Protocol for scarless genome editing of human pluripotent stem cell based on orthogonal selective reporters

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for applications in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Here, we present a protocol for establishing edited hPSC cell lines utilizing visualized orthogonal selective reporters. We describe steps for constructing plasmids, carrying out cell culture and electroporation, as well as performing drug-fluorescent dual enrichment, clone screening, and cell line characterization. This protocol facilitates the achievement of single-base homozygous mutations and reporter knockins, offering a reliable approach for precision genome editing.

Automatic Shrimp Fry Counting Method Using Multi-Scale Attention Fusion

Shrimp fry counting is an important task for biomass estimation in aquaculture. Accurate counting of the number of shrimp fry in tanks can not only assess the production of mature shrimp but also assess the density of shrimp fry in the tanks, which is very helpful for the subsequent growth status, transportation management, and yield assessment. However, traditional manual counting methods are often inefficient and prone to counting errors; a more efficient and accurate method for shrimp fry counting is urgently needed. In this paper, we first collected and labeled the images of shrimp fry in breeding tanks according to the constructed experimental environment and generated corresponding density maps using the Gaussian kernel function. Then, we proposed a multi-scale attention fusion-based shrimp fry counting network called the SFCNet. Experiments showed that our proposed SFCNet model reached the optimal performance in terms of shrimp fry counting compared to CNN-based baseline counting models, with MAEs and RMSEs of 3.96 and 4.682, respectively. This approach was able to effectively calculate the number of shrimp fry and provided a better solution for accurately calculating the number of shrimp fry.

Galectin-3 impairs calcium transients and β-cell function

In diabetes, macrophages and inflammation are increased in the islets, along with β-cell dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3 (Gal3), mainly produced and secreted by macrophages, is elevated in islets from both high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and diabetic db/db mice. Gal3 acutely reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cell lines and primary islets in mice and humans. Importantly, Gal3 binds to calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1 (CACNG1) and inhibits calcium influx via the cytomembrane and subsequent GSIS. β-Cell CACNG1 deficiency phenocopies Gal3 treatment. Inhibition of Gal3 through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function improves GSIS and glucose homeostasis in both HFD-fed and db/db mice. All animal findings are applicable to male mice. Here we show a role of Gal3 in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and Gal3 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Emergence of Long-Range Angular Correlations in Low-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions

This Letter presents the measurement of near-side associated per-trigger yields, denoted ridge yields, from the analysis of angular correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. Long-range ridge yields are extracted for pairs of charged particles with a pseudorapidity difference of 1.4<|Δη|<1.8 and a transverse momentum of 1 Collapse

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First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production

The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1  GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.

Cellular nucleus image-based smarter microscope system for single cell analysis

Cell imaging technology is undoubtedly a powerful tool for studying single-cell heterogeneity due to its non-invasive and visual advantages. It covers microscope hardware, software, and image analysis techniques, which are hindered by low throughput owing to abundant hands-on time and expertise. Herein, a cellular nucleus image-based smarter microscope system for single-cell analysis is reported to achieve high-throughput analysis and high-content detection of cells. By combining the hardware of an automatic fluorescence microscope and multi-object recognition/acquisition software, we have achieved more advanced process automation with the assistance of Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which realizes a high-throughput collection of single-cell images. Automated acquisition of single-cell images has benefits beyond ease and throughout and can lead to uniform standard and higher quality images. We further constructed a single-cell image database-based convolutional neural network (Efficient Convolutional Neural Network, E-CNN) exceeding 20618 single-cell nucleus images. Computational analysis of large and complex data sets enhances the content and efficiency of single-cell analysis with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which breaks through the super-resolution microscope's hardware limitation, such as specialized light sources with specific wavelengths, advanced optical components, and high-performance graphics cards. Our system can identify single-cell nucleus images that cannot be artificially distinguished with an accuracy of 95.3%. Overall, we build an ordinary microscope into a high-throughput analysis and high-content smarter microscope system, making it a candidate tool for Imaging cytology.

Trimethylamine N-oxide impairs β-cell function and glucose tolerance

β-Cell dysfunction and β-cell loss are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we found that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) at a similar concentration to that found in diabetes could directly decrease glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in MIN6 cells and primary islets from mice or humans. Elevation of TMAO levels impairs GSIS, β-cell proportion, and glucose tolerance in male C57BL/6 J mice. TMAO inhibits calcium transients through NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines and induced Serca2 loss, and a Serca2 agonist reversed the effect of TMAO on β-cell function in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, long-term TMAO exposure promotes β-cell ER stress, dedifferentiation, and apoptosis and inhibits β-cell transcriptional identity. Inhibition of TMAO production improves β-cell GSIS, β-cell proportion, and glucose tolerance in both male db/db and choline diet-fed mice. These observations identify a role for TMAO in β-cell dysfunction and maintenance, and inhibition of TMAO could be an approach for the treatment of T2D.

3D Printed Ion-Responsive Personalized Transdermal Patch

Microneedle patches are easy-to-use medical devices for transdermal administration. However, the insufficient insertion of microneedles due to the gap between planar patches and contoured skin affects drug delivery. Herein, we formulate a prepolymer for high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) printed personalized transdermal patches. With the excellent photoinitiation ability of 2-(4-methoxystyryl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tz), a high-fidelity and precise microneedle patch is successfully fabricated. Upon irradiation of the white illuminator, the doped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the patch release heat and promisingly induce sweat production. With the introduction of Na+, the dominant component of sweat, the curvature of the produced transdermal patch is observed due to the ion-induced network rearrangement. The alkanethiol-stabilized AuNP with an end group of a carboxyl group causes controlled drug release behavior. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced photothermal heating of AuNP can facilitate the sustainability of drug release thanks to the substantially increased particle size of AuNP. These findings demonstrate that the developed prepolymer is a promising candidate for the production of transdermal patches fitting the curvature of the body surface.

[Regulation of oral microbiota homeostasis and oral diseases]

Oral microbiome consists of diverse bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan populations, with whose stability, functionality, and assembly process are regulated by complex interactions between the host and microbes. High-throughput sequencing technology provides insights into the classification structure, genomic composition, function, and dynamical changes of oral microbiome under healthy and morbid conditions. This review aims to outline the establishment and homeostasis maintenance of regulating oral microbiome, as well as the common oral disease-related microbial imbalance, influencing factors and emerging methods. With perspectives from microbiology, immunology, and multi-omics, we can delve into the complex molecular dialogue between the human body and microbes. Deep understandings of the assembly principles, intercellular signals, stress adaptability, and triggering factors of microbial imbalance are crucial for developing new diagnostic technologies, treatment plans, and custom probiotics. These methods can precisely target and minimize disruption to the oral microbiome. Regulating oral microbiome by using methods such as small molecules, diet, prebiotics, probiotics, phages offers new opportunities to enhance oral and overall health.

[Feasibility and efficacy of pre-management of superior laryngeal artery in endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer]

Objective: To explore the feasibility and efficacy for the dissection and ligation of the superior laryngeal artery in endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods: Eight cadaveric heads were selected, and the laryngopharynxes were harvested. The positions of the superior laryngeal arteries entering the larynxes were dissected and observed under endoscopic vision, and their anatomical characteristics were summarized. Twenty-nine patients (all were male, aged 39-74 years old) with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent transoral endoscopic surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots, namely, the superior laryngeal artery was actively dissected and occluded during surgery in observation group (n=15) or not in control group (n=14). The differences in surgical time, bleeding volume, postoperative complications, and postoperative disease-free survival rate were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The entry point of the superior laryngeal artery into the larynx was approximately at the level of the superior edge of the thyroid cartilage, and entered the larynx at the posterior one-third of the lateral wall of the pyriform fossa. The superior laryngeal artery might be determined through endoscopic exploration in all patients of observation group. The endoscopic surgery time [(40.00±7.56) minutes] and intraoperative bleeding volume [(24.00±8.28) ml] in the observation group were respectively less than those [(48.57±14.06) minutes and (42.86±15.41) ml] in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-2.064, P=0.049; t=-4.064, P=0.001). There was no case with postoperative bleeding in the observation group, but with one case of postoperative bleeding in the control group. Total disease free survival rate was 86.2% and there was no significant difference in disease free survival rates between the two groups during a follow-up period of at least 36 months (P=0.986). Conclusion: Dissection of the superior laryngeal artery during endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer is feasible, and pre-management and occlusion of the superior laryngeal artery can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding.

