1
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Silvianti F, Maniar D, Agostinho B, de Leeuw TC, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Thiyagarajan S, Sousa AF, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Copolyesters with the Heteroaromatic Diol 3,4-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and Isomeric Dimethyl Furandicarboxylate Substitutions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2792-2802. [PMID: 38602263 PMCID: PMC11094730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters from furandicarboxylic acid derivatives, i.e., dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (2,5-DMFDCA) and 2,4-DMFDCA, show interesting properties among bio-based polymers. Another potential heteroaromatic monomer, 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (3,4-BHMF), is often overlooked but holds promise for biopolymer synthesis. Cleaning and greening synthetic procedures, i.e., enzymatic polymerization, offer sustainable pathways. This study explores the Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-catalyzed copolymerization of 3,4-BHMF with furan dicarboxylate isomers and aliphatic diols. The furanic copolyesters (co-FPEs) with higher polymerization degrees are obtained using 2,4-isomer, indicating CALB's preference. Material analysis revealed semicrystalline properties in all synthesized 2,5-FDCA-based co-FPEs, with multiple melting temperatures (Tm) from 53 to 124 °C and a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 9-10 °C. 2,4-FDCA-based co-FPEs showed multiple Tm from 43 to 61 °C and Tg of -14 to 12 °C; one of them was amorphous. In addition, all co-FPEs showed a two-step decomposition profile, indicating aliphatic and semiaromatic segments in the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Agostinho
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Albert Jan Jacob Woortman
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shanmugam Thiyagarajan
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Centre
for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra
Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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2
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Bento C, Katz M, Santos MMM, Afonso CAM. Striving for Uniformity: A Review on Advances and Challenges To Achieve Uniform Polyethylene Glycol. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:860-890. [PMID: 38660381 PMCID: PMC11036406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the polymer of choice in drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. For over 20 years, this polymer has been widely used in the drug delivery of small drugs, proteins, oligonucleotides, and liposomes, improving the stability and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. However, despite the extensive clinical experience with PEG, concerns have emerged related to its use. These include hypersensitivity, purity, and nonbiodegradability. Moreover, conventional PEG is a mixture of polymers that can complicate drug synthesis and purification leading to unwanted immunogenic reactions. Studies have shown that uniform PEGylated drugs may be more effective than conventional PEGylated drugs as they can overcome issues related to molecular heterogeneity and immunogenicity. This has led to significant research efforts to develop synthetic procedures to produce uniform PEGs (monodisperse PEGs). As a result, iterative step-by-step controlled synthesis methods have been created over time and have shown promising results. Nonetheless, these procedures have presented numerous challenges due to their iterative nature and the requirement for multiple purification steps, resulting in increased costs and time consumption. Despite these challenges, the synthetic procedures went through several improvements. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the synthesis of uniform PEGs and its derivatives with a focus on overall yields, scalability, and purity of the polymers. Additionally, the available characterization methods for assessing polymer monodispersity are discussed as well as uniform PEG applications, side effects, and possible alternative polymers that can overcome the drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Bento
- Hovione
Farmaciência S.A., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício
R, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marianna Katz
- Hovione
Farmaciência S.A., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício
R, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. M. Santos
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Jaros SW, Florek M, Bażanów B, Panek J, Krogul-Sobczak A, Oliveira MC, Król J, Śliwińska-Hill U, Nesterov DS, Kirillov AM, Smoleński P. Silver Coordination Polymers Driven by Adamantoid Blocks for Advanced Antiviral and Antibacterial Biomaterials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13411-13421. [PMID: 38456838 PMCID: PMC10958451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of sustainable biomaterials and surfaces to prevent the accumulation and proliferation of viruses and bacteria is highly demanded in healthcare areas. This study describes the assembly and full characterization of two new bioactive silver(I) coordination polymers (CPs) formulated as [Ag(aca)(μ-PTA)]n·5nH2O (1) and [Ag2(μ-ada)(μ3-PTA)2]n·4nH2O (2). These products were generated by exploiting a heteroleptic approach based on the use of two different adamantoid building blocks, namely 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) and 1-adamantanecarboxylic (Haca) or 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic (H2ada) acids, resulting in the assembly of 1D (1) and 3D (2). Antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of the obtained compounds were investigated in detail, followed by their incorporation as bioactive dopants (1 wt %) into hybrid biopolymers based on acid-hydrolyzed starch polymer (AHSP). The resulting materials, formulated as 1@AHSP and 2@AHSP, also featured (i) an exceptional antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and human adenovirus (HAd-5) and (ii) a remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Docking experiments, interaction with human serum albumin, mass spectrometry, and antioxidation studies provided insights into the mechanism of antimicrobial action. By reporting these new silver CPs driven by adamantoid building blocks and the derived starch-based materials, this study endows a facile approach to access biopolymers and interfaces capable of preventing and reducing the proliferation of a broad spectrum of different microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina W. Jaros
