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Jang J, Kim H, Park SS, Kim M, Min YK, Jeong HO, Kim S, Hwang T, Choi DWY, Kim HJ, Song S, Kim DO, Lee S, Lee CH, Lee JW. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Cellular Factors for Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Aplastic Anemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e977. [PMID: 37908861 PMCID: PMC10615405 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a lethal hematological disorder; however, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is a major treatment option for AA, one-third of patients do not respond to IST and its resistance mechanism remains elusive. To understand AA pathogenesis and IST resistance, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow (BM) from healthy controls and patients with AA at diagnosis. We found that CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells were significantly depleted in AA, which suggests that the depletion of CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells might be one of the major mechanisms for AA pathogenesis related with BM-cell hypoplasia. More importantly, we observed the significant enrichment of CD8+ T cells and T cell-activating intercellular interactions in IST responders, indicating the association between the expansion and activation of T cells and the positive response of IST in AA. Taken together, our findings represent a valuable resource offering novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity in the BM of AA and reveal potential biomarkers for IST, building the foundation for future precision therapies in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - David Whee-Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea SCBIO Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Noh JY, Lee IP, Han NR, Kim M, Min YK, Lee SY, Yun SH, Kim SI, Park T, Chung H, Park D, Lee CH. Additive Effect of CD73 Inhibitor in Colorectal Cancer Treatment With CDK4/6 Inhibitor Through Regulation of PD-L1. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:769-788. [PMID: 35843546 PMCID: PMC9424593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although cancer immunotherapies are effective for advanced-stage cancers, there are no clinically approved immunotherapies for colon cancers (CRCs). Therefore, there is a high demand for the development of novel therapies. Extracellular adenosine-mediated signaling is considered a promising target for advanced-stage cancers that are nonresponsive to programmed death 1 (PD-1)-/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted immunotherapies. In this study, we aimed to elucidate novel tumorigenic mechanisms of extracellular adenosine. METHODS To investigate the effects of extracellular adenosine on tumor-associated macrophages, peripheral blood-derived human macrophages were treated with adenosine and analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blot. Changes in adenosine-treated macrophages were further assessed using multi-omics analysis, including total RNA sequencing and proteomics. Colon cancer mouse models were used to measure the therapeutic efficacy of AB680 and palbociclib. We also used tissue microarrays of patients with CRC, to evaluate their clinical relevance. RESULTS Extracellular adenosine-mediated reduction of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was found to be critical for the regulation of immune checkpoint molecules and PD-L1 levels in human macrophages, indicating that post-translational modification of PD-L1 is affected by adenosine. A potent CD73 selective inhibitor, AB680, reversed the effects of adenosine on CCND1 and PD-L1. This result strongly suggests that AB680 is a combinatory therapeutic option to overcome the undesired side effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, which increases PD-L1 expression in tumors. Because palbociclib is undergoing clinical trials for metastatic CRC in combination with cetuximab (clinical trial number: NCT03446157), we validated that the combination of AB680 and palbociclib significantly improved anti-tumor efficacy in CRC animal models, thereby highlighting it as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. We further assessed whether the level of CCND1 in tumor-associated macrophages was indeed reduced in tumor sections obtained from patients with CRC, for evaluating the clinical relevance of this strategy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that a novel combination therapy of AB680 and palbociclib may be advantageous for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging convergence research center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Pyo Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Han
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunmin Chung
- Aging convergence research center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Korea,Dr Daeui Park, Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea. tel: +82-42-610-8251.
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Dr Chang Hoon Lee, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. tel: +82-42-860-7414.
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Kim M, Min YK, Jang J, Park H, Lee S, Lee CH. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct cellular factors for response to immunotherapy targeting CD73 and PD-1 in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002503. [PMID: 34253638 PMCID: PMC8276303 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer immunotherapy is one of the most effective advanced-stage cancer therapies, no clinically approved cancer immunotherapies currently exist for colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade has exhibited clinical benefits according to ongoing clinical trials. However, ongoing clinical trials for cancer immunotherapies are focused on PD-1 signaling inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab. In this study, we focused on revealing the distinct response mechanism for the potent CD73 ectoenzyme selective inhibitor AB680 as a promising drug candidate that functions by blocking tumorigenic ATP/adenosine signaling in comparison to current therapeutics that block PD-1 to assess the value of this drug as a novel immunotherapy for CRC. METHODS To understand the distinct mechanism of AB680 in comparison to that of a neutralizing antibody against murine PD-1 used as a PD-1 blocker, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from untreated controls (n=3) and from AB680-treated (n=3) and PD-1-blockade-treated murine CRC in vivo models. We also used flow cytometry, Azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) models, and in vitro functional assays to validate our new findings. RESULTS We initially observed that the expressions of Nt5e (a gene for CD73) and Entpd1 (a gene for CD39) affect T cell receptor (TCR) diversity and transcriptional profiles of T cells, thus suggesting their critical roles in T cell exhaustion within tumor. Importantly, PD-1 blockade significantly increased the TCR diversity of Entpd1-negative T cells and Pdcd1-positive T cells. Additionally, we determined that AB680 improved the anticancer functions of immunosuppressed cells such as Treg and exhausted T cells, while the PD-1 blocker quantitatively reduced Malat1high Treg and M2 macrophages. We also verified that PD-1 blockade induced Treg depletion in AOM/DSS CRC in vivo models, and we confirmed that AB680 treatment caused increased activation of CD8+ T cells using an in vitro T cell assay. CONCLUSIONS The intratumoral immunomodulation of CD73 inhibition is distinct from PD-1 inhibition and exhibits potential as a novel anticancer immunotherapy for CRC, possibly through a synergistic effect when combined with PD-1 blocker treatments. This study may contribute to the ongoing development of anticancer immunotherapies targeting refractory CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miok Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea .,Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Hwang HJ, Park T, Kim M, Shin HS, Hwang W, Min YK, Song SG, Park D, Lee CH. A Novel Therapeutic Reagent, KA-1002 for Alleviating Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Inflammation Related Gene Expression in Swine Macrophages. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030534. [PMID: 32210054 PMCID: PMC7142756 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammatory diseases are a key factor reducing the productivity of animals in a livestock industrial environment. We have identified a novel lysophosphatidic acid signaling antagonist, KA-1002, which alleviates lysophosphatidic acid-mediated a broad range of inflammation related gene expression in swine macrophages. Specifically, we found that KA-1002 significantly alleviated LPA-induced genes related with inflammation such as a role of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis and STAT3 signal pathway. Taken together, KA-1002 could be considered a novel therapeutic reagent candidate for swine inflammatory diseases. Abstract Stresses and various infectious reagents caused multiple inflammatory diseases in swine in a livestock industrial environment. Therefore, there is a need for an effective therapeutic or preventive agent that could alleviate chronic and acute inflammation. We found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a stress-induced potent endogenous inflammatory molecule, causes a broad range-regulation of inflammation related genes inflammation in swine macrophages. We further investigated the genome scaled transcriptional regulatory effect of a novel LPA-signaling antagonist, KA-1002 on swine macrophages, inducing the alleviated LPA-mediated inflammation related gene expression. Therefore, KA-1002 could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic or preventive agent to maintain physiologically healthy and balanced conditions of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Hwang
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34137, Korea
| | - Hee-su Shin
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Wooyeon Hwang
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyunghee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
| | - Suk-gil Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea;
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.H.L.); Tel.: +82-42-610-8251 (D.P.); +82-42-860-7414 (C.H.L.)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Center for Information-Based Drug Research, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (M.K.); (H.-s.S.); (W.H.); (Y.K.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.H.L.); Tel.: +82-42-610-8251 (D.P.); +82-42-860-7414 (C.H.L.)