Cuprotosis clusters predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in low-grade glioma

Cuprotosis, an emerging mode of cell death, has recently caught the attention of researchers worldwide. However, its impact on low-grade glioma (LGG) patients has not been fully explored. To gain a deeper insight into the relationship between cuprotosis and LGG patients' prognosis, we conducted this study in which LGG patients were divided into two clusters based on the expression of 18 cuprotosis-related genes. We found that LGG patients in cluster A had better prognosis than those in cluster B. The two clusters also differed in terms of immune cell infiltration and biological functions. Moreover, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two clusters and developed a cuprotosis-related prognostic signature through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis in the TCGA training cohort. This signature divided LGG patients into high- and low-risk groups, with the high-risk group having significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time than the low-risk group. Its predictive reliability for prognosis in LGG patients was confirmed by the TCGA internal validation cohort, CGGA325 cohort and CGGA693 cohort. Additionally, a nomogram was used to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of each patient. The analysis of immune checkpoints and tumor mutation burden (TMB) has revealed that individuals belonging to high-risk groups have a greater chance of benefiting from immunotherapy. Functional experiments confirmed that interfering with the signature gene TNFRSF11B inhibited LGG cell proliferation and migration. Overall, this study shed light on the importance of cuprotosis in LGG patient prognosis. The cuprotosis-related prognostic signature is a reliable predictor for patient outcomes and immunotherapeutic response and can help to develop new therapies for LGG.

Readily releasable β cells with tight Ca2+-exocytosis coupling dictate biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

Biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is essential for blood glucose regulation, but a mechanistic model incorporating the recently identified islet β cell heterogeneity remains elusive. Here, we show that insulin secretion is spatially and dynamically heterogeneous across the islet. Using a zinc-based fluorophore with spinning-disc confocal microscopy, we reveal that approximately 40% of islet cells, which we call readily releasable β cells (RRβs), are responsible for 80% of insulin exocytosis events. Although glucose up to 18.2 mM fully mobilized RRβs to release insulin synchronously (first phase), even higher glucose concentrations enhanced the sustained secretion from these cells (second phase). Release-incompetent β cells show similarities to RRβs in glucose-evoked Ca2+ transients but exhibit Ca2+-exocytosis coupling deficiency. A decreased number of RRβs and their altered secretory ability are associated with impaired GSIS progression in ob/ob mice. Our data reveal functional heterogeneity at the level of exocytosis among β cells and identify RRβs as a subpopulation of β cells that make a disproportionally large contribution to biphasic GSIS from mouse islets.

ψ(2S) Suppression in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.5 Collapse

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Dietary supplementation of proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and gut microbiota of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets

Low-tannin sorghum is an excellent energy source in pig diets. However, sorghum contains several anti-nutritional factors that may have negative effects on nutrient digestibility. The impacts of proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and gut microbiota of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets were studied in this study. Ninety-six pigs (20.66 ± 0.65 kg BW) were allocated into three groups (eight pens/group, four pigs/pen): (1) CON (control diet, sorghum-based diet included 66.98% sorghum), (2) PRO1 (CON + 200 mg/kg proteases), (3) PRO2 (CON + 400 mg/kg proteases) for 28 d. No differences were observed in growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients between CON and PRO1 groups. Pigs fed PRO2 diet had increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 21 and 28, and increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain during d 14-21 and the overall period compared with pigs fed CON diet. In addition, pigs fed PRO2 diet had improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of gross energy, CP, and DM compared with pigs fed CON and PRO1 diets. Pigs fed PRO2 diet had lower (P < 0.05) plasma globulin (GLB) level and higher (P < 0.05) plasma glucose, albumin (ALB) and immunoglobulin G levels, and ALB/GLB ratio than pigs fed CON and PRO1 diets. Furthermore, pigs fed PRO2 diet had decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota at the phylum level and increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella_9 at the genus level. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis also showed that pigs fed PRO2 diet had significantly enriched short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as Subdoligranulum and Parabacteroides. In conclusion, protease supplementation at 400 mg/kg improved the growth performance of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets, which may be attributed to the improvement of nutrient digestibility, host metabolism, immune status and associated with the altered gut microbiota profiles.

[Attitude toward sexual health education and its correlates among community-based older adults in Shanghai]

Objective: To understand the attitudes toward sexual health education and its correlates among community-based older adults in Shanghai, China. Methods: From June 2020 to December 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among community residents aged ≥50 in Shanghai through multi-stage sampling. The estimated sample size was 735. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, health characteristics, and history of sexual health education. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the correlates of attitudes toward sexual health education among community-based older adults. Results: A total of 824 participants (489 males and 335 females) with age of (65.1±8.1) years were included, whose main age distribution was 60-69 years (45.3%). The prevalence of supporting sexual health education among older adults was 49.4% (45.2% of men and 55.5% of women). Males (aOR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.44-0.83), aged 70 years and older (aOR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.40-0.94), urban residents (aOR= 2.54, 95%CI: 1.81-3.58), self-reported very good or excellent health status (aOR=1.64,95%CI: 1.04-2.58), having depressive symptoms (aOR=0.37,95%CI: 0.15-0.85), and having a history of sexual health education (aOR=8.64,95%CI: 4.62-17.70) were associated with their attitude toward sexual health education. Conclusions: The proportion of community-based older adults in Shanghai who support sexual health education was not high. Their attitudes toward sexual health education were associated with their self-reported health status, depressive symptoms, and history of sex education. Health professionals and institutions should focus on community-based older adults with key characteristics and tailor interventions to promote the willingness to receive sexual health education among older adults in China and to promote the popularity of sexual health education in this population.

[Sexually active status and its correlates among community-based older adults in Tianjin]

Objective: To understand the sexually active status among community-based older adults aged ≥50 years in Tianjin, China, and to explore the potential correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage sampling among community-based older adults aged ≥50 was conducted between June 2020 and December 2022. The estimated sample size was 735. The survey collected questionnaire information through face-to-face interviews with investigators, including sociodemographic, health, and sexual lifestyle characteristics. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess correlates of sexually active status. Results: A total of 776 study participants (510 males and 266 females) were included, whose major age distribution was 50-59 years (45.9%). The overall sexual activity prevalence of the participants was 45.6%. Older age (60-69: aOR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.45-0.99; ≥70: aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.07-0.21), being male (aOR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.32-2.82), living in urban area (aOR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.12-0.28), living with spouse/married (aOR=2.80, 95%CI: 1.41-5.58), living alone (aOR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.27-0.96), having difficulty climbing stairs or walking (aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.97), having chronic diseases (one chronic disease: aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.36-0.85; two or more chronic diseases: aOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.33-0.84) were associated with sexually active status among older adults. Conclusions: Many community-based older adults remained sexually active. There was an association between physical health and sexually active status among community-based older adults. Incorporating sexual health services into healthcare services for community-based older adults could be advocated, with a concurrent emphasis on enhancing the awareness and competence of providing sexual health services among community-based healthcare workers.

