1
|
Ahmed MIY, Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Abdalla MGA, Tahir ISA, Tsujimoto H. Heat Stress-Tolerant Quantitative Trait Loci Identified Using Backcrossed Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Intra-Specifically Diverse Aegilops tauschii Accessions. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:347. [PMID: 38337879 PMCID: PMC10856904 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the face of climate change, bringing more useful alleles and genes from wild relatives of wheat is crucial to develop climate-resilient varieties. We used two populations of backcrossed recombinant inbred lines (BIL1 and BIL2), developed by crossing and backcrossing two intra-specifically diverse Aegilops tauschii accessions from lineage 1 and lineage 2, respectively, with the common wheat cultivar 'Norin 61'. This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heat stress (HS) tolerance. The two BILs were evaluated under heat stress environments in Sudan for phenology, plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), biomass (BIO), harvest index (HI), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Grain yield was significantly correlated with BIO and TKW under HS; therefore, the stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated for these traits as well as for GY. A total of 16 heat-tolerant lines were identified based on GY and STI-GY. The QTL analysis performed using inclusive composite interval mapping identified a total of 40 QTLs in BIL1 and 153 QTLs in BIL2 across all environments. We detected 39 QTLs associated with GY-STI, BIO-STI, and TKW-STI in both populations (14 in BIL1 and 25 in BIL2). The QTLs associated with STI were detected on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 5A, 2B, 4B, and all the D-subgenomes. We found that QTLs were detected only under HS for GY on chromosome 5A, TKW on 3B and 5B, PH on 3B and 4B, and grain filling duration on 2B. The higher number of QTLs identified in BIL2 for heat stress tolerance suggests the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation of Ae. tauschii in wheat breeding as it could modulate the heat stress responses/adaptation. Our study provides useful genetic resources for uncovering heat-tolerant QTLs for wheat improvement for heat stress environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monir Idres Yahya Ahmed
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (I.S.A.T.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.G.A.A.)
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.G.A.A.)
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | | | - Izzat Sidahmed Ali Tahir
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (I.S.A.T.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.G.A.A.)
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (I.S.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed MIY, Gorafi YSA, Kamal NM, Balla MY, Tahir ISA, Zheng L, Kawakami N, Tsujimoto H. Mining Aegilops tauschii genetic diversity in the background of bread wheat revealed a novel QTL for seed dormancy. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1270925. [PMID: 38107013 PMCID: PMC10723804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the low genetic diversity in the current wheat germplasm, gene mining from wild relatives is essential to develop new wheat cultivars that are more resilient to the changing climate. Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of bread wheat, is a great gene source for wheat breeding; however, identifying suitable genes from Ae. tauschii is challenging due to the different morphology and the wide intra-specific variation within the species. In this study, we developed a platform for the systematic evaluation of Ae. tauschii traits in the background of the hexaploid wheat cultivar 'Norin 61' and thus for the identification of QTLs and genes. To validate our platform, we analyzed the seed dormancy trait that confers resistance to preharvest sprouting. We used a multiple synthetic derivative (MSD) population containing a genetic diversity of 43 Ae. tauschii accessions representing the full range of the species. Our results showed that only nine accessions in the population provided seed dormancy, and KU-2039 from Afghanistan had the highest level of seed dormancy. Therefore, 166 backcross inbred lines (BILs) were developed by crossing the synthetic wheat derived from KU-2039 with 'Norin 61' as the recurrent parent. The QTL mapping revealed one novel QTL, Qsd.alrc.5D, associated with dormancy explaining 41.7% of the phenotypic variation and other five unstable QTLs, two of which have already been reported. The Qsd.alrc.5D, identified for the first time within the natural variation of wheat, would be a valuable contribution to breeding after appropriate validation. The proposed platform that used the MSD population derived from the diverse Ae. tauschii gene pool and recombinant inbred lines proved to be a valuable platform for mining new and important QTLs or alleles, such as the novel seed dormancy QTL identified here. Likewise, such a platform harboring genetic diversity from wheat wild relatives could be a useful source for mining agronomically important traits, especially in the era of climate change and the narrow genetic diversity within the current wheat germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Gezira Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani, Sudan