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Florek
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, Wrocław
University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Bażanów
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, Wrocław
University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Panek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jarosław Król
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, Wrocław
University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Śliwińska-Hill
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-566 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dmytro S. Nesterov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Piotr Smoleński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Hassan A, Mohsen R, Rezk A, Bangay G, Rijo P, Soliman MFM, G. A. Hablas M, Swidan KAK, Mohammed TS, Zoair MA, Mohamed AAK, Abdalrhman TI, Abdel-aleem Desoky AM, Mohamed DD, Mohamed DD, Abd El Maksoud AI, Mohamed AF. Enhancement of Vitamin C's Protective Effect against Thimerosal-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Albino Rats: An In Vivo and Computational Study. ACS Omega 2024; 9:8973-8984. [PMID: 38434836 PMCID: PMC10905602 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C was examined to ameliorate the neurotoxicity of thimerosal (THIM) in an animal model (Wistar albino rats). In our work, oxidative and antioxidative biomarkers such as SOD, LPO, and GSH were investigated at various doses of THIM with or without concurrent vitamin C administration. Furthermore, the adverse effects of THIM on hepatic tissue and cerebral cortex morphology were examined in the absence or presence of associated vitamin C administration. Also, we studied the effect of vitamin C on the metallothionein isoforms (MT-1, MT-2, and MT-3) in silico and in vivo using the RT-PCR assay. The results showed that the antioxidant biomarker was reduced as the THIM dose was raised and vice versa. THIM-associated vitamin C reduced the adverse effects of the THIM dose. The computation studies demonstrated that vitamin C has a lower ΔG of -4.9 kcal/mol compared to -4.1 kcal/mol for THIM to bind to the MT-2 protein, which demonstrated that vitamin C has a greater ability to bind with MT-2 than THIM. This is due to multiple hydrogen bonds that exist between vitamin C and MT-2 residues Lys31, Gln23, Cys24, and Cys29, and the sodium ion represents key stabilizing interactions. Hydrogen bonds involve electrostatic interactions between hydrogen atom donors (e.g., hydroxyl groups) and acceptors (e.g., carbonyl oxygens). The distances between heavy atoms are typically 2.5-3.5 Å. H-bonds provide directed, high-affinity interactions to anchor the ligand to the binding site. The five H-bonds formed by vitamin C allow it to form a stable complex with MT, while THIM can form two H-bonds with Gln23 and Cys24. This provides less stabilization in the binding pocket, contributing to the lower affinity compared to vitamin C. The histopathological morphologies in hepatic tissue displayed an expansion in the portal tract and the hepatocytes surrounding the portal tract, including apoptosis, binucleation, and karyomegaly. The histopathological morphologies in the brain tissue revealed a significant decrease in the number of Purkinje cells due to THIM toxicity. Interestingly, THIM toxicity was associated with hemorrhage and astrogliosis. Both intracellular and vasogenic edema appeared as the concentrations of THIM rose. Finally, vitamin C ameliorated the adverse effect on the cerebral cortex in Wistar albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hassan
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research
Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Reham Mohsen
- College
of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), University Giza, Giza 11456, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Rezk
- College
of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), University Giza, Giza 11456, Egypt
| | - Gabrielle Bangay
- CBIOS—Research
Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
- Facultad
de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas (Área
de Farmacología; Nuevos agentes antitumorales, Acción
tóxica sobre células leucémicas), Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33, Alcalá de Henares 600 28805, Madrid, Espana
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research
Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Mona F. M. Soliman
- Department
of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. A. Hablas
- Department
of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt
| | | | - Tahseen S. Mohammed
- Department
of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. Zoair
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abir A. Khalil Mohamed
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Girls Branch, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Tamer I. Abdalrhman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia D. Mohamed
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Research Institute (GEBRI), University of
Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Doaa D. Mohamed
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Research Institute (GEBRI), University of
Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Research Institute (GEBRI), University of
Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Aly F. Mohamed
- Holding
Company for Vaccine and Sera Production (VACSERA), Giza 22311, Egypt
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5
