mouse genome (). The large Mus spretus/C57BL/6 backcross of 982 progeny has a genetic resolution of 0.3 cM at the 95% confidence level ( approximately 500 kb in the mouse genome). We have used the EUCIB mapping resource to develop a genome-wide high-resolution genetic map incorporating 3368 microsatellites. The microsatellites are distributed among 2302 genetically separated bins with 1.46 markers per bin on average. Average bin separation is 0.61 cM. This high-resolution genetic map will aid the construction of a robust physical map of the mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhodes
- United Kingdom Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP) Resource Centre, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
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Montagutelli X, Lalouette A, Boulouis HJ, Guénet JL, Sundberg JP. Vesicle formation and follicular root sheath separation in mice homozygous for deleterious alleles at the balding (bal) locus. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:324-8. [PMID: 9284099 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12335844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The balding (bal) mutation of the mouse is an autosomal recessive mutation that causes alopecia and immunologic anomalies. A new allele was identified by allelism testing after using an interspecific backcross to localize the mutation to the centromeric end of mouse chromosome 18. We investigated the skin and hair histologic lesions of two alleles (bal(J) and bal(Pas)) at this locus and analyzed the expression of several keratinocyte markers and the production of autoantibodies by immunofluorescence on frozen skin sections. The lesions observed included separation of the inner and outer root sheath in anagen follicles resulting in the hair fiber being very easily plucked from the follicle. Vesicles on the ventral tongue, mucocutaneous junction of the eyelid, foot pads, and rarely in skin were also evident. Separation occurred between the basal and suprabasilar cells forming an empty cleft, resembling that observed in human pemphigus vulgaris. Immunofluorescence studies did not reveal the presence of tissue-bound or circulating autoantibodies. Expression of keratinocyte markers in hair follicles was normal. Keratin 6-positive cells were found on either side of the follicular separation suggesting a molecular defect in adhesion molecules between the inner layer of the outer root sheath cells to layers on either sides. This hypothesis has been confirmed by another group who demonstrated that the bal(J) mutation is due to the insertion of a thymidine in the desmoglein 3 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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19
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Montagutelli X, Guénet JL. [Animal models of hereditary diseases]. Rev Prat 1997; 47:162-8. [PMID: 9157514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of genetic diseases are found both in humans and in one or several animal species. The mouse is a species of choice since, in addition to hundreds of spontaneous mutations which have been described, it is now possible to produce at will a mutation in any gene. This strategy has been used to generate genetically engineered mice which carry genetic defects found in human molecular pathology. Animal models are an invaluable tool to study the pathophysiology of diseases and to test new therapies. However, they are rarely exact replicates of the human disease. Possible origins for these differences are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de génétique des mammiféres, Institut Pasteur, Paris
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20
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Abstract
Strong deviation of allele frequencies from Mendelian inheritance favoring Mus spretus-derived alleles has been described previously for X-linked loci in four mouse interspecific crosses. We reanalyzed data for three of these crosses focusing on the location of the gene(s) controlling deviation on the X chromosome and the genetic basis for incomplete deviation. At least two loci control deviation on the X chromosome, one near Xist (the candidate gene controlling X inactivation) and the other more centromerically located. In all three crosses, strong epistasis was found between loci near Xist and marker loci on the central portion of chromosome 2. The mechanism for this deviation from Mendelian expectations is not yet known but it is probably based on lethality of embryos carrying particular combinations of alleles rather than true segregation distortion during oogenesis in F1 hybrid females.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammiferes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Lalouette A, Lablack A, Guenet JL, Montagutelli X, Segretain D. Male sterility caused by sperm cell-specific structural abnormalities in ebouriffé, a new mutation of the house mouse. Biol Reprod 1996; 55:355-63. [PMID: 8828840 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod55.