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Palomares A, Espada Y, Tobón Restrepo M, Abarca ML, Torrente C, Martino L, Viñeta C, Roura X, Novellas R. Emphysematous pyometra and emphysematous hepatitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a diabetic dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:203-207. [PMID: 38357787 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old intact female diabetic dog presented with seizures and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Radiographs revealed gas-filled tubular structures in the right and left caudal abdomen, raising concerns of emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal ileus. Ultrasonography played a pivotal role in confirming emphysematous pyometra, a technique previously documented only once in veterinary practice. This report also presents the first documented case of emphysematous pyometra in a diabetic dog attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and complicated by emphysematous hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomares
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Lourdes Abarca
- Servei Veterinari de Bacteriologia i Micologia, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Torrente
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martino
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Caro J, Agulla B, Viñeta C, Roura X, Mesalles M, Pastor J. Presumed pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly and basophilia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38622430 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A 10-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was presented for an investigation of lymphocytosis. The dog was up-to-date on vaccinations and deworming. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) showed mild leukocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, basophilia, and moderate neutropenia, but no significant left shift or toxic change. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis were unremarkable. All performed tests for infectious agents common in this geographical region were negative. No significant abnormalities were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. Multiparametric flow cytometry of peripheral blood showed a CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement revealed a clonal expansion of the T-cell receptor gamma chain genes. A clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made, and follow-up was recommended. On Day 48 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild non-regenerative anemia (NRA), moderate leucocytosis due to moderate to marked lymphocytosis, basophilia, and a marked increase in hyposegmented neutrophils with mild toxic change in the absence of neutrophilia or neutropenia. Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone was initiated. On Days 87 and 197 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild NRA, with progressively decreasing numbers of hyposegmented neutrophils. The dog remained without clinical signs. Basophilia and probable pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly were possibly secondary to CLL. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of these two hematologic conditions secondary to CLL in dogs. Recognition of a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly is clinically relevant to avoid misinterpretation as a marked left shift due to severe inflammation and prevent unnecessary urgent therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Caro
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Mesalles
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Lubas G, Paltrinieri S, Papini RA, Lensi I, Benali SL, Cortadellas O, D’Anna N, Fondati A, Roura X, Zini E. Clinical and Clinico-Pathological Observations of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis and Other Inflammatory Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1013. [PMID: 38612252 PMCID: PMC11011138 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has been used in canine medicine in several disorders, above all, to evaluate levels of inflammation. This study evaluated the ESR in canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and other inflammatory conditions. Three groups of dogs were examined: CanL affected dogs without clinical signs (INFECTED group, #25) or with clinical signs (SICK group, #43) and dogs affected by acute or acute-on-chronic conditions (OTHER DISEASE group, #65). The ESR was compared with acute phase proteins or reactants either positive or negative (leukogram, fibrinogen, iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, ferritin, haptoglobin, and albumin) and immunological markers (gamma-globulins, IgG, and IgM). The ESR was higher in the SICK group than in the INFECTED group (median 39 vs. 11 mm/h; p < 0.0001), as well as in the OTHER DISEASE than in the INFECTED groups (median 41 vs. 11 mm/h; p < 0.0001). The ESR appeared outside the reference range for all dogs in the SICK and OTHER DISEASE groups and almost with similar values (mm/h; median 39, 95% CI 31-51 vs. 41, 95% CI 12-87; p > 0.05). The extent of changes in ESR can help to establish the severity of CanL and other inflammatory disorders. As a point-of-care test, the ESR can be used to screen dogs for unhealthy conditions, and its values correlate with the severity of any disease, including CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lubas
- Clinica Veterinaria Colombo, VetPartners Italia, V.le Colombo 153, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Roberto Amerigo Papini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, c/o Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Via Livornese (Lato Monte), San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Lensi
- Clinica Veterinaria Colombo, VetPartners Italia, V.le Colombo 153, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lucia Benali
- MYLAV, Laboratorio La Vallonea, Via G. Sirtori, 9, Passirana di Rho, 20017 Milano, Italy;
| | - Oscar Cortadellas
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nunzio D’Anna
- Clinica Oculistica Veterinaria SeeVet, Via Tuscolana 1709, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Italy;
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Garcia-Torres M, Muñoz BS, Segalés J, Mallol C, Sanz A, López MC, Roura X. Atypical disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 7-month-old dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:122-130. [PMID: 38242688 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A 7-month-old intact female bearded collie dog was admitted after a 2-week history of progressive cough, inappetence, and lethargy, with no response to previous treatment with doxycycline and steroids. Mild attenuation of lung sounds in the right middle hemithorax was the only abnormality detected on physical examination. Abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiographs were performed and revealed multifocally distributed nodules and masses, well-circumscribed and of variable size in the kidneys and pulmonary parenchyma. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates of the renal and pulmonary masses were taken. A cytologic evaluation of these lesions pointed towards a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia. Euthanasia was elected due to the poor prognosis and rapid progression. The post-mortem histopathology, a positive result to IBA1 immunoperoxidase staining, and a lack of detection of infectious agents, and negative E-cadherin immunostaining enabled the final diagnosis of a disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. We report an atypical form, both in breed and age, of canine disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. While all breeds can be affected, there is a clear predisposition in some, and no cases have been previously described in bearded collies. Moreover, to the authors' knowledge, this is the youngest dog with this histiocytic disorder described to date. Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of multinodular tumors in dogs, regardless of the anatomic location and age of the dogs, even in puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Torres
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bárbara Serrano Muñoz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Mallol
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hampshire, UK
| | - Alba Sanz
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei de Patologia Clínica, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María C López
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Jornet-Rius O, Agulla B, López MC, Viñeta C, García-Ferrer A, Serrano B, Marco A, Palomares A, Novellas R, Espada Y, Roura X, Solano-Gallego L. Needle tract seeding and malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma into well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:507-513. [PMID: 37202832 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was referred for investigation of marked increases in liver enzyme activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pedunculated liver mass. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) was made when the mass was excised after a first unsuccessful attempt through ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy. One and a half years after presentation, a nodule embedded between muscles of the abdominal wall appeared. The mass was first diagnosed as a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through cytologic examination, which was later confirmed with histopathology. Ki 67 immunostaining of the abdominal wall nodule showed an increased immunoreactivity compared with the liver mass. Therefore, the present case documents the first needle-tract seeding of a hepatocellular epithelial tumor with possible malignant transformation of HCA into a well-differentiated HCC in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Jornet-Rius
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Serrano
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Marco
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Palomares
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Silvestrini P, Lloyd-Bradley B, Glanemann B, Barker EN, Badham H, Tappin S, Pascual M, Haines A, Mas A, Roura X, Piviani M. Clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, treatment protocols and outcomes of dogs diagnosed with tick-borne diseases living in the United Kingdom: 76 cases (2005-2019). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:392-400. [PMID: 36727469 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the presence of tick-borne diseases in dogs living in the United Kingdom. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with a final diagnosis of tick-borne diseases made between January 2005 and August 2019 at seven referral institutions in the United Kingdom were included in the study. RESULTS Seventy-six dogs were included: 25 were diagnosed with ehrlichiosis, 23 with babesiosis, eight with Lyme borreliosis and six with anaplasmosis. Fourteen dogs had co-infections with two or three pathogens. Except for those dogs with anaplasmosis and Lyme borreliosis, most dogs with tick-borne diseases had a history of travel to or from endemic countries. However, three dogs with ehrlichiosis, and one dog each infected with Babesia canis and Babesia vulpes did not have any history of travel. A variety of non-specific clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities were reported. Targeted treatment was successful at achieving clinical remission in 64 (84%) dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Even in non-endemic areas, veterinary surgeons should consider tick-borne diseases in dogs with compatible clinical presentation and laboratory findings and especially where there is a history of travel. As autochthonous transmission of tick-borne-pathogens does occur, an absence of travel should not rule out tick-borne diseases. Specific diagnostic testing is required to confirm infection, and this enables prompt targeted treatment and often a positive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silvestrini
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B Lloyd-Bradley
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
| | - B Glanemann
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - E N Barker
- Small Animal Hospital, Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - H Badham
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
| | - S Tappin
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
| | - M Pascual
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
| | - A Haines
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - A Mas