[Utilization of sexual and reproductive health services and its correlates among community- based older adults in Chongqing]

Objective: To investigate the utilization of sexual health services among community-based older adults in Chongqing and explore its potential correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage sampling among community-based older adults aged ≥50 years was conducted in Chongqing between June 2020 and December 2022. A questionnaire including information on demographic characteristics, general health, sexual health status, and sexual health services utilization was collected. Sexual health and reproductive services utilization was defined as having ever been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or having had a male/gynecological reproductive health examination in the past year. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of the utilization of sexual health services. Results: A total of 794 community-based older adults participated in the study (482 were male, and 312 were female). The mean age was (62.8±8.2) years. The proportion of HIV testing was 18.0%, and the proportion of reproductive health examination was 10.1% among community-based older adults. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age group of 60-69 years (aOR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.18-0.76), female (aOR=11.34, 95%CI: 5.71-22.52), monthly income ≥5 000 yuan (aOR=3.05, 95%CI: 1.01-9.27), being sexual activity (aOR=4.99, 95%CI: 2.23-11.15) was significantly associated with had a reproductive health examination in the past year. Conclusions: The proportion of sexual health services utilization among older adults was low. Older sexual health education should be further strengthened, the close relationship between older adults should be correctly guided and dealt with, and the sexual health services suitable for the older population should be formulated.

[Condom use and its correlates among community-based older adults in Chongqing]

Objective: To understand the current status of condom use and its correlates among community-based older adults in Chongqing, China. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a multistage sampling method was conducted in Chongqing from June 2020 to December 2022. The estimated sample size was 735. Through face-to-face interviews, the investigators collected the sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior characteristics, awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge, etc. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the correlates of condom use during the last sexual behavior among the participants. Results: A total of 761 participants were included in this study, with 476 males and 285 females, whose average age was (63.8±8.2) years old, mainly in the age group of 60-69 years (44.5%). Among the participants, the rate of condom use during the last sexual behavior was 9.7%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that correlates of condom use during the last sexual behavior included urban household registration (aOR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.12-4.89), monthly income of 1 000-4 999 Yuan, and 5 000 Yuan and above (aOR=4.49, 95%CI: 1.31-15.41; aOR=16.33, 95%CI: 4.30-62.00), self-assessed sexual behavior risk as very risky/relatively risky (aOR=3.97, 95%CI: 1.40-11.31), awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge (aOR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.21-0.62). Conclusions: The rate of condom use among community-based older adults in Chongqing is low. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken in combination with the characteristics and needs of community-based older adults to improve awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge and perception of AIDS risk and promote condom use among this population.

Strontium ranelate enriched Ruminococcus albus in the gut microbiome of Sprague-Dawley rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis

BACKGROUND

Gut microbiome is critical to our human health and is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis oral drug that can promote osteoblast formation and inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the effect of SrR on gut microbiome has been rarely studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oral SrR on gut microbiome and metabolic profiles.

RESULTS

In this study, we used ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats to construct a PMO model and applied oral SrR for 6 weeks. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiome was investigated by 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to analyze changes in metabolites of intestinal contents. Results demonstrated that 6-week oral SrR alleviated osteoporosis and significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolic profiles of OVX rats. Ruminococcus, Akkermansia and Oscillospira were significantly enriched in the gut of OVX rats after 6-week oral SrR. Especially, the species R. albus showed the greatest importance by a random forest classifier between OVX and OVX_Sr group. The enrichment of R. albus in the gut was positively correlated with bone mineral density and the accumulation of lycopene and glutaric acid, which also significantly elevated after oral SrR.

CONCLUSIONS

We discovered that oral SrR can improve bone health while stimulate the accumulation of gut microbe R. albus and metabolites (lycopene and glutaric acid). The results suggested possible connections between oral SrR and the gut-bone axis, which may provide new insight into the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis.

Impact of sex on treatment-related adverse effects and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND

In nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), women have a lower incidence and mortality rate than men. Whether sex influences the prognosis of NPC patients remains debatable. We retrospectively examined the influence of sex on treatment-related side effects and prognosis in NPC.

METHODS

Clinical data of 1,462 patients with NPC treated at the Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2004 to December 2015 were retrospectively examined. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences in overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), local recurrence-free survival(LRFS), and progression-free survival(PFS), as well as treatment-related adverse effects, including myelosuppression, gastrointestinal responses, and radiation pharyngitis and dermatitis, between men and women.

RESULTS

Women had better 5-year OS (81.5% vs. 87.1%, P = 0.032) and DMFS (76.2% vs. 83.9%, P = 0.004) than men. Analysis by age showed that the prognoses of premenopausal and menopausal women were better than those of men, whereas prognoses of postmenopausal women and men were not significantly different. Additionally, women had a better prognosis when stratified by treatment regimen. Furthermore, chemotherapy-related adverse effects were more severe in women than in men; however, the incidences of radiation laryngitis and dermatitis were not significantly different between the sexes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the female sex was an independent risk factor for severe myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions.

CONCLUSIONS

Chemotherapy-related side effects are more severe but the overall prognosis is better in women with NPC than in men with NPC. Patients may benefit from a personalized treatment approach for NPC.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital of the Southern Medical University (NFEC-201,710-K3).

Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30  GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.

Single-stage computer-assisted approach for tumour resection and functional restoration of Brown class III maxillary defects-titanium mesh and zygomatic implants combined with vascularized anterolateral thigh flap

The functional restoration of Brown class III maxillary defects is a challenging endeavour in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Conventional reconstruction techniques with osseous free flaps have certain limitations, such as the need for multiple operations and greater patient morbidity. This study introduces a single-stage computer-assisted approach for tumour resection and functional restoration of these defects using titanium mesh, zygomatic implants, and a vascularized anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF). Virtual surgical planning was used to simulate tumour resection, titanium mesh placement, and zygomatic implant insertion. Surgery was performed under the guidance of mixed reality and surgical navigation. The tumour was resected by total hemimaxillectomy, and the reconstruction was performed using a pre-bent patient-specific titanium mesh for the orbital floor and two zygomatic implants placed and exposed through tunnels in an ALTF. The ALTF survived without any perioperative complications. A fixed prosthesis with built-in titanium frame was delivered 4 months postoperatively. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no tumour recurrence, the implants were osseointegrated, and aesthetics and masticatory function were satisfactory. An occlusal force of 155 N was attained on the reconstructed side, compared to 127 N on the non-surgical side.

[Standardized nomenclature of oral microorganisms in Chinese: the 2023 update]

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

A Phase 2 Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Laryngocarcinoma

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

For locally advanced laryngeal cancer (LAL), the local recurrence rate remains 19-40% after radical surgery with postoperative radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unfavorable prognostic factors. We evaluate local control and acute toxicity of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a tumor bed boost for locally advanced laryngeal cancer in this prospective phase 2 trial.

MATERIALS/METHODS

This phase II clinical study in which a total of 63 LAL patients (T2N1-3/T3N0-3/T4N0-3) were selected and received IORT (T2: 8-10Gy, T3,4:12-15 Gy) as a tumor bed boost during radical surgery, then received external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) at a total dose of 54-60Gy within 6 weeks after surgery, 5 times per week, 1.8-2Gy per time, 30 times in total. The median follow-up time was 20 months (7 -39 months). The primary outcome was the local control (LC) and 2 - year survival rate determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04278638.