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the male sterility associated with a new recessive mutation of the house mouse: ébouriffé (ebo). All spermatozoa present in the epididymis showed severe malformations, mostly of the tail. Light and electron microscopy showed a drastic decrease of the spermatid population, whereas spermatogonia and spermatocytes seemed moderately affected. This suggests that the mutation affects mostly spermiogenesis. Defects appeared during formation of the acrosome: the acrosomal granule was frequently vacuolated at stages II-III, giving rise first to abnormal acrosomes (stages VI-VII) with dilations and perforations, and then to an abnormal head and acrosome shape (stages IX-XI). However, the most common malformations affected the flagella in elongated spermatids. Sometimes the centriole doublet did not move into the implantation fossa, causing an unattached and isolated flagellum. The major defect occurred in the midpiece region of differentiating spermatozoa: flagellar components were present but highly disorganized, and mitochondria were aggregated in a compact mass. Even though we have no evidence that the ebo gene is a testis structural gene or a regulatory gene that disrupts the complex spermatogenesis process, this mutation may provide an interesting tool for studying the late stages of spermatogenesis. Using an interspecific backcross, we localized the ebo mutation on chromosome 2, with no recombination out of 44 meioses with locus D2Mit32.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lalouette
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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22
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Montagutelli X, Hogan ME, Aubin G, Lalouette A, Guénet JL, King LE, Sundberg JP. Lanceolate hair (lah): a recessive mouse mutation with alopecia and abnormal hair. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 107:20-5. [PMID: 8752833 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12297438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new autosomal recessive mutation of the house mouse developed generalized alopecia associated with breakage of abnormal hair shafts. This mutation, named 'lanceolate hair' (symbol: lah), arose in a mutagenesis experiment using ethylnitrosourea. Hair shafts were short with a focal degeneration at the breakpoint characterized by a pronounced enlargement at the apex, resembling a lance head. Plucked hair fibers were 2.0 to 3.5 mm in length with a normal base, suggesting that there was a synchronized developmental defect. Histologic examination of anagen follicles revealed abnormal cornification of the matrix region with degeneration resulting in the focal hair shaft deformity. Catagen follicles showed pronounced follicular dystrophy but telogen follicles were almost normal. There was a marked, persistent thickening of the epidermis associated with a non-scarring, relatively non-inflammatory ichthyosiform dermatitis. These features are found in the Netherton's syndrome of the human, for which this mouse mutation may represent a model. The lah mutation has been localized to the centromeric end of mouse Chromosome 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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23
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Davies PO, Melanitou E, Asano M, Avner PR, Montagutelli X. An anchored molecular map of mouse chromosome 6 with an analysis of interference. Mamm Genome 1995; 6:738-40. [PMID: 8563173 DOI: 10.1007/bf00354297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P O Davies
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sundberg
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA
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Abstract
We have investigated the imprinting status of two insulin genes using an interspecific recombinant congenic mouse strain carrying Ins1 and Ins2 alleles from Mus spretus on a C57BL/6 genetic background. At Days 12.5, 13.5, and 14.5 of gestation, expression of both parental alleles of both Ins1 and Ins2 was detected in the bodies of the embryos. In the heads, only Ins2 expression was detected, and, again, both parental alleles were expressed. In yolk sacs, only Ins2 transcripts were found. Both parental alleles were expressed on Day 12.5, but the expression of the maternal allele gradually declined with only the paternal allele remaining active by Day 14.5. Thus, Ins2 is subject to genomic imprinting in the yolk sac. This imprinting is not only tissue-specific, but appears to be a multistep process with postzygotic events likely to play an important role in repression of the maternal allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Deltour
