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Wang X, Tian L, Wang T, Zhang E. Replacing nitrogen in mineral fertilizers with nitrogen in maize straw increases soil water-holding capacity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9337. [PMID: 38653762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil water-holding capacity decreases due to long-term mineral fertilizer application. The objective of this study was to determine how replacing mineral fertilizer with maize straw affected the soil water retention curve, soil water content, soil water availability, and soil equivalent pore size. Replacement treatments in which 25% (S25), 50% (S50), 75% (S75), and 100% (S100) of 225 kg ha-1 nitrogen from mineral fertilizer (CK) was replaced with equivalent nitrogen from maize straw were conducted for five years in the Loess Plateau of China. The Gardner model was used to fit the soil water retention curve and calculate the soil water constant and equivalent pore size distribution. The results indicated that the Gardner model fitted well. Replacing nitrogen from mineral fertilizer with nitrogen from straw increased soil specific water capacity, soil readily available water, soil delayed available water, soil available water, soil capillary porosity, and soil available water porosity over time. S25 increased field capacity and wilting point from the fourth fertilization year. S50 enhanced soil readily available water, soil delayed available water, soil available water, and soil available water porosity from the fifth fertilization year, whereas S25 and S75 increased these from the third fertilization year or earlier. Soil specific water capacity, soil readily available water, soil delayed available water, soil available water, soil capillary porosity, and soil available water porosity could better reflect soil water-holding capacity and soil water supply capacity compared with field capacity and wilting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-Construction By Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Shanxi Province), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Tian
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianle Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Guo X, Wen F, Qiao Q, Zheng N, Saive M, Fauconnier ML, Wang J. A Novel Graphene Oxide-Based Aptasensor for Amplified Fluorescent Detection of Aflatoxin M 1 in Milk Powder. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E3840. [PMID: 31491974 PMCID: PMC6766899 DOI: 10.3390/s19183840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a rapid and sensitive fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk powder was developed. Graphene oxide (GO) was employed to quench the fluorescence of a carboxyfluorescein-labelled aptamer and protect the aptamer from nuclease cleavage. Upon the addition of AFM1, the formation of an AFM1/aptamer complex resulted in the aptamer detaching from the surface of GO, followed by the aptamer cleavage by DNase I and the release of the target AFM1 for a new cycle, which led to great signal amplification and high sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, the GO-based detection of the aptasensor exhibited a linear response to AFM1 levels in a dynamic range from 0.2 to 10 μg/kg, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μg/kg. Moreover, the developed aptasensor showed a high specificity towards AFM1 without interference from other mycotoxins. In addition, the technique was successfully applied for the detection of AFM1 in infant milk powder samples. The aptasensor proposed here offers a promising technology for food safety monitoring and can be extended to various targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- Chimie générale et organique, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Qinqin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Matthew Saive
- Chimie générale et organique, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Chimie générale et organique, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China.
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Fu Y, Gu Q, Dong Q, Zhang Z, Lin C, Hu W, Pan R, Guan Y, Hu J. Spermidine Enhances Heat Tolerance of Rice Seeds by Modulating Endogenous Starch and Polyamine Metabolism. Molecules 2019; 24:E1395. [PMID: 30970602 PMCID: PMC6480098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines have been reported to be involved in grain filling and they might contribute to the construction of heat resistance of some cereals. In this study, the hybrid rice 'YLY 689' was used to explore the possible effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on seed quality under high temperature during the filling stage. Rice spikes were treated with Spd or its synthesis inhibitor cyclohexylamine (CHA) after pollination, and then the rice plants were transferred to 40 °C for 5-day heat treatment. The results showed that, compared with the control under high temperature, Spd pretreatment significantly improved the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling shoot height, and dry weight of seeds harvested at 35 days after pollination, while the CHA significantly decreased the seed germination and seedling growth. Meanwhile, Spd significantly increased the peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seeds. In addition, after spraying with Spd, the endogenous content of spermidine and spermine and the expression of their synthetic genes, spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2), significantly increased, whereas the accumulation of amylose and total starch and the expression of their related synthase genes, soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), also increased to some extent. The data suggests that exogenous Spd pretreatment could alleviate the negative impacts of high temperature stress on rice seed grain filling and improve the rice seed quality to some extent, which might be partly caused by up-regulating endogenous polyamines and starch metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Qian Dong