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, UK
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Piviani
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Latrofa MS, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Louzada-Flores VN, Iatta R, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Roura X, Zatelli A, Epis S, Bandi C, Otranto D. Interaction between Wolbachia pipientis and Leishmania infantum in heartworm infected dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 36850014 PMCID: PMC9972713 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolbachia is a Gram-negative endosymbiont associated with several species of arthropods and filarioid nematodes, including Dirofilaria immitis. This endosymbiont may elicit a Th1 response, which is a component of the immunity against Leishmania infantum. METHODS To investigate the interactions between Wolbachia of D. immitis and L. infantum in naturally infected dogs and cytokine circulation, dogs without clinical signs (n = 187) were selected. Dogs were tested for microfilariae (mfs) by Knott, for female antigens of D. immitis by SNAP, and for anti-L. infantum antibodies by IFAT and assigned to four groups. Dogs of group 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) were positive for D. immitis and positive or negative to L. infantum, respectively. Dogs of group 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) were negative to D. immitis and positive or negative to L. infantum, respectively. Wolbachia and L. infantum DNA was quantified by real-time PCR (qPCR) in dog blood samples. A subset of dogs (n = 65) was examined to assess pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production using an ELISA test. RESULTS Of 93 dogs positive to D. immitis with circulating mfs, 85% were positive to Wolbachia, with the highest amount of DNA detected in G1 and the lowest in dogs with low mfs load in G1 and G2. Among dogs positive to L. infantum, 66% from G1 showed low antibody titer, while 48.9% from G3 had the highest antibody titer. Of 37 dogs positive to Wolbachia from G1, 26 (70.3%) had low antibody titers to L. infantum (1:160). Among cytokines, TNFα showed the highest mean concentration in G1 (246.5 pg/ml), IFNγ being the one most represented (64.3%). IL-10 (1809.5 pg/ml) and IL-6 (123.5 pg/ml) showed the highest mean concentration in dogs from G1. A lower percentage of dogs producing IL-4 was observed in all groups examined, with the highest mean concentration (2794 pg/ml) recorded in G2. CONCLUSION Results show the association of D. immitis and Wolbachia with the lower antibody titers of L. infantum in co-infected dogs, suggesting the hypothesis that the endosymbiont may affect the development of the patent leishmaniosis. However, due to the limitations associated with the heterogeneity of naturally infected dogs in field conditions, results should be validated by investigation on experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Latrofa
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Iatta
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. .,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Martí-Carreras J, Carrasco M, Gómez-Ponce M, Noguera-Julián M, Fisa R, Riera C, Alcover MM, Roura X, Ferrer L, Francino O. Identification of Leishmania infantum Epidemiology, Drug Resistance and Pathogenicity Biomarkers with Nanopore Sequencing. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2256. [PMID: 36422326 PMCID: PMC9697816 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of the parasite Leishmania infantum infecting dogs and humans represents an increasing threat. L. infantum genomes are complex and unstable with extensive structural variations, ranging from aneuploidies to multiple copy number variations (CNVs). These CNVs have recently been validated as biomarkers of Leishmania concerning virulence, tissue tropism, and drug resistance. As a proof-of-concept to develop a novel diagnosis platform (LeishGenApp), four L. infantum samples from humans and dogs were nanopore sequenced. Samples were epidemiologically typed within the Mediterranean L. infantum group, identifying members of the JCP5 and non-JCP5 subgroups, using the conserved region (CR) of the maxicircle kinetoplast. Aneuploidies were frequent and heterogenous between samples, yet only chromosome 31 tetrasomy was common between all the samples. A high frequency of aneuploidies was observed for samples with long passage history (MHOM/TN/80/IPT-1), whereas fewer were detected for samples maintained in vivo (MCRI/ES/2006/CATB033). Twenty-two genes were studied to generate a genetic pharmacoresistance profile against miltefosine, allopurinol, trivalent antimonials, amphotericin, and paromomycin. MHOM/TN/80/IPT-1 and MCRI/ES/2006/CATB033 displayed a genetic profile with potential resistance against miltefosine and allopurinol. Meanwhile, MHOM/ES/2016/CATB101 and LCAN/ES/2020/CATB102 were identified as potentially resistant against paromomycin. All four samples displayed a genetic profile for resistance against trivalent antimonials. Overall, this proof-of-concept revealed the potential of nanopore sequencing and LeishGenApp for the determination of epidemiological, drug resistance, and pathogenicity biomarkers in L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martí-Carreras
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Gómez-Ponce
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Noguera-Julián
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Sanitat i Mediambient, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Sanitat i Mediambient, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Alcover
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Sanitat i Mediambient, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ferrer
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- Nano1Health S.L. (N1H), Edifici EUREKA, Parc de Recerca UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Maggi RG, Halls V, Krämer F, Lappin M, Pennisi MG, Peregrine AS, Roura X, Schunack B, Scorza V, Tasker S, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Bowman DD, Breitschwerdt EB, Capelli G, Cardoso L, Dantas-Torres F, Dobler G, Ferrer L, Gradoni L, Irwin P, Jongejan F, Kempf VAJ, Kohn B, Little S, Madder M, Maia C, Marcondes M, Miró G, Naucke T, Oliva G, Otranto D, Penzhorn BL, Pfeffer M, Sainz Á, Shin S, Solano-Gallego L, Straubinger RK, Traub R, Wright I. Vector-borne and other pathogens of potential relevance disseminated by relocated cats. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:415. [DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLarge populations of unowned cats constitute an animal welfare, ecological, societal and public health issue worldwide. Their relocation and homing are currently carried out in many parts of the world with the intention of relieving suffering and social problems, while contributing to ethical and humane population control in these cat populations. An understanding of an individual cat’s lifestyle and disease status by veterinary team professionals and those working with cat charities can help to prevent severe cat stress and the spread of feline pathogens, especially vector-borne pathogens, which can be overlooked in cats. In this article, we discuss the issue of relocation and homing of unowned cats from a global perspective. We also review zoonotic and non-zoonotic infectious agents of cats and give a list of practical recommendations for veterinary team professionals dealing with homing cats. Finally, we present a consensus statement consolidated at the 15th Symposium of the Companion Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBD) World Forum in 2020, ultimately to help veterinary team professionals understand the problem and the role they have in helping to prevent and manage vector-borne and other pathogens in relocated cats.
Graphical Abstract
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López M, Bertolani C, Sainz A, Tabar M, Roura X. Chronic diarrhea secondary to canine leishmaniosis: Case series. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Viñeta C, López MC, Verdés J, Roura X. Medical management of primary tracheal collapse in a cat. Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Judit Verdés
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Garcia-Torres M, López MC, Tasker S, Lappin MR, Blasi-Brugué C, Roura X. Review and statistical analysis of clinical management of feline leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:253. [PMID: 35818075 PMCID: PMC9272864 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited information about feline leishmaniosis (FeL) management in clinical practice. Leishmania infantum is the species of Leishmania most frequently reported in both dogs and cats in countries of the Mediterranean region (henceforth ‘Mediterranean countries’), Central and South America, and Iran. This study was conducted to provide veterinary clinicians with an updated overview of evidence-based information on leishmaniosis in cats. Methods A review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Case reports of FeL caused by L. infantum were sought for the period 1912 to 1 June 2021. Results Sixty-three case reports are included in this review. Fifty-nine out of the 63 cats were from Europe, mostly from Mediterranean countries (88.9%). Most of them were domestic short-haired cats (90%) with a mean age of 7.9 years, and had access to the outdoors (77.3%). Sixty-six percent of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus infection was the most frequent (37.7%). Dermatological lesions (69.8%) was the most frequent clinical sign, and hyperproteinemia (46.3%) the most frequent clinicopathological abnormality. Serology was the most performed diagnostic method (76.2%) and was positive for 93.7% of cats. Medical treatment was applied in 71.4% of cats, and allopurinol was the most used drug (74.4%). Survival time was greater for treated cats (520 days; 71.4% of cats) than non-treated cats (210 days; 25.4%). Conclusions The majority of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus was the most frequent. Dermatological lesions were frequently reported, and systemic clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities were also common. Serology may be useful for the diagnosis of FeL in clinical practice, and a positive titer of ≥ 1/40 may be a useful cut-off for sick cats. The reported treatments and dosages varied, but there was a good clinical response and longer survival in most of the cats treated with allopurinol monotherapy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Torres
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK.,Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Shirley, Solihull, UK
| | - Michael Rex Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Carles Blasi-Brugué