- Laboratoire de Génétique Physiologique-INSERM U. 257, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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Beckers MC, Bar I, Huynh-Thu T, Dernoncourt C, Brunialti AL, Montagutelli X, Guénet JL, Goffinet AM. A high-resolution genetic map of mouse chromosome 5 encompassing the reeler (rl) locus. Genomics 1994; 23:685-90. [PMID: 7851897 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using interspecific crosses between BALB/c and Mus spretus (SEG) mice, the murine reeler (rl) gene was mapped to the proximal region of chromosome 5 between the hepatocyte growth factor gene (Hgf) and the D5Mit66 microsatellite. The following order was defined: (centromere)-Cchl2a/Hgf-D5Mit1-D5Nam1/D5-Nam2 -rl/D5Mit61-D5Mit72-Xmv45-Htr5a- Peplb-D5Nam3-D5Mit66. Estimated distances between reeler and the nearest flanking markers D5Nam1 and D5Mit72 are 1.5 and 1.0 cM, respectively (95% confidence level), suggesting that the region could be physically mapped using a manageable number of YAC clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Beckers
- Department of Physiology, FUNDP School of Medicine, Namur, Belgium
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27
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Robert B, Montagutelli X, Houzelstein D, Ferland L, Cohen A, Buckingham M, Guénet JL. Msx1 is close but not allelic to either Hm or Hx on mouse chromosome 5. Mamm Genome 1994; 5:446-9. [PMID: 7919658 DOI: 10.1007/bf00357006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Msx1 homeobox locus has been mapped in relation to the mutations hammer-toe (Hm) and hemimelic extra toes (Hx). Msx1 is expressed in the developing limb, while limb development is affected by the Hm and Hx mutations. Hm and Hx are very tightly linked loci. In interspecific crosses, the segregation of either mutation was followed in relation to polymorphic alleles of Msx1, Il6, and En2, to give a fine map around the mutant loci. Our results show that Msx1 is not allelic to either of the mutations, but is located about 3 cM from them. Il6 did not recombine with either Hm or Hx and, therefore, provides a point of access for the analysis of these mutations at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Robert
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement et ERS CNRS 67, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Davies
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Janocha S, Wolz W, Srsen S, Srsnova K, Montagutelli X, Guénet JL, Grimm T, Kress W, Müller CR. The human gene for alkaptonuria (AKU) maps to chromosome 3q. Genomics 1994; 19:5-8. [PMID: 8188241 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria (AKU; McKusick no. 203500) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the lack of homogentisic acid oxidase activity. Patients excrete large amounts of homogentisic acid in their urine and a black ochronotic pigment is deposited in their cartilage and collagenous tissues. Ochronosis is the predominant clinical complication of the disease leading to ochronotic arthropathy, dark urine, pigment changes of the skin, and other clinical features. A mutation causing alkaptonuria in the mouse has mapped to chromosome 16. Considering conserved synteny, we were able to map the human gene to chromosome 3q in six alkaptonuria pedigrees of Slovak origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janocha
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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30
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Montagutelli X, Lalouette A, Coudé M, Kamoun P, Forest M, Guénet JL. aku, a mutation of the mouse homologous to human alkaptonuria, maps to chromosome 16. Genomics 1994; 19:9-11. [PMID: 8188247 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaptonuria is a human hereditary metabolic disease characterized by a very high urinary excretion of homogentisic acid, an intermediary product in the metabolism of tyrosine, in association with ochronosis and arthritis. This disease is due to a deficiency in the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase and is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. We have found a new recessive mutation (aku) in the mouse that is homologous to human alkaptonuria, during a mutagenesis program with ethylnitrosourea. Affected mice show high levels of urinary homogentisic acid without signs of ochronosis or arthritis. This mutation has been mapped to Chr 16 close to the D16Mit4 locus, in a region of synteny with human 3q.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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31
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Kondo Y, Mori M, Kuramoto T, Yamada J, Beckmann JS, Simon-Chazottes D, Montagutelli X, Guénet JL, Serikawa T. DNA segments mapped by reciprocal use of microsatellite primers between mouse and rat. Mamm Genome 1993; 4:571-6. [PMID: 8268655 DOI: 10.1007/bf00361387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rat microsatellite primers were used for detection of homologous DNA segments in the mouse species (Mus laboratorius, Mus musculus musculus, and Mus spretus). Twenty five (16.3%) of 153 rat primer pairs amplified specific DNA segments, when genomic DNA of mice was used as a template in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Size variation among inbred strains of mice was found for 13 DNA segments (8.5%). Eight out of the 13 polymorphic DNA segments were mapped to a particular chromosome with two sets of recombinant inbred strains, AKXL or BXD. Similarly, mouse microsatellite primers were used for detection of homologous DNA segments in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty (12.0%) of 166 primer pairs amplified specific DNA segments from rat genome. Size variation among inbred strains of rats was found for seven DNA segments (4.2%). Eleven of these 20 DNA segments were mapped with a rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clone panel and/or linkage analysis by use of backcross progeny. Our results suggest that the mapped DNA segments are really homologs between mouse and rat. These polymorphic DNA segments are useful genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kondo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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32