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Ferreira AM, Sales I, Santos SAO, Santos T, Nogueira F, Mattedi S, Pinho SP, Coutinho JA, Freire MG. Enhanced Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Artemisia annua L. Achieved with Aqueous Solutions of Salicylate Salts and Ionic Liquids. Chem Bio Eng 2024; 1:44-52. [PMID: 38434799 PMCID: PMC10906083 DOI: 10.1021/cbe.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria, can be chemically synthesized or extracted from Artemisia annua L. However, the extraction method for artemisinin from biomass needs to be more sustainable while maintaining or enhancing its bioactivity. This work investigates the use of aqueous solutions of salts and ionic liquids with hydrotropic properties as alternative solvents for artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L. Among the investigated solvents, aqueous solutions of cholinium salicylate and sodium salicylate were found to be the most promising. To optimize the extraction process, a response surface method was further applied, in which the extraction time, hydrotrope concentration, and temperature were optimized. The optimized conditions resulted in extraction yields of up to 6.50 and 6.44 mg·g-1, obtained with aqueous solutions of sodium salicylate and cholinium salicylate, respectively. The extracts obtained were tested for their antimalarial activity, showing a higher efficacy against the Plasmodium falciparum strain compared with pure (synthetic) artemisinin or extracts obtained with conventional organic solvents. Characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of artemisinin together with other compounds, such as artemitin, chrysosplenol D, arteannuin B, and arteannuin J. These compounds act synergistically with artemisinin and enhance the antimalarial activity of the obtained extracts. Given the growing concern about artemisinin resistance, the results here obtained pave the way for the development of sustainable and biobased antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ferreira
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabela Sales
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Escola
Politécnica, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation
and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene
e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade
Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation
and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene
e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade
Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
MolSyn, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- Escola
Politécnica, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Mountain
Research Center − CIMO, Polytechnic
Institute of Bragança, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal
- SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal
| | - João A.
P. Coutinho
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Magalhães Esteves D, Rodrigues AL, Dias MI, Alves LC, Jia Z, Mu W, Lorenz K, Peres M. Thermoluminescence Studies of Proton-Irradiated Cr-, Mg-Codoped β-Ga 2O 3. ACS Omega 2023; 8:47874-47882. [PMID: 38144060 PMCID: PMC10734027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-doped Ga2O3, with intense Cr3+-related red-infrared light emission, is a promising semiconductor material for optical sensors. This work constitutes a comprehensive study of the thermoluminescence properties of Cr-, Mg-codoped β-Ga2O3 single crystals, both prior to and after proton irradiation. The thermoluminescence investigation includes a thorough analysis of measurements with different β- irradiation doses used to populate the trap levels, with preheating steps to disentangle overlapping peaks (TM-TSTOP and initial rise methods) and finally by computationally fitting to a theoretical expression. At least three traps with activation energies of 0.84, 1.0, and 1.1 eV were detected. By comparison with literature reports, they can be assigned to different defect complexes involving oxygen vacancies and/or common contaminants/dopants. Interestingly, the thermoluminescence signal is enhanced by the proton irradiation while the type of traps is maintained. Finally, the pristine glow curve was recovered on the irradiated samples after an annealing step at 923 K for 10 s. These results contribute to a better understanding of the defect levels in Cr-, Mg-codoped β-Ga2O3 and show that electrons released from these traps lead to Cr3+-related light emission that can be exploited in dosimetry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Magalhães Esteves
- INESC
MN, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal
- IPFN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Rodrigues
- CTN, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
- DECN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Dias
- CTN, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
- DECN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Luís Cerqueira Alves
- CTN, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
- DECN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Zhitai Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxiang Mu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Katharina Lorenz
- INESC
MN, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal
- IPFN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- DECN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Marco Peres
- INESC
MN, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal
- IPFN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- DECN,
Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
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7
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Teixeira C, Ipatov A, Carvalho J, Purwidyantri A, Fontes N, Prado M. Miniaturized Microscale Solid-Phase Extraction-Based Module for Highly Efficient DNA Extraction and Purification from Grapevine Samples. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31738-31746. [PMID: 37692237 PMCID: PMC10483517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Several developments over the last few years are being directed toward improving DNA-based analysis to simplify, miniaturize, and reduce the time and cost of analysis, with the objective to allow its use in decentralized settings. One of the most interesting fields is DNA extraction and purification, a key step for ensuring good analytical performance. In this sense, microscale solid phase extraction (μSPE) offers paramount advantages for an improved DNA yield. In this work, we have developed a miniaturized module for DNA purification based on μSPE using a borosilicate glass microfiber filter as the solid phase. We also established a protocol for highly efficient DNA purification from vegetable samples, including leaves and grapes from four different varieties from the PDO Douro and two varieties from the Minho wine regions. The protocol demonstrated excellent performance when compared with a commercial kit with a DNA recovery yield of around 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Teixeira
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
- Department
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Faculty
of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrey Ipatov
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Agnes Purwidyantri
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, David
Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, BT9
5AG Belfast, U.K.