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tabar MD, Tabar J, Naranjo C, Altet L, Roura X. Detection of vector-borne pathogens in owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture living in the Mediterranean area. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 35534857 PMCID: PMC9088045 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) results from a multifactorial degenerative process that leads to rupture of the ligament. Vector-borne pathogens (VBP) in dogs can induce joint disease but their role in CCLR has not been previously investigated. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the prevalence of VBP in dogs with CCLR. Methods This was a prospective study that included 46 dogs presented for CCLR surgical treatment and 16 control dogs euthanized for diseases unrelated to the joints. Specimens collected included blood, synovial fluid, and synovial membrane biopsy. Pathogen testing consisted of serology for Leishmania infantum (quantitative ELISA), Ehrlichia canis/ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys, and Dirofilaria immitis (4DX IDEXX test), and PCR for L. infantum, Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., piroplasms (Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.), and filariae (D. immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides, Acanthocheilonema reconditum, and Cercopithifilaria spp.) on both EDTA-whole blood (EB) and synovial fluid (SF) samples. SF cytology and histopathological evaluation of synovial membrane were also performed. Results The prevalence of VBP was 19.6% in the CCLR group and 18.8% in the control group, with no statistical difference among them. The presence of synovitis was not more frequent in CCLR dogs (45.6%) than in control dogs (43.7%). Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was the most common inflammatory pattern detected in the joints of both groups of dogs. Conclusions This study failed to demonstrate a role of canine VBP in CCLR or the presence or different pattern of joint inflammation in pathogen-positive dogs. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05205-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente Vetsum, Calle del Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez García Nº17, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente Vetsum, Calle del Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez García Nº17, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Eureka, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l´Hospital s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Jesus L, Arenas C, Domínguez-Ruiz M, Silvestrini P, Englar RE, Roura X, Leal RO. Xanthinuria secondary to allopurinol treatment in dogs with leishmaniosis: Current perspectives of the Iberian veterinary community. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 83:101783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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López MC, Aybar V, Zatelli A, Vila A, Vega JJ, Hernando E, Jiménez A, Roura X. Is proteinuria a rare condition in apparently healthy and sick cats? A feline practice experience (2007-2018). Open Vet J 2021; 11:508-516. [PMID: 34722216 PMCID: PMC8541710 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteinuria is assumed to be less frequent in cats than in dogs and is mainly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate and compare urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) values retrospectively in cats visited for comprehensive annual health check or for presenting systemic clinical signs related to CKD. Methods: UPC ratio was retrospectively evaluated in 112 owned cats, out of which 51 (45.5%) were apparently healthy cats according to their owners who visited for comprehensive annual health checks and 61 (54.5%) sick cats, presenting systemic clinical signs suggesting CKD, such as weight loss or polyuria/polydipsia, among others. Results: Based on UPC, the present study found that 54.5% of all cats included were borderline proteinuric or proteinuric, having increased UPC (UPC ≥ 0.2), with 35.7% included in the sick group and 18.7% in the health-check group. Increased UPC was also statistically associated with azotemia and isosthenuria (urinary-specific gravity between 1,008 and 1,035) in both sick and health-check groups of cats. Conclusion: Independent of the reason for their medical visit, it could be concluded that borderline proteinuria and proteinuria were statistically mainly related to CKD in cats. Furthermore, the measurement of UPC could be very useful in the detection and management of CKD in apparently healthy cats during a medical visit for annual health check irrespective of the age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina López
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Anna Vila
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente Mártir, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Hernando
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente Mártir, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Cavalera MA, Gernone F, Uva A, D'Ippolito P, Roura X, Paltrinieri S, Zatelli A. Effect of domperidone (leisguard®) on antibody titers, inflammatory markers and creatinine in dogs with leishmaniosis and chronic kidney disease. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:525. [PMID: 34629081 PMCID: PMC8504065 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic drugs, such as domperidone, have been shown to be promising treatments against canine leishmaniosis (CanL), but limited data are available. The aim of this pilot study (therapeutic, prospective and non-controlled) was to evaluate the effect of domperidone on serum antibody titers of Leishmania infantum, globulins, gamma globulins, acute-phase proteins (e.g. C-reactive protein [CRP]), big endothelin-1 (big ET-1), serum creatinine (SC) and proteinuria in dogs with leishmaniosis affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Dogs were recruited if “exposed” to or “infected” with L. infantum and affected by CKD (IRIS stage 1 [proteinuric] or IRIS stage 2–3a [SC < 3.5 mg/dl; proteinuric or non-proteinuric]). After inclusion, an oral suspension of domperidone was administered, and the dogs were followed up for 180 days, with checks at 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after initial treatment. Results Of the 14 recruited dogs, nine showed a statistically significant reduction in SC (χ2 = 9.1, df = 3, P = 0.028), but not in the urine protein/creatinine ratio (χ2 = 6.43, df = 3, P = 0.092). All dogs showed a significant reduction in antibody titers for L. infantum (χ2 = 9.56, df = 2, P = 0.008), globulins (χ2 = 11.08, df = 3, P = 0.011) and gamma globulins (χ2 = 12.38, df = 3, P = 0.006) during the study period. There was also a statistically significant reduction in CRP (χ2 = 16.7,
df = 3, P = 0.001), but not in big ET-1 (χ2 = 2.04, df = 3, P = 0.563). Conclusions This study provides preliminary results on the ability of domperidone to improve SC and reduce anti-L. infantum antibody titers, globulins, gamma globulins and CRP in dogs with leishmaniosis and CKD. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floriana Gernone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
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Cavalera MA, Gernone F, Uva A, D’Ippolito P, Roura X, Zatelli A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Renal Maldevelopment in Boxer Dogs: A Retrospective Case Series (1999-2018). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030810. [PMID: 33805804 PMCID: PMC8001074 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study describes clinical findings in Boxer dogs with renal maldevelopment and proposes a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of proteinuric chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, showed the presence of polyuria and polydipsia, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria and diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys identified the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs. In 7 out of 9 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal glomerular immaturity should be suspected in Boxer dogs with a history of polyuria, polydipsia, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. A prompt diagnosis of renal maldevelopment, potentially hereditary, may help to evaluate if relatives of the affected dogs might be at risk, thus assisting clinicians in reaching an early diagnosis. A routine clinical renal screening evaluation in this breed, especially when this disease is suspected, should be strongly recommended. Abstract Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term “renal dysplasia” in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, were retrospectively reviewed. Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness were described in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria, diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs, which is consistent with RM. In 7 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal maldevelopment should be suspected in young Boxer dogs with a history of PU/PD, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. Due to its possible inheritance, an early diagnosis of RM may allow clinicians to promptly identify other potentially affected dogs among the relatives of the diagnosed case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alfonsa Cavalera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Floriana Gernone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Paola D’Ippolito
- Veterinary diagnostic Lab ACV Triggiano, 70019 Triggiano, Italy;
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.A.C.); (F.G.); (A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4679804
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Hernando E, Vila A, D'Ippolito P, Rico AJ, Rodon J, Roura X. Prevalence and Characterization of Urinary Tract Infection in Owned Dogs and Cats From Spain. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 43:100512. [PMID: 33484889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical concern in dogs. However, incidence of feline UTI is much lower than in dogs although an increasing prevalence has been registered. The main objective of the present study was to describe and characterize the prevalence of urinary tract pathogens in urine samples of dogs and cats with urinary clinical signs throughout different Spanish provinces. Secondary aims were to determine if there were differences in urine sample characterizations based on species (i.e., dog and cat) or season. Dogs were found to have a higher rate of positive urinary cultures than cats (39.3% and 24.7% of the cultures submitted, respectively). The bacterial genera most commonly isolated in dogs were Escherichia spp. (45.3%), Proteus spp. (13.2%), Staphylococcus spp. (11%), and Enterococcus spp. (8.6%). Whereas in the feline population, Escherichia spp. (42.7%), Enterococcus spp. (22.2%), and Staphyloccoccus spp. (15.2%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. The highest rates of positive urine cultures were registered in Melilla (70%), Zamora (66.7%), Teruel (64.3%), and Guadalajara (60%). Moreover, the proportion of positive urine cultures was not homogeneously distributed across provinces. Finally, some seasonality was found among most isolated bacterias. Enterococcus spp. was significantly more prevalent in summer, whereas Escherichia spp. and Proteus spp. were more commonly isolated in spring and Pseudomonas spp. in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hernando
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l'Hospital, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - A Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l'Hospital, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P D'Ippolito
- R&D Department, Medical Consultancy Services, Giuseppe Calì 6, XBX1424, Ta' Xbiex, Malta
| | - A J Rico
- Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Rodon
- Idexx Laboratories, Carrer del Plom, 2, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l'Hospital, Bellaterra, Spain
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Wright I, Jongejan F, Marcondes M, Peregrine A, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Bowman DD, Breitschwerdt EB, Capelli G, Cardoso L, Dantas-Torres F, Day MJ, Dobler G, Ferrer L, Gradoni L, Irwin P, Kempf VAJ, Kohn B, Krämer F, Lappin M, Madder M, Maggi RG, Maia C, Miró G, Naucke T, Oliva G, Otranto D, Pennisi MG, Penzhorn BL, Pfeffer M, Roura X, Sainz A, Shin S, Solano-Gallego L, Straubinger RK, Tasker S, Traub R, Little S. Parasites and vector-borne diseases disseminated by rehomed dogs. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:546. [PMID: 33168100 PMCID: PMC7653694 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Companion Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBD) World Forum is a working group of leading international experts who meet annually to evaluate current scientific findings and future trends concerning the distribution, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention of vector-borne infections of dogs and cats. At the 14th Symposium of the CVBD World Forum in Trieste, Italy (March 25-28, 2019), we identified the need to (i) bring attention to the potential spread of parasites and vectors with relocated dogs, and (ii) provide advice to the veterinary profession regarding the importance of surveillance and treatment for parasites and vector-borne infections when rehoming dogs. This letter shares a consensus statement from the CVBD World Forum as well as a summary of the problem faced, including the role of veterinary professionals in parasite surveillance, causal issues, and the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in addressing the problem. To limit opportunities for dissemination of parasites and vectors, whenever possible, underlying problems creating the need for dog rehoming should be addressed. However, when it is necessary to rehome dogs, this should ideally take place in the country and national region of origin. When geographically distant relocation occurs, veterinary professionals have a vital role to play in public education, vigilance for detection of exotic vectors and infections, and alerting the medical community to the risk(s) for pathogen spread. With appropriate veterinary intervention, dog welfare needs can be met without inadvertently allowing global spread of parasites and their vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wright
- The Mount Veterinary Practice, Fleetwood, UK.
