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1	Sex-specific genetic architecture of late-life memory performance. Alzheimers Dement 2024;20:1250-1267. [PMID: 37984853 PMCID: PMC10917043 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Abstract BACKGROUND Women demonstrate a memory advantage when cognitively healthy yet lose this advantage to men in Alzheimer's disease. However, the genetic underpinnings of this sex difference in memory performance remain unclear. METHODS We conducted the largest sex-aware genetic study on late-life memory to date (Nmales = 11,942; Nfemales = 15,641). Leveraging harmonized memory composite scores from four cohorts of cognitive aging and AD, we performed sex-stratified and sex-interaction genome-wide association studies in 24,216 non-Hispanic White and 3367 non-Hispanic Black participants. RESULTS We identified three sex-specific loci (rs67099044-CBLN2, rs719070-SCHIP1/IQCJ-SCHIP), including an X-chromosome locus (rs5935633-EGL6/TCEANC/OFD1), that associated with memory. Additionally, we identified heparan sulfate signaling as a sex-specific pathway and found sex-specific genetic correlations between memory and cardiovascular, immune, and education traits. DISCUSSION This study showed memory is highly and comparably heritable across sexes, as well as highlighted novel sex-specific genes, pathways, and genetic correlations that related to late-life memory. HIGHLIGHTS Demonstrated the heritable component of late-life memory is similar across sexes. Identified two genetic loci with a sex-interaction with baseline memory. Identified an X-chromosome locus associated with memory decline in females. Highlighted sex-specific candidate genes and pathways associated with memory. Revealed sex-specific shared genetic architecture between memory and complex traits. Collapse Key Words Alzheimer's disease GWAS Genomics aging cognition endophenotypes memory sex differences sex-specific Collapse MESH Headings Humans Male Female Genome-Wide Association Study Alzheimer Disease/genetics Cognition Sex Characteristics Cognitive Aging Collapse Grants F31 AG077791 NIH HHS P30 AG072972 NIH HHS P30 AG066509 NIH HHS P30 AG072959 NIH HHS P30 AG072975 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046161 NIH HHS P30 AG066515 NIH HHS P30 AG066444 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072975 NIH HHS P30 AG066511 NIH HHS R21 AG059941 NIH HHS P30 AG066462 NIH HHS UL1 TR000445 NCATS NIH HHS U01 AG046152 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032984 NIH HHS P30 AG066530 NIH HHS HHSN311201600276P NIH HHS P30 AG010161 NIH HHS R01 AG059716 NIH HHS U24 AG021886 NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068077 NIH HHS R01 AG017917 NIH HHS P01 AG003991 NIH HHS K12 HD043483 NIH HHS U01 AG061356 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715 NIH HHS U01 AG032984 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073439 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG030146 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG079280 NIH HHS U01 AG024904 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG006781 NIH HHS R01 AG073439 NIH HHS R01 AG061518 NIH HHS K24 AG046373 NIH HHS U01 AG058922 NIH HHS R01 AG064877 NIH HHS P30 AG072976 NIH HHS R01 AG061518 NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519 NIH HHS R01 AG036836 NIH HHS U01 AG068057 NIH HHS P30 AG066518 NIH HHS RF1 AG054080 NIH HHS U24 AG072122 NIH HHS P01 AG026276 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072973 NIH HHS RC2 AG036547 NIH HHS R01 AG048015 NIH HHS R01 AG015819 NIH HHS U01 AG052410 NIH HHS P30 AG062422 NIH HHS U24 AG074855 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072958 NIH HHS P30 AG072947 NIH HHS P30 AG072979 NIH HHS P30 AG066506 NIH HHS R01 AG022018 NIH HHS P30 AG062677 NIH HHS U24 AG041689 NIH HHS R21 AG059941 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036042 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161 NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068053 NIH HHS R01 AG062634 NIH HHS R01 AG044546 NIH HHS U01 AG061356 NIH HHS U01 AG058654 NIH HHS P20 AG068082 NIH HHS P30 AG066546 NIH HHS U01 AG046152 NIH HHS K01 AG049164 NIH HHS RF1 AG053303 NIH HHS R01 AG059716 NIA NIH HHS U19 AG066567 NIH HHS P30 AG072977 NIH HHS P30 AG066507 NIH HHS P30 AG066468 NIH HHS P50 AG005133 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904 NIH HHS P30 AG066509 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036547 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421 NIH HHS P30 AG066514 NIH HHS P30 AG066508 NIH HHS P30 AG072946 NIH HHS P30 AG072931 NIH HHS RF1 AG058501 NIH HHS P01 AG026276 NIH HHS UL1 TR000445 NIH HHS R01 AG048927 NIH HHS RF1 AG057473 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072978 NIH HHS R01 AG022018 NIA NIH HHS K23 AG045966 NIH HHS U01 AG016976 NIH HHS U24 AG074855 NIH HHS P30 AG066512 NIH HHS P30 AG062429 NIH HHS P20 AG068024 NIH HHS U01 AG046161 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444 NIH HHS P30 AG066468 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072976 NIA NIH HHS K01 AG049164 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG048015 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064614 NIH HHS P30 AG072947 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036528 NIH HHS R01 AG036042 NIH HHS R01 AG034962 NIH HHS U24 AG021886 NIH HHS R01 AG056534 NIH HHS RF1 AG057473 NIH HHS U24 AG056270 NIH HHS R01 AG036836 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072979 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015819 NIA NIH HHS U54 AG052427 NIH HHS U19 AG068753 NIH HHS R01 AG42210 NIH HHS R01 AG030146 NIH HHS R01 NS100980 NIH HHS NIH DOD Collapse