| | - Natacha Fontes
- Sogrape, Rua 5 de outubro, 4527, 4430-809 Avintes, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
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8
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Valente S, Oliveira F, Ferreira IJ, Paiva A, Sobral RG, Diniz MS, Gaudêncio SP, Duarte ARC. Hydrophobic DES Based on Menthol and Natural Organic Acids for Use in Antifouling Marine Coatings. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:9989-10000. [PMID: 37448722 PMCID: PMC10337252 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling negatively impacts industries with off-shore infrastructures, such as naval, oil, and aquaculture. To date, there are no ideal sustainable, economic, and environmentally benign solutions to deal with this phenomenon. The advances achieved in green solvents, as well as its application in different industries, such as pharmaceutical and biotechnology, have promoted the emergence of deep eutectic systems (DES). These eutectic systems have applications in various fields and can be revolutionary in the marine-based industrial sector. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the potential use of hydrophobic DES (HDES) based on menthol and natural organic acids for their use as marine antifouling coatings. Our strategy encompassed the physicochemical characterization of different formulations, which allowed us to identify the most appropriate molar ratio and intermolecular interactions for HDES formations. The miscibility of the resulting HDES with the marine coating has been evaluated and proven to be successful. The Men/OL (1:1) system proved to be the most promising in terms of cost-production and thus was the one used in subsequent antifouling tests. The cytotoxicity of this HDES was evaluated using an in vitro cell model (HaCat cells) showing no significant toxicity. Furthermore, the application of this system incorporated into coatings that are used in marine structures was also studied using marine species (Mytilus edulis mussels and Patella vulgata limpets) to evaluate both their antifouling and ecotoxicity effects. HDES Men/OL (1:1) incorporated in marine coatings was promising in reducing marine macrofouling and also proved to be effective at the level of microfouling without viability impairment of the tested marine species. It was revealed to be more efficient than using copper oxide, metallic copper, or ivermectin as antifouling agents. Biochemical assays performed on marine species showed that this HDES does not induce oxidative stress in the tested species. These results are a strong indication of the potential of this HDES to be sustainable and efficiently used in marine fouling control technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valente
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science
and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipe Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science
and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês João Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science
and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science
and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mário S. Diniz
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Cruz Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science
and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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9
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Serra J, Salado M, Correia DM, Gonçalves R, del Campo FJ, Lanceros-Mendez S, Costa CM. High-Performance Sustainable Electrochromic Devices Based on Carrageenan Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Ionic Liquid. ACS Appl Eng Mater 2023; 1:1416-1425. [PMID: 37256018 PMCID: PMC10226048 DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.3c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable functional materials with strong potential to be applied in different areas has been growing and gaining increasing interest to address the environmental impact of current materials and technologies. In this scope, this work reports on sustainable functional materials with electrochromic properties, based on their increasing interest for a variety of applications, including sensing technologies. The materials have been developed based on a natural derived polymer, carrageenan, in which different amounts of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([EMIM][SCN]) were blended. It is shown that the addition of different amounts of IL to the carrageenan matrix does not affect the properties of the samples in terms of morphology or physicochemical and thermal properties, the most significant difference being the increase of the ionic conductivity with increasing IL content, ranging from 2.3 × 10-11 S·cm-1 for pristine carrageenan to 4.6 × 10-4 S·cm-1 for the samples with 5 and 60 wt % IL content, respectively. A electrochromic device has been developed based on the different IL/carrageenan samples as electrolyte and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as electrodes. Spectroelectrochemistry testing demonstrates functional devices at low voltages between 0.3 and -0.9 V. Among the different samples, the one with 15 wt % IL content presents the best conditions for application, presenting an oxidation time of 6 s, a reduction time of 8 s, and a charge density of 1150 and 1050 μC·cm-2 for oxidation and reduction, respectively. The same sample also presents excellent optical density as a function of load density, presenting an optical switch (Δ%Tx) of 99%. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is possible to develop high efficiency and sustainable electrochromic devices based on natural polymers and ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- João
P. Serra
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Salado
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Renato Gonçalves
- Centre
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. del Campo
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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10
