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Alnabulsi R, Pak Y, Pasha M. EFFICACY OF CONCURRENT TREATMENT WITH OMALIZUMAB IN A PATIENT WITH ANAPHYLAXIS TO VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Menshikova I, Shilina A, Pak Y, Kolosova I. AB1099 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (CASE SERIES). Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSARS -CoV 2 infection (Covid -19) has a wide range of Clinical and laboratpry symptoms typical for rheumatic diseases, in particular systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectivesAnalysis of the course of Сovid-19 in patients with SLE and the influence of antirheumatic drugs on its outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 12 patients with SLE previously observed in the rheumatology department and had Covid-19 in 2020-2021. Average age of patients (83% women) is 41 years (24-59 years old), duration of SLE - 11 years (3-25 years). 10 patients had low SLE activity, 1 - moderate, 1 - high. In anamnesis 8 patients had hematological disorders, 4 - secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with thrombosis, 3 - cerebrovasculitis, 5 - lung damage, 3 - lupus nephritis. All patients were treated with glucocorticosteroids (GCs) (the average dose 2 1/4 tablets per day), 10 (66,7%) - with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), 4 (33,3%) – with immunosuppressants: 2 - mycophenolate mofetil, 1 - methotrexate, 1 – cyclophosphamide. 3 (25%) patients received rituximab (RTM) 2-3 months before the onset of COVID-19. 9 (75%) patients received outpatient treatment, 5 of them had a mild infection (3 - without lung damage, 2 - with lung damage - CT 1), 4 - had a moderate course, 3 (25%) - were admitted to the hospital,1 - to the intensive care unit.ResultsPatients were divided into 3 groups for SLE therapy. The first group (6 patients) was treated with GCs (average dose of 1 1/2 tab.) and HCQ (200-400 mg). All of them had mild to moderate course of infection without complications. Exacerbation of SLE was noted in 3 (50%) patients: 2 had capillarities, psycho-emotional lability, deterioration of laboratory parameters, 1 (with secondary APS) developed deep vein thrombosis of the legs and an exacerbation of lupus nephritis a month after. The second group (3 patients) received GCs (average dose 2 1/4 tab.) and immunosuppressants. In 2 patients the course of Covid-19 was mild, in 1 - moderate. Exacerbation of SLE was noted in 2 patients: 1 had headaches, high titers of ANA and anti-DNA, 2nd - a severe exacerbation (hematological disorders, lupus nephritis with impaired renal function). The third group (3 patients) received GCS (average dose 5 tab.) and rituximab. 2 patients received RTM for 2 years, the last infusion was carried out for 3 months before the onset of an infection. Their course of Covid-19 was moderate with CT-2 lung damage and mild respiratory failure. There were no exacerbations of SLE after recovery. The 3rd patient initially had a high activity of SLE with nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension, batterfly rash, arthritis, fever, which required high doses of GCs and 2 rituximab infusions of 500 and 1000 mg. A month later, a severe COVID-19 developed with 70% lung damage, severe respiratory failure (SpO2 - 80%), and cytokine storm syndrome. He was treated with GCS, anticoagulants, tocilizumab, immunoglobulin, followed by recovery. Mild and moderate course of COVID-19 was observed in 92% of patients with SLE, in 8% - severe. Exacerbation of SLE after infection occurred in 41% of cases with no lethal outcomes.ConclusionPatients with low activity SLE on small doses of GCs and HCQ tolerate COVID-19 relatively easily. The high activity of SLE and the use of rituximab contribute to the severe course of COVID-19 with damage to the lungs and respiratory failure, so the use of anti-B-cell therapy during a pandemic is undesirable. The effect of immunosuppressants is controversal. Exacerbation of SLE after COVID-19 in 41% of all patients requires monitoring of laboratory parameters and observation by a rheumatologist for at least six months after recovery from infection.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Wierda WG, Allan JN, Siddiqi T, Kipps TJ, Opat S, Tedeschi A, Badoux XC, Kuss BJ, Jackson S, Moreno C, Jacobs R, Pagel JM, Flinn I, Pak Y, Zhou C, Szafer-Glusman E, Ninomoto J, Dean JP, James DF, Ghia P, Tam CS. Ibrutinib Plus Venetoclax for First-Line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Primary Analysis Results From the Minimal Residual Disease Cohort of the Randomized Phase II CAPTIVATE Study. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3853-3865. [PMID: 34618601 PMCID: PMC8713593 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CAPTIVATE (NCT02910583), a randomized phase II study, evaluates minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided treatment discontinuation following completion of first-line ibrutinib plus venetoclax treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS Previously untreated CLL patients age < 70 years received three cycles of ibrutinib and then 12 cycles of combined ibrutinib plus venetoclax. Patients in the MRD cohort who met the stringent random assignment criteria for confirmed undetectable MRD (Confirmed uMRD) were randomly assigned 1:1 to double-blind placebo or ibrutinib; patients without Confirmed uMRD (uMRD Not Confirmed) were randomly assigned 1:1 to open-label ibrutinib or ibrutinib plus venetoclax. Primary end point was 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate with placebo versus ibrutinib in the Confirmed uMRD population. Secondary end points included response rates, uMRD, and safety. RESULTS One hundred sixty-four patients initiated three cycles of ibrutinib lead-in. After 12 cycles of ibrutinib plus venetoclax, best uMRD response rates were 75% (peripheral blood) and 68% (bone marrow). Patients with Confirmed uMRD were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 43) or ibrutinib (n = 43); patients with uMRD Not Confirmed were randomly assigned to ibrutinib (n = 31) or ibrutinib plus venetoclax (n = 32). Median follow-up was 31.3 months. One-year DFS rate was not significantly different between placebo (95%) and ibrutinib (100%; arm difference: 4.7% [95% CI, -1.6 to 10.9]; P = .15) in the Confirmed uMRD population. After ibrutinib lead-in tumor debulking, 36 of 40 patients (90%) with high tumor lysis syndrome risk at baseline shifted to medium or low tumor lysis syndrome risk categories. Adverse events were most frequent during the first 6 months of ibrutinib plus venetoclax and generally decreased over time. CONCLUSION The 1-year DFS rate of 95% in placebo-randomly assigned patients with Confirmed uMRD suggests the potential for fixed-duration treatment with this all-oral, once-daily, chemotherapy-free regimen in first-line CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryone J Kuss
- Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - John M Pagel
- Swedish Cancer Institute Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Seattle, WA
| | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Yvonne Pak
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - Cathy Zhou
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA
| | | | - Joi Ninomoto
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - James P Dean
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Constantine S Tam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Menshikova I, Pak Y, Rybaulina A. AB1276 NON-INTERFERON THERAPY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN A PATIENT WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SECONDARY SJÖGREN SYNDROME - CASE REPORT. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the most significant public health problems in the world. To date, the problem of selection of therapy is very relevant for patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic hepatitis C [1]. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are forced to take different doses of steroids, often in combination with immunosuppressants (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, etc.) even in the case of long-term remission. Such therapy for many years can contribute to the reactivation of hepatitis C.Objectives:To describe a clinical case of the effectiveness of the combined use of interferon-free therapy and therapy of steroids in a patient with SLE, secondary Sjogren syndrome and chronic hepatitis C.Methods:56 years-old woman was admitted to the rheumatology department of Clinical Hospital No. 1 in December 2018 with the debut of SLE: photosensitivity, aphthous stomatitis, arthritis, pleurisy, sicca syndrome, leukopenia, ANA 1: 2560, antibodies to dsDNA 55.95 IU / ml, positive antiSS-A (Ro). At the same time, it became known that she was infected with hepatitis C virus in 1985 presumably. At the time of hospitalization, anti-HCV was positive, the virus genotype was 1b, the activity of the process was low (HCV RNA 6.6x104, AST 33 U/L and ALT 25 U/L). The patient was prescribed corticosteroids (methylprednisolone 16 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day. In January 2019, after gastroenterologist, hematologist and infectious disease specialist advise, it was decided to conduct the patient a specific interferon-free antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C (a 24-week course with asunaprevir and daclatasvir), given the potential long-term glucocorticoid therapy, with the prospect of treating the patient with cytotoxic drugs, and the possibility of reactivation of chronic hepatitis C amid of immunosuppressive therapy for SLE and Sjogren syndrome.Results:Low-disease activity of SLE was achieved in a month, and after 24-week course of antiviral therapy, there was no increase in SLE activity, and positive laboratory and clinical dynamics were noted.Conclusion:Thus, the use of interferon-free therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary Sjogren syndrome shows possible ways to safe treatment of this disease in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases.References:[1]Xiaobo Zhu, Mingqi Wang, Mei Liu, Xinghao Yu & Peng Huang. Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antivirals for treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection. Per Med. October 2019. 16 (5): 421 doi: 10.2217/pme-2018-0121.Acknowledgments:Supported by the “Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100”Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Rajfer J, Nguyen S, Shaheen M, Pak Y. 167 Improvement in SHIM Scores with the iNOS Stimulator, Revactin®. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Noguti J, Chan A, Pak Y, Chlebowski R, Lee D. 321 BMI and sun exposure is associated with increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: A prospective study from the Women's Health Initiative. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chari A, Larson S, Holkova B, Cornell RF, Gasparetto C, Karanes C, Matous JV, Niesvizky R, Valent J, Lunning M, Usmani SZ, Anderson LD, Chang L, Lee Y, Pak Y, Salman Z, Graef T, Bilotti E, Chhabra S. Phase 1 trial of ibrutinib and carfilzomib combination therapy for relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2588-2594. [PMID: 29616843 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1443337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This phase 1, dose-finding study investigated ibrutinib and carfilzomib ± dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (≥2 lines of therapy including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent). Of 43 patients enrolled, 74% were refractory to bortezomib and 23% had high-risk cytogenetics. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The recommended phase 2 dose was ibrutinib 840 mg and carfilzomib 36 mg/m2 with dexamethasone. The most common ≥ grade 3 (>10%) treatment-emergent adverse events were hypertension, anemia, pneumonia, fatigue, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia. Overall response rate was 67% (very good partial response, 21%; stringent complete response, 2%), with an additional 9% minimal response. Median progression-free survival was 7.2 months and was not inferior in refractory nor high-risk patients. Median overall survival was not reached. Ibrutinib plus carfilzomib demonstrated encouraging responses with a manageable safety profile in this advanced population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajai Chari
- a Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , Tisch Cancer Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Sarah Larson
- b University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Beata Holkova
- c Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center , Richmond , VA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Valent
- i Cleveland Clinic , Taussig Cancer Institute , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | | | - Saad Z Usmani
- k Levine Cancer Institute/Carolinas Healthcare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - Larry D Anderson
- l Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Lipo Chang
- m Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company , Sunnyvale , CA , USA
| | - Yihua Lee
- m Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company , Sunnyvale , CA , USA
| | - Yvonne Pak
- m Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company , Sunnyvale , CA , USA
| | - Zeena Salman
- m Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company , Sunnyvale , CA , USA
| | - Thorsten Graef
- m Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company , Sunnyvale , CA , USA
| | | | - Saurabh Chhabra
- n Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
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Coffey G, Rani A, Betz A, Pak Y, Haberstock-Debic H, Pandey A, Hollenbach S, Gretler DD, Mant T, Jurcevic S, Sinha U. PRT062607 Achieves Complete Inhibition of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase at Tolerated Exposures Following Oral Dosing in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:194-210. [PMID: 27406873 PMCID: PMC5248591 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) regulates immune cell activation in response to engagement of a variety of receptors, making it an intriguing target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as certain B‐cell malignancies. We have previously reported on the discovery and preclinical characterization of PRT062607, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of SYK that exhibits robust anti‐inflammatory activity in a variety of animal models. Here we present data from our first human studies aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of PRT062607 in healthy volunteers following single and multiple oral administrations. PRT062607 demonstrated a favorable PK profile and the ability to completely inhibit SYK activity in multiple whole‐blood assays. The PD half‐life in the more sensitive assays was approximately 24 hours and returned to predose levels by 72 hours. Selectivity for SYK was observed at all dose levels tested. Analysis of the PK/PD relationship indicated an IC50 of 324 nM for inhibition of B‐cell antigen receptor‐mediated B‐cell activation and 205 nM for inhibition of FcεRI‐mediated basophil degranulation. PRT062607 was safe and well tolerated across the entire range of doses. Clinical PK/PD was related to in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity of PRT062607 in the rat collagen‐induced arthritis model, which predicts that therapeutic concentrations may be safely achieved in humans for the treatment of autoimmune disease. PRT062607 has a desirable PK profile and is capable of safely, potently, and selectively suppressing SYK kinase function in humans following once‐daily oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas Betz
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Pak
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tim Mant
- Quintiles Drug Research Unit at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Uma Sinha
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pak Y, Menshikova I, Pogromov A, Kolosova I, Michlina N. AB0326 Three-Year Study of TNF-ALFA Inhibitors Use in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Concomitant Chronic Hepatitis B or C. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Coffey G, Betz A, DeGuzman F, Pak Y, Inagaki M, Baker DC, Hollenbach SJ, Pandey A, Sinha U. The novel kinase inhibitor PRT062070 (Cerdulatinib) demonstrates efficacy in models of autoimmunity and B-cell cancer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:538-48. [PMID: 25253883 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity and severity of certain autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies warrant simultaneous targeting of multiple disease-relevant signaling pathways. Dual inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and Janus kinase (JAK) represents such a strategy and may elicit several benefits relative to selective kinase inhibition, such as gaining control over a broader array of disease etiologies, reducing probability of selection for bypass disease mechanisms, and the potential that an overall lower level suppression of individual targets may be sufficient to modulate disease activity. To this end, we provide data on the discovery and preclinical development of PRT062070 [4-(cyclopropylamino)-2-({4-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}amino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide hydrochloride], an orally active kinase inhibitor that demonstrates activity against SYK and JAK. Cellular assays demonstrated specific inhibitory activity against signaling pathways that use SYK and JAK1/3. Limited inhibition of JAK2 was observed, and PRT062070 did not inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated signaling or activation in B and T cells nor T-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling in T cells, providing evidence for selectivity of action. Potent antitumor activity was observed in a subset of B-cell lymphoma cell lines. After oral dosing, PRT062070 suppressed inflammation and autoantibody generation in a rat collagen-induced arthritis model and blocked B-cell activation and splenomegaly in a mouse model of chronic B-cell antigen receptor stimulation. PRT062070 is currently under evaluation in a phase I dose escalation study in patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma (NCT01994382), with proof-of-concept studies in humans planned to assess therapeutic potential in autoimmune and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Betz
