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Xu Y, Zhao Y, Kochubei A, Lee CY, Wagner P, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Yan W, Wallace GG, Wang C. Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces Confined CO 2 Electroreduction for Selective Hydrocarbon Production. ChemSusChem 2024:e202400209. [PMID: 38688856 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) provides an attractive organic platform for CO2 electrochemical reduction due to the ability to adsorb CO2 molecules and in providing means to interact with metal nanostructures. In this work, a novel PANI supported copper catalyst has been developed by coupling the interfacial polymerization of PANI and Cu. The hybrid catalyst demonstrates excellent activity towards production of hydrocarbon products including CH4 and C2H4, compared with the use of bare Cu. A Faradaic efficiency of 71.8 % and a current density of 16.9 mA/cm2 were achieved at -0.86 V vs. RHE, in contrast to only 22.2 % and 1.0 mA/cm2 from the counterpart Cu catalysts. The remarkably enhanced catalytic performance of the hybrid PANI/Cu catalyst can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between the PANI underlayer and copper. The PANI favours the adsorption and binding of CO2 molecules via its nitrogen sites to form *CO intermediates, while the Cu/PANI interfaces confine the diffusion or desorption of the *CO intermediates favouring their further hydrogenation or carbon-carbon coupling to form hydrocarbon products. This work provides insights into the formation of hydrocarbon products on PANI-modified Cu catalysts, which may guide the development of conducting polymer-metal catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Zhao
- CSIRO Energy, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, 2304, Mayfield West, NSW, Australia
| | - Alena Kochubei
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chong-Yong Lee
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Zhu QZ, Elvert M, Meador TB, Schröder JM, Doeana KD, Becker KW, Elling FJ, Lipp JS, Heuer VB, Zabel M, Hinrichs KU. Comprehensive molecular-isotopic characterization of archaeal lipids in the Black Sea water column and underlying sediments. Geobiology 2024; 22:e12589. [PMID: 38465505 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The Black Sea is a permanently anoxic, marine basin serving as model system for the deposition of organic-rich sediments in a highly stratified ocean. In such systems, archaeal lipids are widely used as paleoceanographic and biogeochemical proxies; however, the diverse planktonic and benthic sources as well as their potentially distinct diagenetic fate may complicate their application. To track the flux of archaeal lipids and to constrain their sources and turnover, we quantitatively examined the distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13 C) of intact polar lipids (IPLs) and core lipids (CLs) from the upper oxic water column into the underlying sediments, reaching deposits from the last glacial. The distribution of IPLs responded more sensitively to the geochemical zonation than the CLs, with the latter being governed by the deposition from the chemocline. The isotopic composition of archaeal lipids indicates CLs and IPLs in the deep anoxic water column have negligible influence on the sedimentary pool. Archaeol substitutes tetraether lipids as the most abundant IPL in the deep anoxic water column and the lacustrine methanic zone. Its elevated IPL/CL ratios and negative δ13 C values indicate active methane metabolism. Sedimentary CL- and IPL-crenarchaeol were exclusively derived from the water column, as indicated by non-variable δ13 C values that are identical to those in the chemocline and by the low BIT (branched isoprenoid tetraether index). By contrast, in situ production accounts on average for 22% of the sedimentary IPL-GDGT-0 (glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether) based on isotopic mass balance using the fermentation product lactate as an endmember for the dissolved substrate pool. Despite the structural similarity, glycosidic crenarchaeol appears to be more recalcitrant in comparison to its non-cycloalkylated counterpart GDGT-0, as indicated by its consistently higher IPL/CL ratio in sediments. The higher TEX86 , CCaT, and GDGT-2/-3 values in glacial sediments could plausibly result from selective turnover of archaeal lipids and/or an archaeal ecology shift during the transition from the glacial lacustrine to the Holocene marine setting. Our in-depth molecular-isotopic examination of archaeal core and intact polar lipids provided new constraints on the sources and fate of archaeal lipids and their applicability in paleoceanographic and biogeochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zeng Zhu
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcus Elvert
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Travis B Meador
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Biology Centre CAS, Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jan M Schröder
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katiana D Doeana
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kevin W Becker
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Felix J Elling
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julius S Lipp
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Verena B Heuer
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zabel