2	Longitudinal change in memory performance as a strong endophenotype for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024;20:1268-1283. [PMID: 37985223 PMCID: PMC10896586 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Abstract INTRODUCTION Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted on AD, few have been conducted on continuous measures of memory performance and memory decline. METHODS We conducted a cross-ancestry GWAS on memory performance (in 27,633 participants) and memory decline (in 22,365 participants; 129,201 observations) by leveraging harmonized cognitive data from four aging cohorts. RESULTS We found high heritability for two ancestry backgrounds. Further, we found a novel ancestry locus for memory decline on chromosome 4 (rs6848524) and three loci in the non-Hispanic Black ancestry group for memory performance on chromosomes 2 (rs111471504), 7 (rs4142249), and 15 (rs74381744). In our gene-level analysis, we found novel genes for memory decline on chromosomes 1 (SLC25A44), 11 (BSX), and 15 (DPP8). Memory performance and memory decline shared genetic architecture with AD-related traits, neuropsychiatric traits, and autoimmune traits. DISCUSSION We discovered several novel loci, genes, and genetic correlations associated with late-life memory performance and decline. HIGHLIGHTS Late-life memory has high heritability that is similar across ancestries. We discovered four novel variants associated with late-life memory. We identified four novel genes associated with late-life memory. Late-life memory shares genetic architecture with psychiatric/autoimmune traits. Collapse Key Words Alzheimer's disease GWAS genetics memory Collapse MESH Headings Humans Alzheimer Disease/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study Endophenotypes Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics Cognition Memory Disorders/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Collapse Grants F31 AG077791 NIH HHS P30 AG072972 NIH HHS P30 AG072959 NIH HHS P20 AG068082 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072975 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046161 NIH HHS P30 AG066515 NIH HHS P30 AG066444 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072975 NIH HHS P30 AG066511 NIH HHS R21 AG059941 NIH HHS R01 AG064877 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462 NIH HHS UL1 TR000445 NCATS NIH HHS U01 AG046152 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032984 NIH HHS P30 AG066530 NIH HHS P30 AG066507 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072946 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG058654 NIA NIH HHS HHSN311201600276P NIH HHS RC2 AG036528 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062634 NIA NIH HHS U54 AG052427 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066518 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161 NIH HHS R01 AG042210 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056534 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG058922 NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068053 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059716 NIH HHS R01 AG044546 NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886 NIA NIH HHS L30 AG060964 NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068077 NIH HHS P30 AG066511 NIA NIH HHS U24 AG072122 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917 NIH HHS P30 AG066512 NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991 NIH HHS K12 HD043483 NIH HHS U01 AG061356 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036650 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG019085 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066515 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG053303 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715 NIH HHS U01 AG032984 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073439 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG030146 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG079280 NIH HHS U01 AG024904 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG006781 NIH HHS R01 AG073439 NIH HHS U01 AG068057 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG061518 NIH HHS K24 AG046373 NIH HHS U01 AG058922 NIH HHS R01 AG064877 NIH HHS P30 AG072976 NIH HHS U01 AG016976 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066508 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG061518 NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519 NIH HHS R01 AG036836 NIH HHS U01 AG068057 NIH HHS P30 AG072978 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054080 NIH HHS U24 AG072122 NIH HHS P01 AG026276 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG058501 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072973 NIH HHS P30 AG066518 NIH HHS U24 AG056270 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036547 NIH HHS R01 AG048015 NIH HHS R01 AG015819 NIH HHS K01 AG073584 NIH HHS U01 AG052410 NIH HHS P30 AG062422 NIH HHS R01 AG062826 NIA NIH HHS U24 AG074855 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072973 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072958 NIH HHS P30 AG072947 NIH HHS P30 AG072979 NIH HHS P30 AG062422 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054080 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG079280 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066506 NIH HHS R01 AG022018 NIH HHS P30 AG062677 NIH HHS U24 AG041689 NIH HHS U24 AG041689 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462 NIA NIH HHS R21 AG059941 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036042 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161 NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068053 