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Gaspar D, Martins J, Carvalho JT, Grey P, Simões R, Fortunato E, Martins R, Pereira L. Alkali-Doped Nanopaper Membranes Applied as a Gate Dielectric in FETs and Logic Gates with an Enhanced Dynamic Response. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8319-8326. [PMID: 36734958 PMCID: PMC9940104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The market for flexible, hybrid, and printed electronic systems, which can appear in everything from sensors and wearables to displays and lighting, is still uncertain. What is clear is that these systems are appearing every day, enabling devices and systems that can, in the near future, be crumpled up and tucked in our pockets. Within this context, cellulose-based modified nanopapers were developed to serve both as a physical support and a gate dielectric layer in field-effect transistors (FETs) that are fully recyclable. It was found that the impregnation of those nanopapers with sodium (Na+) ions allows for low operating voltage FETs (<3 V), with mobility above 10 cm2 V-1 s-1, current modulation surpassing 105, and an improved dynamic response. Thus, it was possible to implement those transistors into simple circuits such as inverters, reaching a clear discrimination between logic states. Besides the overall improvement in electrical performance, these devices have shown to be an interesting alternative for reliable, sustainable, and flexible electronics, maintaining proper operation even under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- AlmaScience
Colab, Madan Parque, 2829-516Caparica, Portugal
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - José Tiago Carvalho
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - Paul Grey
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rogério Simões
- FibEnTech,
Department of Chemistry, University of Beira
Interior, 6201-001Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira
- AlmaScience
Colab, Madan Parque, 2829-516Caparica, Portugal
- CENIMAT/i3N,
Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon (FCT-NOVA) and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica2829-516, Portugal
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11
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Martins L, Ródenas-Rochina J, Salazar D, Cardoso VF, Gómez Ribelles JL, Lanceros-Mendez S. Microfluidic Processing of Piezoelectric and Magnetic Responsive Electroactive Microspheres. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2022; 4:5368-5379. [PMID: 36824683 PMCID: PMC9940114 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) combined with cobalt ferrite (CFO) particles is one of the most common and effective polymeric magnetoelectric composites. Processing PVDF into its electroactive phase is a mandatory condition for featuring electroactive behavior and specific (post)processing may be needed to achieve this state, although electroactive phase crystallization is favored at processing temperatures below 60 °C. Different techniques are used to process PVDF-CFO nanocomposite structures into microspheres with high CFO dispersion, with microfluidics adding the advantages of high reproducibility, size tunability, and time and resource efficiency. In this work, magnetoelectric microspheres are produced in a one-step approach. We describe the production of high content electroactive phase PVDF and PVDF-CFO microspheres using microfluidic technology. A flow-focusing polydimethylsiloxane device is fabricated based on a 3D printed polylactic acid master, which enables the production of spherical microspheres with mean diameters ranging from 80 to 330 μm. The microspheres feature internal and external cavernous structures and good CFO distribution with an encapsulation efficacy of 80% and prove to be in the electroactive γ-phase with a mean content of 75%. The microspheres produced using this approach show suitable characteristics as active materials for tissue regeneration strategies and other piezoelectric polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís
Amaro Martins
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ródenas-Rochina
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Daniel Salazar
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- Department
of Physics, Universidade do Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- CMEMS-UMinho, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- CBIT—Centre
for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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12
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Fonseca R, Vieira R, Sardo M, Marin-Montesinos I, Mafra L. Exploring Molecular Dynamics of Adsorbed CO 2 Species in Amine-Modified Porous Silica by Solid-State NMR Relaxation. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:12582-12591. [PMID: 35968194 PMCID: PMC9358655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on CO2 adsorbents have mainly addressed the identification and quantification of adsorbed CO2 species in amine-modified porous materials. Investigation of molecular motion of CO2 species in confinement has not been explored in depth yet. This work entails a comprehensive study of molecular dynamics of the different CO2 species chemi- and physisorbed at amine-modified silica materials through the determination of the rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1ρ) by solid-state NMR. Rotational correlation times (τC) were also estimated using spin relaxation models based on the Bloch, Wangsness, and Redfield and the Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound theories. As expected, the τC values for the two physisorbed CO2 species are considerably shorter (32 and 20 μs) than for the three identified chemisorbed CO2 species (162, 62, and 123 μs). The differences in molecular dynamics between the different chemisorbed species correlate well with the structures previously proposed. In the case of the physisorbed CO2 species, the τC values of the CO2 species displaying faster molecular dynamics falls in the range of viscous liquids, whereas the species presenting slower dynamics exhibit T 1ρ and τC values compatible with a CO2 layer of weakly interacting molecules with the silica surface. The values for chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and 1H-13C heteronuclear dipolar couplings have also been estimated from T 1ρ measurements, for each adsorbed CO2 species. The CSA tensor parameters obtained from fitting the relaxation data agree with the experimentally measured CSA values, thus showing that the theories are well suited to study CO2 dynamics in silica surfaces.