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | | | - Yvonne Pak
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Mayuko Inagaki
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Dale C Baker
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | | | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Uma Sinha
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, California
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Coffey G, Rani A, Betz A, Pak Y, Pandey A, Hollenbach S, Gretler DD, Mant T, Jurcevic S, Sinha U. Single ascending dose escalation study of the specific Syk inhibitor P505-15 investigating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in healthy male volunteers. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8574 Background: The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) regulates immune cell activation in response to ligation of a variety of receptors, making it an intriguing target for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, as well as certain B cell malignancies. Here we present data from our first human study aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of P505-15, a selective Syk inhibitor in male volunteers following single oral administration. Methods: This study was a single center, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, ascending, single dose study of oral P505-15 suspension or its matching placebo, administered to healthy male volunteers. Dosing was initiated at 3mg and escalated to 400mg over seven cohorts. Serial blood samples for PK and PD evaluations were analyzed. The PD assays were designed to determine the potency and specificity of Syk inhibition. Potency for Syk inhibition was determined by measuring B cell receptor- (BCR) mediated ERK Y204 phosphorylation and cellular activation (CD69), as well as FcεRI-mediated basophil degranulation. Results: PK data indicate that P505-15 has a long terminal half life (~50-60 hrs), a Tmax of about 2 hrs, and oral exposure more than dose proportional up to the 200mg dose. Complete inhibition of all three Syk-dependent assays was observed in the 200mg and greater dose levels. PD effect in the basotest approximated IC50 at 24 hours post-dose, and returned to pre-dose levels by 72 hours. At all dose levels, no inhibition of PMA or fMLP induced signaling and leukocyte activation was observed, consistent with a high degree of selectivity for Syk. Analysis of the PK/PD relationship indicated an IC50of 208nM (95% confidence interval of 190-225) for inhibition of BCR-mediated B cell activation, and 124nM (95% confidence interval of 117-131) for inhibition of FcεRI-mediated basophil degranulation. Conclusions: P505-15 was safe and well tolerated across the entire range of doses. These data show that P505-15 has a favorable PK profile, and demonstrate its utility to safely and potently suppress Syk kinase function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Andreas Betz
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Yvonne Pak
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Tim Mant
- Quintiles Drug Research Unit at Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Sinha
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Spurgeon SE, Coffey G, Fletcher LB, Burke R, Tyner JW, Druker BJ, Betz A, DeGuzman F, Pak Y, Baker D, Pandey A, Hollenbach SJ, Sinha U, Loriaux MM. The selective SYK inhibitor P505-15 (PRT062607) inhibits B cell signaling and function in vitro and in vivo and augments the activity of fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:378-87. [PMID: 23220742 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) associated kinases including spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) contribute to the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies. SYK is persistently phosphorylated in a subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and SYK inhibition results in abrogation of downstream kinase activity and apoptosis. P505-15 (also known as PRT062607) is a novel, highly selective, and orally bioavailable small molecule SYK inhibitor (SYK IC(50) = 1 nM) with anti-SYK activity that is at least 80-fold greater than its affinity for other kinases. We evaluated the preclinical characteristics of P505-15 in models of NHL and CLL. P505-15 successfully inhibited SYK-mediated B-cell receptor signaling and decreased cell viability in NHL and CLL. Oral dosing in mice prevented BCR-mediated splenomegaly and significantly inhibited NHL tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, combination treatment of primary CLL cells with P505-15 plus fludarabine produced synergistic enhancement of activity at nanomolar concentrations. Our findings support the ongoing development of P505-15 as a therapeutic agent for B-cell malignancies. A dose finding study in healthy volunteers has been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Coffey G, DeGuzman F, Inagaki M, Pak Y, Delaney SM, Ives D, Betz A, Jia ZJ, Pandey A, Baker D, Hollenbach SJ, Phillips DR, Sinha U. Specific inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase suppresses leukocyte immune function and inflammation in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:350-9. [PMID: 22040680 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on genetic studies that establish the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in immune function, inhibitors of this kinase are being investigated as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases. Because genetic studies eliminate both adapter functions and kinase activity of Syk, it is difficult to delineate the effect of kinase inhibition alone as would be the goal with small-molecule kinase inhibitors. We tested the hypothesis that specific pharmacological inhibition of Syk activity retains the immunomodulatory potential of Syk genetic deficiency. We report here on the discovery of (4-(3-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenylamino)-2-((1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexylamino) pyrimidine-5-carboxamide acetate (P505-15), a highly specific and potent inhibitor of purified Syk (IC50 1-2 nM). In human whole blood, P505-15 potently inhibited B cell antigen receptor-mediated B cell signaling and activation (IC50 0.27 and 0.28 μM, respectively) and Fcε receptor 1-mediated basophil degranulation (IC50 0.15 μM). Similar levels of ex vivo inhibition were measured after dosing in mice (Syk signaling IC50 0.32 μM). Syk-independent signaling and activation were unaffected at much higher concentrations, demonstrating the specificity of kinase inhibition in cellular systems. Oral administration of P505-15 produced dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in two rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis. Statistically significant efficacy was observed at concentrations that specifically suppressed Syk activity by ∼67%. Thus specific Syk inhibition can mimic Syk genetic deficiency to modulate immune function, providing a therapeutic strategy in P505-15 for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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André P, DeGuzman F, Haberstock-Debic H, Mills S, Pak Y, Inagaki M, Pandey A, Hollenbach S, Phillips DR, Conley PB. Thienopyridines, but Not Elinogrel, Result in Off-Target Effects at the Vessel Wall That Contribute to Bleeding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:22-30. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.178574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Barker CA, Chang M, Lassman AB, Beal K, Chan TA, Hunter K, Grisdale K, Ritterhouse M, Moustakas A, Iwamoto FM, Kreisl TN, Sul J, Kim L, Butman J, Albert P, Fine HA, Chamberlain MC, Alexandru D, Glantz MJ, Kim L, Chamberlain MC, Bota DA, Takahashi K, Ikeda N, Kajimoto Y, Miyatake S, Kuroiwa T, Iwamoto F, Lamborn K, Kuhn J, Wen P, Yung WKA, Gilbert M, Chang S, Lieberman F, Prados M, Fine H, Lu-Emerson C, Norden AD, Drappatz J, Quant EC, Ciampa AS, Doherty LM, LaFrankie DC, Wen PY, Sherman JH, Moldovan K, Yeoh HK, Starke BM, Pouratian N, Shaffrey ME, Schiff D, O'Connor PC, Kroon HA, Recht L, Montano N, Cenci T, Martini M, D'Alessandris QG, Banna GL, Maira G, De Maria R, Larocca LM, Pallini R, Kim CH, Yang MS, Cheong JH, Kim JM, Shonka N, Gilbert M, Alfred Yung WK, Piao Y, Liu J, Bekele N, Wen P, Chen A, Heymach J, de Groot J, Gilbert MR, Wang M, Aldape K, Sorensen AG, Mikkelsen T, Bokstein F, Woo SY, Chmura SJ, Choucair AK, Mehta M, Perez Segura P, Gil M, Balana C, Chacon I, Munoz J, Martin M, Flowers A, Salner A, Gaziel TB, Soerensen M, Hasselbalch B, Poulsen HS, Lassen U, Peyre M, Cartalat-Carel S, Meyronet D, Sunyach MP, Jouanneau E, Guyotat J, Jouvet A, Frappaz D, Honnorat J, Ducray F, Wagle N, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Cloughesy TF, Kairouz VF, Elias EF, Chahine GY, Comair YG, Dimassi H, Kamar FG, Parchman AJ, Nock CJ, Bartolomeo J, Norden AD, Drappatz J, Ciampa AS, Doherty LM, LaFrankie DC, Ruland S, Quant EC, Beroukhim R, Wen PY, Graber JJ, Lassman AB, Kaley T, Johnson DR, Kimmel DW, Burch PA, Cascino TL, Giannini C, Wu W, Buckner JC, Dirier A, Abacioglu U, Okkan S, Pak Y, Guney YY, Aksu G, Soyuer S, Oksuzoglu B, Meydan D, Zincircioglu B, Yumuk PF, Alco G, Keven E, Ucer AR, Tsung AJ, Prabhu SS, Shonka NA, Alistar AT, van den Bent M, Taal W, Sleijfer S, van Heuvel I, Smitt PAS, Bromberg JE, Vernhout I, Porter AB, Dueck AC, Karlin NJ, Hiramatsu R, Kawabata S, Miyatake SI, Kuroiwa T, Easson MW, Vicente MGH, Sahebjam S, Garoufalis E, Guiot MC, Muanza T, Del Maestro R, Kavan P, Smolin AV, Konev A, Nikolaeva S, Shamanskaya Y, Malysheva A, Strelnikov V, Vranic A, Prestor B, Pizem J, Popovic M, Khatua S, Finlay J, Nelson M, Gonzalez I, Bruggers C, Dhall G, Fu BD, Linskey M, Bota D, Walbert T, Puduvalli V, Ozawa T, Brennan CW, Wang L, Squatrito M, Sasayama T, Nakada M, Huse JT, Pedraza A, Utsuki S, Tandon A, Fomchenko EI, Oka H, Levine RL, Fujii K, Ladanyi M, Holland EC, Raizer J, Avram MJ, Kaklamani V, Cianfrocca M, Gradishar W, Helenowski I, McCarthy K, Mulcahy M, Rademaker A, Grimm S, Landolfi JC, Chen S, Peeraully T, Anthony P, Linendoll NM, Zhu JJ, Yao K, Mignano J, Pfannl R, Pan E, Vera-Bolanos E, Armstrong TS, Bekele BN, Gilbert MR, Alexandru D, Glantz MJ, Kim L, Chamberlain MC, Bota DA, Albrecht V, Juerchott K, Selbig J, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Sawale KB, Wolff J, Vats T, Ketonen L, Khasraw M, Kaley T, Panageas K, Reiner A, Goldlust S, Tabar V, Green RM, Woyshner EA, Cloughesy TF, Abe T, Morishige M, Shiqi K, Momii Y, Sugita K, Fukuyoshi Y, Kamida T, Fujiki M, Kobayashi H, Lavon I, Refael M, Zrihan D, Siegal T, Elias EF, Kairouz VF, Chahine GY, Comair YG, Dimassi H, Kamar FG, Tham CK, See SJ, Toh CK, Kang SH, Park KJ, Kim CY, Yu MO, Park CK, Park SH, Chung YG, Park KJ, Yu MO, Kang SH, Cho TH, Chung YG, Sasaki H, Sano K, Nariai T, Uchino Y, Kitamura Y, Ohira T, Yoshida K, Kirson ED, Wasserman Y, Izhaki A, Mordechovich D, Gurvich Z, Dbaly V, Vymazal J, Tovarys F, Salzberg M, Rochlitz C, Goldsher D, Palti Y, Ram Z, Gutin PH, Furuse M, Miyatake SI, Kawabata S, Kuroiwa T, Torcuator RG, Ibaoc K, Rafael A, Mariano M, Reardon DA, Peters K, Desjardins A, Sampson J, Vredenburgh JJ, Gururangan S, Friedman HS, Le Rhun E, Kotecki N, Zairi F, Baranzelli MC, Faivre-Pierret M, Dubois F, Bonneterre J, Arenson EB, Arenson JD, Arenson PK, Pierick M, Jensen W, Smith DB, Wong ET, Gautam S, Malchow C, Lun M, Pan E, Brem S, Raizer J, Grimm S, Chandler J, Muro K, Rice L, McCarthy K, Mrugala M, Johnston SK, Chamberlain M, Marosi C, Handisurya A, Kautzky-Willer A, Preusser M, Elandt K, Widhalm G, Dieckmann K, Torcuator RG, Opinaldo P, Chua E, Barredo C, Cuanang J, Grimm S, Phuphanich S, Recht LD, Rosenfeld SS, Chamberlain MC, Zhu JJ, Fadul CE, Swabb EA, Pope C, Beelen AP, Raizer JJ, Kim IH, Park CK, Han JH, Lee SH, Kim CY, Kim TM, Kim DW, Kim JE, Paek SH, Kim IA, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Nam DH, Rhee CH, Lee SH, Park BJ, Kim DG, Heo DS, Jung HW, Desjardins A, Peters KB, Vredenburgh JJ, Friedman HS, Reardon DA, Becker K, Baehring J, Hammond SN, Norden AD, Fisher DC, Wong ET, Cote GM, Ciampa AS, Doherty LM, Ruland SF, LaFrankie DC, Wen PY, Drappatz J, Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Poggi R, Agati R, Bartolini S, Spagnolli F, Pozzati E, Marucci G, Ermani M, Taillibert S, Guillevin R, Dehais C, Bellanger A, Delattre JY, Omuro A, Taillibert S, Hoang-Xuan K, Barrie M, Guiu S, Chauffert B, Cartalat-Carel S, Taillandier L, Fabbro M, Laigre M, Guillamo JS, Geffrelot J, Rouge TDLM, Bonnetain F, Chinot O, Gil MJ, de las Penas R, Reynes G, Balana C, Perez-Segura P, Garcia-Velasco A, Gallego O, Herrero A, de Lucas CFC, Benavides M, Perez-Martin X, Mesia C, Martinez-Garcia M, Muggeri AD, Cervio A, Rojas M, Arakaki N, Sevlever GE, Diez BD, Muggeri AD, Cerrato S, Martinetto H, Diez BD, Peereboom DM, Brewer CJ, Suh JH, Chao ST, Parsons MW, Elson PJ, Vogelbaum MA, Sade B, Barnett GH, Shonka NA, Yung WKA, Bekele N, Gilbert MR, Kobyakov G, Absalyamova O, Amanov R, Rauschkolb PK, Drappatz J, Batchelor TT, Meyer LP, Fadul CE, Lallana EC, Nghiemphu PL, Kohanteb P, Lai A, Green RM, Cloughesy TF, Mrugala MM, Lee LK, Graham CA, Fink JR, Spence AM, Portnow J, Badie B, Liu X, Frankel P, Chen M, Synold TW, Al Jishi AA, Golan J, Polley MYC, Lamborn KR, Chang SM, Butowski N, Clarke JL, Prados M, Grommes C, Oxnard GR, Kris MG, Miller VA, Pao W, Lassman AB, Renfrow J, DeTroye A, Chan M, Tatter S, Ellis T, McMullen K, Johnson A, Mott R, Lesser GJ, Cavaliere R, Abrey LE, Mason WP, Lassman AB, Perentesis J, Ivy P, Villalona M, Nayak L, Fleisher M, Gonzalez-Espinoza R, Reiner A, Panageas K, Lin O, Liu CM, Deangelis LM, Omuro A, Taylor LP, Ammirati M, Lamki T, Zarzour H, Grecula J, Dudley RW, Kavan P, Garoufalis E, Guiot MC, Del Maestro RF, Maurice C, Belanger K, Moumdjian R, Dufresne S, Fortin C, Fortin MA, Berthelet F, Renoult E, Belair M, Rouleau D, Gallego O, Benavides M, Segura PP, Balana C, Gil MJG, Berrocal A, Reynes G, Garcia JL, Mazarico J, Bague S. Medical and Neuro-Oncology. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dirier A, Abacioglu MU, Okkan S, Pak Y, Yukselen Guney Y, Aksu G, Soyuer S, Oksuzoglu OB, Meydan AD, Zincircioglu SB. Radiotherapy with or without temozolomide in elderly glioblastoma patients: Treatment results and prognostic factors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Smith R, Pak Y, Kraybill W, Kane J. Factors associated with actual long-term survival following soft tissue sarcoma pulmonary metastasectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009; 35:356-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Nar Demirer A, Ayturk S, Tutuncu NB, Gursoy A, Pak Y, Demirag NG. Unresectable huge sternal and mediastinal metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma; radiotherapy as first-line and palliative therapy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008; 117:155-8. [PMID: 18561094 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastases as initial manifestation of follicular thyroid carcinoma is rare. We report a case of an unusual initial presentation of follicular thyroid carcinoma on follow-up. A 52- year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of progressively enlarging mass in the anterior chest wall. The mass was fixed to the chest wall, measuring 12 x 10 cm in diameter. Computed tomography demonstrated a lobulated soft-tissue mass (17 x 11 x 6 cm) destructing sternum and extending into the anterior mediastinum. There was no lung metastasis. Invasion of tumor to the ascending aorta, superior vena cava, and right atrium could not be excluded. Multiple lymph nodes were observed in the supraclavicular regions. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland showed 46 x 37 mm nodule in the left lobe with milimetric gross calcifications and cystic-necrotic areas. Hyperthyroidism was detected. Biopsy from this nodule and the sternal mass revealed typical histology of follicular carcinoma. She was considered inoperable. Since there was huge tumor burden and iodinated contrast exposure for several times during evaluation, we decided to treat the patient with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) rather than radioiodine as first-line therapy. After a course of conventional radiation with 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 4 weeks, encompassing the thyroid bed and the gross disease, tumor regressed remarkably in 6 months. In conclusion, when surgical resection is not possible, EBRT may be used for palliative purpose to obtain local control for extensive disease as first-line therapy. The indications of EBRT for differentiated thyroid cancer still remain poorly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nar Demirer
- Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey.