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Wen Z, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Determination of inorganic ions and carbohydrates in cardioplegia and nephroplegia solutions by ion chromatography. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:234-243. [PMID: 37847878 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methods for analyzing inorganic ions and carbohydrates in cardioplegia and nephroplegia solutions were developed and validated using ion chromatography with both conductivity and pulsed amperometric detection. The inorganic ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium were separated by a cation-exchange column with 27 mM methanesulfonic acid as mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min. The anion (chloride) and carbohydrates (mannitol and glucose) were analyzed by an anion-exchange column using a mobile phase of 20 mM sodium hydroxide at 1.0 mL/min. The methods showed a high sensitivity for all analytes, with quantification limits from 0.0002 to 0.06 mg/L. Good linearities between the peak areas and concentrations were found for all analytes within the selected concentration range (R2 > 0.999). Relative standard deviation values for repeatability and interday precision were 0.1%-1.0% and 0.7%-1.6%, respectively. The accuracy was validated by determining the percentage recovery, which was between 98.0% and 101.3% for all analytes, indicating good accuracy of the methods. The robustness was verified by using an experimental design. Finally, real samples were analyzed to determine the content of the analytes. All assay values were between 96.8% and 102.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jia J, Zoeschg M, Barth H, Pulliainen AT, Ernst K. The Chaperonin TRiC/CCT Inhibitor HSF1A Protects Cells from Intoxication with Pertussis Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:36. [PMID: 38251252 PMCID: PMC10819386 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a bacterial AB5-toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis and a major molecular determinant of pertussis, also known as whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of the chaperonin TRiC/CCT inhibitor, HSF1A, against PT-induced cell intoxication. TRiC/CCT is a chaperonin complex that facilitates the correct folding of proteins, preventing misfolding and aggregation, and maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. Previous research has demonstrated the significance of TRiC/CCT in the functionality of the Clostridioides difficile TcdB AB-toxin. Our findings reveal that HSF1A effectively reduces the levels of ADP-ribosylated Gαi, the specific substrate of PT, in PT-treated cells, without interfering with enzyme activity in vitro or the cellular binding of PT. Additionally, our study uncovers a novel interaction between PTS1 and the chaperonin complex subunit CCT5, which correlates with reduced PTS1 signaling in cells upon HSF1A treatment. Importantly, HSF1A mitigates the adverse effects of PT on cAMP signaling in cellular systems. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of PT uptake and suggest a promising starting point for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract pertussis toxin-mediated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Jia
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Zoeschg
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Ernst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Jafari F, Wang B, Wang H, Zou J. Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond. J Integr Plant Biol 2023. [PMID: 38131117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food, animal feed, and raw materials in industrial production. High-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize yield. However, high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height, resulting in lodging and yield loss. Reduced plant height and ear height, more erect leaf angle, reduced tassel branch number, earlier flowering, and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density planting. In this review, we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density planting. We also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, 572025, China
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Abstract
Background The relative anatomical understanding of the perirectal fasciae is of paramount importance for the proper performance of total mesorectal excision (TME). This study was to demonstrate the planes of TME and validates the intraoperative findings using cadaveric observations. Methods In this combined retrospective and prospective study, bilateral attachment of the rectosacral fascia (RSF) was observed in 28 cadaveric specimens (male, n = 14; female, n = 14). From January 2018 to December 2019, surgical videos of 67 patients who underwent laparoscopic TME at the Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China) were reviewed and interpreted with the cadaveric findings. Results The RSF (synonym: Waldeyer's fascia) is the end of the pre-hypogastric fascia at the level of S4 and comprises two layers (upper and lower). These two layers provide double fascial protection for the venous sacral plexus. It inserts into the fascia propria of the rectum along a broad horizontal arc that merges anterolaterally in an oblique downward direction until it meets the posterolateral merge of Denonvilliers' fascia at the lateral rectal ligament (LRL). This ligament does not look like a true ligament but is more likely to be a fascial combination that cushions the rectal innervation and middle rectal vessels. Conclusions Understanding the lateral attachment of RSF and its contribution to LRL provides invaluable surgical guidance to dissect this critical area. Therefore, lateral dissection is proposed from the anterior to the posterior direction to find the correct plane that guarantees an intact mesorectal envelope to protect the important nearby nerve structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Ghareeb