| | - Frans Jongejan
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Mary Marcondes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew Peregrine
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Dwight D Bowman
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Michael J Day
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | | - Lluis Ferrer
- Department Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Peter Irwin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic of Small Animals, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gaetano Oliva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Barend L Penzhorn
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Sainz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - SungShik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Department Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Lehrstuhl für Bakteriologie und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Traub
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Little
- Department of Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Roura X, Cortadellas O, Day MJ, Benali SL, Zatelli A. Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:3. [PMID: 33169394 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, De l'Hospital s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Cortadellas
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad CEU Cardenal HerreraSantiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA, 6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - S L Benali
- Laboratorio La Vallonea, Via Giuseppe Sirtori 9, Passirana di Rho, Milano, 20017, Italy
| | - A Zatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy
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Roura X, Cortadellas O, Day MJ, Benali SL, Zatelli A. Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:E1-E19. [PMID: 33107613 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Cortadellas
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - S L Benali
- Laboratorio La Vallonea, 20017, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Zatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Bari, Italy
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Zini E, Muscardin L, D'Anna N, Fondati A, Gradoni L, Lubas G, Paltrinieri S, Roura X, Zatelli A, Maroli M. Preventive measures of canine leishmaniosis in Italy: Attitudes of veterinarians based on a questionnaire. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105148. [PMID: 32956990 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are several topical ectoparasiticides, drugs, supplements and vaccines that protect dogs against sand fly bites and/or reduce the risk of Leishmania infantum infection. This large variety of products and the absence of comparative studies mean that veterinarians are often faced with uncertainty. The aim of the study was to characterise the attitudes of veterinarians towards leishmaniosis prevention in client-owned dogs in Italy. A web-based questionnaire was prepared with 28 questions covering the working environment of veterinarians, advice given to owners regarding topical ectoparasiticides, advice on systemic prevention, and the use of diagnostic tests on which to base advice for prevention. The questionnaire was emailed to 9,426 veterinarians and answers were collected after 100 days. A total of 542 questionnaires were returned (response percentage 5.8 %): 54.8 % of the veterinarians considered their working area to be endemic, 29.3 % examined dogs from urban areas, and 42.3 % diagnosed ≥10 dogs/year with leishmaniosis. Those veterinarians who diagnosed ≥10 dogs/year with leishmaniosis were more likely to consider their working area to be endemic, whereas those who examined dogs mainly from urban areas were less likely to consider the area to be endemic. Veterinarians who considered the working area to be endemic were more prone to prescribe ectoparasiticides throughout the year, including collars and spot-on products and a combination of the two, vaccine alone or vaccine and domperidone combined, and used qualitative serological Leishmania tests. The attitude of veterinarians did not differ whether dogs were from urban or rural areas. In conclusion, veterinarians who consider their working area to be endemic or who frequently diagnose dogs with leishmaniosis tend to adopt more comprehensive strategies, and their attitudes are not influenced by the origin of the dogs: urban or rural. Overall, in Italy the attitudes of veterinarians in relation to canine leishmaniosis prevention appear to vary considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Muscardin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Anna
- Policlinico Veterinario Roma Sud, Ophthalmology, Via Pilade Mazza 24, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Gradoni
- Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - George Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (SP22), 56122 San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l'Hospital s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Michele Maroli
- formerly, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE There has been increasing identification of vector-borne pathogens in cats presented to veterinary clinics around the world for evaluation of fever and the associated secondary effects, such as signs of depression and loss of appetite. AIM The aim of this article is to summarize the clinically relevant information concerning fever in cats that is associated with pathogens known or suspected to be vectored by fleas, with an emphasis on presenting clinical abnormalities and optimal diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies. Fever in cats that is associated with pathogens vectored by ticks or sandflies is discussed in Part 2 of this article series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.,The Linnaeus Group, Shirley B90 4BN, UK
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Lappin MR, Tasker S, Roura X. Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 2. Tick- and sandfly-associated diseases. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:41-48. [PMID: 31916874 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19895942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE There has been increasing identification of vector-borne pathogens in cats presented to veterinary clinics around the world for evaluation of fever and the associated secondary effects, such as signs of depression and loss of appetite. AIM The aim of this article is to summarize the clinically relevant information concerning fever in cats that is associated with pathogens vectored by ticks or sandflies, with an emphasis on presenting clinical abnormalities and optimal diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies. Fever in cats associated with pathogens known or suspected to be vectored by fleas was discussed within Part 1 of this two-part article series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.,The Linnaeus Group, Shirley B90 4BN, UK
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Díaz-Regañón D, Roura X, Suárez ML, León M, Sainz Á. Serological evaluation of selected vector-borne pathogens in owned dogs from northern Spain based on a multicenter study using a commercial test. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:301. [PMID: 32522246 PMCID: PMC7288488 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental conditions in northern Spain allow the development of different arthropods involved in the transmission of significant canine vector-borne pathogens. The aim of the study was to systematically assess seroprevalence rates for Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria immitis and Borrelia burgdorferi, and risk factors in dogs from all regions of the north of Spain. Methods A total of 556 dogs were included in this study between January 2017 and December 2018, belonging to 30 practices covering all regions in northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Basque Country, Navarra, Aragon and Catalonia). All practices were located in the north of every region. Blood samples were analyzed using the 4DX SNAP® test (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, USA) for the detection of D. immitis antigen and E. canis, B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. antibodies. Leishmania SNAP® test (IDEXX Laboratories) was used for detection of L. infantum antibodies. Associations between prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens, epidemiological and clinical signs data were statistically analyzed. Results The overall prevalence rates were 8.99% for L. infantum, 1.26% for Anaplasma spp., 0.9% for E. canis, 0.72% for B. burgdorferi, and 0.18% for D. immitis. Globally, 11.33% of the dogs included in the study were positive to any tested vector-borne pathogen. Leishmania infantum seroprevalence was the highest and the only one detected in all the regions. Leishmania infantum seropositivity was associated with age > 10 years-old, outdoor access, anemia, fever, dermatological signs, lympadenomegaly, muscular atrophy, ocular signs and renal disease. Ehrlichia canis seropositivity was associated with the summer season and living in urban areas. Apathy, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, fever and gastrointestinal clinical signs were also associated with E. canis antibody detection. Living in a rural area was also a risk factor for Anaplasma spp. and B. burgdorferi seropositivity. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter survey performed in northern Spain assessing different canine vector-borne diseases from all regions. Results show the presence of autochthonous cases of these diseases. The vector-borne pathogens found in this study should be included in the differential diagnosis in dogs from some areas previously considered non-endemic for these pathogens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Regañón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l'Hospital s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L Suárez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Rof Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 22702, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta León
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Spain S.A, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Dantas-Torres F, Miró G, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Breitschwerdt E, Capelli G, Cardoso L, Day MJ, Dobler G, Ferrer L, Irwin P, Jongejan F, Kempf VAJ, Kohn B, Lappin M, Little S, Madder M, Maggi R, Maia C, Marcondes M, Naucke T, Oliva G, Pennisi MG, Penzhorn BL, Peregrine A, Pfeffer M, Roura X, Sainz A, Shin S, Solano-Gallego L, Straubinger RK, Tasker S, Traub R, Wright I, Bowman DD, Gradoni L, Otranto D. Canine Leishmaniasis Control in the Context of One Health. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1-4. [PMID: 31742505 PMCID: PMC6874277 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.190164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum and in some countries have been regularly culled as part of government policy to control visceral leishmaniasis. At the 13th Symposium of the Companion Vector-Borne Diseases World Forum in Windsor, UK, March 19–22, 2018, we consolidated a consensus statement regarding the usefulness of dog culling as a means of controlling visceral leishmaniasis. The statement highlighted the futility of culling infected dogs, whether healthy or sick, as a measure to control the domestic reservoir of L. infantum and reduce the risk for visceral leishmaniasis.