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Javle MM, Gibbs JF, Iwata KK, Pak Y, Rutledge P, Yu J, Black JD, Tan D, Khoury T. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk) in surgically resected pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:3527-33. [PMID: 17879119 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EMT or transformation to the mesenchymal phenotype plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In vitro data suggest that mesenchymal transformation may correlate with the activation of PI3 kinase and Ras/Erk pathways. We investigated the expression of EMT markers (low E-cadherin, high fibronectin, and vimentin) and their association with p-Erk in resected pancreatic cancer. METHODS Clinical data/surgical specimens from 34 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients (pts) who underwent pancreatectomy were included. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using monoclonal antibodies against vimentin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and p-Erk. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Survival analysis (log-rank test, Cox proportional hazard model), categorical data analysis (Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact test) and Kendall's tau were performed at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The patient population was formed from 13 males and 21 females, with a median age of 66 years (range 38-84 years); American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 27), 3 (n = 5); histological grade 1 (n = 4), 2 (n = 13), 3 (n = 16), 4 (n = 1). Median survival was 15 months (95% CI: 11-24 months). Fibronectin overexpression correlated with the presence of vimentin (p = 0.0048) and activated Erk (p = 0.0264). There was a borderline association of fibronectin with worsening grade (p = 0.06). A negative association between vimentin and E-cadherin was noted (p = 0.0024). Increased fibronectin or vimentin and decreased E-cadherin correlated with poor survival. CONCLUSION EMT is associated with poor survival in surgically resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A correlation between activated Erk and fibronectin was identified that may open avenues for targeted therapy for this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 426, 1515 Holcombe Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abe K, Siu G, Pak Y, Hollenbach S. UTILIZATION OF TELEMETRIZED DOGS TO ASSESS HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN A DRUG INTERACTION STUDY WITH VERAPAMIL AND PRT054021. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Badari Badari A, Javle M, Pak Y, Khoury T, Ramnath N, Gibbs J, Kuvshinoff B, Iyer R. A single institution experience with neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15164 Background: ABSTRACT Introduction: . The aim of this study was to analyze demographic, therapy, tumor and clinical outcomes of all cases of neuroendocrine cancer at a tertiary cancer and determine the the markers that may better correlate with outcomes than histologic grade. Patients and Methods: With IRB approval , 126 charts with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma were identified between 1–1-1999 and 1–1-2004. Ninety-five cases were selected on the basis of complete availability of baseline, therapy and at least one time point of followup data. Patient demographics, therapy details, TNM stage, tumor marker and survival data were collected. Tumors were graded as well, moderate and poorly differentiated and by site of origin. We attempted to correlate the outcome with NCAM(neural cell adhesion molecule-CD56) status, which is a homophylic binding glycoprotein to have a role in cell adhesion. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were used to describe the data and kaplan meier methods were used to estimate the median survival. Results: There were 28 patients with lung primaries, 25 had primaries in the gut (extra pancreatic),11 had pancreatic primaries, 31 cases had unknown primaries or primaries at sites other than the lungs or the gastrointestinal tract. The estimated median survival for the whole sample was 34 months.(95% C I :20,54) and the 2 year survival rate was 55.3 %.The estimated median survival for CD56 positive group was 11 months(95% C.I :3,38) and that for CD 56 unknown group was 36(95% C .I :20,n/a). A significant difference in survival between CD56 positive group and CD56 unknown was found,based on log-rank test>(P=.02). Baseline characteristics were as follows: M:F 48:47; 19 were well differentiated, 4 were moderately differentiated and 36 of 95 tumors were poorly differentiated, the differentiation was not known in 36 cases. Surgery with curative intent was done in 52 of the patients(54.74%) and 52 received (54.74%)t chemotherapy, 4 patients(4.2%) received chemoembolization and 2 patients(2.1%) received local ablative treatments. Conclusion: These data summarize our instutions experience with this rare malignancy. In our data survival was as expected in the literature and further investigation of the CD 56 status of all patients is underway. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Badari Badari
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - M. Javle
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Y. Pak
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - T. Khoury
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - N. Ramnath
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - J. Gibbs
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - B. Kuvshinoff
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - R. Iyer
- Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Kansas, TX; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Kömürcü S, Turhal S, Altundağ K, Atahan L, Turna HS, Manavoğlu O, Yavuz AA, Ozkök S, Aliustaoğlu M, Altinbaş M, Pak Y, Cooper R, Yaylaci M, Demirkan B, Sarihan S, Ozdemir F. Safety and efficacy of transdermal fentanyl in patients with cancer pain: phase IV, Turkish oncology group trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2007; 16:67-73. [PMID: 17227355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2006.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a prospective evaluation of the efficacy, safety and convenience of the transdermal therapeutic system - fentanyl (TTS-F) in Turkish cancer patients when it was newly available in Turkey. Ninety-nine patients with historically confirmed malignancy and pain entered the study; the mean age was 55.1 (16-58) years. The study duration was 28 days. Transdermal therapeutic system - fentanyl was used in opioid-naïve or pre-treated patients. Most patients reported a decrease in pain severity. Use of rescue medication decreased from day 4 to day 28. The majority of patients rated patch convenience of use as excellent. A total of 22.2% of patients experienced adverse events that were either probably related or very likely to be related to the study drug. The majority of the adverse events mentioned were related to the digestive system. Eighteen serious adverse events were reported by 13 patients. Six events were doubtfully related, and 12 events were not related to the study drug. Four patients died during the trial. None of these deaths was attributed to the study drug. In conclusion, the trial showed that TTS-F is easily managed, effective and will help to enable the appropriate opioid administration to patients who are suffering from cancer pain in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kömürcü
- Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
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O’Connor B, Gomez J, Pak Y, Yang G, Kuettel M, Jaggernauth W. 2543. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
To date, there is no acceptable animal model to investigate fixed drug eruptions (FDEs) in humans. We briefly report here observations suggesting that the Yucatan micropig may be a useful animal model for that purpose. During an investigation of antipyrine absorption and disposition, we observed the development of FDEs after intravenous administration of a 1 g dose. Our observations were consistent with those reported in several investigations of humans taking a single dose of antipyrine. To confirm these results, a naïve micropig was challenged. A male uncastrated Yucatan micropig (27.2 kg) was given a 1 g dose of antipyrine intravenously. After 30 days, this pig was rechallenged with the same intravenous dose of antipyrine (1 g). Blood samples were obtained to examine immunological endpoints. During the initial challenge, a fluid plaque (ca. 1-1.5 cm) appeared on the left hip of the pig ca. 6 h after dosing. After the rechallenge, inflamed pink patches were observed at the same sites where the blisters formed initially; however, no blisters re-formed. Changes of neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil levels from baseline were noted 8 h after challenge. The micropig did not seem otherwise affected by the FDEs. These observations suggest that the Yucatan micropig, or swine in general, may be a useful animal model for detecting drugs that may cause FDEs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Pak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science and the Arizona Center for Phytomedicine Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Akmansu M, Goksel F, Tunc E, Ozturk O, Pak Y. 30 Radiotherapy applications of our department in mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)81501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Unsal D, Uner A, Akyurek N, Erpolat OP, Dursun A, Pak Y. MMP-9 expression as a predictor of tumor response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Unsal
- Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Uner
- Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N. Akyurek
- Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - A. Dursun
- Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y. Pak
- Gazi Univ Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize the distribution pattern of P-gp protein levels along the entire GI tract in the Yucatan micropig, which is being developed as a model for human drug bioavailability. Small and large intestines were freshly obtained and divided into about 37 segments and 10 segments, respectively (ca., 1 foot/segment). Epithelial cells from the small intestine were obtained by an elution method; whereas, a scraping method was applied to the large intestine. Total cellular protein was isolated from the epithelial cells. Western blot analysis using P-gp antibody showed that the amount of P-gp protein increased distally from the duodenum to the ileum over approximately a 10-fold range. P-gp protein in the large intestine was present at a higher level in the central portion, but the absolute amount was much less than what was found in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Arizona Center for Phytomedicine Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Dirican B, Oysul K, Beyzadeoglu M, Surenkok S, Pak Y. Experimental lens-sparing optimization in therapeutic orbital irradiation with electron beams. Neoplasma 2004; 51:390-4. [PMID: 15640945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been a number of approaches in the literature for therapeutic malignant and benign orbital irradiation. All techniques intend to deliver a homogenous dose to the orbital and retroorbital target volume while sparing the lens of excessive dose. In this experimental lens-sparing study, 4 MeV and 12 MeV anterior electron irradiation has been used with cerrobend shielding circular blocks of varying diameter and thickness placed on a thin Mylar at the distal tip of the electron applicator to spare the lens. The first phase of the study in water phantom has been designed to determine the shield thickness and diameter constant for 4 MeV and 12 MeV electron beams. After optimizing the lens dose by water phantom, the second phase of our study has been designed to measure doses at lens and other specific localizations in randophantom under same conditions with 4 MeV and 12 MeV electron beams. By this technique lens accumulated 18.56% of prescribed dose and lateral aspects of the lens received 44.59% of the prescribed dose in 4 MeV electron irradiation, whereas this was 13.86% and 44.80%, respectively in 12 MeV electron irradiation. The technique used is found to be an extremely simple and effective technique allowing an easier setup with excellent dose distribution characteristics with lens sparing applicable to orbital irradiation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dirican
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pak Y, Patek R, Mayersohn M. Sensitive and rapid isocratic liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of curcumin in plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:339-46. [PMID: 14581073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC assay was developed using three methods of plasma sample preparation in order to quantitate curcumin, the main constituent in the herbal dietary supplement turmeric. Each method involves simple and rapid processing of samples (either an ethyl acetate or chloroform extraction) with resulting different quantitation limits for curcumin. The assay was developed in an effort to quantify extremely low curcumin plasma concentrations observed in preliminary in vivo studies. The most sensitive assay can reliably detect concentrations down to 2.5 ng/ml. Plasma quantitation was precise and accurate based on both intra- and inter-day validations as indicated by low values for coefficients of variation and bias, respectively (< or =15%). The analytical validation was reproducible between different analysts. The resulting analytical method couples desired sensitivity with the ease of an isocratic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Pak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science and the Arizona Center for Phytomedicine Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Room 424, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Beyzadeoglu M, Dirican B, Oysul K, Surenkok S, Pak Y. Evaluation of radiation carcinogenesis risk in vertebral hemangioma treated by radiotherapy. Neoplasma 2003; 49:338-41. [PMID: 12458334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to report carcinogenesis risk factor evaluation in vertebral hemangioma patients treated by radiotherapy. Between 1975 and 1995, 29 patients received 20-30 Gy total irradiation dose using conventional fractionation scheme. All the patients had measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD 100 ), placed on multiple randophantom sites in vivo within the irradiated volume, to verify irradiation accuracy and calculate carcinogenesis risk factor. Twenty nine still-alive patients who had a minimum 6-year and maximum 26-year follow-up (median 14.34 years) have been evaluated by carcinogenic radiation risk factor on the basis of tissue weighting factors as defined by International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60. Reasonable pain relief has been obtained in all 29 patients. Calculated mean carcinogenesis risk factor is 0.6% for single irradiation portals and 0.9% for double irradiation portals in the whole group, whilst no secondary cancer has been detected. Radiotherapy is an effective treatment modality in relieving pain of vertebral hemangioma patients. Estimated secondary cancer risk factor for this benign neoplasm irradiation is not as high as can be feared.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beyzadeoglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; GATA Military Medical School, Ankara, 6018 Turkey.