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P. R. China. Tel: +86-13675089677; Fax: +86-591-87113828;
| | - Zhifang Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Debroye E, Zheng W, Fu S, Virgilio LD, Kumar P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Highly mobile hot holes in Cs 2AgBiBr 6 double perovskite. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj9066. [PMID: 34936431 PMCID: PMC8694595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly mobile hot charge carriers are a prerequisite for efficient hot carrier optoelectronics requiring long-range hot carrier transport. However, hot carriers are typically much less mobile than cold ones because of carrier-phonon scattering. Here, we report enhanced hot carrier mobility in Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite. Following photoexcitation, hot carriers generated with excess energy exhibit boosted mobility, reaching an up to fourfold enhancement compared to cold carriers and a long-range hot carrier transport length beyond 200 nm. By optical pump–infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy and frequency-resolved photoconductivity measurements, we provide evidence that the conductivity enhancement originates primarily from hot holes with reduced momentum scattering. We rationalize our observation by considering (quasi-)ballistic transport of thermalized hot holes with energies above an energetic threshold in Cs2AgBiBr6. Our findings render Cs2AgBiBr6 as a fascinating platform for studying the fundamentals of hot carrier transport and its exploitation toward hot carrier–based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia D. Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Liu H, Sandal N, Andersen KR, James EK, Stougaard J, Kelly S, Kawaharada Y. A genetic screen for plant mutants with altered nodulation phenotypes in response to rhizobial glycan mutants. New Phytol 2018; 220:526-538. [PMID: 29959893 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nodule primordia induced by rhizobial glycan mutants often remain uninfected. To identify processes involved in infection and organogenesis we used forward genetics to identify plant genes involved in perception and responses to bacterial glycans. To dissect the mechanisms underlying the negative plant responses to the Mesorhizobium loti R7AexoU and ML001cep mutants, a screen for genetic suppressors of the nodulation phenotypes was performed on a chemically mutagenized Lotus population. Two mutant lines formed infected nitrogen-fixing pink nodules, while five mutant lines developed uninfected large white nodules, presumably altered in processes controlling organogenesis. Genetic mapping identified a mutation in the cytokinin receptor Lhk1 resulting in an alanine to valine substitution adjacent to a coiled-coil motif in the juxta-membrane region of LHK1. This results in a spontaneous nodulation phenotype and increased ethylene production. The allele was renamed snf5, and segregation studies of snf5 together with complementation studies suggest that snf5 is a gain-of-function allele. This forward genetic approach to investigate the role of glycans in the pathway synchronizing infection and organogenesis shows that a combination of plant and bacterial genetics opens new possibilities to study glycan responses in plants as well as identification of mutant alleles affecting nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8-Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Chen L, Dou J, Ma Q, Li N, Wu R, Bian H, Yelle DJ, Vuorinen T, Fu S, Pan X, Zhu J(J. Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1701735. [PMID: 28929139 PMCID: PMC5600535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of the hydrotropic properties of a recyclable aromatic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for potentially low-cost and efficient fractionation of wood through rapid and near-complete dissolution of lignin. Approximately 90% of poplar wood (NE222) lignin can be dissolved at 80°C in 20 min. Equivalent delignification using known hydrotropes, such as aromatic salts, can be achieved only at 150°C or higher for more than 10 hours or at 150°C for 2 hours with alkaline pulping. p-TsOH fractionated wood into two fractions: (i) a primarily cellulose-rich water-insoluble solid fraction that can be used for the production of high-value building blocks, such as dissolving pulp fibers, lignocellulosic nanomaterials, and/or sugars through subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and (ii) a spent acid liquor stream containing mainly dissolved lignin that can be easily precipitated as lignin nanoparticles by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the minimal hydrotrope concentration. Our nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the dissolved lignin revealed that p-TsOH can depolymerize lignin via ether bond cleavage and can separate carbohydrate-free lignin from the wood. p-TsOH has a relatively low water solubility, which can facilitate efficient recovery using commercially proven crystallization technology by cooling the concentrated spent acid solution to ambient temperatures to achieve environmental sustainability through recycling of p-TsOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Qianli Ma
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ruchun Wu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel J. Yelle
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junyong (J.Y.) Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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