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Portillo A, Maggi R, Oteo JA, Bradley J, García-Álvarez L, San-Martín M, Roura X, Breitschwerdt E. Bartonella spp. Prevalence (Serology, Culture, and PCR) in Sanitary Workers in La Rioja Spain. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030189. [PMID: 32143533 PMCID: PMC7157737 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are increasingly implicated in association with a spectrum of zoonotic infectious diseases. One hundred sanitary workers in La Rioja, Spain completed a questionnaire and provided blood specimens for Bartonella spp. serology and Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR. Six immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were performed and aseptically obtained blood specimens were inoculated into liquid BAPGM and subcultured onto blood agar plates. Bartonella DNA was amplified using conventional and real-time PCR assays. The Bartonella spp., strain, or genotype was determined by DNA sequencing. Bartonella seroreactivity was documented in 83.1% and bloodstream infection in 21.6% of participants. Bartonella henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotypes I and III, and B. quintana were identified. IFA seroreactivity and PCR positivity were not statistically associated with self-reported symptoms. Our results suggest that exposure to and non-clinical infection with Bartonella spp. may occur more often than previously suspected in the La Rioja region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Portillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital U. San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.); (J.A.O.); (L.G.-Á.)
| | - Ricardo Maggi
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA;
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - José A. Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital U. San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.); (J.A.O.); (L.G.-Á.)
| | - Julie Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Lara García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital U. San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; (A.P.); (J.A.O.); (L.G.-Á.)
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Edward Breitschwerdt
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA;
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-513-8277
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Abstract
Leptospira is a widespread zoonosis that has been linked to transmission between dogs and humans. The main purposes were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira serum antibody and to identify the most common serovars in dogs in Spain. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,310 records of canine Leptospira testing data from Spain since 2015 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were individual cases with MAT test results for 8 serovars (Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Autumnalis, Canicola and Saxkoebing) and to have the zip code data. Three hundred and thirty-eight samples (25.8%; 95%CI 23.6–28.4) were seropositive (≥1:100). According to geographic areas, North had the highest seroprevalence (38.0%; 95%CI 28.9–47.1) followed by South (29.4%; 95%CI 20.1–38.8), Center (28.6%; 95%CI 24.3–33.0), Mediterranean (22.3%; 95%CI 19.1–25.6) and Northwest (22.2%; 95%CI 7.9–36.4). Seropositivity (MAT ≥1:100) was most common to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (19.4%; 95%CI 17.2–21.5) and Bratislava (8.5%; 95%CI 7.0–10.0), followed by Grippotyphosa (7.2%; 95%CI 5.8–8.6), Australis (6.4%; 95%CI 5.0–7.7), Autumnalis (5.0%; 95%CI 3.8–6.2), Pomona (4.5%; 95%CI 3.3–5.6), Canicola (3.4%; 95%CI 2.4–4.4) and Saxkoebing (0.8%; 95%CI 0.3–1.3). An association was found between positivity (MAT ≥1:100) and males (P = 0.003) and dogs that were 6 years old or older were at higher risk of exposure (P = 0.001; OR 4.61; 95%CI 1.86–11.43). This study has shown that dogs in Spain are commonly exposed to Leptospira infection and points out the necessity to control the prevalence of this severe widespread zoonosis in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C López
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus UAB, Carrer de l'Hospital, s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus UAB, Carrer de l'Hospital, s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Rodón
- Idexx Laboratories, Carrer del Plom, 2, 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus UAB, Carrer de l'Hospital, s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Vila A, Estrada-Peña A, Altet L, Cusco A, Dandreano S, Francino O, Halos L, Roura X. Endosymbionts carried by ticks feeding on dogs in Spain. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:848-852. [PMID: 31006611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies on tick microbial communities historically focused on tick-borne pathogens. However, there is an increasing interest in capturing relationships among non-pathogenic endosymbionts and exploring their relevance for tick biology. The present study included a total of 1600 adult ticks collected from domestic dogs in 4 different biogeographical regions of Spain. Each pool formed by 1 to 10 halves of individuals representing one specific ticks species was examined by PCR for the presence of Coxiellaceae, Rickettsia spp., Rickettsiales, Wolbachia spp., and other bacterial DNA. Of the pools analyzed, 92% tested positive for endosymbiont-derived DNA. Coxiella spp. endosymbionts were the most prevalent microorganisms, being always present in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) pools. Rickettsia spp. DNA was detected in 60% of Dermacentor reticulatus pools and 40% of R. sanguineus s.l. pools, with a higher diversity of Rickettsia species in R. sanguineus s.l. pools. Our study reveals a negative relationship of Rickettsia massiliae with the presence of tick-borne pathogens in the same pool of ticks. An additional endosymbiont, 'Candidatus Rickettsiella isopodorum', was only detected in D. reticulatus pools. Data from this study indicate that dogs in Spain are exposed to several endosymbionts. Due to the importance of tick-borne pathogens, characterizing the role of endosymbionts for tick physiology and prevalence, may lead to novel control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - A Estrada-Peña
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Altet
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Cusco
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Dandreano
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Francino
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L Halos
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Martínez-Sogues L, Vila A, Roura X, Pastor J, Novellas R, Marco A, Cuvertoret-Sanz M, Martínez J, Solano-Gallego L. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in a Dog Diagnosed With Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:1-5. [PMID: 31122681 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old, neutered male Golden Retriever was presented with a 1-week history of weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. The diagnostic workup showed an increased ionized calcium concentration, mild increase in serum creatinine and urea concentration, and severe hyperlipasemia. A complete abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple hepatic nodules. A cytological diagnosis of malignant epithelial neoplasia, highly suggestive of bile duct adenocarcinoma was made. In order to confirm the presumptive diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy due to the presence of a hepatic neoplasia, serum parathormone-related peptide concentration was measured, and the result revealed an increased concentration. The dog was hospitalized and received supportive treatments consisting of intravenous furosemide and fluid therapy. After ruling out lymphoma and hypoadrenocorticism, oral prednisone was initiated and ionized calcium concentration decreased gradually down to normal concentration after 7 days of hospitalization. Chemotherapy with intravenous epirubicin was initiated based on the cytological diagnosis. One month after diagnosis and due to the worsening of its clinical condition, the dog was humanely euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed a cholangiocellular carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant hypercalcemia associated with cholangiocellular carcinoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez-Sogues
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari (HCV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari (HCV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari (HCV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari (HCV), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alberto Marco
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Cuvertoret-Sanz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Fernandez M, Tabar MD, Arcas A, Mateu C, Homedes J, Roura X. Comparison of efficacy and safety of preventive measures used against canine leishmaniasis in southern European countries: Longitudinal retrospective study in 1647 client-owned dogs (2012–2016). Vet Parasitol 2018; 263:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Altuzarra R, Movilla R, Roura X, Espada Y, Majo N, Novellas R. Computed tomographic features of destructive granulomatous rhinitis with intracranial extension secondary to leishmaniasis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 61:E64-E68. [PMID: 29998611 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old castrated male Domestic Shorthair cat presented for evaluation of chronic history of nasal discharge and nasal stridor. On computed tomography (CT), a destructive ill-defined mass of soft tissue attenuation was occupying the right nasal cavity and extending into the left nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and rostral cranial cavity. Histopathology of the rhinoscopically excised samples consisted with destructive granulomatous rhinitis secondary to Leishmania spp. Chronic granulomatous rhinitis with intracranial and nasopharyneal extension secondary to Leishmania spp. infection should be included as a differential diagnosis for a destructive nasal mass of soft tissue attenuation, especially in endemic regions for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Altuzarra
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Majo
- Departament de Sanitat i d´Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Roura X, Santamarina G, Tabar MD, Francino O, Altet L. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Bartonella spp. in dogs from Spain with blood culture-negative infectious endocarditis. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:267-275. [PMID: 29807750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The presence of Bartonella spp. was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in dogs from Spain with blood culture-negative endocarditis. The aim of this study is to add information about canine infectious endocarditis in Europe. ANIMALS Thirty dogs with naturally occurring blood culture-negative endocarditis were examined from 2010 to 2017 at three veterinary referral hospitals, located in northwest, northeast, and southeast of Spain. METHODS It is a retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to extract relevant data. Frozen or paraffin-embedded cardiac valve tissue and/or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid blood samples were evaluated by PCR for the presence of Bartonella DNA. Positive results were sequenced to confirm the species. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction was positive for eight out of 30 dogs included (26.6%). Bartonella rochalimae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, and Bartonella koehlerae were detected in valve tissue or blood. CONCLUSIONS Bartonella could be an important cause of blood culture-negative infectious endocarditis in dogs from Spain. The outcome for those dogs affected with Bartonella spp. was grave. Prompt empirical treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate plus fluoroquinolones could be of value in cases of blood culture-negative endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Santamarina