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Ulutin HC, Pak Y, Dede M. Can radiotherapy be a treatment option for elderly women with invasive vulvar carcinoma without radical surgery? EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2003; 23:426-8. [PMID: 12440817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION To evaluate the impact of radiotherapy after limited surgery in vulvar carcinoma. METHODS Between March 1980 and January 2000, 22 patients older than 60 years and suffering from invasive vulvar carcinoma were treated with limited surgery and radiotherapy at Gülhane Military Medicine Academy. These are the subjects of this review. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 67 (range 60 to 78 years). Median follow-up was 35 months (range 12 to 60 months). Local recurrence rate was 18%. Median time to local failure was 12 months (range 8 to 14 months). Two patients with local failure also developed lung metastases. Five-year survival rate was 60% and cause-specific survival rate was 69%. No treatment delay or death related to treatment was observed. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy and conservative surgery can be an alternative to radical surgery with less morbidity in elderly patients.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Biopsy, Needle
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/mortality
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Vulvar Neoplasms/mortality
- Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology
- Vulvar Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Vulvar Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Oysul K, Dirican B, Beyzadeoglu M, Sürenkok S, Arpaci F, Pak Y. Evaluation of dose homogenization and radiation carcinogenesis risk in total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation. Neoplasma 2003; 50:372-6. [PMID: 14628091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to report on the dose homogeneity in total body irradiated patients undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), and carcinogenic risk in surviving patients. Between 1987 and 2001, 105 patients received hyperfractionated (6 fractions in 3 days) 12 Gy Total Body Irradiation (TBI) in our institution with lateral opposed fields. All the patients had measurements with thermoluminiscence dosimetry (TLD100) placed on seven bilateral body sites in vivo, controlled by the randophantom measurements to verify reasonable dose homogeneity achievement. The comorbid effects in the whole TBI conditioning group with at least three months post BMT follow-up were noted and surviving patients who had a minimum 5-year and maximum 14-year follow-up (median 7.8 years) have been evaluated for carcinogenic radiation risk on the basis of tissue weighting factors as defined by ICRP 60. Reasonable dose homogeneity by lateral opposed beam TBI has been obtained in all 105 patients in whom lateral TLD100 measurement means were within +5% of the planned doses. Calculated carcinogenesis risk factor was 11.34% for males and 12.40% for females, and no second-cancer has been detected whilst radiation-induced 5 cataracts and 10 interstitial pneumonia comorbidities were noted. Dose homogenization can be well achieved for hyperfractionated lateral-beam TBI with acceptable comorbidities and estimated second-cancer risk is significant but relatively low compared to the risk from the clinical indications for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oysul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ulutin HC, Ongürü O, Pak Y. Postoperative radiotherapy for ganglioglioma; report of three cases and review of the literature. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2002; 45:224-7. [PMID: 12494357 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-36202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. The definite role of postoperative radiotherapy has not been established. In studying three cases who underwent radiotherapy after subtotal resection, we evaluated the clinical, pathological, radiological features with follow-up of mean 8.1 years. All of three patients were male, and mean age was 22.3 years. All of the cases have temporal lobe lesions and, except for one, they all have seizures. Radiotherapy was given to all patients after surgery. Parallely opposed local fields were used. A total of 54 Gy in 5.5 weeks was given to the mid-plane using a Co-60 tele-therapy device. No recurrence, no new symptoms, and no new neurological deficiency were detected during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kaptan K, Ustün C, Beyan C, Ural AU, Avcu F, Cetin T, Oztürk B, Sengül A, Pekel A, Sertkaya D, Pak Y, Burgess RE, Yalçin A. Increasing the target number of nucleated cells and administration of r-metHuG-CSF expedite neutrophil engraftment in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1310-4. [PMID: 12072348 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kaptan
- Department of Hematology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Ulutin HC, Pak Y. Endovascular radiotherapy for stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Radiat Med 2001; 19:175-9. [PMID: 11550716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The rate of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ranges from 30% to 60%. Despite numerous trials, no effective pharmacological therapy has been found. This late effect can be reduced by endovascular radiotherapy. In animal models of restenosis after balloon injury, there is marked reduction of neointimal proliferation when the injured vessel is irradiated, using a variety of radiation sources and delivery systems. Early human trials did not focus on the importance of source selection and calibration. Other aspects which should be carefully determined are source selection and responsibilities of the treatment team. These matters are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- GATA Radiation Oncology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Protein S4 is essential for bacterial small ribosomal subunit assembly and recognizes the 5' domain (approximately 500 nt) of small subunit rRNA. This study characterizes the thermodynamics of forming the S4-5' domain rRNA complex from a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and points out unexpected differences from the homologous Escherichia coli complex. Upon incubation of the protein and RNA at temperatures between 35 and 50 degrees C under ribosome reconstitution conditions [350 mM KCl, 8 mM MgCl2, and 30 mM Tris (pH 7.5)], a complex with an association constant of > or = 10(9) M(-1) was observed, more than an order of magnitude tighter than previously found for the homologous E. coli complex under similar conditions. This high-affinity complex was shown to be stoichiometric, in equilibrium, and formed at rates on the order of magnitude expected for diffusion-controlled reactions ( approximately 10(7) M(-1) x s(-1)), though at low temperatures the complex became kinetically trapped. Heterologous binding experiments with E. coli S4 and 5' domain RNA suggest that it is the B. stearothermophilus S4, not the rRNA, that is activated by higher temperatures; the E. coli S4 is able to bind 5' domain rRNA equally well at 0 and 37 degrees C. Tight complex formation requires a low Mg ion concentration (1-2 mM) and is very sensitive to KCl concentration [- partial differential[log(K)]/partial differential(log[KCl]) = 9.3]. The protein has an unusually strong nonspecific binding affinity of 3-5 x 10(6) M(-1), detected as a binding of one or two additional proteins to the target 5' domain RNA or two to three proteins binding a noncognate 23S rRNA fragment of the approximately same size. This binding is not as sensitive to monovalent ion concentration [- partial differential[log(K)]/partial differential(log[KCl]) = 6.3] as specific binding and does not require Mg ion. These findings are consistent with S4 stabilizing a compact form of the rRNA 5' domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Gerstner
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Ulutin HC, Güden M, Dede M, Pak Y. Comparison of granulocyte-colony, stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in the treatment of chemotherapy extravasation ulcers. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2001; 21:613-5. [PMID: 11214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The results of perilesional granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor application in a patient with chemotherapy extravasation ulcers are reported. A 64-year-old patient with recurrent ovarian carcinoma was admitted to our department in February 1999. In June 1998, six cycles of chemotherapy were applied to the patient after surgery. At the first cycle, two ulcers appeared on both lower arms related to doxorubicin extravasation despite all interventions. When the patient was admitted to in our department, we observed an ulcer on the distal part of the right lower arm with a dimension of 1.5x2 cm and another on the proximal portion of the left lower arm with a dimension of 2.5x3 cm. Of those ulcers, the bigger and deeper one on the left was treated with weekly 400 mcg granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor subcutaneously for three weeks. The lesion completely disappeared in the fourth week. The other ulcer that was left for control on the right arm was treated with weekly 48 M.U. granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for four weeks. This ulcer did not reduce in size. As a result granulocyte-colony stimulating factor did not affect the healing of chemotherapy extravasation ulcers, as did granulocyte macrophage-stimulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Pak Y, Enyedy IJ, Varady J, Kung JW, Lorenzo PS, Blumberg PM, Wang S. Structural Basis of Binding of High-Affinity Ligands to Protein Kinase C: Prediction of the Binding Modes through a New Molecular Dynamics Method and Evaluation by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1690-701. [PMID: 11356104 DOI: 10.1021/jm000488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural basis of protein kinase C (PKC) binding to several classes of high-affinity ligands has been investigated through complementary computational and experimental methods. Employing a recently developed q-jumping molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method, which