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Gezira Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani, Sudan
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mohammed Yousif Balla
- Gezira Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani, Sudan
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Izzat Sidahmed Ali Tahir
- Gezira Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad-Medani, Sudan
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Lipeng Zheng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Tomemori H, Kim JS, Elhadi GMI, Tsujimoto H. Genetic variation for grain nutritional profile and yield potential in sorghum and the possibility of selection for drought tolerance under irrigated conditions. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:515. [PMID: 37660014 PMCID: PMC10474746 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing grain nutritional value in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a paramount breeding objective, as is increasing drought resistance (DR), because sorghum is grown mainly in drought-prone areas. The genetic basis of grain nutritional traits remains largely unknown. Marker-assisted selection using significant loci identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) shows potential for selecting desirable traits in crops. This study assessed natural variation available in sorghum accessions from around the globe to identify novel genes or genomic regions with potential for improving grain nutritional value, and to study associations between DR traits and grain weight and nutritional composition. RESULTS We dissected the genetic architecture of grain nutritional composition, protein content, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and plant height (PH) in sorghum through GWAS of 163 unique African and Asian accessions under irrigated and post-flowering drought conditions. Several QTLs were detected. Some were significantly associated with DR, TKW, PH, protein, and Zn, Mn, and Ca contents. Genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 10 were associated with TKW, nutritional, and DR traits; colocalization patterns of these markers indicate potential for simultaneous improvement of these traits. In African accessions, markers associated with TKW were mapped to six regions also associated with protein, Zn, Ca, Mn, Na, and DR, suggesting the potential for simultaneous selection for higher grain nutrition and TKW. Our results indicate that it may be possible to select for increased DR on the basis of grain nutrition and weight potential. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a valuable resource for selecting landraces for use in plant breeding programs and for identifying loci that may contribute to grain nutrition and weight with the hope of producing cultivars that combine improved yield traits, nutrition, and DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan.
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tomemori
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahjoob MMM, Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Tsujimoto H. Genome-wide association study reveals distinct genetic associations related to leaf hair density in two lineages of wheat-wild relative Aegilops tauschii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17486. [PMID: 36261481 PMCID: PMC9581923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild relatives of modern crops represent a promising source of genetic variation that can be mined for adaptations to climate change. Aegilops tauschii, the D-sub-genome progenitor of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), constitutes a reservoir of genetic diversity for improving bread wheat performance and environmental resilience. Leaf hairiness plays an essential biological role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. We investigated the natural variation in leaf hair density (LHD) among 293 Ae. tauschii accessions. Genome-wide association studies were performed for LHD with 2430 and 3880 DArTseq derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in two lineages of this species, TauL1 and TauL2, respectively. In TauL1, three marker-trait associations (MTAs) were located on chromosome 2D, whereas in TauL2, eight MTAs were identified, two associations were localized on each of the chromosomes 2D, 3D, 5D, and 7D. The markers explained phenotypic variation (R2) from 9 to 13% in TauL1 and 11 to 36% in TauL2. The QTLs identified in chromosomes 2D and 5D might be novel. Our results revealed more rapid and independent evolution of LHD in TauL2 compared to TauL1. The majority of LHD candidate genes identified are associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses. This study highlights the significance of intraspecific diversity of Ae. tauschii to enhance cultivated wheat germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Mahjoob Mohamed Mahjoob