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Bureau JF, Montagutelli X, Bihl F, Lefebvre S, Guénet JL, Brahic M. Mapping loci influencing the persistence of Theiler's virus in the murine central nervous system. Nat Genet 1993; 5:87-91. [PMID: 8220433 DOI: 10.1038/ng0993-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inbred strains of mice differ greatly in their susceptibility to the demyelinating disease caused by Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus. In this murine disease, which is an animal model for the study of multiple sclerosis, demyelination depends on the persistent infection of the central nervous system. Previous studies identified a locus in the H-2D region of the major histocompatibility complex which controls susceptibility to the persistent infection, and also showed that other loci are involved. In order to identify these loci, we screened the genome of a set of backcross animals with a combination of polymorphic microsatellites and restriction enzymes sites. We now show that viral persistence is also controlled by a locus close to Ifg on chromosome 10 and possibly by a locus near Mbp on chromosome 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bureau
- Unité des Virus Lents, CNRS UA1157, Paris, France
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33
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Boulechfar S, Lamoril J, Montagutelli X, Guenet JL, Deybach JC, Nordmann Y, Dailey H, Grandchamp B, de Verneuil H. Ferrochelatase structural mutant (Fechm1Pas) in the house mouse. Genomics 1993; 16:645-8. [PMID: 8325637 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of an inherited defect of ferrochelatase in mouse (Fechm1Pas/Fechm1Pas, described by Tutois et al., 1991, J. Clin. Invest. 88:1730-1736) was investigated. cDNA clones encoding ferrochelatase, isolated by amplification of the mRNA from the liver of a mutant mouse using the polymerase chain reaction, were sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide chain-termination method. All the clones carried a T to A transversion at nucleotide 293, leading to a methionine to lysine substitution at position 98 in the protein (mutation M98K). Hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs) confirmed the mutation at the cDNA and genomic levels. Finally, expression of the mutant ferrochelatase protein in E. coli demonstrated a marked deficiency in activity in agreement with the activity of the deficient enzyme in vivo. This Fechm1Pas/Fechm1Pas mutant mouse represents a useful model for studying the pathophysiological feature of the human disease and the first accessible model for gene therapy in the field of porphyrias.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boulechfar
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté X. Bichat, Université Paris 7, France
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Alonso S, Montagutelli X, Simon-Chazottes D, Guénet JL, Buckingham M. Re-localization of Actsk-1 to mouse chromosome 8, a new region of homology with human chromosome 1. Mamm Genome 1993; 4:15-20. [PMID: 8422497 DOI: 10.1007/bf00364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We present here the genetic mapping of the alpha-skeletal actin locus (Actsk-1) on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 8, on the basis of the PCR analysis of a microsatellite in an interspecific backcross. Linkage and genetic distances were established for four loci by analysis of 192 (or 222) meiotic events and indicated the following gene order: (centromere)-Es-1-11.7 cM-Tat-8.3 cM-Actsk-1-0.5 cM-Aprt. Mapping of ACTSK to human Chr 1 and of TAT and APRT to human Chr 16 demonstrates the existence of a new short region of homology between mouse Chr 8 and human Chr 1. Intermingling on this scale between human and mouse chromosomal homologies that occurred during evolution creates disorders in comparative linkage studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement, URA 1148, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Bureau JF, Montagutelli X, Lefebvre S, Guénet JL, Pla M, Brahic M. The interaction of two groups of murine genes determines the persistence of Theiler's virus in the central nervous system. J Virol 1992; 66:4698-704. [PMID: 1378508 PMCID: PMC241295 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.8.4698-4704.