allows us to consider the flexibility of both the ligands and the receptor in docking studies, we predicted the binding models of phorbol-13-acetate, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), indolactam V (ILV), ingenol-3-benzoate, and thymeleatoxin to PKC. The "predicted" binding model for phorbol-13-acetate is virtually identical to the experimentally determined binding model for this ligand. The predicted binding model for PDBU is the same as that for phorbol-13-acetate in terms of the hydrogen-bonding network and hydrophobic contacts. The predicted binding model for ILV is the same as that obtained in a previous docking study using a Monte Carlo method and is consistent with the structure-activity relationships for this class of ligands. Together with the X-ray structure of phorbol-13-acetate in complex with PKCdelta C1b, the predicted binding models of PDBu, ILV, ingenol-3-benzoate, and thymeleatoxin in complex with PKC showed that the binding of these ligands to PKC is governed by a combination of several highly specific and optimal hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. However, the hydrogen-bonding network for each class of ligand is somewhat different and the number of hydrogen bonds formed between PKC and these ligands has no correlation with their binding affinities. To provide a direct and quantitative assessment of the contributions of several conserved residues around the binding site to PKC-ligand binding, we have made 11 mutations and measured the binding affinities of the high-affinity PKC ligands to these mutants. The results obtained through site-directed mutagenic analysis support our predicted binding models for these ligands and provide new insights into PKC-ligand binding. Although all the ligands have high affinity for the wild-type PKCdelta C1b, our site-directed mutagenic results showed that ILV is the ligand most sensitive to structural perturbations of the binding site while ingenol-3-benzoate is the least sensitive among the four classes of ligands examined here. Finally, we have employed conventional MD simulations to investigate the structural perturbations caused by each mutation to further examine the role played by each individual residue in PKC-ligand binding. MD simulations revealed that several mutations, including Pro11 --> Gly, Leu21 --> Gly, Leu24 --> Gly, and Gln27 --> Gly, cause a rather large conformational alteration to the PKC binding site and, in some cases, to the overall structure of the protein. The complete abolishment or the significant reduction in PKC-ligand binding observed for these mutants thus reflects the loss of certain direct contacts between the side chain of the mutated residue in PKC and ligands as well as the large conformational alteration to the binding site caused by the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pak
- Lombardi Cancer Center and Departments of Oncology and Neuroscience, The Research Building, Room WP05, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Okkan S, Atahan L, Cakmak A, Haydaroglu A, Ozkok S, Pak Y, Sen M, Zorlu F. Tropisetron in the prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ulutin HC, Pak Y. Prostate specific antigen in the female body: its role in breast cancer prognosis. Radiat Med 2000; 18:273-6. [PMID: 11128396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen, a 33 kDa serine protease, is found at high concentrations in seminal plasma and prostate epithelial cells. It is currently used for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate carcinoma. However, several investigators have demonstrated nonprostatic sources of prostate specific antigen, including amniotic fluid, breast milk, breast cyst fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, and breast tumor cytosol. Studies have revealed that a high prostate-specific antigen level in tumors of women with breast cancer is associated with good prognosis. This finding is analyzed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey
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Kakkar T, Pak Y, Mayersohn M. Evaluation of a minimal experimental design for determination of enzyme kinetic parameters and inhibition mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000; 293:861-9. [PMID: 10869386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of combinatorial chemistry has led to a deluge of new chemical entities whose metabolic pathways need to be determined. A significant issue involves determination of the ability of new agents to inhibit the metabolism of existing drugs as well as its own susceptibility for altered metabolism. There is need to estimate the enzyme inhibition parameters and mechanism or mechanisms of inhibition with minimal experimental effort. We examined a minimal experimental design for obtaining reliable estimates of K(i) (and V(max) and K(m)). Simulations have been applied to a variety of experimental scenarios. The least experimentally demanding case involved three substrate concentrations, [S], for the control and one substrate-inhibitor pair, [S]-[I]. The control and inhibitor data (with 20% coefficient of variance random error) were simultaneously fit to the full nonlinear competitive inhibition equation [simultaneous nonlinear regression (SNLR)]. Excellent estimates of the correct kinetic parameters were obtained. This approach is clearly limited by the a prior assumption of mechanism. Further simulations determined whether SNLR would permit assessment of the inhibition mechanism (competitive or noncompetitive). The minimal design examined three [S] (control) and three [S]-[I] pairs. This design was successful in identifying the correct model for 98 of 100 data sets (20% coefficient of variance random error). SNLR analysis of metabolite formation rate versus [S] permits a dramatic reduction in experimental effort while providing reliable estimates of K(i), K(m), and V(max) along with an estimation of the mechanism of inhibition. The accuracy of the parameter estimates will be affected by the experimental variability of the system under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science and the Center for Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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Deng HB, Yu Y, Pak Y, O'Dowd BF, George SR, Surratt CK, Uhl GR, Wang JB. Role for the C-terminus in agonist-induced mu opioid receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Biochemistry 2000; 39:5492-9. [PMID: 10820022 DOI: 10.1021/bi991938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Determining which domains and amino acid residues of the mu opioid receptor are phosphorylated is critical for understanding the mechanism of mu opioid receptor phosphorylation. The role of the C-terminus of the receptor was investigated by examining the C-terminally truncated or point-mutated mu opioid receptors in receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Both wild-type and mutated receptors were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The receptor expression was confirmed by receptor radioligand binding and immunoblottting. After exposure to 5 microM of DAMGO, phosphorylation of the C-terminally truncated receptor and the mutant receptor T394A was reduced to 40 and 10% of that of the wild-type receptor, respectively. Mutation effects on agonist-induced desensitization were studied using adenylyl cyclase inhibition assays. The C-terminally truncated receptor and mutant receptor T394A both showed complete loss of DAMGO-induced desensitization, while the mutant T/S-7A receptor only lost part of its ability to desensitize. Taken together, these results suggest that the C-terminus of the mu opioid receptor participates in receptor phosphorylation and desensitization with threonine 394, a crucial residue for both features. DAMGO-induced mu opioid receptor phosphorylation and desensitization are associated and appear to involve both the mu opioid receptor C-terminus and other domains of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Ulutin HC, Güden M, Oysul K, Sürenkök S, Pak Y. Split-course radiotherapy with or without concurrent or sequential chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Radiat Med 2000; 18:93-6. [PMID: 10888041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In our department we designed a three-armed study to compare the effects of sequential and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Each treatment arm consisted of 15 patients with histologically confirmed stage III non-small cell lung cancer. In group 1, the main treatment approach was split-course radiotherapy alone. In group 2, 6 mg/m2 of cisplatin was applied daily and concurrently with split-course radiotherapy. In group 3, two cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, which ended three weeks before split-course radiotherapy, was applied. Overall response rates were 40%, 66%, and 53% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Median survival was 10, 11, and 10 months for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Results are discussed in the light of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ulutin
