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Al Abyad D, Serfaty X, Lefrançois P, Arbault S, Baciou L, Dupré-Crochet S, Kouzayha A, Bizouarn T. Role of the phospholipid binding sites, PX of p47 phox and PB region of Rac1, in the formation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex NOX2. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2023; 1865:184180. [PMID: 37245861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In phagocytes, superoxide anion (O2-), the precursor of reactive oxygen species, is produced by the NADPH oxidase complex to kill pathogens. Phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of the transmembrane cytochrome b558 (cyt b558) and four cytosolic components: p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1/2. The phagocyte activation by stimuli leads to activation of signal transduction pathways. This is followed by the translocation of cytosolic components to the membrane and their association with cyt b558 to form the active enzyme. To investigate the roles of membrane-interacting domains of the cytosolic proteins in the NADPH oxidase complex assembly and activity, we used giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (GUV). We also used the neutrophil-like cell line PLB-985 to investigate these roles under physiological conditions. We confirmed that the isolated proteins must be activated to bind to the membrane. We showed that their membrane binding was strengthened by the presence of the other cytosolic partners, with a key role for p47phox. We also used a fused chimera consisting of p47phox(aa 1-286), p67phox(aa 1-212) and Rac1Q61L, as well as mutated versions in the p47phox PX domain and the Rac polybasic region (PB). We showed that these two domains have a crucial role in the trimera membrane-binding and in the trimera assembly to cyt b558. They also have an impact on O2.- production in vitro and in cellulo: the PX domain strongly binding to GUV made of a mix of polar lipids; and the PB region strongly binding to the plasma membrane of neutrophils and resting PLB-985 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Al Abyad
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Lefrançois
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33402 Talence, France
| | - Stephane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33402 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Achraf Kouzayha
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Chetot T, Serfaty X, Carret L, Kriznik A, Sophie-Rahuel-Clermont, Grand L, Jacolot M, Popowycz F, Benoit E, Lambert V, Lattard V. Splice variants of protein disulfide isomerase - identification, distribution and functional characterization in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130280. [PMID: 36423740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) enzyme is an emerging therapeutic target in oncology and hematology. Although PDI reductase activity has been studied with isolated fragments of the protein, natural structural variations affecting reductase activity have not been addressed. METHODS In this study, we discovered four coding splice variants of the Pdi pre-mRNA in rats. In vitro Michaelis constants and apparent maximum steady-state rate constants after purification and distribution in different rat tissues were determined. RESULTS The consensus sequence was found to be the most expressed splice variant while the second most expressed variant represents 15 to 35% of total Pdi mRNA. The third variant shows a quasi-null expression profile and the fourth was not quantifiable. The consensus sequence splice variant and the second splice variant are widely expressed (transcription level) in the liver and even more present in males. Measurements of the reductase activity of recombinant PDI indicate that the consensus sequence and third splice variant are fully active variants. The second most expressed variant, differing by a lack of signal peptide, was found active but less than the consensus sequence. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our work emphasizes the importance of taking splice variants into account when studying PDI-like proteins to understand the full biological functionalities of PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chetot
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Léna Carret
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France
| | | | | | - Lucie Grand
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Maïwenn Jacolot
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Véronique Lambert
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'étoile, France.