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Cheng Lin
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Weimin Hu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Ronghui Pan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Yajing Guan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Jin Hu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Yan F, Shi M, He Z, Wu L, Xu X, He M, Chen J, Deng X, Cheng Y, Xu J. Largely different carotenogenesis in two pummelo fruits with different flesh colors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200320. [PMID: 29985936 PMCID: PMC6037374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids in citrus fruits have health benefits and make the fruits visually attractive. Red-fleshed ‘Chuhong’ (‘CH’) and pale green-fleshed ‘Feicui’ (‘FC’) pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr.) fruits are interesting materials for studying the mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation. In this study, particularly high contents of linear carotenes were observed in the albedo tissue, segment membranes and juice sacs of ‘CH’. However, carotenoids, especially β-carotene and xanthophylls, accumulated more in the flavedo tissue of ‘FC’ than in that of ‘CH’. Additionally, the contents of other terpenoids such as limonin, nomilin and abscisic acid significantly differed in the juice sacs at 150 days postanthesis. A dramatic increase in carotenoid production was observed at 45 to 75 days postanthesis in the segment membranes and juice sacs of ‘CH’. Different expression levels of carotenogenesis genes, especially the ζ-carotene desaturase (CmZDS), β-carotenoid hydroxylase (CmBCH) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (CmZEP) genes, in combination are directly responsible for the largely different carotenoid profiles between these two pummelo fruits. The sequences of eleven genes involved in carotenoid synthesis were investigated; different alleles of seven of eleven genes might also explain the largely different carotenogenesis observed between ‘CH’ and ‘FC’. These results enhance our understanding of carotenogenesis in pummelo fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Forestry Science Academy of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Forestry Science Academy of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Xu
- Forestry Science Academy of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Liu X, Li Y, Zhou X, Luo K, Hu L, Liu K, Bai L. Photocatalytic degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197560. [PMID: 29771967 PMCID: PMC5957421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethoate, a systemic insecticide, has been used extensively in vegetable production. Insecticide residues in treated vegetables, however, pose a potential risk to consumers. Photocatalytic degradation is a new alternative to managing pesticide residues. In this study, the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy was investigated under the field conditions using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ce) hydrosol as a photocatalyst. The results show that TiO2/Ce hydrosol can accelerate the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy. Specifically, the application of TiO2/Ce hydrosol significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in the treated Bok choy, which speeds up the degradation of dimethoate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis detected three major degradation products, including omethoate, O,O,S-trimethyl thiophosphorothioate, and 1,2-Bis (acetyl-N-methyl-) methane disulfide. Two potential photodegradation pathways have been proposed based on the intermediate products. To understand the relationship between photodegradation and the molecular structure of target insecticides, we investigated the bond length, Mulliken atomic charge and frontier electron density of dimethoate using ab initio quantum analysis. These results suggest the P = S, P-S and S-C of dimethoate are the initiation sites for the photocatalytic reaction in Bok choy, which is consistent with our empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lifeng Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
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Han R, Li S, Wang J, Yu Z, Wang J, Zheng N. Elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in milk after an 8-day extended intramammary administration in healthy and infected cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187261. [PMID: 29095869 PMCID: PMC5667814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceftiofur hydrochloride (CEF) is occasionally used for the intramammary (IMM) treatment of mastitis. This extralabel manner could result in a drug-residue violation of the milk. The objective of this study was to determine the elimination kinetics of IMM CEF in lactating dairy cattle. The pharmacokinetic profile of CEF after repeated IMM administration in nine healthy cows and nine Staphylococcus aureus infected cows was investigated, alongside determining the MICs of Staph. aureus field strains. The MIC 90 value for CEF in Staph. aureus field strains (n = 31) was 0.25 μg/mL. The t >MIC CEF values for low- production quarters were longer than those for high- and mid- production quarters. The results showed that ceftiofur was detected in milk up to 108 h after the last infusion in both healthy and infected cows. Cows with low milk production eliminate IMM drugs more slowly than cows with higher production. Our findings suggest that this extralabel use is not encouraged and a prudent use is recommended for mastitis therapy. The use of CEF should be reserved for infections where susceptibility tests indicate its efficacy and when alternatives