RESULTS

A total of 63 patients consented to participate in the study; 59 males and 4 females, median age was 61 years (40-81 years), 14 patients had supraglottic LAL, 44 patients had glottic LAL and 5 patients had subglottic LAL. 10 patients showed high differentiation and 44 patients showed moderate differentiation and 9 patients showed low differentiation with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 3 patients were in T2N1-2 stage, 40 patients in T3N0-2 stage, and 20 patients in T4N0-2 stage, 48 patients received total laryngectomy and 15 patients received hemilaryngectomy; 16 patients were lymph node-positive and 1 patient developed vascular tumor thrombus after surgery. After surgery combined with IORT and EBRT, the 1- and 2- year LC rates were 98.2% and 93.1 %, respectively, 2-year overall survival rate was 97.4%. Pharyngeal fistula was observed in 1 patient (1. 6 %) and wound infection in 3 patients (4.8%). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 3 pain and RTOG grade 4 dyspnea were noted in one patient (1.6%) and 2 patients (3.2 %), respectively.

CONCLUSION

In summary, our prospective phase II trial proved that the addition of intraoperative radiotherapy as a tumor bed boost to postoperative radiotherapy provided local therapeutic benefit to patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer. Our data support the safety of this combined therapy. Additional investigation is warranted to determine the role of intraoperative radiotherapy in the local treatment of locally advanced laryngeal cancer.

An explainable machine-learning approach for revealing the complex synthesis path-property relationships of nanomaterials

Machine learning (ML) models have recently shown important advantages in predicting nanomaterial properties, which avoids many trial-and-error explorations. However, complex variables that control the formation of nanomaterials exhibiting the desired properties still need to be better understood owing to the low interpretability of ML models and the lack of detailed mechanism information on nanomaterial properties. In this study, we developed a methodology for accurately predicting multiple synthesis parameter-property relationships of nanomaterials to improve the interpretability of the nanomaterial property mechanism. As a proof-of-concept, we designed glutathione-gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) exhibiting an appropriate fluorescence quantum yield (QY). First, we conducted 189 experiments and synthesized different GSH-AuNCs by varying the thiol-to-metal molar ratio and reaction temperature and time in reasonable ranges. The fluorescence QY of GSH-AuNCs could be systematically and independently programmed using different experimental parameters. We used limited GSH-AuNC synthesis parameter data to train an extreme gradient boosting regressor model. Moreover, we improved the interpretability of the ML model by combining individual conditional expectation, double-variable partial dependence, and feature interaction network analyses. The interpretability analyses established the relationship between multiple synthesis parameters and fluorescence QYs of GSH-AuNCs. The results represent an essential step towards revealing the complex fluorescence mechanism of thiolated AuNCs. Finally, we constructed a synthesis phase diagram exceeding 6.0 × 104 prediction variables for accurately predicting the fluorescence QY of GSH-AuNCs. A multidimensional synthesis phase diagram was obtained for the fluorescence QY of GSH-AuNCs by searching the synthesis parameter space in the trained ML model. Our methodology is a general and powerful complementary strategy for application in material informatics.

Measurement of the Lifetime and Λ Separation Energy of _{Λ}^{3}H

The most precise measurements to date of the _{Λ}^{3}H lifetime τ and Λ separation energy B_{Λ} are obtained using the data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV collected by ALICE at the LHC. The _{Λ}^{3}H is reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel (_{Λ}^{3}H→^{3}He+π^{-} and the charge-conjugate process). The measured values τ=[253±11(stat)±6(syst)]  ps and B_{Λ}=[102±63(stat)±67(syst)]  keV are compatible with predictions from effective field theories and confirm that the _{Λ}^{3}H structure is consistent with a weakly bound system.

Anaesthesia-related mortality within 24 h following 9,391,669 anaesthetics in 10 cities in Hubei Province, China: a serial cross-sectional study

Background

The mortality risk related to anaesthesia in China remains poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anaesthesia-related mortality in terms of its incidence, changes, causes and preventability in Hubei, China, between 2017 and 2021 using a series of annual surveys.

Methods

We prospectively collected information on patient, surgical, anaesthesia, and hospital characteristics for 9,391,669 anaesthesia procedures performed between 2017 and 2021 in 10 cities within Hubei Province, China. Anaesthesia-related death was defined as death that deemed to be entirely or partially attributable to anaesthesia, occurring within 24 h following anaesthesia administration. All fatalities were scrutinized consecutively to determine their root causes and preventability. The incidence and patterns of anaesthesia-related deaths were analysed from 2017 to 2021. A mixed-effects model with a Poisson link function was fitted to evaluate the city-level annual changes in risk-adjusted incidence of anaesthesia-related deaths.

Findings

600 cases of anaesthetic deaths occurred from 2017 to 2021, yielding an incidence of 6.4 per 100,000 anaesthesia procedures [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 5.9, 6.9], and most were preventable (71.3%). There was a significant decrease from 2017 to 2021, in the incidences of anaesthesia-related death across all patients, those with American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status (ASAPS) ≥III, and those who had general anaesthesia, with a percentage reduction of 57.6%, 59.1%, and 55.9%, respectively. The risk-adjusted annual changes indicated significant downward trends for the incidence of anaesthetic mortality from 2017 to 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. For instance, the risk-adjusted annual changes for the anaesthetic mortality incidence from 2017 to 2021 was -2.5 (95% CI: -1.4, -4.7).

Interpretation

In this large, comprehensive database study conducted in Central China, the anaesthesia-related death incidence was 6.4 per 100,000. Notably, the incidence of anaesthesia-related deaths decreased between 2017 and 2021. However, further in-depth analysis is needed to understand the extent to which these trends represent a change in patient safety.

Funding

Innovation and optimization of perioperative respiratory system management strategy (Hubei Technological Innovation Special Fund, 2019ACA167).

Measurement of the J/ψ Polarization with Respect to the Event Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay products. We perform the study in the rapidity region 2.5 Collapse

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First Measurement of Antideuteron Number Fluctuations at Energies Available at the Large Hadron Collider

The first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions is presented. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (|η|<0.8) as a function of collision centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV using the ALICE detector. A significant negative correlation between the produced antiprotons and antideuterons is observed in all collision centralities. The results are compared with a state-of-the-art coalescence calculation. While it describes the ratio of higher order cumulants of the antideuteron multiplicity distribution, it fails to describe quantitatively the magnitude of the correlation between antiproton and antideuteron production. On the other hand, thermal-statistical model calculations describe all the measured observables within uncertainties only for correlation volumes that are different with respect to those describing proton yields and a similar measurement of net-proton number fluctuations.

Enhanced Deuteron Coalescence Probability in Jets

The transverse-momentum (p_{T}) spectra and coalescence parameters B_{2} of (anti)deuterons are measured in p-p collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, the direction of the leading particle with the highest p_{T} in the event (p_{T}^{lead}>5  GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions, and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons in the jet cone as compared with the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase-space distributions of nucleons are generated using pythia8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in pythia8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the B_{2}^{Jet} is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend.

Recombinant protein EBI3 attenuates Clonorchis sinensis-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation in mice

BACKGROUND

Chronic infection with Clonorchis sinensis can cause hepatobiliary fibrosis and even lead to hepatobiliary carcinoma. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 protein (EBI3) is a subunit of interleukin 35, which can regulate inflammatory response and the occurrence of fibrotic diseases. Previous studies have reported that the expression of EBI3 in the serum of patients with liver cirrhosis is reduced. The present study aims to investigate the biological effects of EBI3 on liver fibrosis caused by C. sinensis and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODS

We first established a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by C. sinensis infection and then measured the serum expression of EBI3 during the inflammatory and fibrotic phase. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses were performed to investigate the potential role of EBI3 in liver fibrosis by regulating the extracellular matrix structural constituent and collagen catabolic process. Recombinant protein EBI3 (rEBI3) was added to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro with C. sinensis antigen to explore its function. Finally, the therapeutic effect of rEBI3 was verified by intravenous injection into C. sinensis-infected mice.