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Lim HH, Lim SJ, Park YS, Choi SH, Min YK, Yoon BK. Effects of risedronate versus menopausal hormone therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women with hip fracture: a randomized, open-label trial. Maturitas 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yoo IY, Song JS, Ki CS, Kim JW, Cha HS, Min YK. Novel 4-bp Intronic Deletion (c.1560+5_1560+8del) [corrected] in LEMD3 in a Korean Patient With Osteopoikilosis. Ann Lab Med 2017; 37:540-543. [PMID: 28840995 PMCID: PMC5587830 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopoikilosis is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by symmetric multiple osteosclerotic lesions throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton. Pathogenic variants in the LEMD3 have been identified as the cause of osteopoikilosis. LEMD3 encodes an inner nuclear membrane protein that interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathways. We report the case of a 19-year-old man presenting with lower back pain and sciatica. His radiograph revealed bilateral and symmetrical multiple osteosclerotic bone lesions in both scapular areas. Sanger sequencing of LEMD3 revealed a four-base-pair deletion in intron 2 (c.1560+3_1560+6del), which was inherited from his father. We found that this four-base-pair deletion in intron 2 causes aberrant splicing and consequent deletion of exon 2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genetically confirmed osteopoikilosis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Sun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Suk Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Bae SJ, Kim HJ, Won HY, Min YK, Hwang ES. Acceleration of osteoblast differentiation by a novel osteogenic compound, DMP-PYT, through activation of both the BMP and Wnt pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8455. [PMID: 28814721 PMCID: PMC5559513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is regulated through the successive activation of signaling molecules by a complex interplay of extracellular signals such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt ligands. Numerous studies have identified natural as well as synthetic compounds with osteogenic activity through the regulation of either BMP/SMADs or the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we attempted to isolate small molecules that concurrently activated both SMADs and β-catenin, which led to the discovery of a novel potent osteogenic compound, DMP-PYT. Upon BMP2 stimulation, DMP-PYT substantially increased osteoblast differentiation featured by enhanced expression of osteoblast-specific genes and accelerated calcification through activation of BMPs expression. DMP-PYT promoted BMP2-induced SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and β-catenin expression, the latter in a BMP2-independent manner. DMP-PYT alone enhanced nuclear localization of β-catenin to promote the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of T-cell factor, thereby resulting in increased osteoblast differentiation in the absence of BMP2. Most importantly, DMP-PYT advanced skeletal development and bone calcification in zebrafish larvae. Conclusively, DMP-PYT strongly stimulated osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo by potentiating BMP2-induced activation of SMADs and β-catenin. These results suggest that DMP-PYT may have beneficial effects for preventing and for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Bae
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hye Joo Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Won
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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Bae SJ, Min YK, Hwang ES. Potent osteogenic activity of a novel imidazobenzimidazole derivative, IBIP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:409-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Koh JM, Chung DJ, Chung YS, Kang MI, Kim IJ, Min YK, Oh HJ, Park IH, Lee YS, Kravitz B, Waterhouse B, Nino A, Fitzpatrick LA. Assessment of Denosumab in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial with Open-Label Extension. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:905-14. [PMID: 27189284 PMCID: PMC4951467 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.4.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy and safety of denosumab was compared with placebo in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in this phase III study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women aged 60 to 90 years with a T-score of <-2.5 and ≥-4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip were randomized to a single 60 mg subcutaneous dose of denosumab or placebo for the 6-month double-blind phase. Eligible subjects entered the 6-month open-label extension phase and received a single dose of denosumab 60 mg. RESULTS Baseline demographics were similar in the 62 denosumab- and 64 placebo-treated subjects who completed the double-blind phase. Treatment favored denosumab over placebo for the primary endpoint {mean percent change from baseline in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at Month 6 [3.2% (95% confidence interval 2.1%, 4.4%; p<0.0001)]}; and secondary endpoints (mean percent change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Month 1, total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter BMD at Months 1 and 6, and median percent change from baseline in bone turnover markers at Months 1, 3, and 6). Endpoint improvements were sustained over 12 months in the open-label extension (n=119). There were no new or unexpected safety signals. CONCLUSION Denosumab was well tolerated and effective in increasing BMD and decreasing bone turnover markers over a 12-month period in Korean postmenopausal women. The findings of this study demonstrate that denosumab has beneficial effects on the measures of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yoon Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ju Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Cheil General Hospital, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Hyung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Chung YS, Chung DJ, Kang MI, Kim IJ, Koh JM, Min YK, Oh HJ, Park IH, Lee YS, Kravitz B, Waterhouse B, Fitzpatrick LA, Nino A. Vitamin D Repletion in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:923-7. [PMID: 27189286 PMCID: PMC4951469 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.4.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Up to 71% of South Korean postmenopausal women have vitamin D deficiency {serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] level <50 nmol/L}. Data on vitamin D supplementation was collected during the screening phase of an efficacy/safety study of denosumab in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This report describes the effect of vitamin D supplementation on repletion to 25(OH)D levels ≥50 nmol/L in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vitamin D levels of Korean postmenopausal women (60-90 years old) were measured by extracting 25(OH)D₂ and 25(OH)D₃ from serum samples via protein precipitation and using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Calibration curves were constructed from the mass chromatograms to obtain total vitamin D levels. Subjects with serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L were supplemented with 1000 IU of vitamin D tablets during the 2.5-month-long screening period. Dose, frequency, and duration were determined by the investigator. If repletion was achieved (≥50 nmol/L) on retest, subjects were eligible to be rescreened for study entry. RESULTS Of 371 subjects screened, 191 (52%) required vitamin D supplementation, and 88% (168 of 191) were successfully repleted. More than half of the subjects (58%) who were successfully repleted received doses of 2000 IU daily. The mean time to successful repletion was 31 days (standard deviation 8.4 days; range 11-48 days). CONCLUSION Supplementation with daily median doses of 2000 IU vitamin D successfully repleted 88% of Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis within 48 days to a serum vitamin D level of 50 nmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ju Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Cheil General Hospital, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Hyung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Kim HJ, Bae JC, Park HK, Byun DW, Suh K, Yoo MH, Kim JH, Min YK, Kim SW, Chung JH. Triiodothyronine Levels Are Independently Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Euthyroid Middle-Aged Subjects. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:311-9. [PMID: 27184017 PMCID: PMC4923416 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown an association between thyroid hormone levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among euthyroid individuals; however, there have been some inconsistencies between studies. Here, we evaluated the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and MetS in euthyroid middle-aged subjects in a large cohort. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 13,496 euthyroid middle-aged subjects who participated in comprehensive health examinations was performed. Subjects were grouped according to thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and T3-to-T4 ratio quartile categories. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS according to thyroid hormone quartiles using logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the study patients, 12% (n=1,664) had MetS. A higher T3 level and T3-to-T4 ratio were associated with unfavourable metabolic profiles, such as higher body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The proportion of participants with MetS increased across the T3 quartile categories (P for trend <0.001) and the T3-to-T4 ratio quartile categories (P for trend <0.001). The multi-variate-adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) for MetS in the highest T3 quartile group was 1.249 (1.020 to 1.529) compared to the lowest T3 quartile group, and that in the highest T3-to-T4 ratio quartile group was 1.458 (1.141 to 1.863) compared to the lowest T3-to-T4 ratio quartile group, even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Serum T3 levels and T3-to-T4 ratio are independently associated with MetS in euthyroid middle-aged subjects. Longitudinal studies are needed to define this association and its potential health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoil Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hi Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Cho IJ, Chung HY, Kim SW, Lee JW, Lee TW, Kim HS, Kim SG, Choi HS, Choi SH, Shin CS, Oh KW, Min YK, Koh JM, Rhee Y, Byun DW, Chung YS, Park JH, Chung DJ, Shong M, Hong EG, Lee CB, Baek KH, Kang MI. Efficacy of a Once-Monthly Pill Containing Ibandronate and Cholecalciferol on the Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:272-9. [PMID: 25491782 PMCID: PMC4595351 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of ibandronate and cholecalciferol on the restoration of the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and various bone markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, prospective 16-week clinical trial conducted in 20 different hospitals. A total of 201 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were assigned randomly to one of two groups: the IBN group, which received a once-monthly pill containing 150 mg ibandronate (n=99), or the IBN+ group, which received a once-monthly pill containing 150 mg ibandronate and 24,000 IU cholecalciferol (n=102). Serum levels of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and various bone markers were assessed at baseline and at the end of a 16-week treatment period. RESULTS After 16 weeks of treatment, the mean serum levels of 25(OH)D significantly increased from 21.0 to 25.3 ng/mL in the IBN+ group but significantly decreased from 20.6 to 17.4 ng/mL in the IBN group. Additionally, both groups exhibited significant increases in mean serum levels of PTH but significant decreases in serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) at 16 weeks; no significant differences were observed between the groups. However, in subjects with a vitamin D deficiency, IBN+ treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum CTX levels compared with IBN treatment. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrate that a once-monthly pill containing ibandronate and cholecalciferol may be useful for the amelioration of vitamin D deficiency in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Moreover, this treatment combination effectively decreased serum levels of resorption markers, especially in subjects with a vitamin D deficiency, over the 16-week treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jin Cho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Hye Soon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Won Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Koh
- Divison of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Gyoung Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Chang Beom Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Baek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Denosumab, a fully human recombinant monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), blocks binding of RANKL to the RANK receptor, found on the surface of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors, resulting in decreased bone resorption. Subcutaneous denosumab administration once every 6 months increases bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, total hip, and/or femoral neck, and reduces markers of bone turnover significantly in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Relative to placebo, denosumab treatment reduces the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures significantly. The benefits of denosumab treatment are generally obvious after the first dose and were continued for up to 8 years of treatment in an extension study. The tolerability profile of denosumab during this extension phase was consistent with that observed during the initial 3-year FREEDOM trial. Postmarketing safety surveillance has not shown any unexpected findings. Ongoing safety surveillance will more fully define the long-term safety of denosumab. The benefits of denosumab would seem to be greater than its risks. Denosumab is an important choice in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at increased risk of fractures, including older patients who have difficulty with oral bisphosphonate intake and patients who are intolerant of, or unresponsive to, other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Park JY, Kim JH, Kim SW, Chung JH, Min YK, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Using growth hormone levels to detect macroadenoma in patients with acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:450-6. [PMID: 25325263 PMCID: PMC4285038 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the clinical differences between acromegalic patients with microadenoma and patients with macroadenoma, and to evaluate the predictive value of growth hormone (GH) levels for early detection of macroadenoma. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 215 patients diagnosed with a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The patients were divided into two groups: the microadenoma group and the macroadenoma group, and the clinical parameters were compared between these two groups. The most sensitive and specific GH values for predicting macroadenoma were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Compared with the microadenoma group, the macroadenoma group had a significantly younger age, higher body mass index, higher prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and a lower proportion of positive suppression to octreotide. However, there were no significant differences in the gender or in the prevalence of diabetes between the two groups. The tumor diameter was positively correlated with all GH values during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All GH values were significantly higher in the macroadenoma group than the microadenoma group. Cut-off values for GH levels at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes for optimal discrimination between macroadenoma and microadenoma were 5.6, 5.7, 6.3, 6.0, and 5.8 ng/mL, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that the GH value at 30 minutes had the highest area under the curve. CONCLUSION The GH level of 5.7 ng/mL or higher at 30 minutes during OGTT could provide sufficient information to detect macroadenoma at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Shik Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Won Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
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15
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Kim DH, Sung DH, Min YK. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by low-dose adefovir therapy: focus on manifestations in the skeletal system and literature review. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:240-6. [PMID: 22976054 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease that leads to softening of the bones and can be caused by hypophosphatemia. Large clinical studies of low-dose adefovir dipivoxil (adefovir) have found no evidence of renal tubular dysfunction leading to hypophosphatemia after 48 weeks of treatment. We report two cases of low-dose adefovir-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia that initially presented with diffuse musculoskeletal pain. The first patient was a 62-year-old man with a 2-year history of bone pain involving the dorsal mid-thorax, lower anterior chest wall, right sacroiliac joint area, and both knees. The patient had been receiving adefovir for 5 years before confirmation of hypophosphatemia and urinary phosphate wasting. Bone scintigraphy revealed multifocal lesions including multiple ribs, costochondral junctions, costovertebral junctions, sacrum, both posterior iliac bones, both proximal tibia, right calcaneus, and the left second metatarsophalangeal joint area, which were suggestive of metabolic bone disorder. Bone pain was significantly reduced within 3 months after supplementation with phosphate and calcitriol. The second patient was a 54-year-old male who presented with an 18-month history of severe bone pain of the right medial knee and low back. The patient had been taking adefovir for approximately 40 months before the development of bone pain. Laboratory data revealed hypophosphatemia and vitamin D deficiency. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in bilateral ribs, sternum, both scapulae, both costovertebral junctions, both pelvic bones, medial cortex of the right proximal femur, right proximal tibia, and the left lateral tarsal bone. The symptoms improved by changing the antiviral agent from adefovir to entecavir. Because osteomalacia often presents with diffuse bone pain, non-specific radiologic findings and non-characteristic routine serum biochemical changes, the disease can be confused with various musculoskeletal diseases and a high index of suspicion is necessary for an early diagnosis in patients receiving adefovir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hwan Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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16