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan ,grid.463093.bWheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- grid.463093.bWheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan ,grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- grid.463093.bWheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan ,grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ubi BE, Gorafi YSA, Yaakov B, Monden Y, Kashkush K, Tsujimoto H. Exploiting the miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements insertion polymorphisms as an efficient DNA marker system for genome analysis and evolutionary studies in wheat and related species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:995586. [PMID: 36119578 PMCID: PMC9479669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute ~80% of the complex bread wheat genome and contribute significantly to wheat evolution and environmental adaptation. We studied 52 TE insertion polymorphism markers to ascertain their efficiency as a robust DNA marker system for genetic studies in wheat and related species. Significant variation was found in miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) insertions in relation to ploidy with the highest number of "full site" insertions occurring in the hexaploids (32.6 ± 3.8), while the tetraploid and diploid progenitors had 22.3 ± 0.6 and 15.0 ± 3.5 "full sites," respectively, which suggested a recent rapid activation of these transposons after the formation of wheat. Constructed phylogenetic trees were consistent with the evolutionary history of these species which clustered mainly according to ploidy and genome types (SS, AA, DD, AABB, and AABBDD). The synthetic hexaploids sub-clustered near the tetraploid species from which they were re-synthesized. Preliminary genotyping in 104 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) showed predominantly 1:1 segregation for simplex markers, with four of these markers already integrated into our current DArT-and SNP-based linkage map. The MITE insertions also showed stability with no single excision observed. The MITE insertion site polymorphisms uncovered in this study are very promising as high-potential evolutionary markers for genomic studies in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ewa Ubi
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Beery Yaakov
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuki Monden
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Khalil Kashkush
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balla MY, Gorafi YSA, Kamal NM, Abdalla MGA, Tahir ISA, Tsujimoto H. Exploiting Wild Emmer Wheat Diversity to Improve Wheat A and B Genomes in Breeding for Heat Stress Adaptation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:895742. [PMID: 35937332 PMCID: PMC9355596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is highly sensitive to temperature beyond the optimum. To improve wheat adaptation to heat stress, the best option is to exploit the diversity of wild wheat progenitors. This study aimed to identify germplasm and quantitative trait loci associated with heat stress tolerance from wild emmer wheat diversity. We evaluated a diverse set of multiple derivative lines harboring chromosome segments from nine wild emmer wheat parents under four environments: two optimum environments at Tottori, Japan and Dongola, Sudan, one moderate heat stress environment, and one severe heat stress environment at Wad Medani, Sudan. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted with 13,312 SNP markers. Strong marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for chlorophyll content at maturity on chromosomes 1A and 5B: these MTAs explained 28.8 and 26.8% of the variation, respectively. A region on chromosome 3A (473.7-638.4 Mbp) contained MTAs controlling grain yield, under optimum and severe heat stress. Under severe heat stress, regions on chromosomes 3A (590.4-713.3 Mbp) controlled grain yield, biomass, days to maturity and thousand kernel weight, and on 3B (744.0-795.2 Mbp) grain yield and biomass. Heat tolerance efficiency (HTE) was controlled by three MTAs, one each on chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 5A under moderate heat stress and one MTA on chromosome 3A under severe heat stress. Some of the MTAs found here were previously reported, but the new ones originated from the wild emmer wheat genomes. The favorable alleles identified from wild emmer wheat were absent or rare in the elite durum wheat germplasm being bred for heat stress tolerance. This study provides potential genetic materials, alleles, MTAs, and quantitative trait loci for enhancing wheat adaptation to heat stress. The derivative lines studied here could be investigated to enhance other stress tolerance such as drought and salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohamed IES, Oe H, Kamal NM, Mustafa HM, Gorafi YSA, Tahir ISA, Tsujimoto H, Tanaka H. Enhancing Wheat Flour Quality Through Introgression of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits From Aegilops tauschii Accessions. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrow genetic diversity in the wheat gene pool restricts the improvement of wheat quality traits. Aegilops tauschii possesses valuable genetic diversity that can be used to improve not only biotic and abiotic stresses in arid regions but also wheat yield and quality. Our study, which used 392 multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) panel developed with Ae. tauschii Coss. introgressions, had three main aims: to explore the genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), to investigate the dough strength and the relationship between protein content and grain yield, and to identify lines with a good flour quality. A wide range of allelic diversity was observed at the Glu-D1 locus, reflecting the impact of the different introgressed portions of Ae. tauschii, and a wide variation was found in dough strength even between lines having the same composition of HMW-GS. We report a negative impact on dough strength of subunit 5t+10t from Ae. tauschii and a relatively positive impact of subunit 2t+12.1t. We identified four MSD lines with significantly enhanced flour quality. Regressing the grain yield of the MSD lines against protein content showed no correlation between the two traits and identified lines with comparable grain yield to the recurrent parent and higher protein content. The identified MSD lines could provide a valuable genetic resource for enhancing the end-use quality of flour without any loss in productivity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Balla MY, Gorafi YSA, Kamal NM, Abdalla MGA, Tahir ISA, Tsujimoto H. Harnessing the diversity of wild emmer wheat for genetic improvement of durum wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:1671-1684. [PMID: 35257197 PMCID: PMC9110450 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The multiple derivative lines (MDLs) characterized in this study offer a promising strategy for harnessing the diversity of wild emmer wheat for durum and bread wheat improvement. Crop domestication has diminished genetic diversity and reduced phenotypic plasticity and adaptation. Exploring the adaptive capacity of wild progenitors offer promising opportunities to improve crops. We developed a population of 178 BC1F6 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) lines by crossing and backcrossing nine wild emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) accessions with the common durum wheat cultivar 'Miki 3'. Here, we describe the development of this population, which we named as multiple derivative lines (MDLs), and demonstrated its suitability for durum wheat breeding. We genotyped the MDL population, the parents, and 43 Sudanese durum wheat cultivars on a Diversity Array Technology sequencing platform. We evaluated days to heading and plant height in Dongola (Sudan) and in Tottori (Japan). The physical map length of the MDL population was 9 939 Mb with an average of 1.4 SNP/Mb. The MDL population had greater diversity than the Sudanese cultivars. We found high gene exchange between the nine wild emmer accessions and the MDL population, indicating that the MDL captured most of the diversity in the wild emmer accessions. Genome-wide association analysis identified three loci for days to heading on chromosomes 1A and 5A in Dongola and one on chromosome 3B in Tottori. For plant height, common genomic loci were found on chromosomes 4A and 4B in both locations, and one genomic locus on chromosome 7B was found only in Dongola. The results revealed that the MDLs are an effective strategy towards harnessing wild emmer wheat diversity for wheat genetic improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yousif Balla
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | | | | | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elhadi GMI, Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Yamasaki Y, Takata K, Tahir ISA, Itam MO, Tanaka H, Tsujimoto H. Exploitation of Tolerance of Wheat Kernel Weight and Shape-Related Traits from Aegilops tauschii under Heat and Combined Heat-Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1830. [PMID: 33673217 PMCID: PMC7917938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kernel weight and shape-related traits are inherited stably and increase wheat yield. Narrow genetic diversity limits the progress of wheat breeding. Here, we evaluated kernel weight and shape-related traits and applied genome-wide association analysis to a panel of wheat multiple synthetic derivative (MSD) lines. The MSD lines harbored genomic fragments from Aegilops tauschii. These materials were grown under optimum conditions in Japan, as well as under heat and combined heat-drought conditions in Sudan. We aimed to explore useful QTLs for kernel weight and shape-related traits under stress conditions. These can be useful for enhancing yield under stress conditions. MSD lines possessed remarkable genetic variation for all traits under all conditions, and some lines showed better performance than the background parent Norin 61. We identified 82 marker trait associations (MTAs) under the three conditions; most of them originated from the D genome. All of the favorable alleles originated from Ae. tauschii. For the first time, we identified markers on chromosome 5D associated with a candidate gene encoding a RING-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and expected to have a role in regulating wheat seed size. Our study provides important knowledge for the improvement of wheat yield under optimum and stress conditions. The results emphasize the importance of Ae. tauschii as a gene reservoir for wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamila Mohamed Idris Elhadi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (G.M.I.E.); (M.O.I.)
| | - Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (Y.S.A.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Wheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan;
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (Y.S.A.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Wheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan;
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (Y.S.A.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kanenori Takata
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama 721-8514, Japan;
| | - Izzat S. A. Tahir
- Wheat Research Program, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan;
| | - Michel O. Itam
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (G.M.I.E.); (M.O.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (N.M.K.); (Y.S.A.G.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Abdelrahman M, Abdellatef E, Tsujimoto H. Stay-Green Trait: A Prospective Approach for Yield Potential, and Drought and Heat Stress Adaptation in Globally Important Cereals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5837. [PMID: 31757070 PMCID: PMC6928793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield losses in cereal crops because of abiotic stress and the expected huge losses from climate change indicate our urgent need for useful traits to achieve food security. The stay-green (SG) is a secondary trait that enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthesis capacity for a longer time after anthesis, especially under drought and heat stress conditions. Thus, SG plants have longer grain-filling period and subsequently higher yield than non-SG. SG trait was recognized as a superior characteristic for commercially bred cereal selection to overcome the current yield stagnation in alliance with yield adaptability and stability. Breeding for functional SG has contributed in improving crop yields, particularly when it is combined with other useful traits. Thus, elucidating the molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with SG trait is maybe the key to defeating the stagnation in productivity associated with adaptation to environmental stress. This review discusses the recent advances in SG as a crucial trait for genetic improvement of the five major cereal crops, sorghum, wheat, rice, maize, and barley with particular emphasis on the physiological consequences of SG trait. Finally, we provided perspectives on future directions for SG research that addresses present and future global challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eltayb Abdellatef
- Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 6096, Sudan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Tsujimoto H, Ghanim AMA. Stay-Green QTLs Response in Adaptation to Post-Flowering Drought Depends on the Drought Severity. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7082095. [PMID: 30584537 PMCID: PMC6280221 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stay-green trait enhances sorghum adaptation to post-flowering drought. Six stay-green backcross introgression lines (BILs) carrying one or more stay-green QTLs (Stg1-4) and their parents were characterized under non-stress (W100: 100% of soil field capacity (FC)) and two levels of post-flowering drought (W75: 75% FC; W50: 50% FC) in a controlled condition. We aimed to study the response and identify the drought threshold of these QTLs under different levels of post-flowering drought and find traits closely contributing to grain yield (GY) under different drought severity. W50 caused the highest reduction in BILs performance. From W100 to W50, the GY of the recurrent parent reduced by 70%, whereas that of the BILs reduced by only 36%. W75 and W50 induce different behavior/response compared to W100. Harvest index contributed to the GY under the three water regimes. For high GY under drought transpiration rate at the beginning of drought and mid-grain filling was important at W75, whereas it was important at mid-grain filling and late-grain filling at W50. Stay-green trait can be scored simply with the relative number of green leaves/plants under both irrigated and stress environments. QTL pyramiding might not always be necessary to stabilize or increase the GY under post-flowering drought. The stay-green QTLs increase GY under drought by manipulating water utilization depending on drought severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Biotechnology and Biosafety Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 30, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali Ghanim