RESULTS

The results showed that the serum expression of EBI3 increased in the inflammatory response phase but decreased in the fibrotic phase. The excretory-secretory products of C. sinensis (Cs.ESP) were able to stimulate HSC activation, while rEBI3 reduced the activation of HSCs induced by Cs.ESP. Also, the protein expression of gp130 and downstream protein expressions of JAK1, p-JAK1, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in HSCs were increased after rEBI3 incubation. Finally, intravenously injected rEBI3 inhibited hepatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition in C. sinensis-infected mice by inhibiting HSC activation and reducing liver injury.

CONCLUSION

This study confirms that rEBI3 can attenuate C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSC activation and may be one of the potential treatments for liver fibrosis.

[Analysis the effect of cytokine-induced killer cells combined with mFOLFOX6 regimen in chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer]

Objective: To investigate the effect of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) combined with mFOLFOX6 regimen (fluorouracil+oxaliplatin+calcium folinate) on advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: 161 patients with advanced colon cancer admitted to the Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province from 2019 to 2021 were selected and divided into the study group (mFOLFOX6 regimen chemotherapy+CIK therapy) with 80 cases and the control group (mFOLFOX6 regimen chemotherapy) with 81 cases. The KPS score, median survival time, progression-free survival time, the proportion of Treg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, the expression levels of Foxp3 and CD127 mRNA, the quality-of-life score and the occurrence of toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups before and after chemotherapy. Results: The ages of patients in the study group and the control group were (64.8±7.5) and (66.1±7.0) years old, respectively, and the proportions of males were 62.5% (50 cases) and 50.6% (41 cases), respectively (both P values>0.05). After 2 cycles of chemotherapy and at the end of chemotherapy, the proportions of Treg, Foxp3 and CD127 mRNA in the study group were lower than those in the control group [2 cycles of chemotherapy: (4.33±0.86)% vs (4.89±1.20)%, (0.61±0.22) vs (0.73±0.20), (0.58±0.13) vs (0.70±0.15); after chemotherapy: (2.66±0.70)% vs (3.31±0.84)%, (0.43±0.18) vs (0.51±0.16), (0.41±0.10) vs (0.50±0.13)] (all P values<0.05). The KPS scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group [2 cycles of chemotherapy: (68.41±5.41) points vs (65.38±5.11) points; after chemotherapy: (72.08±5.94) points vs (67.95±5.51) points] (all P values<0.05). The median survival time of the study group was (16.8±2.2) months, which was higher than that of the control group [(11.2±1.8) months]. The progression-free survival time of the study group was also higher than that of the control group [(9.5±1.1) months vs (6.4±1.2) months], and the mortality rate was lower than that of the control group [11.3% (9 cases) vs 31.3% (25 cases)] (all P values<0.001). After chemotherapy, the scores of physical function, emotional function and role function in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the scores of pains, fatigue and insomnia in the study group were lower than those in the control group (all P values<0.05). Conclusions: CIK combined with mFOLFOX6 regimen for advanced colorectal cancer can improve and regulate the immune function of patients, prolong the survival time of patients, and enhance the quality of life of patients.

Polyethylene Terephthalate Composite Films with Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Gas Barrier Properties via Self-Assembly Nanocoating

The flammability and gas barrier properties are essential for package material. Herein, a highly-oriented self-assembly nanocoating composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and montmorillonite (MMT) was prepared for endowing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films with excellent flame retardancy and gas barrier properties. The specific regular nanosheet structure of the PVA/MMT composite nanocoating was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the vertical burning test (VBT) suggested that the thermal stability and flame-retardancy of the coated PET films were considerably improved with more pick-up of the resulting nanocoating. When reaching 650 °C, there was still 22.6% char residual left for coated PET film, while only 6% char residual left for pristine PET film. During the vertical burning test, the flame did not spread through the whole PET film with the protection of PVA/MMT nanocoating, and no afterflame was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is consistent with vertical burning test, proving that the thermal stability and flame retardancy of coated PET films were considerably enhanced with the increment of PVA/MMT. Thanks to the multi-layer structure, PVA/MMT nanocoating could effectively improve the gas barrier properties of PET films, and the oxygen vapor transmittance rate and water vapor transmittance rate of PET films were more than four hundred times lower and 30% lower than those of neat PET film. Our work demonstrates that bi-functional flame retardant and gas barrier materials could be gained via constructing inorganic/organic highly-oriented self-assembly nanocoating, which is promising in the area of packaging.

Neck management of pathological N1 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

This study was performed to compare the effects of neck dissection procedures on the prognosis of patients with pathological N1 (pN1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), analyse factors affecting the prognosis, and provide a neck management strategy for clinical N1 (cN1) oral cancer. The study patients were divided into two groups according to the neck dissection: a selective neck dissection (SND) group (n = 85) and a radical or modified radical neck dissection (RND/MRND) group (n = 22). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence rates at local, regional, and distant sites between the SND and RND/MRND groups. The 5-year overall survival was 68.3% for SND and 65.2% for RND/MRND patients (P = 0.590), while the 5-year disease-specific survival was 70.4% for SND and 75.7% for RND/MRND patients (P = 0.715). Histological grade and postoperative radiotherapy were independent predictors of the outcome for SND patients. For histological grade II/III cases, 5-year overall survival (P = 0.004) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.002) outcomes differed significantly between patients treated with and without postoperative radiotherapy, with worse survival for patients not treated with radiotherapy. Therefore, SND appears appropriate for cN1 OSCC patients, and postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for those with histological grade II or III tumours.

Disaggregated Nano-Hydroxyapatite (DnHAP) with Inhibitory Effects on Biofilms and Demineralization

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) is considered a biocompatible agent that promotes the remineralization of dental hard tissue; however, its antibacterial efficacy is under scientific discussion. Therefore, this investigation aimed to specify the inhibitory effects of disaggregated nano-hydroxyapatite (DnHAP) on regrown biofilms and demineralization. Regrown biofilm models of single-species (Streptococcus mutans), dual-species (S. mutans and Candida albicans), and saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were established in vitro. Repeat treatment with DnHAP was applied to biofilms. The viability, lactic acid, biofilm structure, biomass, the inhibitory effect of demineralization, and virulence factors' expression were determined. In addition, the biofilm microbial community was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. DnHAP inhibited metabolism, lactic acid production, biomass, and water-insoluble polysaccharide production (P < 0.05) of regrown single/dual-species biofilms. Concerning the saliva-derived biofilms, samples treated with DnHAP showed lower biofilm metabolic activity without significant differences from samples treated with sterile deionized water (P > 0.05); in addition, saliva-derived biofilms treated with DnHAP exhibited lower lactic acid production (P < 0.05). The demineralization of bovine enamel was the lowest in the DnHAP group, as detected by transverse microradiography, and the lesion depth and volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The application of DnHAP did not change the diversity of regrown saliva-derived microcosm biofilms. In conclusion, this investigation showed that DnHAP could be a promising solution for the management of regrown biofilms to combat dental caries.

[Application and existing problems of artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial surgery]

The application of digital technology in the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial surgery has promoted the gradual transition from the traditional experience-dependent diagnosis and treatment mode to digital surgery. However, there are some limitations in the application of digital surgical technology. Recently, artificial intelligence has shown tremendous development. The oral and maxillofacial surgery with the goal of digitalization and intelligence has become an important direction of the development of the discipline. Based on the research results domestic and abroad, we discuss the application status and existing problems of artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial surgery, in order to promote the further development of artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Teacher feedback-based collaborative testing improves students' knowledge gaps of parasitology

Collaborative testing has been demonstrated the ability to improve students' performance, enhance students' learning, and aid in knowledge retention in many different courses. However, this examination mode lacks the process of teacher feedback. Herein, a short teacher feedback from was added immediately after the collaborative testing to improve the students' performance. A parasitology class of 121 undergraduates was randomized into two groups: group A and group B. Collaborative testing was carried out at the end of theoretical teaching. During the test, students would first answer questions as individuals for 20 minutes. Then, students from group A answered the same questions in groups (5 students in each group) for 20 minutes, while the group-testing duration was only 15 minutes in group B. Immediately after the group testing, teachers conducted a 5-minute feedback about the morphology identification according to the analysis of the answers by group B. Four weeks later, a final test was conducted in an individual test. The total scores and scores for each examination content were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the final exam scores between both groups (t = -1.278, P = 0.204). However, the morphological and diagnostic test results of the final examination in group B were significantly higher than those of the midterm examination, while there was no significant change in group A (t = 4.333, P = 0.051). The results confirmed that the teacher feedback after the collaborative testing can effectively make up for the students' knowledge gaps.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that collaborative group testing is helpful for teachers to grasp students' knowledge gaps more easily and the teacher feedback after the collaborative group testing can effectively make up for the knowledge gaps of students.