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Sohn SY, Park HD, Lee SY, Kim JH, Jung BC, Kim HJ, Jang HW, Kim KW, Lee MK, Min YK, Kim JH. Different diagnostic cut-off values of urinary fractionated metanephrines according to sex for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in Korean subjects. Endocr J 2012; 59:831-8. [PMID: 22785075 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma depends on the documentation of catecholamine overproduction. The use of urinary fractionated metanephrines has recently become common for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. In order to avoid false positive and false negative results, optimal cut-off levels are necessary; however, there have been few published reports on whether different cut-off levels are needed to diagnose pheochromocytoma according to sex. We reviewed the medical records of 815 subjects (including 103 pheochromocytoma patients) whose of 24-h urinary fractionated metanephrine was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography methods and adrenal imaging at Samsung Medical Center. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-off values according to sex. The upper limit values of fractionated metanephrine in healthy volunteers and the control group were significantly higher in male subjects compared with females. When we applied cut-off values according to sex, the diagnostic efficacies (defining a positive test as either metanephrine or normetanephrine levels above the cut-off value) were a sensitivity of 96% in male subjects and 98.1% in female subjects and a specificity of 88.6% in male subjects and 94.1% in female subjects. However, when we applied cut-off values without considering sex, the specificity decreased from 88.6% to 77.8% in male subjects. In this study, urinary fractionated metanephrines had a high level of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. However, diagnostic cut-off values were higher in male subjects than in female subjects. Therefore, different cut-off values may be needed according to sex to diagnose pheochromocytoma in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Sohn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HK, Oh YL, Kim SH, Lee DY, Kang HC, Lee JI, Jang HW, Hur KY, Kim JH, Min YK, Chung JH, Kim SW. Parafibromin immunohistochemical staining to differentiate parathyroid carcinoma from parathyroid adenoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:201-6. [PMID: 21717519 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the HRPT2 oncosuppressor gene, and the expression is reported to be decreased or absent in parathyroid carcinomas. METHODS A total of 26 tumor specimens from 18 patients with adenoma and 8 patients with carcinoma were immune-stained with an antibody against parafibromin. RESULTS Parafibromin immunostaining showed strong positivity in 17 of 18 adenomas. Negative staining was noted in 3 of 8 carcinomas, and weak positivity was found in 3 of 8 carcinomas. The remaining 2 cases of carcinoma showed strong positivity. The loss of parafibromin expression (negative or weak positivity) demonstrated 94.4% specificity in the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinomas. Relapses or distant metastases of carcinoma occurred only in cases in which there was a loss of parafibromin immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS Loss of parafibromin immunostating showed promising results in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma from adenoma and may also serve as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
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18
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Kim SN, Bae SJ, Kwak HB, Min YK, Jung SH, Kim CH, Kim SH. In vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of licochalcone A. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1455-65. [PMID: 21468757 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity of licochalcone A. At low concentrations, licochalcone A stimulated the differentiation of mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 (MC4) cells and enhanced the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced stimulation of mouse bi-potential mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells to commit to the osteoblast differentiation pathway. This osteogenic activity of licochalcone A was accompanied by the activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK). The involvement of ERK was confirmed in a pharmacologic inhibition study. Additionally, noggin (a BMP antagonist) inhibited the osteogenic activity of licochalcone A in C2C12 cells. Licochalcone A also enhanced the BMP-2-stimulated expression of various BMP mRNAs. This suggested that the osteogenic action of licochalcone A in C2C12 cells could be dependent on BMP signaling and/or expression. We then tested the in vivo osteogenic activity of licochalcone A in two independent animal models. Licochalcone A accelerated the rate of skeletal development in zebrafish and enhanced woven bone formation over the periosteum of mouse calvarial bones. In summary, licochalcone A induced osteoblast differentiation with ERK activation in both MC4 and C2C12 cells and it exhibited in vivo osteogenic activity in zebrafish skeletal development and mouse calvarial bone formation. The dual action of licochalcone A in stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, as described in a previous study, might be beneficial in treating bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Nam Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
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Lee SU, Choi YH, Kim YS, Park SJ, Kwak HB, Min YK, Kim HN, Lim KE, Choi JY, Rhee M, Kim SH. Physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside enhances the commitment of mouse mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation: Possible involvement of signaling pathways to activate BMP gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:1148-57. [PMID: 20108254 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show the involvement of signaling pathways to induce the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the osteogenic activity of physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (physcion-Glu); it stimulated osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells and induced BMP-2 gene expression and activation of Akt and ERK/MAP kinases. Physcion-Glu-induced BMP-2 expression and mineralization were attenuated by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K that lies upstream of Akt and MAP kinases, suggesting that physcion-Glu induces osteoblast differentiation via PI3K-Akt/MAP kinase signaling pathways, which play important roles in inducing BMP-2 gene expression. Physcion-Glu also enhanced BMP-2-induced commitment of mouse bi-potential mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells into osteoblasts while inducing the transcription of several osteogenic BMP isoforms, such as BMP-2, -4, -7, and -9. Osteogenic synergy between BMP-2 and physcion-Glu was supported by the fact that noggin inhibited BMP-2 and physcion-Glu-induced alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. Considering that physcion-Glu induced Runx2 activity and the nuclear translocation of p-Smad, physcion-Glu could act by enhancing the BMP signaling pathway that induces Smad activation and translocation to activate Runx2. In conclusion, physcion-Glu could enhance the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation by activating signaling pathways to induce BMP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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Park JY, No HS, Ahn YR, Oh SH, Kim YS, Kim SY, Jang KT, Kim SW, Chung JH, Min YK, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim JH, Kim KW. Pathologic changes and glucose homeostasis according to expression of human islet amyloid polypeptide in type 2 diabetic patients. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:731-40. [PMID: 20421596 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount of amyloid detectable in islets varies, and is not always correlated with degree of beta-cell loss. It has been hypothesized that islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregation causes beta-cell dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the relationship between IAPP expression and glucose homeostasis in pancreatectomized patients. Human pancreatic head tissues were collected from 46 pancreatic tumor patients. We divided the diabetic cases into two groups, patients with higher IAPP-expressing islets (DM-H) and patients with lower IAPP-expressing islets (DM-L), and compared both groups to patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Interestingly, oral glucose tolerance test analyses showed that DM-L patients had significantly higher glucose levels and lower C-peptide levels than DM-H patients. Furthermore, the DM-H group showed a relative beta-cell volume similar to that of the NGT group, as well as a significantly higher relative beta-cell volume than the DM-L group. The DM-L group was significantly higher than the DM-H group, not only in the rates of replication and apoptosis, but also in the nuclear C/EBP homologous protein and the ratio of oligomer to IAPP. Thus, IAPP expression may not be an indicator of cell death induction. IAPP, including oligomer, may be an important determinant in the fate of islet beta-cells. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SU, Choi YH, Kim YS, Min YK, Rhee M, Kim SH. Anti-resorptive saurolactam exhibits in vitro anti-inflammatory activity via ERK–NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Shim KS, Lee SU, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating transcription factors and MAP kinases. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1754-8. [PMID: 19441063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of anabolic agents to enhance bone mass has been a source of interest. Previous work by us suggested that corosolic acid (2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid), an active component of banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.), potentially stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Therefore, the present study investigated whether corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and its possible mechanisms of action. At low concentrations (up to 5 microm), corosolic acid significantly stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization without cytotoxicity. Corosolic acid induced NF-kappaB and MAP kinase activity at an early stage of osteoblast differentiation and increased the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 during late-stage osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the anabolic effects of corosolic acid upon osteoblast differentiation could result from its activation of transcription factors and MAP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Shuk Shim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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Choi JS, Kang NS, Min YK, Kim SH. Euphorbiasteroid reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multi-drug resistance in human sarcoma cell line MES-SA/Dx5. Phytother Res 2009; 24:1042-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Hwang MK, Min YK, Kim SH. Calmodulin inhibition contributes to sensitize TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer H1299 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:919-26. [DOI: 10.1139/o09-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) preferentially triggers apoptosis in tumor cells versus normal cells. However, TRAIL alone is not effective in treating TRAIL-resistant tumors. We evaluated the effect of 180 enzyme inhibitors on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer H1299 cells, and found fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane (a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist) sensitized TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, in the presence of TRAIL, it increased caspase-8 binding to the Fas-associated death domain (FADD), but decreased binding of FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory proteins (FLIPs). Additionally, its combination with TRAIL inhibited Akt phosphorylation. These results were consistently observed in cells treated with CaM siRNA. We suggested the blockade of CaM could sensitize lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in at least 2 ways: (i) it can activate death-inducing signaling complex mediated apoptosis by inhibiting TRAIL-induced binding of FLIP and TRAIL-enhanced binding of caspase-8 to FADD; (ii) it can inhibit Akt phosphorylation, consequently leading to decreased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules such as FLIP and members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. This study suggests the combination of CaM antagonists with TRAIL may have the therapeutic potential to overcome the resistance of lung cancers to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-kyung Hwang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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25
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Kim MH, Ryu SY, Choi JS, Min YK, Kim SH. Saurolactam inhibits osteoclast differentiation and stimulates apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:618-28. [PMID: 19653230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) plays a critical role in the differentiation and bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts. Recently, the development of anti-resorptive agents from natural substances has become a subject of interest. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of 222 natural compounds on the RANKL-induced tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP; a marker for osteoclast differentiation) activity and multinucleated osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. We found that saurolactam was one of the compounds inhibiting the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; it significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced TRAP activity and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts without any cytotoxicity. Interestingly, saurolactam prevented RANKL-induced activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB, and mRNA expression of osteoclast-related genes and transcription factors (c-Fos, Fra-2, and NFATc1). We also observed the inhibitory effect of saurolactam on the differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, saurolactam inhibited the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts with the induction of apoptotic signaling cascade and the inhibition of survival signaling pathways such as c-Src/PI3K/Akt, Ras/ERK, and JNK/c-Jun. In conclusion, although further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism and biological efficacy of saurolactam in osteoclast-mediated bone disorders, our results demonstrate that saurolactam potentially inhibits osteoclast differentiation by preventing the activation of MAP kinases and transcription factors that consequently affect the regulation of genes required for osteoclastogenesis, and the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts by inhibiting osteoclast survival-related signaling pathways and triggering the apoptotic signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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26
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Abstract
Natural compounds with bone-forming (or anabolic) activity have been recently focused on in bone research. The present study investigated the effect of undecylenic acid (UA) on osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells and primary mouse calvarial cells. Low concentrations of UA (up to 5 microM) exhibited no cytotoxicity and significantly increased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (early differentiation marker of osteoblast) and calcium deposition with the induction of expression of the osteocalcin gene in both cells. Interestingly, at low concentration of UA, the induction of NF-kappaB p65 translocation into nucleus and the up-regulation of AP-1 and NFATc1 transcript levels were also observed, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of UA on osteoblast differentiation could be mediated through the activation of transcription factors. Additionally, although the patterns of UA-induced activation of MAP kinases (JNK and p38) were not completely consistent with the increase of both ALP activity and calcium deposition by UA, MAP kinases might be partially involved in the biological function of UA during the early and late stages of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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27
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Min KH, Xia Y, Kim EK, Jin Y, Kaur N, Kim ES, Kim DK, Jung HY, Choi Y, Park MK, Min YK, Lee K, Lee K. A novel class of highly potent multidrug resistance reversal agents: Disubstituted adamantyl derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5376-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Kim SN, Kim MH, Kim YS, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of (-)-saucerneol on osteoclast differentiation and bone pit formation. Phytother Res 2009; 23:185-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Lee SU, Shim KS, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Machilin A isolated from Myristica fragrans stimulates osteoblast differentiation. Planta Med 2009; 75:152-157. [PMID: 19096999 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the stimulatory effects of machilin A and structurally related lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans on osteoblast differentiation. In two IN VITRO osteoblast differentiation models, machilin A stimulated osteoblast differentiation via activation of p38 MAP kinase. Lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans also stimulated osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells; the lignans included macelignan, machilin F, nectandrin B, safrole, licarin A, licarin B, myristargenol, and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid. These data suggest that lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans have anabolic activity in bone metabolism.