- Biotechnology and Biosafety Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 30, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Seibersdorf, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gorafi YSA, Kim JS, Elbashir AAE, Tsujimoto H. A population of wheat multiple synthetic derivatives: an effective platform to explore, harness and utilize genetic diversity of Aegilops tauschii for wheat improvement. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:1615-1626. [PMID: 29705916 PMCID: PMC6061144 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The multiple synthetic derivatives platform described in this study will provide an opportunity for effective utilization of Aegilops tauschii traits and genes for wheat breeding. Introducing genes from wild relatives is the best option to increase genetic diversity and discover new alleles necessary for wheat improvement. A population harboring genomic fragments from the diploid wheat progenitor Aegilops tauschii Coss. in the background of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by crossing and backcrossing 43 synthetic wheat lines with the common wheat cultivar Norin 61. We named this population multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD). To validate the suitability of this population for wheat breeding and genetic studies, we randomly selected 400 MSD lines and genotyped them by using Diversity Array Technology sequencing markers. We scored black glume as a qualitative trait and heading time in two environments in Sudan as a quantitative trait. Our results showed high genetic diversity and less recombination which is expected from the nature of the population. Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis showed one QTL at the short arm of chromosome 1D different from those alleles reported previously indicating that black glume in the MSD population is controlled by new allele at the same locus. For heading time, from the two environments, GWA analysis revealed three QTLs on the short arms of chromosomes 2A, 2B and 2D and two on the long arms of chromosomes 5A and 5D. Using the MSD population, which represents the diversity of 43 Ae. tauschii accessions representing most of its natural habitat, QTLs or genes and desired phenotypes (such as drought, heat and salinity tolerance) could be identified and selected for utilization in wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation, P. O. Box: 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elbashir AAE, Gorafi YSA, Tahir ISA, Kim JS, Tsujimoto H. Wheat multiple synthetic derivatives: a new source for heat stress tolerance adaptive traits. Breed Sci 2017; 67:248-256. [PMID: 28744178 PMCID: PMC5515318 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is detrimental to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. In this study, we aimed to select heat-tolerant plants from a multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) population and evaluate their agronomic and physiological traits. We selected six tolerant plants from the population with the background of the cultivar 'Norin 61' (N61) and established six MNH (MSD population of N61 selected as heat stress-tolerant) lines. We grew these lines with N61 in the field and growth chamber. In the field, we used optimum and late sowings to ensure plant exposure to heat. In the growth chamber, in addition to N61, we used the heat-tolerant cultivars 'Gelenson' and 'Bacanora'. We confirmed that MNH2 and MNH5 lines acquired heat tolerance. These lines had higher photosynthesis and stomata conductance and exhibited no reduction in grain yield and biomass under heat stress compared to N61. We noticed that N61 had relatively good adaptability to heat stress. Our results indicate that the MSD population includes the diversity of Aegilops tauschii and is a promising resource to uncover useful quantitative traits derived from this wild species. Selected lines could be useful for heat stress tolerance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awad Ahmed Elawad Elbashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University,
Tottori 680-8553,
Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation,
PO Box 126, Wad Medani,
Sudan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation,
PO Box 126, Wad Medani,
Sudan
| | | | - June-Sik Kim
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074,
Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gorafi YSA, Eltayeb AE, Tsujimoto H. Alteration of wheat vernalization requirement by alien chromosome-mediated transposition of MITE. Breed Sci 2016; 66:181-90. [PMID: 27162490 PMCID: PMC4784996 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Under the changing climate, early flowering is advantageous to escape terminal heat and drought. Previously during evaluation of 14 chromosome introgression lines (ILs), we found three ILs that flowered a month earlier than their wheat background Chinese Spring (CS). This paper describes the cause of the early flowering in the ILs and provides insight into the evolution of spring wheat from the winter wheat. We used specific molecular markers for Vrn genes to determine its allelic composition. Phenotypic evaluations carried out under field conditions and in a growth chamber. Unlike the winter vrn-A1 allele of CS, the spring Vrn-A1 allele of the ILs had insertions of 222 and 131-bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter region. Sequence analysis indicated that the 222-bp insertion is similar to an insertion in the spring genotype, Triple Dirk D. Our results ruled out any possibility of outcrossing or contamination. Without vernalization, Vrn-A1 is highly expressed in the ILs compared to CS. We attribute the early flowering of the ILs to the insertion of the MITE in the promoter of Vrn-A1. The alien chromosome might mediate this insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
- Agricultural Research Corporation,
Wad Medani, PO Box 126,
Sudan
| | - Amin Elsadig Eltayeb
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University,
1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|