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M-D Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, Calle Del Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez García N°17, San Vicente Del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - O Francino
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Altet
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca de La UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Tabar MD, Movilla R, Serrano L, Altet L, Francino O, Roura X. PCR evaluation of selected vector-borne pathogens in dogs with pericardial effusion. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:248-252. [PMID: 29355984 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate evidence for selected vector-borne pathogen infections in dogs with pericardial effusion living in a Mediterranean area in which several canine vector-borne diseases are endemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived EDTA blood (n=68) and pericardial fluid samples (n=58) from dogs with pericardial effusion (n=68) were included. Dogs without pericardial effusion examined for other reasons were included as controls (n=60). Pericardial effusion was classified as neoplastic in 40 dogs, idiopathic in 23 dogs and of unknown aetiology in 5 dogs. Real-time PCR was performed for Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia species, Rickettsia species and Bartonella species, and sequencing of PCR products from positive samples was used to confirm species specificity. RESULTS Vector-borne pathogens were found in 18 dogs: 16 of 68 dogs with pericardial effusion (23·5%) and two of 60 control dogs (3·3%). Positive dogs demonstrated DNA of Leishmania infantum (n=7), Anaplasma platys (n=2, one dog coinfected with Leishmania infantum), Babesia canis (n=5), Babesia gibsoni (n=3) and Hepatozoon canis (n=2). Vector-borne pathogens were more commonly detected among dogs with pericardial effusion than controls (P=0·001). There was no relationship between aetiology of the pericardial effusion and evidence of vector-borne pathogens (P=0·932). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vector-borne pathogens are often detected in dogs with pericardial effusion and require further investigation, especially in dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion. PCR can provide additional information about the potential role of vector-borne pathogens in dogs with pericardial effusion living in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-D Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, Alicante, 03540, Spain
| | - R Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - L Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Parc de recerca UAB, Edifici Eureka, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - L Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de recerca UAB, Edifici Eureka, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - O Francino
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Vila A, Movilla R, Castro J, Mallol C, Novellas R, Espada Y, Roura X. Successful medical management of pseudomembranous cystitis in three cats with lower urinary tract obstruction. Aust Vet J 2017; 96:33-38. [PMID: 29226304 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT The present case series describes the clinical course and outcome of three cats diagnosed with pseudomembranous cystitis. This is an uncommon presentation of lower urinary tract obstruction but can be easily be identified by ultrasonography, revealing severe bladder wall thickening and thin hyperechoic luminal strips. The condition can be secondary to severe bacterial urinary tract infection. All cats were successfully treated with medical management only, mainly based on antimicrobials and individualised supportive therapy. CONCLUSION Further evaluation of this condition is necessary in order to determine potential underlying aetiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms and the most appropriate standardised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Castro
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mallol
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Zatelli A, D’Ippolito P, Roura X, Zini E. Short-term effects of dietary supplementation with amino acids in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Can Vet J 2017; 58:1287-1293. [PMID: 29203938 PMCID: PMC5680804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the impact of amino acid supplementation on body weight, serum albumin, creatinine and urea concentrations, and urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio in proteinuric dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Forty-six client-owned azotemic dogs with spontaneous proteinuric CKD already on a renal diet and in therapy with enalapril were included. After approximately 1 month of treatment (baseline), 29 dogs received oral amino acid supplementation daily (group A) and 17 dogs did not (group B). The parameters under investigation were determined at baseline and after 4 to 8 weeks in both groups. Compared to baseline, body weight and serum albumin increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) at follow-up in group A, but did not change in group B. Serum creatinine concentration did not change in both groups; urea concentration (P < 0.05) and UPC ratio (P < 0.01) decreased in group B, but not in group A. Supplementation with amino acids increased body weight and serum albumin concentration in these dogs but it might have prevented a decrease in proteinuria and urea concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zatelli
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Andrea Zatelli; e-mail:
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Oteo JA, Maggi R, Portillo A, Bradley J, García-Álvarez L, San-Martín M, Roura X, Breitschwerdt E. Prevalence of Bartonella spp. by culture, PCR and serology, in veterinary personnel from Spain. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:553. [PMID: 29116007 PMCID: PMC5678790 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Bartonella includes fastidious, facultative intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods and distributed among mammalian reservoirs. Bartonella spp. implicated as etiological agents of zoonoses are increasing. Apart from the classical Bartonella henselae, B. bacilliformis or B. quintana, other species (B. elizabethae, B. rochalimae, B. vinsonii arupensis and B. v. berkhoffii, B. tamiae or B. koehlerae, among others) have also been associated with human and/or animal diseases. Laboratory techniques for diagnosis (culture, PCR assays and serology) usually show lack of sensitivity. Since 2005, a method based on a liquid enrichment Bartonella alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) followed by PCRs for the amplification of Bartonella spp. has been developed. We aimed to assess culture, molecular and serological prevalence of Bartonella infections in companion animal veterinary personnel from Spain. Methods Each of 89 participants completed a questionnaire. Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) using B. vinsonii berkhoffii (genotypes I, II and III), B. henselae, B. quintana and B. koehlerae as antigens were performed. A cut-off of 1:64 was selected as a seroreactivity titer. Blood samples were inoculated into BAPGM and subcultured onto blood agar plates. Bartonella spp. was detected using conventional and quantitative real-time PCR assays and DNA sequencing. Results Among antigens corresponding to six Bartonella spp. or genotypes, the lowest seroreactivity was found against B. quintana (11.2%) and the highest, against B. v. berkhoffii genotype III (56%). A total of 27% of 89 individuals were not seroreactive to any test antigen. Bartonella spp. IFA seroreactivity was not associated with any clinical sign or symptom. DNA from Bartonella spp., including B. henselae (n = 2), B. v. berkhoffii genotypes I (n = 1) and III (n = 2), and B. quintana (n = 2) was detected in 7/89 veterinary personnel. PCR and DNA sequencing findings were not associated with clinical signs or symptoms. No co-infections were observed. One of the two B. henselae PCR-positive individuals was IFA seronegative to all tested antigens whereas the other one was not B. henselae seroreactive. The remaining PCR-positive individuals were seroreactive to multiple Bartonella spp. antigens. Conclusions High serological and molecular prevalences of exposure to, or infection with, Bartonella spp. were found in companion animal veterinary personnel from Spain. More studies using BAPGM enrichment blood culture and PCR are needed to clarify the finding of Bartonella PCR-positive individuals lacking clinical symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2483-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Ricardo Maggi
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aránzazu Portillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Julie Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lara García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Edward Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Estrada-Peña A, Roura X, Sainz A, Miró G, Solano-Gallego L. Species of ticks and carried pathogens in owned dogs in Spain: Results of a one-year national survey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:443-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tabar MD, Altet L, Maggi RG, Altimira J, Roura X. First description of Bartonella koehlerae infection in a Spanish dog with infective endocarditis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:247. [PMID: 28526098 PMCID: PMC5437684 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella koehlerae has been recently described as a new cat- and cat fleas-associated agent of culture-negative human endocarditis. It has been also encountered in one dog from Israel and six dogs from the USA, but other clinically relevant reports involving this bacterium are lacking. RESULTS A 7-year-old intact male mixed dog presented with clinico-pathological signs consistent with mitral endocarditis and cutaneous hemangiosarcoma. Molecular studies revealed the presence of Bartonella koehlerae DNA in samples from blood and mitral valve tissue. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of B. koehlerae in Spain, corroborating that it can also be detected in dogs. Bartonella koehlerae infection should also be considered in Spain in humans and dogs presenting with clinical disease suggestive of it, such as culture-negative endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, Calle del Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez García N°17, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca UAB Edifici Eureka, Campus de la UAB Bellaterra, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Lab, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Room 462ª, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jaume Altimira