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30
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Lee SU, Park SJ, Kwak HB, Oh J, Min YK, Kim SH. Anabolic activity of ursolic acid in bone: Stimulating osteoblast differentiation in vitro and inducing new bone formation in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2008; 58:290-6. [PMID: 18822379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the field of osteoporosis, there has been growing interest in anabolic agents that enhance bone mass and improve bone architecture. In this study, we demonstrated that the ubiquitous plant triterpenoid, ursolic acid, enhances differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. We found that ursolic acid induced the expression of osteoblast-specific genes with the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-kappaB, and activator protein-1. Additionally, noggin, an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), inhibited ursolic acid-induced osteoblast differentiation. Noggin also inhibited the activation of Smad and the induction of BMP-2 mRNA expression by ursolic acid in the late stage of osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, ursolic acid was shown to have bone-forming activity in vivo in a mouse calvarial bone formation model. A high proportion of positive immunostaining of BMP-2 was found in the nuclear region of woven bone formed by ursolic acid. These results suggested that ursolic acid has the anabolic potential to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and enhance new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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31
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Kim JM, Lee SU, Kim YS, Min YK, Kim SH. Baicalein stimulates osteoblast differentiation via coordinating activation of MAP kinases and transcription factors. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1906-17. [PMID: 18384125 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The identification of anabolic agents that directly stimulate bone formation has recently attracted greater interest. Here, baicalein was identified as a natural compound that stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Baicalein induced the activation of NF-kappaB in the initiation stage of osteoblast differentiation, and it activated the MAP kinase/NF-kappaB signaling pathway and induced the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers in the early stage. In the late stage, baicalein stimulated the calcium deposition with the activation of MAP kinases and AP-1 family members such as Fra-1 and Fra-2. Another transcription factor, NFATc1, was slightly induced by baicalein in the late stage. Thus, baicalein could stimulate the osteoblast differentiation via the activation of complexly coordinated signaling pathways that include MAP kinases and transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, AP-1, and NFATc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Center for Drug Discovery Technologies, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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32
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Kim SN, Kim MH, Min YK, Kim SH. Licochalcone A inhibits the formation and bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts. Cell Biol Int 2008; 32:1064-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Lee SU, Rhee MC, Min YK, Kim SH. Involvement of peroxiredoxin IV in the 16α-hydroxyestrone-induced proliferation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2008; 32:401-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Lee SU, Shin HK, Min YK, Kim SH. Emodin accelerates osteoblast differentiation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:741-7. [PMID: 18387517 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone present in the roots and bark of numerous plants of the genus Rhamnus. Here, we identified emodin as one of compounds activating the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in the differentiation process of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Without any effect on cell growth, the low concentration (up to 5 microM) of emodin highly induced the mRNA expression of BMP-2, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (an early marker of osteoblast differentiation), and the mineralization. Interestingly, emodin induced the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, but those inductions by emodin were completely inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, suggesting that the up-regulation of BMP-2 by emodin could be mediated through the activation of both Akt and MAP kinases by activating PI3K. Additionally, emodin-induced activation of NF-kappaB suggested that NF-kappaB might be required for its anabolic activity in part. In conclusion, the use of natural compounds with anabolic activity such as emodin could have a beneficial effect on bone health and this kind of studies further elucidate the pharmacological roles of natural compounds in the prevention of osteoporosis and provide the initiative in the early drug discovery and development for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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35
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Park SE, Min YK, Ha JD, Kim BT, Lee WG. Novel small molecule induces p53-dependent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:842-7. [PMID: 17509529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using high-throughput screening with small-molecule libraries, we identified a compound, KCG165 [(2-(3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-1,10b-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5(6H)-one)], which strongly activated p53-mediated transcriptional activity. KCG165-induced phosphorylations of p53 at Ser(6), Ser(15), and Ser(20)(,) which are all key residues involved in the activation and stabilization of p53. Consistent with these findings, KCG165 increased level of p53 protein and led to the accumulation of transcriptionally active p53 in the nucleus with the increased occupancy of p53 in the endogenous promoter region of its downstream target gene, p21(WAF1/CIP). Notably, KCG165-induced p53-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, we suggested topoisomerase II as the molecular target of KCG165. Together, these results indicate that KCG165 may have potential applications as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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36
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Jeong JG, Kim YS, Min YK, Kim SH. Low concentration of 3-carene stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Phytother Res 2007; 22:18-22. [PMID: 17685387 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, natural products have gained more interest as alternative treatments for metabolic bone disorders and for the maintenance of bone health. In this study, the anabolic activities of 89 natural compounds were evaluated by measuring the amount of newly synthesized calcium in the differentiation process of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Of these compounds, a low concentration (up to 5 microm) of 3-carene, which is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees, was shown to stimulate significantly the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation, on differentiation day 9. On day 15, it dramatically promoted the induction of calcium in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of 3-carene on mineralization might be associated with its potential to induce the protein expression/activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and the transcript levels of osteoblast mineralization-related genes such as osteopontin and type I collagen. Further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism, but the anabolic activity of 3-carene in bone metabolism suggested that the use of natural additives to the diet including essential oils could have a beneficial effect on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Geun Jeong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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37
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Kim MH, Kim BT, Min YK, Kim SH. Profiling signalling pathways of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclast formation in mouse monocyte cells, RAW264.7. Amino Acids 2006; 34:497-506. [PMID: 17086477 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based signal chemical genomics can profile the signalling pathway for certain cellular events by using a target-known chemical library. To ascertain its usefulness, the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse monocyte/macrophage cells RAW264.7 was used as an in vitro experimental model. Of 180 target-known inhibitors/activators formatted in a 384-well plate, 8 chemicals were shown to inhibit the osteoclast formation, but 4 chemicals enhanced this process. A variety of references support, or possibly lead one to expect the effects of these 12 chemicals on the cellular process of osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells, but several signalling pathways were newly found in this study; for example, CA-074 Me inhibiting cathepsin B and nitrendipine blocking the calcium channel could have the potential to inhibit the osteoclast formation as well as bone resorption. This is a simple but very fast and powerful method of profiling the signalling pathway of certain cellular events. Signal chemical genomics could provide invaluable information for the exploration of new target signalling processes and further target-based drug discovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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38
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Lee JS, Han SY, Kim MS, Yu CM, Kim MH, Kim SH, Min YK, Kim BT. Synthesis of novel chemical probes for the study of tanshinone binding proteins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4733-7. [PMID: 16872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel diazirine or biotin-labeled tanshinone probes were synthesized and evaluated for TRAP inhibitory activity against RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. We found that diazirine-labeled derivatives (18 and 20) are potent inhibitors of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. IC50 values were 18.02 and 15.00 microM, respectively. These probes will be useful reagents for investigating tanshinone-proteins interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Lee