- GATA Radiation Oncology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Arpaci F, Kömürcü S, Oztürk B, Ozet A, Kinalp C, Sengül A, Beyzadeoglu M, Pak Y, Yalçin A. A successful and simplified filgrastim primed single apheresis method without large volume apheresis for peripheral blood stem cell collection. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2000; 30:153-8. [PMID: 10798543 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyd031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a tendency to use only one apheresis collection to reduce the morbidity and the cost of peripheral blood stem cell collection. We studied whether rapid and complete engraftment could be achieved by single apheresis by using only Filgrastim without large volume apheresis in previously treated patients. METHODS Engraftment of single apheresis in 25 patients was compared with those of multiple apheresis in 26 patients; 52% of patients in the single apheresis group and 62% of patients in the multiple apheresis group were heavily pretreated. All patients received 10-15 microg/kg/day of Filgrastim starting on day 14 after 3-4 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Apheresis was performed using Cobe Spectra on day 4, 5 or 6 in the single apheresis group and every other day in the multiple apheresis group after day 3. RESULTS The median collection volume was 250 ml (250-300 ml) in the single apheresis group and 750 ml (200-1500 ml) in the multiple apheresis group. The median CD34(+) cell number was not significantly different in the two groups (11.79 vs. 9.38x10(6)/kg). The median times to achieve leukocytes > or =1x10(9)/l and platelets > or =50x10(9)/l counts were 10 days (8-21 days) and 15 days (9-38 days) in the single apheresis group vs 11 days (8-23 days) and 20 days (10-32 days) in the multiple apheresis group, respectively (p<0.05). Antibiotic use was less in the single apheresis group than the multiple apheresis group (9 vs. 12 days, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Adequate numbers of peripheral stem cells were harvested by G-CSF in a single apheresis without large volume apheresis even in heavily pretreated patients. Rapid and complete engraftment occurred in all patients and it was faster in single than multiple apheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arpaci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pak Y, O'Dowd BF, Wang JB, George SR. Agonist-induced, G protein-dependent and -independent down-regulation of the mu opioid receptor. The receptor is a direct substrate for protein-tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:27610-6. [PMID: 10488100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.39.27610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor (MOR) has been shown to desensitize after 1 h of exposure to the opioid peptide, [D-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO), largely by the loss of receptors from the cell surface and receptor down-regulation. We have previously shown that the Thr(394) in the carboxyl tail is essential for agonist-induced early desensitization, presumably by serving as a primary phosphorylation site for G protein-coupled receptor kinase. Using a T394A mutant receptor, we determined that Thr(394) was also responsible for mu opioid receptor down-regulation. The T394A mutant receptor displayed 50% reduction of receptor down-regulation (14.8%) compared with wild type receptor (34%) upon 1 h of exposure to DAMGO. Agonist-induced T394A receptor down-regulation was unaffected by pertussis toxin treatment, indicating involvement of a mechanism independent of G protein function. Interestingly, pertussis toxin-insensitive T394A receptor down-regulation was completely inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Tyrosine kinase inhibition blocked wild type MOR down-regulation by 50%, and the genistein-resistant wild type MOR down-regulation was completely pertussis toxin-sensitive. Following DAMGO stimulation, MOR was shown to be phosphorylated at tyrosine residue(s), indicating that the receptor was a direct substrate for tyrosine kinase action. Mutagenesis of the four intracellular tyrosine residues resulted in complete inhibition of the G protein-insensitive MOR internalization. Therefore, agonist-induced MOR down-regulation appears to be mediated by two distinct cellular signal transduction pathways. One is G protein-dependent and GRK-dependent, which can be abolished by pertussis toxin treatment of wild type MOR or by mutagenesis of Thr(394). The other novel pathway is G protein-independent but tyrosine kinase-dependent, blocked by genistein treatment, and one in which Thr(394) has no regulatory role but phosphorylation of tyrosine residues appears essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Ulutin C, Güden M, Sürenkök S, Pak Y. Fifteen cases of male breast carcinoma treated between 1980 and 1995. Radiat Med 1998; 16:383-6. [PMID: 9862164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Male breast carcinoma is a rare malignity. In Turkey, as in other countries, there are insufficient studies on male breast cancer. In the Radiation Oncology Department, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, we treated 15 cases of male breast cancer versus 1393 female breast cancer. Two of the cases had stage I, nine had stage II, and the remaining four had stage III disease. Median age was 52. All patients had definitive external beam radiation therapy with daily 200 cGy fractionation, following surgery. Median follow-up was 227 months. Five year survival rate was found to be 60% for all stages. Our evaluations of the pathologic findings, management, and treatment outcome were compared with literature.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/radiotherapy
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Cobalt Radioisotopes
- Humans
- Lymph Node Excision
- Male
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Radioisotope Teletherapy
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ulutin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Pak Y, Hong Y, Kim S, Piccariello T, Farese RV, Larner J. In vivo chiro-inositol metabolism in the rat: a defect in chiro-inositol synthesis from myo-inositol and an increased incorporation of chiro-[3H]inositol into phospholipid in the Goto-Kakizaki (G.K) rat. Mol Cells 1998; 8:301-9. [PMID: 9666467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report our comparative studies of myo- and chiro-[3H]inositol distribution in control nondiabetic Wistar and spontaneous nonobese insulin-resistant Type II diabetic G.K. rat tissues following 78-h labeling period. From various tissue extracts, free inositols, inositol phosphates, and inositol phospholipids were isolated and analyzed. Our findings demonstrate (1) a significant difference in the metabolism of myo- and chiro-inositol in normal Wistar and G.K. rats, (2) a severe defect in conversion of myo-[3H]inositol to chiro-[3H]inositol at the inositol phospholipid level of insulin-sensitive tissues of the G.K. rat, (3) an increased incorporation of myo-[3H]inositol into purified inositol phospholipids of the G.K. rat consistent with a decreased conversion to chiro-[3H]inositol, (4) the presumed presence of a pathway which incorporates chiro-[3H]inositol into inositol phospholipids, and which is overactive in the G.K. rat compared to the Wistar rat, and (5) no or minimal conversion of chiro-[3H]inositol to myo-[3H]inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pak
- Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea.
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Pak Y, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Agonist-induced desensitization of the mu opioid receptor is determined by threonine 394 preceded by acidic amino acids in the COOH-terminal tail. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24961-5. [PMID: 9312100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.40.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify the structural determinants necessary for mu opioid receptor desensitization, we serially ablated potential phosphorylation sites in the carboxyl tail of the receptor and examined their effects on [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced desensitization. First, we replaced Thr394 with alanine (T394A) and stably expressed this mutant receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The T394A receptor did not desensitize after 1 h of treatment with DAMGO, indicating that Thr394 is required for agonist-induced early desensitization. To test whether Thr394 was the only residue necessary, we investigated the importance of 7 potential phosphorylation sites between residues 363 and 383, which were all replaced by alanines with the Thr394 maintained. This mutant (AT) showed partial loss of desensitization (30%), which was attributable to the Ala mutation at Thr383, since complete desensitization was achieved by restoring Thr383 (ATT). These results suggest that Thr394 is the primary recognition site for G protein-coupled receptor kinases, but Thr383 is also required for complete agonist-induced desensitization. The specificity of Thr394 as the primary initiation site appears to be dependent on the preceding acidic amino acid stretch, because in a mutant in which glutamic acid residues at 388, 391, and 393 were replaced by glutamines (EQ), agonist-induced desensitization was completely abolished, identical to the T394A mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Beyzadeoglu M, Balkan M, Ozgök Y, Demiriz M, Pak Y. Prostate rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult: a case study. Radiat Med 1997; 15:199-201. [PMID: 9278381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare malignancy in young adults. This case study presents an 18-year-old adult with prostate rhabdomyosarcoma treated with a combined regimen of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beyzadeoglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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Beyzadeoğlu M, Balkan M, Demiriz M, Tibet H, Dirican B, Oner K, Pak Y. Protective effect of vitamin A on acute radiation injury in the small intestine. Radiat Med 1997; 15:1-5. [PMID: 9134577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of vitamin A on the development of early radiation-induced reactions in the rat small intestine. The early effects of intraoperative gamma-radiation on the small bowel utilizing the terminal ileum of Sprague-Dawley rats and the protective effect of supplemental vitamin A on acute radiation injury were investigated. Three groups were included in the study: group I (10 rats) was the surgical control group; group II (13 rats) underwent only intraoperative irradiation; and group III (10 rats) was the vitamin A plus irradiation group. Exteriorized terminal ileal segments of groups II and III were exposed to a single fraction of 20 Gy of intraoperative gamma-irradiation. On the seventh postoperative day, terminal ileal segments of all rats were resected and histopathologically evaluated for ulceration, enteritis cystica profunda, atypical epithelial regeneration, fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, and inflammatory process. Although none of the above findings were present in the surgical control group, group III rats experienced less severe effects than group II rats. The results suggest the early side effects of radiation may be prevented by vitamin A supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beyzadeoğlu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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