[Effects and mechanism of glycine on rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with serum from burned rats]

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of glycine on rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with serum from burned rats (hereinafter referred to as burn serum). Methods: Experimental research methods were adopted. Thirty gender equally balanced Wistar rats aged 7 to 8 weeks were collected, 10 of which were used to prepare normal rat serum (hereinafter referred to as normal serum), and the other 20 were inflicted with full-thickness burn of 30% total body surface area to prepare burn serum. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured from the apical tissue of 180 Wistar rats aged 1 to 3 days by either gender for follow-up experiments. Cells were divided into normal serum group and burn serum group treated with corresponding serum according to the random number table (the same grouping method below). Trypanosoma blue staining was performed at post treatment hour (PTH) 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 to detect the cell survival rate. Cells were divided into burn serum alone group treated with burn serum for 6 h followed by routine culture of 30 min and 0.4 mmol/L glycine group, 0.8 mmol/L glycine group, 1.2 mmol/L glycine group, 1.6 mmol/L glycine group, and 2.0 mmol/L glycine group treated with burn serum for 6 h followed by culture of 30 min with corresponding final molarity of glycine, i.e., at post intervention hour (PIH) 6.5, the cell survival rate was detected as before. Cells were divided into normal serum group, burn serum alone group, 0.8 mmol/L glycine group, 1.2 mmol/L glycine group, and 1.6 mmol/L glycine group, with the same intervention of 6.5 h as before, respectively. The content of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the AMP/ATP ratio was calculated. The protein expressions of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (p-mTORC1), phosphorylated p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p-p70 S6K), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) were detected by Western blotting. Cells were divided into normal serum group, burn serum alone group, 0.8 mmol/L glycine group intervened as before and 0.8 mmol/L glycine+25 ng/mL rapamycin group treated with burn serum followed by culture with two reagents. The expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), metallothionein (MT), and tubulin were detected by immunofluorescence method after 30 min of corresponding culture at PTH 1, 3, and 6, i.e., at PIH 1.5, 3.5, and 6.5, and the microtubule morphology was observed at PIH 6.5. The sample number at each time point was 10. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference (LSD)-t test, LSD test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: At PTH 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12, the cell survival rates in burn serum group were significantly lower than those in normal serum group (with t values of 4.96, 16.83, 35.51, 34.33, and 27.88, P<0.05). In burn serum group, the cell survival rate at PTH 3, 6, 9, or 12 was significantly lower than that at PTH 1 (P<0.05), the cell survival rate at PTH 6, 9, or 12 was significantly lower than that at PTH 3 (P<0.05), and the cell survival rate at PTH 6 was similar to that at PTH 9 (P>0.05) but significantly higher than that at PTH 12 (P<0.05). Treatment of 6 h was selected as the follow-up intervention time of burn serum. At PIH 6.5, compared with that in burn serum alone group, the cell survival rate in each glycine group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The cell survival rate in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group was the highest, and 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mmol/L were selected as subsequent glycine intervention concentrations. At PIH 6.5, the AMP/ATP ratio of cells in burn serum alone group was significantly higher than that in normal serum group, 1.2 mmol/L glycine group, or 1.6 mmol/L glycine group (P values all <0.05), and the AMP/ATP ratio of cells in 1.6 mmol/L glycine group was significantly lower than that in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group (P<0.05). At PIH 6.5, the protein expressions of p-mTORC1, p-p70 S6K, and p-4E-BP1 of cells in normal serum group, burn serum alone group, 0.8 mmol/L glycine group, 1.2 mmol/L glycine group, and 1.6 mmol/L glycine group were 1.001±0.037, 0.368±0.020, 1.153±0.019, 1.128±0.062, 1.028±0.037, 0.96±0.07, 0.63±0.12, 1.17±0.13, 1.13±0.16, 1.11±0.11, and 0.98±0.06, 0.45±0.08, 1.13±0.05, 0.77±0.12, 0.51±0.13. Compared with those in burn serum alone group, the protein expressions of p-mTORC1, p-p70 S6K, and p-4E-BP1 of cells in normal serum group and each glycine group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the protein expressions of p-AMPK were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with those in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group, the protein expression of p-4E-BP1 of cells in 1.2 mmol/L glycine group and the protein expressions of p-mTORC1 and p-4E-BP1 of cells in 1.6 mmol/L glycine group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with those in 1.2 mmol/L glycine group, the protein expressions of p-mTORC1 and p-4E-BP1 of cells in 1.6 mmol/L glycine group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of p-AMPK was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those in normal serum group, the expression of tubulin of cells in burn serum alone group was significantly decreased at PIH 1.5, 3.5, and 6.5 (P<0.05), while the expression of HSP70 of cells at PIH 1.5 and 3.5 and the expression of MT at PIH 3.5 and 6.5 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expressions of HSP70 and MT of cells at PIH 1.5, 3.5, and 6.5 and the expression of tubulin at PIH 1.5 and 3.5 in burn serum alone group and 0.8 mmol/L glycine+25 ng/mL rapamycin group were significantly lower than those in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group (P<0.05). At PIH 6.5, compared with that in normal serum group, the cell microtubule structure in burn serum alone group was disordered; the cell boundary in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group was clearer than that in burn serum alone group, and the microtubule structure arranged neatly near the nucleus. Compared with that in 0.8 mmol/L glycine group, 0.8 mmol/L glycine+25 ng/mL rapamycin group had unclear cell boundaries and disordered microtubule structure. Conclusions: Burn serum can cause cardiomyocytes damage in rats. Glycine can significantly up-regulate mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway through AMP-activated protein kinase, promote the synthesis of protective proteins HSP70, MT, and tubulin, stabilize the microtubule structure, and exert cardiomyocytes protection function.

[Development and application syndromic surveillance and early warning system in border area in Yunnan Province]

Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.

Metabolic Footprinting-Based DNA-AuNP Encoders for Extracellular Metabolic Response Profiling

Metabolic footprinting as a convenient and non-invasive cell metabolomics strategy relies on monitoring the whole extracellular metabolic process. It covers nutrient consumption and metabolite secretion of in vitro cell culture, which is hindered by low universality owing to pre-treatment of the cell medium and special equipment. Here, we report the design and a variety of applicability, for quantifying extracellular metabolism, of fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-AuNP encoders, whose multi-modal signal response is triggered by extracellular metabolites. We constructed metabolic response profiling of cells by detecting extracellular metabolites in different tumor cells and drug-induced extracellular metabolites. We further assessed the extracellular metabolism differences using a machine learning algorithm. This metabolic response profiling based on the DNA-AuNP encoder strategy is a powerful complement to metabolic footprinting, which significantly applies potential non-invasive identification of tumor cell heterogeneity.

[Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv0309 on intracellular survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis by inhibiting macrophage autophagy via protein STUB1]

Objective: To investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) protein Rv0309 to promote the survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) in macrophages. Methods: Using Ms as a model to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis, recombinant Ms transfected with pMV261 and PMV261-RV0309 in the control group and RAW264.7 cells were constructed. The effect of Rv0309 protein on intracellular survival of Ms was investigated by counting colony forming units (CFUs). Mass spectrometry was used to screen proteins interacting with host protein Rv0309, and immunocoprecipitate (Co-IP) was used to verify that host protein STUB1 could interact with host protein Rv0309. STUB1 gene knock-out RAW264.7 cells were infected with Ms, and CFUs were counted to explore the effect of protein Rv0309 on intracellular survival of Ms after STUB1 gene knock-out. STUB1 gene knock-out RAW264.7 cells were infected with Ms, and after obtaining samples, Western blotting assay was performed to explore the effect of protein Rv0309 on autophagy function of macrophages after STUB1 gene knock-out. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8 software. T-test was selected for analysis in this experiment, with P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Western blotting showed that Rv0309 was expressed in M. smegmatis and secreted extracellularly. The CFUs of the Ms-Rv0309 group was higher than that of Ms-pMV261 group at 24 h after THP-1 macrophage infection, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The trend of infected RAW264.7 macrophages was the same as that of infected THP-1 macrophages. The Co-IP results showed that the corresponding Flag and HA bands appeared in the results of immunoprecipitation (IP):Flag and IP: HA. The level of CFUs in the experimental group with STUB1 deletion was significantly higher than that in the control group without STUB1 deletion. Compared with Ms-pMV261, the CFUs in the Ms-Rv0309 group was significantly higher than that in the Ms-pMV261 group. The gray scale of LC3Ⅱ bands of Ms-Rv0309 in experimental group was lighter than that of Ms-pMV261 in the control group at the corresponding time point, and the result was most significant at 8 h (LC3Ⅱ/β-actin: 0.76±0.05 vs 0.47±0.07), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). After STUB1 genome knock-out, the gray level of LC3Ⅱ bands at the corresponding time was lighter than that without STUB1 genome knock-out. Comparison of the results of Ms-pMV261 and Ms-Rv0309 strains revealed that LC3Ⅱ band gray Rv0309 group was lighter at the corresponding time compared with pMV261 group. Conclusions: MTB protein Rv0309 can be successfully expressed in M. smegmatis and secreted extracellularly, which can inhibit the autophagy process of macrophages. Protein Rv0309 interacts with host protein STUB1 to inhibit macrophage autophagy and promote intracellular survival of Ms.

Cyclic di-AMP Rescues Porphyromonas gingivalis-Aggravated Atherosclerosis

Growing evidence demonstrates the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) has been shown to contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has been widely studied as an immune adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy, given its ability to activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and regulate trained immunity. This study sought to elucidate the role of c-di-AMP in Pg-associated atherosclerosis. Periodontitis and atherosclerosis mouse models were established by ligature application around maxillary second molars and feeding ApoE knockout mice with a high-fat diet. We found that periodontitis and atherosclerosis were more severe in mice exposed to Pg than mice that underwent ligature placement only, while prophylactic treatment with c-di-AMP activated trained immunity and elicited significant alleviation of alveolar bone resorption, as well as reduced blood lipid levels and atherosclerotic plaque accumulation. After 3 mo of intervention, c-di-AMP limited the elevation of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon β; extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9; and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression. The mechanism underlying Pg-aggravated atherosclerosis may be attributed to changes in microbiota composition in oral and aortic plaques and excess inflammatory response, whereas c-di-AMP could prevent the effects of Pg infection due to its potential ability to activate trained immunity and regulate microecological balance. Our findings suggest a positive role of c-di-AMP in alleviating Pg-aggravated atherosclerosis by regulating the immune response and influencing the local microenvironment.

Modular characteristics and mechanism of action of herbs for vascular calcification treatment in Chinese medicine: a data mining and network pharmacology-based identification

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the modular characteristics and mechanism of action of Chinese herbs for vascular calcification (VC) treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Network pharmacology coupled with literature data mining was utilized to assess the Chinese herbal clinical performance as well as its similarity, characteristics, ingredient, target, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and network construction.

RESULTS

The top 15 medications from the literature, according to the usage, and 190 active chemicals, 183 common targets between medication and VC-related targets were weeded out. Analysis of the relationships between the active ingredients, pharmacological targets, and signaling pathways helped to clearly define the therapeutic effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Importantly, we discovered seven most hub proteins (AKT1, CTNNB1, TNF, EGFR, TP53, JUN and IL-6) and two of the herbs' most fundamental ingredients (Formononetin and Luteolin) in TCM-mediated VC suppression. Mechanistically, the metabolic pathways [AGE-RAGE pathway, interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway, and p53 pathway] as well as smooth muscle adaptation (functional remodeling) and oxidoreductase activity (redox homeostasis modulating) are also crucially implicated.

CONCLUSIONS

Our work, accomplished by network pharmacology and data mining, increases our understanding of TCM in VC therapy and may offer insightful information for future drug discovery investigations.

A 2-bp deletion in intron 1 of TMEM182 is associated with TMEM182 mRNA expression and chicken body weight

1. Searching for molecular markers related to growth and carcase traits plays a critical role in improvement of the production performance of broilers. Previous studies found that transmembrane protein 182 (TMEM182) inhibits skeletal muscle development, growth, and regeneration, implying that the TMEM182 gene plays an important role during the development process of skeletal muscle.2. A novel 2-bp indel in intron 1 of TMEM182 was detected in a yellow chicken population derived from the cross of White Recessive Rock chickens with Xinghua chickens, and three genotypes II (inserted homozygote), ID (inserted and deleted heterozygote) and DD (deleted homozygote) were observed. Association analyses indicated that the indel was significantly associated with the body weight, muscle fibre area, breast muscle weight and wing weight in the F2 population.3. The expression of TMEM182 in leg muscle of chickens with II genotype was higher than that with DD genotype, with the 2-bp indel located in one of the putative PAX4 binding sites. Further research through luciferase assays revealed that the PAX4 could bind to the putative binding site and increase the TMEM182 transcription, with the 2-bp deletion disrupting the binding of PAX4.4. The present study provides evidence for the association of the novel 2-bp indel in intron 1 of TMEM182 with the growth and carcase traits of chickens. This 2-bp indel could be used as a genetic marker in broiler breeding.

Development and validation of an inflammatory response-related prognostic model and immune infiltration analysis in glioblastoma

Background

Despite receiving standard treatment, the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is still poor. Considering the heterogeneity of each patient, it is imperative to identify reliable risk model that can effectively predict the prognosis of each GBM patient to guide the personalized treatment.

Methods

Transcriptomic gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of GBM patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Inflammatory response-related genes were extracted from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) website. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used for prognosis-related inflammatory genes (P<0.05). A polygenic prognostic risk model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Validation was performed through CGGA cohort. Overall survival (OS) was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A nomogram was plotted to accurately predict the prognosis for each patient. GSEA was used for the pathway enrichment analysis. The single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) algorithm was implemented to conduct the immune infiltration analysis. The potential role of oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in GBM was investigated through the in vitro experiment.

Results

A prognostic risk model consisting of 4 genes (PTPRN, OSMR, MYD88, and EFEMP2) was developed. GBM patients in the high-risk group had worse OS. The time-dependent ROC curves showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782, 0.765, and 0.784 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival in TCGA cohort, while the AUC in the CGGA cohort was 0.589, 0.684, and 0.785 at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The risk score, primary-recurrent-secondary (PRS) type, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation could predict the prognosis of GBM patients well. The nomogram accurately predicted the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS for each patient. Immune cell infiltration was associated with the risk score and the model could predict immunotherapy responsiveness. The expression of the prognostic gene was correlated with the sensitivity to antitumor drugs. Interference of OSMR inhibited proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis of GBM cells.