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yusong-ku, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Eun Suk Rho
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yusong-ku, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yusong-ku, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Bum Tae Kim
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yusong-ku, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Kim
- b Bioland Ltd. , 39-4 Songjeong-ri, Byongchon-myun, Chonan-city, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-860, Korea
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40
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Lee SU, Kim BT, Min YK, Kim SH. Protein profiling and transcript expression levels of heat shock proteins in 17beta-estradiol-treated human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2006; 30:983-91. [PMID: 16962797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using proteomics, proteins regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2) were identified in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells; 26 proteins including heat shock proteins (Hsps) were differentially regulated by E2 in cells cultured in serum-free condition. When the transcript levels of these proteins and another Hsps were measured by real-time PCR, the transcripts encoding 6 proteins (Hsp56, Hsp90alpha, Hsp110, protein disulfide isomerase related protein, XTP3-transactivated protein A and stathmin 1) were significantly up-regulated and that encoding aminoacylase 1 was down-regulated by E2 in cells cultured with or without serum. The protein profiling and transcript expression patterns of E2-regulated proteins including Hsps in MCF-7 cells suggested the involvement of these proteins in breast carcinogenesis. Proteins (or transcripts) whose expression pattern is altered by E2 might be potent targets for treating breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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41
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Han SY, Park SS, Lee WG, Min YK, Kim BT. Synthesis of a novel biotin-tagged photoaffinity probe for VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:129-33. [PMID: 16216503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel biotin-tagged photoaffinity probe was synthesized and evaluated as a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The probe (2) is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC(50) value of 7.1 microM, and inhibits VEGF-induced proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), with an IC(50) value of 40.3 microM. This probe will be a useful reagent for investigating ligand-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Han
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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Chae HY, Lee BW, Oh SH, Ahn YR, Chung JH, Min YK, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Effective glycemic control achieved by transplanting non-viral cationic liposome-mediated VEGF-transfected islets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Exp Mol Med 2005; 37:513-23. [PMID: 16391512 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2005.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic damage is one of the major causes of islet graft failure and VEGF is known to play a crucial role in revascularization. To address the effectiveness of a cationic lipid reagent as a VEGF gene carrier, and the beneficial effect of VEGF-transfected islets on glycemic control, we used effectene lipid reagent in a transfection experiment using mouse islets. Transfection efficiencies were highest for 4 microg/microgL cDNA and 25 microgL effectene and cell viabilities were also satisfactory under this condition, and the overproduction of VEGF mRNA and protein were confirmed from conditioned cells. A minimal number of VEGF-transfected islets (100 IEQ/animal) were transplanted into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Hyperglycemia was not controlled in the islet transplantation (IT)-alone group (0/8) (non- diabetic glucose mice number/total recipient mice number) or in the IT-pJDK control vector group (0/8). However, hyperglycemia was completely abrogated in the IT-pJDK-VEGF transduced group (8/8), and viable islets and increased VEGF-transfected grafts vascularization were observed in renal capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Chae
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 100-380, Korea
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Kim SH, Lee SU, Kim MH, Kim BT, Min YK. Mitogenic estrogen metabolites alter the expression of 17beta-estradiol-regulated proteins including heat shock proteins in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cells 2005; 20:378-84. [PMID: 16404153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen metabolites are carcinogenic. The comparative mitogenic activities of 17b-estradiol (E2) and four metabolites, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE1) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), were determined in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Each of the E2 metabolites caused proliferation of the MCF-7 cells, but only E2 and 16a-OHE1 induced a greater than 20-fold increases in transcripts of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, a classical ER-mediated gene. This suggests that the mitogenic action of E2 and 16a-OHE1 could result from their effects on gene expression via the ER. E2 metabolites altered the expression of E2-regulated proteins including heat shock proteins (Hsps). 16a-OHE1 and 2-ME as well as E2 increased levels of Hsp56, Hsp60, Hsp90a and Hsp110 transcripts, and the patterns of these inductions resembled that of PR. Hsp56 and Hsp60 protein levels were increased by all the E2 metabolites. Levels of the transcripts of 3 E2-upregulated proteins (XTP3-transactivated protein A, protein disulfide isomerase-associated 4 protein and stathmin 1) and an E2-downregulated protein (aminoacylase 1) were also affected by the E2 metabolites. These results suggest that the altered expression of Hsps (especially Hsp56 and Hsp60) by E2 metabolites such as E2, 16a-OHE1 and 2-ME could be closely linked to their mitogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
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Kitahata N, Saito S, Miyazawa Y, Umezawa T, Shimada Y, Min YK, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Shinozaki K, Yoshida S, Asami T. Chemical regulation of abscisic acid catabolism in plants by cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4491-8. [PMID: 15882944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an important factor for conferring drought stress resistance on plants. Therefore, small molecules that regulate ABA levels in plants can be useful both for investigating functions of ABA and for developing new plant growth regulators. Abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism in plants is primarily regulated by ABA 8'-hydroxylase, which is a cytochrome P450 (P450). We tested known P450 inhibitors containing a triazole group and found that uniconazole-P inhibited ABA catabolism in cultured tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells. In a structure-activity study of uniconazole, we found a more effective ABA catabolic inhibitor (diniconazole) than uniconazole-P. Diniconazole, a fungicide, acted as a potent competitive inhibitor of recombinant Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase, CYP707A3, in an in vitro assay. Diniconazole-treated plants retained a higher ABA content and higher transcription levels of ABA response genes during rehydration than did untreated plants and were more drought stress tolerant than untreated plants. These results strongly suggest that ABA catabolic inhibitors that target ABA 8'-hydroxylase can regulate the ABA content of plants and conferred drought stress resistance on plants. The optical resolution of diniconazole revealed that the S-form isomer, which is a weak fungicidal isomer, was more active as an ABA catabolic inhibitor than was the R-form isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Kitahata
- Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Sobue T, Gravely T, Hand A, Min YK, Pilbeam C, Raisz LG, Zhang X, Larocca D, Florkiewicz R, Hurley MM. Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptors by transforming growth factor beta in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:502-12. [PMID: 11874241 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and its receptors (FGFRs) are important regulators of bone cell function. Although FGF-2 is a major modulator of bone cell function, its expression and regulation in human osteoblasts have not been investigated. We examined FGF-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and regulation in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Northern analysis revealed that MG-63 cells expressed FGF-2 mRNA transcripts of 7, 4, 2.2, and 1.3 kilobases (kb). In the absence of serum, treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta; 0.1-10 ng/ml) increased all FGF-2 mRNA transcripts. Maximal increase was seen with 1 ng/ml of TGF-beta. TGF-beta increased FGF-2 mRNA expression within 2 h and this was sustained for 24 h. Phorbal myristate acetate (PMA; 1 microM) also increased FGF-2 mRNA at 6 h. Time course studies showed that TGF-beta did not significantly alter FGFR1 or FGFR2 mRNA expression in MG-63 cells. Western blotting with anti-human FGF-2 revealed that MG-63 cells synthesize three isoforms of FGF-2 protein of approximately 18, 22/23, and 24 kDa, which were increased after either 6 h or 24 h of treatment with TGF-beta. Increased FGF-2 mRNA and protein expression in response to TGF-beta was markedly reduced by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Immunogold labeling of MG-63 cells treated with TGF-beta showed increased labeling for FGF-2 and FGFR2 in the nuclei. In contrast, TGF-beta treatment significantly decreased FGFR1 labeling in the nuclei. These data show that TGF-beta regulates FGF-2 gene expression in human osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, TGF-beta modulates the cellular localization of FGF-2 and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sobue