NIH HHS P30 AG066530 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062634 NIH HHS R01 AG044546 NIH HHS U01 AG061356 NIH HHS U01 AG058654 NIH HHS P20 AG068082 NIH HHS P30 AG066546 NIH HHS U01 AG046152 NIH HHS K01 AG049164 NIH HHS RF1 AG053303 NIH HHS R01 AG059716 NIA NIH HHS U19 AG066567 NIH HHS P30 AG072977 NIH HHS P30 AG066468 NIH HHS U01 AG024904 NIH HHS P30 AG066509 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036547 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG052410 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066507 NIH HHS P30 AG062421 NIH HHS P30 AG066514 NIH HHS U01 AG006781 NIA NIH HHS K23 AG045966 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066508 NIH HHS S10 OD023680 NIH HHS P20 AG068077 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072946 NIH HHS P30 AG066546 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072931 NIH HHS P01 AG026276 NIH HHS UL1 TR000445 NIH HHS R01 AG048927 NIH HHS R01 AG048927 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057473 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072978 NIH HHS K12 HD043483 NICHD NIH HHS R01 AG022018 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG058501 NIH HHS R01 AG064614 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072977 NIA NIH HHS K23 AG045966 NIH HHS U01 AG016976 NIH HHS P30 AG062677 NIA NIH HHS U24 AG074855 NIH HHS P20 AG068024 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066512 NIH HHS P30 AG072958 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429 NIH HHS P20 AG068024 NIH HHS P30 AG062715 NIA NIH HHS U01 HG004610 NHGRI NIH HHS U01 AG046161 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066468 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072976 NIA NIH HHS K01 AG049164 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066506 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444 NIH HHS R01 AG048015 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064614 NIH HHS P30 AG072947 NIA NIH HHS K24 AG046373 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072931 NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036528 NIH HHS P30 AG072972 NIA NIH HHS R01 NS100980 NINDS NIH HHS R01 AG036042 NIH HHS R01 AG034962 NIH HHS U19 AG066567 NIA NIH HHS F31 AG077791 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057473 NIH HHS P30 AG066514 NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886 NIH HHS P30 AG072959 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056534 NIH HHS R01 AG034962 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066509 NIH HHS U24 AG056270 NIH HHS U19 AG068753 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036836 NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072979 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015819 NIA NIH HHS U54 AG052427 NIH HHS U19 AG068753 NIH HHS R01 AG42210 NIH HHS K01 AG073584 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG030146 NIH HHS R01 NS100980 NIH HHS NIH DOD Collapse
3	Inaugurating High-Throughput Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Earlier Ovarian Cancer Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023;10:e2301930. [PMID: 37485618 PMCID: PMC10520636 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Abstract Detecting early cancer through liquid biopsy is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for early lesions and potentially low levels of these markers. The current study systematically develops an extracellular-vesicle (EV)-based test for early detection, specifically focusing on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). The marker selection is based on emerging insights into HGSOC pathogenesis, notably that it arises from precursor lesions within the fallopian tube. This work thus establishes murine fallopian tube (mFT) cells with oncogenic mutations and performs proteomic analyses on mFT-derived EVs. The identified markers are then evaluated with an orthotopic HGSOC animal model. In serially-drawn blood of tumor-bearing mice, mFT-EV markers increase with tumor initiation, supporting their potential use in early cancer detection. A pilot clinical study (n = 51) further narrows EV markers to five candidates, EpCAM, CD24, VCAN, HE4, and TNC. The combined expression of these markers distinguishes HGSOC from non-cancer with 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The same markers are also effective in classifying three groups (non-cancer, early-stage HGSOC, and late-stage HGSOC). The developed approach, for the first time inaugurated in fallopian tube-derived EVs, could be a minimally invasive tool to monitor women at high risk of ovarian cancer for timely intervention. Collapse Key Words diagnostics extracellular vesicles ovarian cancer Collapse MESH Headings Humans Female Mice Animals Proteomics Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics Biomarkers/metabolism Fallopian Tubes/metabolism Fallopian Tubes/pathology Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism Collapse Grants R25 CA174650 NCI NIH HHS R01 HL163513 NHLBI NIH HHS R21 DA049577 NIDA NIH HHS R01 CA142746 NCI NIH HHS R01 CA239078 NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229777 NCI NIH HHS R21 CA267222 NCI NIH HHS R01 CA264363 NCI NIH HHS U01 CA233360 NCI NIH HHS R01 CA237500 NCI NIH HHS National Science Foundation DOD Collapse