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Rached A, Moriceau MA, Serfaty X, Lefebvre S, Lattard V. Biomarkers Potency to Monitor Non-target Fauna Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:616276. [PMID: 33426034 PMCID: PMC7785832 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.616276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides to control agricultural pests is a hot topic on the public scene of environmental health. Selective pest control for minimum environmental impact is a major goal of the environmental toxicology field, notably to avoid unintended poisoning in different organisms. Anticoagulant rodenticides cause abnormal blood coagulation process; they have been widely used to control rodents, allowing inadvertent primary and secondary exposure in domestic animals and non-target predatory wildlife species through direct ingestion of rodenticide-containing bait or by consumption of poisoned prey. To report toxic effect, the most common approach is the measurement of liver or plasma residues of anticoagulant rodenticides in dead or intoxicated animals showing clinical symptoms. However, one major challenge is that literature currently lacks a hepatic or plasma concentration threshold value for the differentiation of exposure from toxicity. Regarding the variation in pharmacology properties of anticoagulant rodenticides inter- and intra-species, the dose-response relationship must be defined for each species to prejudge the relative risk of poisoning. Beyond that, biomarkers are a key solution widely used for ecological risk assessment of contaminants. Since anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have toxic effects at the biochemical level, biomarkers can serve as indicators of toxic exposure. In this sense, toxicological knowledge of anticoagulant rodenticides within organisms is an important tool for defining sensitive, specific, and suitable biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic parameters of anticoagulant rodenticides in different animal species. We examine different types of biomarkers used to characterize and differentiate the exposure and toxic effects of anticoagulant rodenticide, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the assays. Finally, we describe possible new biomarkers and highlight their capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Serfaty X, Lefrançois P, Houée-Levin C, Arbault S, Baciou L, Bizouarn T. Impacts of vesicular environment on Nox2 activity measurements in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129767. [PMID: 33141062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of superoxide anions (O2•-) by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex has a crucial role in the destruction of pathogens in innate immunity. Majority of in vitro studies on the functioning of NADPH oxidase indirectly follows the enzymatic reaction by the superoxide reduction of cytochrome c (cyt c). Only few reports mention the alternative approach consisting in measuring the NADPH consumption rate. When using membrane vesicles of human neutrophils, the enzyme specific activity is generally found twice higher by monitoring the NADPH oxidation than by measuring the cyt c reduction. Up to now, the literature provides only little explanations about such discrepancy despite the critical importance to quantify the exact enzyme activity. METHODS We deciphered the reasons of this disparity in studying the role of key parameters, including. cyt c and arachidonic acid concentrations, in conjunction with an ionophore, a detergent and using Clark electrode to measure the O2 consumption rates. RESULTS Our results show that the O2•- low permeability of the vesicle membrane as well as secondary reactions (O2•- and H2O2 disproportionations) are strong clues to shed light on this inconsistency. CONCLUSION AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results altogether indicate that the cyt c reduction method underestimates the accurate Nox2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Serfaty
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Lefrançois
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, NSysA group, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, NSysA group, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405, Orsay, France.
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Bizouarn T, Souabni H, Serfaty X, Bouraoui A, Masoud R, Karimi G, Houée-Levin C, Baciou L. A Close-Up View of the Impact of Arachidonic Acid on the Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:75-101. [PMID: 31172467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase NOX2 complex consists of assembled cytosolic and redox membrane proteins. In mammalian cells, natural arachidonic acid (cis-AA), released by activated phospholipase-A2, plays an important role in the activation of the NADPH oxidase, but the mechanism of action of cis-AA is still a matter of debate. In cell-free systems, cis-AA is commonly used for activation although its structural effects are still unclear. Undoubtedly cis-AA participates in the synergistic multi-partner assembly that can be hardly studied at the molecular level in vivo due to cellular complexity. The capacity of this anionic amphiphilic fatty acid to activate the oxidase is mainly explained by its ability to disrupt intramolecular bonds, mimicking phosphorylation events in cell signaling and therefore allowing protein-protein interactions. Interestingly the geometric isomerism of the fatty acid and its purity are crucial for optimal superoxide production in cell-free assays. Indeed, optimal NADPH oxidase assembly was hampered by the substitution of the cis form by the trans forms of AA isomers (Souabni et al., BBA-Biomembranes 1818:2314-2324, 2012). Structural analysis of the changes induced by these two compounds, by circular dichroism and by biochemical methods, revealed differences in the interaction between subunits. We describe how the specific geometry of AA plays an important role in the activation of the NOX2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hager Souabni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Aicha Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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Masoud R, Serfaty X, Erard M, Machillot P, Karimi G, Hudik E, Wien F, Baciou L, Houée-Levin C, Bizouarn T. Conversion of NOX2 into a constitutive enzyme in vitro and in living cells, after its binding with a chimera of the regulatory subunits. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:470-477. [PMID: 29079525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the phagocytosis of pathogens by phagocyte cells, the NADPH oxidase complex is activated to produce superoxide anion, a precursor of microbial oxidants. The activated NADPH oxidase complex from phagocytes consists in two transmembrane proteins (Nox2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic proteins (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox and Rac1-2). In the resting state of the cells, these proteins are dispersed in the cytosol, the membrane of granules and the plasma membrane. In order to synchronize the assembly of the cytosolic subunits on the membrane components of the oxidase, a fusion of the cytosolic proteins p47phox, p67phox and Rac1 named trimera was constructed. The trimera investigated in this paper is composed of the p47phox segment 1-286, the p67phox segment 1-212 and the mutated Rac1(Q61L). We demonstrate that the complex trimera-cyt b558 is functionally comparable to the one containing the separated subunits. Each of the subunits p47phox, p67phox and Rac1Q61L has kept its own activating property. The trimera is produced in an activated conformation as seen by circular dichroism. However, the presence of amphiphile is still necessary in a cell-free system to trigger superoxide anion production. The COS7gp91-p22 cells expressing the trimera produce continuously superoxide anion at high rate. This constitutive activity in cells can be of particular interest for understanding the NADPH oxidase functioning independently of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, campus Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Baciou L, Masoud R, Souabni H, Serfaty X, Karimi G, Bizouarn T, Houée Levin C. Phagocyte NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress and lipids: Anti- or pro ageing? Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:30-34. [PMID: 29103982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase in ageing is debated because of the dual roles of free radicals, toxic though necessary. In this paper we summarize some results about two aspects linked to the regulation of the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Nox2), encountered frequently in elderly people: inflammation and hypercholesterolemia. In the presence of a high amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) created by itself or by any other source, the enzyme activity is mostly lowered. Oxidation of the membrane and/or of one of the cytosolic partners could be responsible for this loss of activity. However using a cell free system, we had also shown that a low amount of ROS could activate this enzyme. Similarly, cholesterol has a similar dual role, either activating or inhibiting. In in vitro cell free system with neutrophil membranes from healthy donors, the addition, as well as the removal of cholesterol, diminishes the Nox2 activity. The activity of Nox2 is lowered in neutrophils of untreated hypercholesterolemic patients. Finally oxysterols (25-hydroxy-cholesterol or 5α, 6α - epoxy-cholesterol) do not induce effects different from that of non-oxidized cholesterol. These findings are in agreement with the Janus role of NADPH oxidase, the main source of non-mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Hager Souabni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Houée Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
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Scuderi D, Ignasiak MT, Serfaty X, de Oliveira P, Houée Levin C. Tandem mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy as a tool to identify peptide oxidized residues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:25998-6007. [PMID: 26292724 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The final products obtained by the oxidation of small model peptides containing the thioether function, either methionine or S-methyl cysteine, have been characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and IR Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The modified positions have been clearly identified by the CID-MS(2) fragmentation mass spectra with or without loss of sulfenic acid, as well as by the vibrational signature of the sulfoxide bond at around 1000 cm(-1). The oxidation of the thioether function did not lead to the same products in these model peptides. The sulfoxide and sulfone (to a lesser extent) have been clearly identified as final products of the oxidation of S-methyl-glutathione (GS-Me). Decarboxylation or hydrogen loss are the major oxidation pathways in GS-Me, while they have not been observed in tryptophan-methionine and methionine-tryptophan (Trp-Met and Met-Trp). Interestingly, tryptophan is oxidized in the dipeptide Met-Trp, while that is not the case in the reverse sequence (Trp-Met).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scuderi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Bizouarn T, Karimi G, Masoud R, Souabni H, Machillot P, Serfaty X, Wien F, Réfrégiers M, Houée-Levin C, Baciou L. Exploring the arachidonic acid-induced structural changes in phagocyte NADPH oxidase p47phoxand p67phoxvia thiol accessibility and SRCD spectroscopy. FEBS J 2016; 283:2896-910. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Hager Souabni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Campus Paris-Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
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