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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Asami T, Mizutani M, Fujioka S, Goda H, Min YK, Shimada Y, Nakano T, Takatsuto S, Matsuyama T, Nagata N, Sakata K, Yoshida S. Selective interaction of triazole derivatives with DWF4, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway, correlates with brassinosteroid deficiency in planta. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:25687-91. [PMID: 11319239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103524200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinazole, a synthetic chemical developed in our laboratory, is a triazole-type brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor that induces dwarfism in various plant species. The target sites of brassinazole were investigated by chemical analyses of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in brassinazole-treated Catharanthus roseus cells. The levels of castasterone and brassinolide in brassinazole-treated plant cells were less than 6% of the levels in untreated cells. In contrast, campestanol and 6-oxocampestanol levels were increased, and levels of BR intermediates with hydroxy groups on the side chains were reduced, suggesting that brassinazole treatment reduced BR levels by inhibiting the hydroxylation of the C-22 position. DWF4, which is an Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 isolated as a putative steroid 22-hydroxylase, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the binding affinity of brassinazole and its derivatives to the recombinant DWF4 were analyzed. Among several triazole derivatives, brassinazole had both the highest binding affinity to DWF4 and the highest growth inhibitory activity. The binding affinity and the activity for inhibiting hypocotyl growth were well correlated among the derivatives. In brassinazole-treated A. thaliana, the CPD gene involved in BR biosynthesis was induced within 3 h, most likely because of feedback activation caused by the reduced levels of active BRs. These results indicate that brassinazole inhibits the hydroxylation of the C-22 position of the side chain in BRs by direct binding to DWF4 and that DWF4 catalyzes this hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Asami
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Jeong IK, Oh SH, Kim BJ, Chung JH, Min YK, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. The effects of dexamethasone on insulin release and biosynthesis are dependent on the dose and duration of treatment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 51:163-71. [PMID: 11269888 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex results concerning the effect of glucocorticoids on insulin secretion have been reported. The aim of this study is to clarify the direct effects of glucocorticoids on pancreatic islets and to determine whether the effect of glucocorticoids on insulin biosynthesis or release is dependent on the dose and duration of treatment with glucocorticoid. Studies on insulin secretion and biosynthesis were performed with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 nmol/l) and durations (1 and 6 h) of treatment with dexamethasone (dexa) in rat pancreatic islets. (1) One nmol/l dexa had no inhibitory effect on insulin secretion and biosynthesis. Ten and 100 nmol/l had an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion, which was mainly due to suppression of the first phase of insulin secretion. (2) Insulin content was significantly increased regardless of the concentration in 1-h treated islets. However, insulin content was markedly diminished with 100 nmol/l dexa in 6-h treated islets. (3) The preproinsulin mRNA expression of 6-h treated islets was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Our data revealed that, in the condition of short-term and low-dose glucocorticoid exposure, insulin secretion and biosynthesis are not affected. The secretory process of insulin seems to be the initial step of the inhibitory action of glucocorticoid. Both insulin release and biosynthesis are inhibited by chronic exposure to high dose dexamethasone. It can be concluded that glucocorticoid might be involved in the multisteps of insulin release and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-230, South Korea
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Hahm JR, Lee MS, Min YK, Lee MK, Kim KW, Nam SJ, Yang JH, Chung JH. Routine measurement of serum calcitonin is useful for early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma in patients with nodular thyroid diseases. Thyroid 2001; 11:73-80. [PMID: 11272100 DOI: 10.1089/10507250150500694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is characterized by a high concentration of serum calcitonin. Routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentration has been advocated for detection of MTC among patients with nodular thyroid diseases. However, a minimal to moderate increase of serum calcitonin concentration has been frequently observed in diseases other than MTC. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is not a reliable method for detection of MTC. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentration in patients with nodular thyroid diseases, and studied the validity of pentagastrin stimulation test and FNAC in these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentrations in 1,448 patients (male, 285, female, 1,163) with nodular thyroid diseases. The average age was 46 years (range, 14-86 years). Initial examination included thyroid examination, thyroid scan or ultrasonography, measurements of serum free triiodothyronine) (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH) levels, and antithyroid autoantibodies. FNAC was performed in all patients who had palpable or visible thyroid nodule by ultrasonography, and pentagastrin stimulation test was performed in 39 patients who consented. Serum calcitonin concentration was measured with a two-site immunoradiometric assay using commercial kits. We also measured the serum calcitonin concentration in 407 healthy subjects without thyroid or nonthyroid diseases. RESULTS Serum calcitonin concentration was 10 pg/mL or less in 403 normal subjects (99.0 percentile), and 11-13 pg/mL in the remaining 4 subjects. We found that 56 (3.87%) of 1,448 patients with nodular thyroid diseases had serum calcitonin level above 10 pg/mL. Ten patients (0.69%) with histologically confirmed MTC were detected by the routine measurement of serum calcitonin. The prevalence of MTC was 5.2% in 194 patients with thyroid carcinoma. Five of 10 patients with MTC had basal serum calcitonin level above 100 pg/mL. The remaining 5 patients had minimal or moderate elevation of basal serum calcitonin (range, 12-86 pg/mL). Serum calcitonin concentration increased to more than 100 pg/mL by pentagastrin in all patients with MTC (2.4- to 37.7-fold increase). FNAC suggested MTC in only 2 patients (22.2%), and failed to diagnose MTC in 7 patients. FNAC was not performed in 1 patient with MTC, because he had no visible mass by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION These results suggested that routine measurement of serum calcitonin is useful in the early detection of MTC among patients with nodular thyroid diseases. Pentagastrin stimulation test may also be a reliable way for evaluating thyroid nodular patients with mild or moderate elevation of serum calcitonin concentrations. However, FNAC was not sensitive in detecting MTC. We recommend routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentration in patients with nodular thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea.
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Nagata N, Min YK, Nakano T, Asami T, Yoshida S. Treatment of dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana with a brassinosteroid-biosynthesis inhibitor, brassinazole, induces some characteristics of light-grown plants. Planta 2000; 211:781-90. [PMID: 11144262 DOI: 10.1007/s004250000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When a brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor, brassinazole (Brz), was applied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 microM. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh seedlings grown in the dark exhibited morphological features of light-grown plants, i.e. short hypocotyls, expanded cotyledons, and true leaves, in a dose-dependent manner. Control (non Brz-treated) seedlings grown in the dark for 40 d did not develop leaf primordia. However, treatment with the lowest concentration of Brz induced the development of leaf buds, although it hardly induced any short hypocotyls, and treatment with the highest concentration of Brz induced both short hypocotyls and leaves. Labeling experiments with the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine revealed that amplification of cell nuclei and organellar nucleoids is activated in the shoot apical meristems of dark-grown Brz-treated seedlings. These results suggest that Brz-treatment induces development of true leaves. Furthermore, condensation and scattering of plastid nucleoids, which is known to occur during the differentiation of etioplasts into chloroplasts, was observed in the plastids of dark-grown Brz-treated cotyledons. In addition, high levels of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase proteins accumulated in the plastids of the cotyledons. Electron microscopy showed that the plastids were etioplasts with a prolamellar body and few thylakoid membranes. These results suggest that Brz treatment in the dark induces the initial steps of plastid differentiation, which occur prior to the development of thylakoid membranes. This is a novel presumed function of brassinosteroids. These cytological changes seen in Brz-treated Arabidopsis were exactly the same as those seen in a brassinosteroid-biosynthesis-deficient mutant, det2, supporting the hypothesis that Brz has no side-effects except inhibiting brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and should prove a useful tool in clarifying the role of brassinosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagata
- Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama, Japan. .-go.jp
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Asami T, Min YK, Nakano T, Matsuyama T, Murofushi N, Yamaguchi I, Yoshida S. Synthesis and biological activity of 4'-methoxy derivatives of abscisic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1571-4. [PMID: 10915053 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Replacing the 4'-carbonyl group of abscisic acid with a methoxy group does not affect the abscisic acid (ABA)-like activities of the product in barley aleurone protoplasts, although the reduction of ABA to 4'-hydroxyl derivatives significantly reduces the ABA-like activity of the products. This suggests that methoxy derivatives of abscisic acid might be used to produce probes for ABA binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Asami
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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