- Histovet, Servicio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Veterinario, Avda. Països Catalans 12, 12 local D, 08192 Sant Quirze del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Carrer de l´Hospital, Campus UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Movilla R, Altet L, Serrano L, Tabar MD, Roura X. Molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in blood and splenic samples from dogs with splenic disease. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:131. [PMID: 28285583 PMCID: PMC5346854 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spleen is a highly perfused organ involved in the immunological control and elimination of vector-borne pathogens (VBP), which could have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of splenic disease. This study aimed to evaluate certain VBP in samples from dogs with splenic lesions. Methods Seventy-seven EDTA-blood and 64 splenic tissue samples were collected from 78 dogs with splenic disease in a Mediterranean area. Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon canis, Leishmania infantum, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. were targeted using PCR assays. Sixty EDTA-blood samples from dogs without evidence of splenic lesions were included as a control group. Results More than half (51.56%) of the biopsies (33/64) were consistent with benign lesions and 48.43% (31/64) with malignancy, mostly hemangiosarcoma (25/31). PCR yielded positive results in 13 dogs with spleen alterations (16.67%), for Babesia canis (n = 3), Babesia gibsoni (n = 2), hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (n = 2), Rickettsia massiliae (n = 1) and “Babesia vulpes” (n = 1), in blood; and for B. canis, B. gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and L. infantum (n = 1 each), in spleen. Two control dogs (3.3%) were positive for B. gibsoni and H. canis (n = 1 each). Benign lesions were detected in the 61.54% of infected dogs (8/13); the remaining 38.46% were diagnosed with malignancies (5/13). Infection was significantly associated to the presence of splenic disease (P = 0.013). There was no difference in the prevalence of infection between dogs with benign and malignant splenic lesions (P = 0.69); however B. canis was more prevalent in dogs with hemangiosarcoma (P = 0.006). Conclusions VBP infection could be involved in the pathogenesis of splenic disease. The immunological role of the spleen could predispose to alterations of this organ in infected dogs. Interestingly, all dogs with B. canis infection were diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma in the present survey. As previously reported, results support that VBP diagnosis could be improved by analysis of samples from different tissues. The sample size included here warrants further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2074-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de L'Hospital s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, Calle del Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez García N°17, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de L'Hospital s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Movilla R, Dominguez E, Novellas R, Martinez J, Mesa I, Roura X. ENCHONDROMATOSIS IN AN ADULT DOG. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:E50-E55. [PMID: 28233385 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old crossbreed dog presented for lameness with diffuse soft tissue swelling in the right fore limb. Radiographs identified increased opacity of medullary cavity involving the radius and ulna. Whole-body computed tomography (CT) revealed mineral attenuation in the medullary cavity of multiple bones. Histopathology of the right distal tibia showed a fibrocartilaginous matrix occupying intertrabecular spaces. The final diagnosis was enchondromatosis. Long-term favorable progression of the dog's clinical condition further supported the benign histopathologic classification. This is the fifth case of canine enchondromatosis reported so far and the first documentation of further characterization with CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Dominguez
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Facultat de Veterinaria, Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Martinez
- Facultat de Veterinaria, Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α2 - and/or γ-globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo- or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector-borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine-needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high-titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gradoni
- Unit of Vector-borne Diseases & International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Eric Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
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Marques C, Gama LT, Belas A, Bergström K, Beurlet S, Briend-Marchal A, Broens EM, Costa M, Criel D, Damborg P, van Dijk MAM, van Dongen AM, Dorsch R, Espada CM, Gerber B, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Loncaric I, Mion D, Misic D, Movilla R, Overesch G, Perreten V, Roura X, Steenbergen J, Timofte D, Wolf G, Zanoni RG, Schmitt S, Guardabassi L, Pomba C. European multicenter study on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animal urinary tract infections. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:213. [PMID: 27658466 PMCID: PMC5034465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing concern regarding the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in companion animals. Yet, there are no studies comparing the resistance levels of these organisms in European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate geographical and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in companion animals in Europe. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 22 256 bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with UTI was determined. Samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 from 16 laboratories of 14 European countries. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of the most common bacteria was determined for each country individually in the years 2012-2013 and temporal trends of bacteria resistance were established by logistic regression. RESULTS The aetiology of uropathogenic bacteria differed between dogs and cats. For all bacterial species, Southern countries generally presented higher levels of antimicrobial resistance compared to Northern countries. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were found to be more prevalent in Southern countries. During the study period, the level of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolated in Belgium, Denmark, France and the Netherlands decreased significantly. A temporal increase in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin was observed among E. coli isolates from the Netherlands and Switzerland, respectively. Other country-specific temporal increases were observed for fluoroquinolone-resistant Proteus spp. isolated from companion animals from Belgium. CONCLUSIONS This work brings new insights into the current status of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animals with UTI in Europe and reinforces the need for strategies aiming to reduce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Telo Gama
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adriana Belas
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Els M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Costa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | | | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marloes A M van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van Dongen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roswitha Dorsch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Martin Espada
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, Servicio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Department of Clinical Studies, Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Domenico Mion
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department of microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Dorina Timofte
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences Veterinary Medicine, Lasi, Romania.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georg Wolf
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Schmitt
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Constança Pomba
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zatelli A, Roura X, D'Ippolito P, Berlanda M, Zini E. The effect of renal diet in association with enalapril or benazepril on proteinuria in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Open Vet J 2016; 6:121-7. [PMID: 27540513 PMCID: PMC4980477 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating proteinuria in dogs reduces the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); renal diets and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors are cornerstones of treatment. Whether different ACE-inhibitors have distinct kidney protective effects is unknown; it is therefore hypothesized that renal diets and enalapril or benazepril have different beneficial effects in proteinuric CKD dogs. Forty-four dogs with proteinuric CKD (IRIS stages 1-4) were enrolled in the study and were fed renal diet for 30 days. Thereafter, they were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Dogs in group A (n=22) received enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, q12h) and in group B (n=22) benazepril (0.5 mg/kg, q24h); in both groups, dogs were fed the same renal diet. After randomization, dogs were monitored for 120 days. Body weight and body condition score (BCS), serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and total proteins, and urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio were compared at different time-points. After 30 days of renal diet, creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Compared to randomization, body weight, BCS, albumin, total proteins, creatinine and BUN did not vary during follow-up in the 44 dogs and differences between group A and B were not observed. However, the UPC ratio of group A at day 60, 90 and 150 was significantly lower than in group B and compared to randomization (p<0.05). In group B it did not vary overtime. It is concluded that the renal diet is beneficial to decrease creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio in proteinuric CKD dogs. Enalapril further ameliorates proteinuria if administered along with renal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zatelli
- Medical Consultancy Services, G. Calì Street 60, TBX1424 TàXbiex, Malta
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - P D'Ippolito
- Medical Consultancy Services, G. Calì Street 60, TBX1424 TàXbiex, Malta
| | - M Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), University of Padova, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), University of Padova, Italy; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
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45
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Movilla R, García C, Siebert S, Roura X. Countrywide serological evaluation of canine prevalence for Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia canis in Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:421. [PMID: 27474020 PMCID: PMC4966591 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) have become a major concern for canine and human public health. The aim of the study described here is to add epidemiological data regarding four pathogens responsible for CVBD, namely anaplasmosis, borreliosis, dirofilariosis and ehrlichiosis in a national survey conducted in Mexico. METHODS Seventy-four veterinary centres located in 21 federal Mexican states were asked to test dogs with clinical signs suspect for CVBD and healthy dogs, for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) and Ehrlichia canis using the SNAP® 4DX® from IDEXX® Laboratories. RESULTS A total of 1706 dogs were tested, including 943 apparently healthy and 722 CVBD-suspect dogs. Infected dogs were 36.7 %. The highest percentages of infection with E. canis (51.0 %) and Anaplasma spp. (16.4 %) were obtained in the northwestern region, while D. immitis was most frequently found in the northeastern region of the country (8.9 %). Four dogs from the northwestern, northeastern, eastern and southeastern regions, respectively, were positive for B. burgdorferi (sensu lato). Northcentral regions showed lowest overall prevalence of infection (2.4 %). Co-infections were detected in 8.8 % of the dogs tested. Statistically significant lower positivity was found among dogs aged less than one year (23.2 %) and small-sized dogs (27.6 %), while higher prevalence of infection was found in dogs living outdoors (42.0 %), dogs with detectable tick infestation (43.3 %) and dogs that received treatment for tick-transmitted infections (58.8 %). Seropositivity was a risk factor for the presence of clinical signs as follows: Anaplasma spp. (OR = 2.63; 95 % CI: 1.88-3.67; P < 0.0001), D. immitis (OR = 2.52; 95 % CI: 1.61-3.95; P < 0.0001), E. canis (OR = 3.58; 95 % CI: 2.88-4.45; P < 0.0001), mixed infections (OR = 4.08; 95 % CI: 2.79-5.96; P < 0.0001), one or more agents (OR = 3.58; 95 % CI: 2.91-4.42; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Canine serological evidence supports that dogs from Mexico are at risk of acquiring Anaplasma spp., D. immitis and/or E. canis, while B. burgdorferi (sensu lato) transmission is minimal in the country. Practitioners play a fundamental role in the detection and control of these diseases to protect dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l’Hospital, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán UNAM, Mexico Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City D.F., Mexico