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13
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Morgado V, Palma C, Bettencourt da Silva RJN. Bottom-Up Evaluation of the Uncertainty of the Quantification of Microplastics Contamination in Sediment Samples. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11080-11090. [PMID: 35822463 PMCID: PMC9778736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The quantification and comparison of microplastic contamination of sediments are affected by sample heterogeneity and the systematic and random effects affecting sample analysis. The quantification and combination of these components in the measurement uncertainty allows the objective interpretation of analysis results. This work presents the first detailed evaluation of the uncertainty of microplastic contamination quantification in sediments. The random and systematic effects affecting microplastic counts are modeled by the Poisson-lognormal distribution with inputs estimated from duplicate sediment analysis and the analysis of sediments spiked with microparticles. The uncertainty from particle counting was combined with the uncertainty from the determination of the dry mass of the analytical portion by the Monte Carlo method. The developed methodology was implemented in a user-friendly spreadsheet made available as the Supporting Information. The contamination of sediment samples collected in various inland Portuguese waters was determined, ranging from [0; 160] to [361; 2932] kg-1 for a 99% confidence level, and compared by assessing if the difference between contamination levels is equivalent to zero for the same confidence level. Several samples proved to have metrologically different microplastic contamination. This work represents a contribution to the objectivity of the assessment of environmental contamination with microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Morgado
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto
Hidrográfico, R. Trinas 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Palma
- Instituto
Hidrográfico, R. Trinas 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. N. Bettencourt da Silva
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Barbosa J, Gonçalves R, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Toward Sustainable Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Omega 2022; 7:14457-14464. [PMID: 35572743 PMCID: PMC9089680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used energy storage system because of their high energy density and power, robustness, and reversibility, but they typically include an electrolyte solution composed of flammable organic solvents, leading to safety risks and reliability concerns for high-energy-density batteries. A step forward in Li-ion technology is the development of solid-state batteries suitable in terms of energy density and safety for the next generation of smart, safe, and high-performance batteries. Solid-state batteries can be developed on the basis of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that may rely on natural polymers in order to replace synthetic ones, thereby taking into account environmental concerns. This work provides a perspective on current state-of-the-art sustainable SPEs for lithium-ion batteries. The recent developments are presented with a focus on natural polymers and their relevant properties in the context of battery applications. In addition, the ionic conductivity values and battery performance of natural polymer-based SPEs are reported, and it is shown that sustainable SPEs can become essential components of a next generation of high-performance solid-state batteries synergistically focused on performance, sustainability, and circular economy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João
C. Barbosa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Alves R, Fidalgo-Marijuan A, Campos-Arias L, Gonçalves R, Silva MM, del Campo FJ, Costa CM, Lanceros-Mendez S. Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Gellan Gum and Ionic Liquid for Sustainable Electrochromic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:15494-15503. [PMID: 35324148 PMCID: PMC9773178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials sustainability is becoming increasingly relevant in every developed technology and, consequently, environmentally friendly solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on gellan gum and different quantities of ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-thiocyanate [Emim][SCN] have been prepared and applied in electrochromic devices (ECDs). The addition of the IL does not affect the crystalline phase of gellan gum, and the samples show a compact morphology, surface uniformity, no phase separation, and good distribution of the IL within the carrageenan matrix. The developed SPE are thermally stable up to ∼100 °C and show suitable mechanical properties. The most concentrated sample (39 wt % IL content) reaches a maximum ionic conductivity value of 6.0 × 10-3 S cm-1 and 1.8 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 30 and 90 °C, respectively. The electrochromic device (ECD) was fabricated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as working electrode and the developed SPE was compared with an aqueous 0.1 M KNO3 solution. The electrochromic performance of the electrolyte was assessed in terms of spectroelectrochemistry, demonstrating a fully flexible ECD operating at voltages below 1.0 V. This novel electrolyte opens the door to the preparation of high performance sustainable ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alves
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Arkaitz Fidalgo-Marijuan
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials,
Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lia Campos-Arias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials,
Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Javier del Campo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials,
Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials,
Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Costa BL, Adão RMR, Maibohm C, Accardo A, Cardoso VF, Nieder JB. Cellular Interaction of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Polymer and Hydrogel 3D Microscaffold Templates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:13013-13024. [PMID: 35282678 PMCID: PMC8949723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicking biological niches of healthy tissues or tumors can be achieved by means of artificial microenvironments, where structural and mechanical properties are crucial parameters to promote tissue formation and recreate natural conditions. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on woodpile structures were fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP) of different photosensitive polymers (IP-S and SZ2080) and hydrogels (PEGDA 700) using two different 2PP setups, a commercial one and a customized one. The structures' properties were tuned to study the effect of scaffold dimensions (gap size) and their mechanical properties on the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which can serve as a model for leukemic diseases, among other hematological applications. The woodpile structures feature gap sizes of 25, 50, and 100 μm and a fixed beam diameter of 25 μm, to systematically study the optimal cell colonization that promotes healthy cell growth and potential tissue formation. The characterization of the scaffolds involved scanning electron microscopy and mechanical nanoindenting, while their suitability for supporting cell growth was evaluated with live/dead cell assays and multistaining 3D confocal imaging. In the mechanical assays of the hydrogel material, we observed two different stiffness ranges depending on the indentation depth. Larger gap woodpile structures coated with fibronectin were identified as the most promising scaffolds for 3D BM-MSC cellular models, showing higher proliferation rates. The results indicate that both the design and the employed materials are suitable for further assays, where retaining the BM-MSC stemness and original features is crucial, including studies focused on BM disorders such as leukemia and others. Moreover, the combination of 3D scaffold geometry and materials holds great potential for the investigation of cellular behaviors in a co-culture setting, for example, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, to be further applied in medical research and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz
N. L. Costa
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- CMEMS-UMinho,
University of Minho, DEI, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- Faculty
of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering (3mE), Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME), Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo M. R. Adão
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Christian Maibohm
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Faculty
of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering (3mE), Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME), Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho,
University of Minho, DEI, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- CF-UM-UP,
Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jana B. Nieder
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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17
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Caamaño K, Heras-Mozos R, Calbo J, Díaz JC, Waerenborgh JC, Vieira BJC, Hernández-Muñoz P, Gavara R, Giménez-Marqués M. Exploiting the Redox Activity of MIL-100(Fe) Carrier Enables Prolonged Carvacrol Antimicrobial Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10758-10768. [PMID: 35179870 PMCID: PMC8895383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient food contact materials that maintain optimal levels of food safety is of paramount relevance to reduce the increasing number of foodborne illnesses. In this work, we develop a smart composite metal-organic framework (MOF)-based material that fosters a unique prolonged antibacterial activity. The composite is obtained by entrapping a natural food preserving molecule, carvacrol, into a mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) material following a direct and biocompatible impregnation method, and obtaining particularly high payloads. By exploiting the intrinsic redox nature of the MIL-100(Fe) material, it is possible to achieve a prolonged activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua due to a triggered two-step carvacrol release from films containing the carvacrol@MOF composite. Essentially, it was discovered that based on the underlying chemical interaction between MIL-100(Fe) and carvacrol, it is possible to undergo a reversible charge-transfer process between the metallic MOF counterpart and carvacrol upon certain chemical stimuli. During this process, the preferred carvacrol binding site was monitored by infrared, Mössbauer, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and the results are supported by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Caamaño
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Raquel Heras-Mozos
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino
7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Cases Díaz
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - João C. Waerenborgh
- C2TN,
DECN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, P-2695-066 Bobadela
LRS, Portugal
| | - Bruno J. C. Vieira
- C2TN,
DECN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN10, P-2695-066 Bobadela
LRS, Portugal
| | - Pilar Hernández-Muñoz
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino
7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Instituto
de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino
7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mónica Giménez-Marqués
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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18