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is responsible for a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of the mouse. The disease is associated with persistent viral infection of the spinal cord. Some strains of mice are susceptible to viral infection, and other strains are resistant. The effect of the genetic background of the host on viral persistence has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the amount of viral RNA in the spinal cords of 17 inbred strains of mice and their F1 crosses with the SJL/J strain and observed a large degree of variability among strains. The pattern of viral persistence among mouse strains could be explained by the interaction of two loci. One locus is localized in the H-2D region of the major histocompatibility complex, whereas the other locus is outside this complex and is not linked to the Tcrb locus on chromosome 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bureau
- Unité des Virus Lents, UA 1157, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le Roy
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, DSV, DPTE, LDC, CEN-FAR, Fontenay, France
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37
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38
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Serikawa T, Montagutelli X, Simon-Chazottes D, Guénet JL. Polymorphisms revealed by PCR with single, short-sized, arbitrary primers are reliable markers for mouse and rat gene mapping. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:65-72. [PMID: 1617216 DOI: 10.1007/bf00431248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ten single, arbitrarily designed oligodeoxynucleotide primers, with 50-70% (G+C) content, were used to amplify by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequences with DNA templates from several mouse species (Mus spretus, Mus musculus musculus, and Mus musculus domesticus), as well as DNA from the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus). Eight of these ten primers, used either individually or associated in pairs, generated a total of 13 polymorphic products which were used as genetic markers. All of these polymorphic sequences but one were mapped to a particular mouse chromosome, by use of DNA panels prepared either from interspecific backcross progeny of the type (C57BL/6 x Mus spretus)F1 x C57BL/6 or DNA samples prepared from two sets of recombinant inbred (RI) strains (AKXL and BXD). Six rat-specific DNA segments were also assigned to a particular chromosome with DNA panels prepared from 18 rat/mouse somatic cell hybrids segregating rat chromosomes. From these experiments we conclude that, under precisely standardized PCR conditions, the DNA molecules amplified with these arbitrarily designed primers are useful and reliable markers for genetic mapping in both mouse and rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Serikawa
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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39
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Tutois S, Montagutelli X, Da Silva V, Jouault H, Rouyer-Fessard P, Leroy-Viard K, Guénet JL, Nordmann Y, Beuzard Y, Deybach JC. Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the house mouse. A recessive inherited ferrochelatase deficiency with anemia, photosensitivity, and liver disease. J Clin Invest 1991; 88:1730-6. [PMID: 1939658 PMCID: PMC295715 DOI: 10.1172/jci115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable autosomal recessive mutation (named fch, or ferrochelatase deficiency) causing jaundice and anemia in mice arose in a mutagenesis experiment using ethylnitrosourea. Homozygotes (fch/fch) display a hemolytic anemia, photosensitivity, cholestasis, and severe hepatic dysfunction. Protoporphyrin is found at high concentration in erythrocytes, serum, and liver. Ferrochelatase activity in various tissues is 2.7-6.3% of normal. Heterozygotes (+/fch) are not anemic and have normal liver function; they are not sensitive to light exposure; ferrochelatase activity is 45-65% of normal. Southern blot analysis using a ferrochelatase cDNA probe reveals no gross deletion of the ferrochelatase gene. This is the first spontaneous form of erythropoietic protoporphyria in the house mouse. Despite the presence in the mouse of clinical and biochemical features infrequent in the human, this mutation may represent a model for the human disease, especially in its severe form.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tutois
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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40