4	PDE5 inhibitor drugs for use in dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023;9:e12412. [PMID: 37766832 PMCID: PMC10520293 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Abstract Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a major health-care challenge with few licensed medications. Repurposing existing drugs may afford prevention and treatment. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is widely expressed in vascular myocytes, neurons, and glia. Potent, selective, Food and Drug Administration-approved PDE5 inhibitors are already in clinical use (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil) as vasodilators in erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Animal data indicate cognitive benefits of PDE5 inhibitors. In humans, real-world patient data suggest that sildenafil and vardenafil are associated with reduced dementia risk. While a recent clinical trial of acute tadalafil on cerebral blood flow was neutral, there may be chronic actions of PDE5 inhibition on cerebrovascular or synaptic function. We provide a perspective on the potential utility of PDE5 inhibitors for ADRD. We conclude that further prospective clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors are warranted. The choice of drug will depend on brain penetration, tolerability in older people, half-life, and off-target effects. HIGHLIGHTS Potent phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are in clinical use as vasodilators.In animals PDE5 inhibitors enhance synaptic function and cognitive ability.In humans the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.Licensed PDE5 inhibitors have potential for repurposing in dementia.Prospective clinical trials of PDE5 inhibitors are warranted. Collapse Key Words Alzheimer's disease PDE5 inhibitors ardenafil clinical trials dementia drugs repurposing sildenafil tadalafil vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia Collapse MESH Headings Collapse Grants R01 AG067598 NIA NIH HHS R56 AG074001 NIA NIH HHS U01 AG073323 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066707 NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076448 NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG055125 NIA NIH HHS RF1 NS119438 NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110024 NINDS NIH HHS R21 AG083003 NIA NIH HHS MR/T033371/1 Medical Research Council R01 AG082118 NIA NIH HHS IK2 CX002180 CSRD VA RF1 AG082211 NIA NIH HHS British Heart Foundation Rainwater Charitable Foundation Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Larry L. Hillblom Foundation NIH DOD Alzheimer's Association Collapse
5	FL118, acting as a 'molecular glue degrader', binds to dephosphorylates and degrades the oncoprotein DDX5 (p68) to control c-Myc, survivin and mutant Kras against colorectal and pancreatic cancer with high efficacy. Clin Transl Med 2022;12:e881. [PMID: 35604033 PMCID: PMC9126027 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open Abstract BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a difficult-to-treat cancer, is expected to become the second-largest cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030, while colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PDAC patients. The development of novel agents to effectively treat these cancers remains an unmet clinical need. FL118, a novel anticancer small molecule, exhibits high efficacy against cancers; however, the direct biochemical target of FL118 is unknown. METHODS FL118 affinity purification, mass spectrometry, Nanosep centrifugal device and isothermal titration calorimetry were used for identifying and confirming FL118 binding to DDX5/p68 and its binding affinity. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blots, real-time reverse transcription PCR, gene silencing, overexpression (OE) and knockout (KO) were used for analysing gene/protein function and expression. Chromatin IP was used for analysing protein-DNA interactions. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid assay and human PDAC/CRC cell/tumour models were used for determining PDAC/CRC cell/tumour in vitro and in vivo growth. RESULTS We discovered that FL118 strongly binds to dephosphorylates and degrades the DDX5 oncoprotein via the proteasome degradation pathway without decreasing DDX5 mRNA. Silencing and OE of DDX5 indicated that DDX5 is a master regulator for controlling the expression of multiple oncogenic proteins, including survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP, cIAP2, c-Myc and mutant Kras. Genetic manipulation of DDX5 in PDAC cells affects tumour growth. PDAC cells with DDX5 KO are resistant to FL118 treatment. Our human tumour animal model studies further indicated that FL118 exhibits high efficacy to eliminate human PDAC and CRC tumours that have a high expression of DDX5, while FL118 exhibits less effectiveness in PDAC and CRC tumours with low DDX5 expression. CONCLUSION DDX5 is a bona fide FL118 direct target and can act as a biomarker for predicting PDAC and CRC tumour sensitivity to FL118. This would greatly impact FL118 precision medicine for patients with advanced PDAC or advanced CRC in the clinic. FL118 may act as a 'molecular glue degrader' to directly glue DDX5 and ubiquitination regulators together to degrade DDX5. Collapse Key Words DDX5/p68 FL118 c-Myc colorectal cancer (CRC) human tumour animal models mutant Kras (mKras) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours survivin Collapse MESH Headings Animals Benzodioxoles Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics Cell Line, Tumor Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism Humans Indolizines Oncogene Proteins/metabolism Oncogene Proteins/therapeutic use Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism Survivin/genetics Survivin/metabolism Survivin/therapeutic use Collapse Grants P30 CA016056 NCI NIH HHS R44CA176937 NCI NIH HHS P30CA016056 NCI NIH HHS R21CA180764 NCI NIH HHS R03CA182552 NCI NIH HHS Pancreatic Cancer Action Network National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute DOD Collapse