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Ramou E, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Nanoscale Events on Cyanobiphenyl-Based Self-Assembled Droplets Triggered by Gas Analytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6261-6273. [PMID: 35044147 PMCID: PMC9241000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are prime examples of dynamic supramolecular soft materials. Their autonomous self-assembly at the nanoscale level and the further nanoscale events that give rise to unique stimuli-responsive properties have been exploited for sensing purposes. One of the key features to employ LCs as sensing materials derives from the fine-tuning between stability and dynamics. This challenging task was addressed in this work by studying the effect of the alkyl chain length of cyanobiphenyl LCs on the molecular self-assembled compartments organized in the presence of ionic liquid molecules and gelatin. The resulting multicompartment nematic and smectic gels were further used as volatile organic compound chemical sensors. The LC structures undergo a dynamic sequence of phase transitions, depending on the nature of the LC component, yielding a variety of optical signals, which serve as optical fingerprints. In particular, the materials incorporating smectic compartments resulted in unexpected and rich optical textures that have not been reported previously. Their sensing capability was tested in an in-house-assembled electronic nose and further assessed via signal collection and machine-learning algorithms based on support vector machines, which classified 12 different gas analytes with high accuracy scores. Our work expands the knowledge on controlling LC self-assembly to yield fast and autonomous accurate chemical-sensing systems based on the combination of complex nanoscale sensing events with artificial intelligence tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Ramou
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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19
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Pérez-Ojeda ME, Castro E, Kröckel C, Lucherelli MA, Ludacka U, Kotakoski J, Werbach K, Peterlik H, Melle-Franco M, Chacón-Torres JC, Hauke F, Echegoyen L, Hirsch A, Abellán G. Carbon Nano-onions: Potassium Intercalation and Reductive Covalent Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18997-19007. [PMID: 34699723 PMCID: PMC8603384 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of covalently functionalized carbon nano-onions (CNOs) via a reductive approach using unprecedented alkali-metal CNO intercalation compounds. For the first time, an in situ Raman study of the controlled intercalation process with potassium has been carried out revealing a Fano resonance in highly doped CNOs. The intercalation was further confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the experimental results have been rationalized with DFT calculations. Covalently functionalized CNO derivatives were synthesized by using phenyl iodide and n-hexyl iodide as electrophiles in model nucleophilic substitution reactions. The functionalized CNOs were exhaustively characterized by statistical Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. This work provides important insights into the understanding of the basic principles of reductive CNOs functionalization and will pave the way for the use of CNOs in a wide range of potential applications, such as energy storage, photovoltaics, or molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chamistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint
Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, D-90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Edison Castro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El
Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Claudia Kröckel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chamistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint
Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, D-90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Matteo Andrea Lucherelli
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ursula Ludacka
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Werbach
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Peterlik
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Julio C. Chacón-Torres
- School
of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, 100119-Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chamistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint
Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, D-90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El
Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chamistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Joint
Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, D-90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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20
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Cavaco M, Frutos S, Oliete P, Valle J, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Vila-Perelló M, Neves V. Conjugation of a Blood Brain Barrier Peptide Shuttle to an Fc Domain for Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Biomolecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1663-1668. [PMID: 36060671 PMCID: PMC9437899 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of brain disease has increased significantly in the past years. After diagnosis, therapeutic options are usually limited, which demands the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is promising but highly limited by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome the impermeability of this barrier, antibody fragments can be engineered and conjugated to BBB peptide shuttles (BBBpS), which are capable of brain penetration. Herein, we linked the highly efficient BBBpS, PepH3, to the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain using the streamlined expressed protein ligation (SEPL) method. With this strategy, we obtained an Fc-PepH3 scaffold that can carry different payloads. Fc-PepH3 was shown to be nontoxic, capable of crossing an in vitro cellular BBB model, and able to bind to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which is responsible for antibody long half-life (t 1/2). Overall, we demonstrated the potential of Fc-PepH3 as a versatile platform readily adaptable to diverse drugs of therapeutic value to treat different brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Frutos
- SpliceBio
S.L., Baldiri Reixac
10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Oliete
- SpliceBio
S.L., Baldiri Reixac
10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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