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Sheppard RD, Montagutelli X, Jean WC, Tsai JY, Rose A, Guénet JL, Cole MD, Silver LM. Two-dimensional gel analysis of complex DNA families: methodology and apparatus. Mamm Genome 1991; 1:104-11. [PMID: 1665999 DOI: 10.1007/bf02443786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a reproducible protocol for the analysis of individual members of complex mammalian gene families by gel fractionation in two dimensions within a specially designed, easily built electrophoretic apparatus. We have used this protocol to resolve the family of mouse H-2 class I genes, with approximately 30 members, as well as two different families of endogenous retroviral-like sequences, each of which has approximately 180 members dispersed throughout the genome. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using this protocol for rapid, whole genome analysis of individual animals and cell lines. Two-dimensional DNA analysis of highly repeated retroviral-like DNA families could be applied to genetic mapping and cloning experiments as well as to obtaining whole genome fingerprints in the analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines that contain a subset of chromosomes from the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Sheppard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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Boyer S, Montagutelli X, Gomès D, Simon-Chazottes D, Guénet JL, Dupouey P. Recent evolutionary origin of the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in lens epithelial cells. A molecular and genetic analysis of various mouse species. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991; 10:159-66. [PMID: 1712888 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(91)90106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in lens epithelial cells (LEC) of various mouse species within the genus Mus. We have shown that lens GFAP is expressed in mice of the Mus musculus complex and in Mus spicilegus and Mus macedonicus species (L.GFAP(+) phenotype) while it is absent in Mus spretus, Mus caroli and Mus cooki species (L.GFAP(-) phenotype). Our results argue in favour of one of the phenograms illustrating the probable phylogenetic relationships between these species in the genus Mus. In animals where lens GFAP was immunodetected, Northern blots of lens RNA extracts hybridized with a mouse GFAP cDNA probe, revealed a single 2.7 kb band. Comparative Northern blot analysis of lens tissue from L.GFAP(+) mice or of brain tissue from L.GFAP(+) or L.GFAP(-) mice did not show any size heterogeneity of the GFAP mRNA. The pattern of the GFAP immunostaining of astroglial cells in brain was identical in both L.GFAP phenotypes. Analysis of interspecific crosses showed that the L.GFAP(+) character is transmitted in a dominant fashion and seems to be linked to the Mus musculus Gfap gene. In this study we have also confirmed the localization of the mouse Gfap gene on chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boyer
- Biochimie des Antigènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
We have investigated 67 primers designed by Dr. J. Todd and co-workers to amplify microsatellites sequences in the mouse. We report on additional polymorphisms concerning seven laboratory inbred strains, complementary to those already published. We include the survey of three independently derived strains of Mus spretus: SPE/Pas, SEG/Pas and SPR/Smh. SPE/Pas and SEG/Pas are very close (3% polymorphism), whereas the third one, (SPR/Smh), is very different from the other two strains (33% polymorphism). Seventy-four to 84% of the microsatellites analyzed in this study are polymorphic between C57BL/6Pas and Mus spretus strains. By comparison, 36-46% are polymorphic between laboratory inbred strains involved in established sets of recombinant inbred strains. A strain derived from Mus musculus musculus (PWK/Pas) was found to be very different from both C57BL/6Pas (70% polymorphism) and SPE/Pas (82% polymorphism). These results emphasize the interest of using Mus musculus musculus inbred strains to establish interspecific crosses, particularly when considering their breeding performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Montagutelli
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
A gene, Hst-3, responsible for sterility in F1 males from crosses between Mus spretus and laboratory strains of mice such as C57BL/6, has been localized on the distal part of the X chromosome, using both DNA probes and biochemical markers on a panel of F1(C57BL/6 x SEG) x C57BL/6 backcross males. This gene may be a model for studying mammalian hybrid sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guénet
- Unité de Génétique des Mammifères de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Djilali S, Boulouis HJ, Montagutelli X. [Lymphocyte markers in domestic animals. I. Mitogenic lectins and non-mitogenic lectins]. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1987; 10:187-204. [PMID: 2448080 DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(87)90030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors reviewed the lymphocyte markers in domestic animals. The first part is devoted to lectins. The general and methodologic aspects of lectins as mitogens are studied. The main mitogen lectins are emphasized in regard to their field of utilisation and the technical aspect of their use. The non-mitogen lectins are presented for cell suspension or tissue section staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Djilali
- I.N.E.S. Agronomie, Département de Médecine Vétérinaire, Blida, Algerie
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