Conclusions

The prognostic model based on 4 inflammatory response-related genes had reliable predictive power to effectively predict clinical outcome in GBM patients and provided the guide for the personalized treatment.

[Long-term evaluation and physical and mental effects of residual tinnitus following treatment of sudden hearing loss]

Objective: To clarify the long-term characteristics of tinnitus following treatment of sudden deafness and its long-term physical and mental effects on patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 88 patients (46 males and 42 females; Age from 11 to 89 years) with sudden deafness treated in Department of Otoscope Surgery of Peoples's Libration Army General Hospital in Beijing from April 2020 to January 2021, and the occurrence of tinnitus and treatment effect of all patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted for patients with residual tinnitus after treatment for more than 1 year by the investigation and filling in the survey information collection form, Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Descriptive statistics and SPSS 22.0 software were used for statistical data analysis. Results: In this study, 93.2% (82/88) of patients with sudden deafness were accompanied by tinnitus at the onset, and the proportion of long-term tinnitus after treatment was 90.2% (74/82). After 1 year of treatment for sudden deafness, the improvement of tinnitus was significant in low-frequency sudden deafness compared with those of high-frequency, flat and total deafness sudden deafness (χ2 value was 6.801, 4.568 and 4.038, all P<0.05). In patients with residual tinnitus, 9 (12.2%) patients felt minimal loudness or even no loudness, 34 (46.0%) patients felt slight loudness, 28 (37.8%) patients felt tinnitus was relatively loud, and 3 (4.1%) patients felt tinnitus was loud or noisy. Nine (12.2%) patients's sleep was often affected, 41 (55.4%) patients's sleep was sometimes affected, 9 (12.2%) patients's sleep was rarely affected, 15 (20.3%) patients's sleep was almost not affected. Twenty-eight (37.8%) patients basically completely adapted to tinnitus and 46 (62.2%) patients did not completely adapted to residual tinnitus. Eight (10.8%) patients had no impact on life, 39 (52.7%) patients had slight impact, 22 (29.7%) patients had moderate impact, and the other 5 (6.8%) patients had greater impact. According to tinnitus evaluation questionnaire(TEQ), there were 12 cases (16.2%) of grade Ⅰ, 26 cases (35.1%) of grade Ⅱ, 28 cases (37.8%) of grade Ⅲ, 7 cases (9.5%) of grade Ⅳ and 1 case (1.4%) of grade Ⅴ. According to tinnitus handicap inventory(THI), tinnitus disability was classified into grade Ⅰ, 22 cases (29.7%), grade Ⅱ, 14 cases (18.9%), Grade Ⅲ, 27 cases (36.5%) and grade Ⅳ, 11 cases (14.9%). Conclusion: The rate of residual tinnitus following treatment of sudden deafness is high. Some of the patients can completely adapt residual tinnitus after one year, but some of them will be affected when sleep, work and study. Residual tinnitus can lead to tinnitus disability in different degrees.

Effects of writers, erasers and readers within miRNA-related m6A modification in cancers

BACKGROUND

As one of the most abundant post-transcriptional mRNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted extensive attention from scientists. Emerging evidence indicates that m6A modification plays a significant role in cancer-related signalling pathways. Existing research demonstrates that m6A modifications were also identified in miRNAs and contribute to cancer-related signalling pathways.

METHODS

A literature retrieval has been performed to collect m6A-miRNA-related original articles published in recent years. Later, a systematic analysis has been conducted to abstract and classify the relationships between m6A modification and miRNAs, and their contributions to tumorigenesis and cancer development.

RESULTS

Accumulating literature provides important insights into multiple relationships between m6A modifications and miRNAs. Mechanically, m6A writer and eraser alter pri-miRNAs m6A levels, and m6A readers could dually modulate pri-miRNAs processing and pri-miRNAs degradation. It is also been demonstrated that miRNAs impair m6A regulators' translation to influence m6A medication function in return. Aberrant expressions of m6A regulators and miRNAs could dysregulate proliferative, apoptosis, cell adhesion-related, and malignant transformation signalling pathways, and contribute to tumour occurrence and development.

CONCLUSION

This review summarizes the interrelationship between m6A modification and miRNAs; highlights the combined effects of each type of m6A regulator and miRNAs in cancers. These findings enhance our understanding of m6A-miRNAs' multiple interactions and significant modulatory role in tumorigenesis and progression.

A comparative study of three-dimensional airway changes after fibula flap reconstruction for benign and malignant tumours in the anterior mandible

Surgical treatment of tumours in the anterior mandible and surrounding tissues may result in defects which can be restored by a fibula free flap. The upper airway may change during this process. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate upper airway changes after fibula free flap reconstruction. A total of 37 patients who underwent anterior mandibulectomy and fibula free flap reconstruction between 2012 and 2020 were recruited. Patients with benign and malignant tumours involving the anterior mandible were included. Spiral computed tomography was performed 1 week preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at> 1 year (range 12-23 months) after surgery. Cross-sectional areas and volumes of the upper airway were measured. Data were analysed by two-way analysis of variance. The upper airway in the malignant tumour group showed an increasing trend, especially at the soft palate and tongue base levels (P < 0.01). In the benign tumour group, the upper airway showed no significant changes. The location of the minimum cross-sectional area moved downwards in both groups, and the area increased in the malignant tumour group during long-term follow-up. Upper airway obstruction is less likely to occur in the long term after surgical resection of anterior mandible malignancies and fibula free flap reconstruction.

[Feasibility and efficacy of preserving internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve in endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal squamous cancer: an observational study]

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of preservation of internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve(ibSLN) during transoral endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal squamous cancer(HSCC) and the influence on patient's swallowing function after operation. Methods: From May 2020 to June 2021, the data of 29 HSCC patients who required for transoral endoscopic surgery in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were prospectively included, and the included patients were divided into two groups randomly by lottery. According to whether ibSLN was actively dissected during operation, they were divided into ibSLN preservation group (n=15) and control group (n=14, without ibSLN preservation). Operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, intraoperative neck dissection, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative recurrence within 1 year, retention and swallowing function, the recovery of oral soft diet and the quality of life were compared between two groups. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study included 29 eligible patients, including 25 males and 4 females.The age ranged from 42 to 67 (56.07±5.93) years. There were no significant differences(P>0.05) between 2 groups in the following data,including age(t=-0.56), gender(χ2=0.01), TNM stage(T stageχ2=0.29, N stage χ2=0.02), pathological diagnosis(χ2=0.03), preoperative swallowing function(χ2=0.00) and M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory(MDADI) score(global t=0.55, emotional t=0.16, functional t=0.60, physical t=0.64), operation time(t=1.62) and intraoperative hemorrhage(t=-1.46), intraoperative neck dissection(χ2=0.01), postoperative radiotherapy(χ2=0.32), postoperative recurrence within 1 year(P>0.050). The swallowing function was evaluated by water swallowing test after operation. The swallowing function of ibSLN preservation group was better than control group, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant on the 1st (χ2=4.44, P=0.035), 5th (χ2=4.24, P=0.039) and 7th (χ2=4.55, P=0.033) day after operation. On the 14th day after operation, the MDADI scores of patients in the ibSLN preservation group were higher than those in the control group in global (t=2.45, P=0.021), functional (t=2.54, P=0.017) and physical (t=2.24, P=0.034) dimensions, except for emotional dimension (t=1.89, P=0.070). The median time of oral soft diet(U=23.00, P<0.001), normal oral diet(U=21.00, P<0.001) and the nasogastric tube removal time (U=18.50, P<0.001) in ibSLN preservation group was 2 days, 5 days and 6 days respectively, earlier than that in control group, which had statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Our results show that it is feasible to preserve the ibSLN during HSCC transoral endoscopic surgery, which can achieve rapid recovery of postoperative swallowing function.