| | - Susanne Siebert
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 40789 Monheim and Marketing Companion Animal Products (CAP), InternationalBuilding 6210, 2.56, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de l’Hospital, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Solano-Gallego L, Sainz Á, Roura X, Estrada-Peña A, Miró G. A review of canine babesiosis: the European perspective. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:336. [PMID: 27289223 PMCID: PMC4902949 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a significant tick-borne disease caused by various species of the protozoan genus Babesia. Although it occurs worldwide, data relating to European infections have now been collected for many years. These data have boosted the publication record and increased our working knowledge of these protozoan parasites. Both the large and small forms of Babesia species (B. canis, B. vogeli, B. gibsoni, and B. microti-like isolates also referred to as "B. vulpes" and "Theileria annae") infect dogs in Europe, and their geographical distribution, transmission, clinical signs, treatment, and prognosis vary widely for each species. The goal of this review is to provide veterinary practitioners with practical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of babesiosis in European dogs. Our hope is that these guidelines will answer the most frequently asked questions posed by veterinary practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Solano-Gallego
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Estrada-Peña
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Silvestrini P, Batchelor D, Allenspach K, Maunder C, Seth M, Mas A, Hill T, Serrano G, Roura X, Planellas M, German AJ, Pastor J. Clinical leishmaniasis in dogs living in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:453-8. [PMID: 27251904 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs in the UK and to describe clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities, therapeutic protocols and outcome in this non-endemic country. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis at seven referral centres in the UK were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The prevalence was between 0·007 and 0·04% with a higher number of cases in southern England. All dogs had a history of travel to or from an endemic country. Lethargy, dermatological disease, decreased appetite and lameness were the most common reasons for presentation. Allopurinol was used alone for treatment in the majority of cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although rare, leishmaniasis should be considered in dogs in the UK if they have compatible clinical signs and history of travel to or from endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silvestrini
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE
| | - D Batchelor
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE
| | - K Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services, Royal Veterinary College of London, North Mymms, Herts NW1 0TU
| | - C Maunder
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, North Somerset BS40 5DU
| | - M Seth
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU
| | - A Mas
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Ltd, Winchester SO212LL
| | - T Hill
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG
| | - G Serrano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Planellas
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A J German
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE
| | - J Pastor
- Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Solano-Gallego L, Di Filippo L, Ordeix L, Planellas M, Roura X, Altet L, Martínez-Orellana P, Montserrat S. Early reduction of Leishmania infantum-specific antibodies and blood parasitemia during treatment in dogs with moderate or severe disease. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:235. [PMID: 27160317 PMCID: PMC4862152 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania infantum-specific antibodies are used extensively for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in canine leishmaniosis. Different views have been described for the measurement of L. infantum antibody levels for the monitoring of anti-leishmanial treatment. In addition, molecular techniques using blood are frequently employed in the clinical setting. However, there are not enough studies to prove the usefulness of PCR in diagnosis, treatment monitoring and in assessing the prognosis of the disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate L. infantum-specific antibodies and blood parasitemia at the time of diagnosis and during treatment and to correlate these with the dog’s clinical status. Methods Thirty-seven dogs were diagnosed and followed-up during treatment (days 30, 180 and 365). The treatment protocol consisted of a combination of meglumine antimoniate for one month and allopurinol for at least one year. Leishmania infantum-specific antibodies and blood parasitemia were assessed by an end point sera dilution ELISA and by real-time PCR, respectively. Results The majority of dogs were classified as LeishVet stage II (moderate disease) at the time of diagnosis (86 %) and the rest as stage III. Results showed variable levels of specific antibodies at the time of diagnosis [median ± interquartile range (IQR): 1372 ± 8803 ELISA units (EU)]. Twenty-three seropositive dogs (64 %) were detected as PCR-positive at the time of diagnosis. Interestingly, a rapid significant antibody level reduction was observed by day 30 of treatment (median ± IQR: 604 ± 2168 EU). A continuing significant decrease of specific antibodies was also found at days 180 (median ± IQR: 201 ± 676 EU) and 365 (median ± IQR: 133 ± 329 EU) in association with clinical improvement. A significant blood parasitemia reduction was also observed at all time points studied. Mean parasites/ml ± SD were 19.4 ± 79.1 on day 0, 2.2 ± 11.7 on day 30, 0.9 ± 2.9 on day 180, and 0.3 ± 0.7 on day 365. Conclusions This study reports a significant reduction of L. infantum antibodies measured by an end point sera dilution ELISA method after 30 days of treatment associated with clinical improvement. A low proportion of sick dogs with moderate disease were negative by blood real-time PCR at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura Di Filippo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Ordeix
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Planellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, PRUAB, 08193, Bellaterra, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Montserrat
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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49
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Maia C, Altet L, Serrano L, Cristóvão JM, Tabar MD, Francino O, Cardoso L, Campino L, Roura X. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. in dogs from southern Portugal. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:170. [PMID: 27160085 PMCID: PMC4862134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis caused by the nematodes Dirofilaria immitis or Dirofilaria repens are vector-borne zoonoses widely present in the Mediterranean basin. In addition, some studies reported that the endosymbiont Wolbachia spp. play a role in the biology and pathogenesis of filarial parasites. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of mono- and co-infections by L. infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. and their association with clinical signs in dogs from the south of Portugal. Leishmanial, filarial and Wolbachia spp. DNA were evaluated by specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays in blood samples from 230 dogs. Findings One hundred and thirty-nine (60.4 %) dogs were qPCR-positive for L. infantum and 26 (11.3 %) for filariae (24 for D. immitis only, one D. immitis and for Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and another one for Acanthocheilonema reconditum only). Wolbachia spp. DNA was amplified from 16 (64.0 %) out of the 25 D. immitis-positive dogs. Nineteen (8.3 %) dogs were co-infected with L. infantum and D. immitis, including the one (0.4 %) A. drancunculoides-positive animal. In dogs without clinical signs consistent with leishmaniosis and/or dirofilariosis, L. infantum prevalence was 69 %, whereas in those dogs with at least one clinical manifestation compatible with any of the two parasitoses prevalence was 42.7 %. Leishmania prevalence was significantly higher in apparently healthy mongrels (77.2 %) and pets (76.9 %) than in defined-breed dogs (including crosses; 58.8 %) and in dogs with an aptitude other than pet (i.e. farm, guard, hunting, shepherd or stray), respectively, whereas in those dogs with at least one clinical sign, the detection of L. infantum DNA was higher in males (53.3 %) and in those dogs not receiving insect repellents (52.8 %). Conclusions The molecular detection of canine vector-borne disease (CVBD) agents, some of which are zoonotic, reinforces the need to implement efficient prophylactic measures, such as insect repellents and macrocyclic lactones (including compliance to administration), in the geographical areas where these agents are distributed, with the view to prevent infection and disease among mammalian hosts including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cristóvão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Francino
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,SVGM, Departamento de Ciencia Animal y de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lenea Campino
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Torres M, Pastor J, Roura X, Tabar MD, Espada Y, Font A, Balasch J, Planellas M. Adverse urinary effects of allopurinol in dogs with leishmaniasis. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:299-304. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Torres
- Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes; Carrer Balmes 81 08008 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Pastor
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - X. Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - M. D. Tabar
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Centro Policlínico Veterinario Raspeig, Calle Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez Rodriguez; 17, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig Alicante Spain
| | - Y. Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - A. Font
- Servei de Medecina Interna, Hospital Ars Veterinària; Carrer Cardedeu 3 08023 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Balasch
- Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes; Carrer Balmes 81 08008 Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Planellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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