are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Songli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Gao R, Xu Y, Candresse T, He Z, Li S, Ma Y, Lu M. Further insight into genetic variation and haplotype diversity of Cherry virus A from China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186273. [PMID: 29020049 PMCID: PMC5636130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cherry virus A (CVA) infection appears to be prevalent in cherry plantations worldwide. In this study, the diversity of CVA isolates from 31 cherry samples collected from different orchards around Bohai Bay in northeastern China was analyzed. The complete genome of one of these isolates, ChYT52, was found to be 7,434 nt in length excluding the poly (A) tail. It shares between 79.9-98.7% identity with CVA genome sequences in GenBank, while its RdRp core is more divergent (79.1-90.7% nt identity), likely as a consequence of a recombination event. Phylogenetic analysis of ChYT52 genome with CVA genomes in Genbank resulted in at least 7 major clusters plus additional 5 isolates alone at the end of long branches suggesting the existence of further phylogroups diversity in CVA. The genetic diversity of Chinese CVA isolates from 31 samples and GenBank sequences were analyzed in three genomic regions that correspond to the coat protein, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase core region, and the movement protein genes. With few exceptions likely representing further recombination impact, the trees various trees are largely congruent, indicating that each region provides valuable phylogenetic information. In all cases, the majority of the Chinese CVA isolates clustering in phylogroup I, together with the X82547 reference sequence from Germany. Statistically significant negative values were obtained for Tajima's D in the three genes for phylogroup I, suggesting that it may be undergoing a period of expansion. There was considerable haplotype diversity in the individual samples and more than half samples contained genetically diverse haplotypes belonging to different phylogroups. In addition, a number of statistically significant recombination events were detected in CVA genomes or in the partial genomic sequences indicating an important contribution of recombination to CVA evolution. This work provides a foundation for elucidation of the epidemiological characteristics and evolutionary history of CVA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhen He
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Meiguang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu K, Jian G, Qi F, Si N. Large-scale identification of Gossypium hirsutum genes associated with Verticillium dahliae by comparative transcriptomic and reverse genetics analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181609. [PMID: 28767675 PMCID: PMC5540499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease of cotton, which is caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). Although previous studies have identified some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, especially in G. hirsutum. In the present study, we obtained an overview of transcriptome characteristics of resistant upland cotton (G. hirsutum) after V. dahliae infection at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) via a high-throughput RNA-sequencing technique. A total of 4,794 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 820 up-regulated genes and 3,974 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis showed that several important processes were induced upon V. dahliae infection, such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid-related and ubiquitin-mediated signals. Moreover, we investigated some key regulatory gene families involved in the defense response, such as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), WRKY transcription factors and cytochrome P450 (CYPs), via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). GhSKIP35, a partner of SKP1 protein, was involved in ubiquitin-mediated signal. Over-expression of GhSKIP35 in Arabidopsis improved its tolerance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic plants. Collectively, global transcriptome analysis and functional gene characterization provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of G. hirsutum-V. dahliae interaction and offered a number of candidate genes as potential sources for breeding wilt-tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huachong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Si
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhang JT, Wang ZM, Liang SB, Zhang YH, Zhou SL, Lu LQ, Wang RZ. Quantitative study on the fate of residual soil nitrate in winter wheat based on a 15N-labeling method. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171014. [PMID: 28170440 PMCID: PMC5295662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of surplus nitrogen (N), which primarily takes the form of nitrate, accumulates in the soil profile after harvesting crops from an intensive production system in the North China Plain. The residual soil nitrate (RSN) is a key factor that is included in the N recommendation algorithm. Quantifying the utilization and losses of RSN is a fundamental necessity for optimizing crop N management, improving N use efficiency, and reducing the impact derived from farmland N losses on the environment. In this study, a 15N-labeling method was introduced to study the fate of the RSN quantitatively during the winter wheat growing season by 15N tracer technique combined with a soil column study. A soil column with a 2 m height was vertically divided into 10 20-cm layers, and the RSN in each layer was individually labeled with a 15N tracer before the wheat was sown. The results indicated that approximately 17.68% of the crop N derived from RSN was located in the 0–2 m soil profile prior to wheat sowing. The wheat recovery proportions of RSN at various layers ranged from 0.21% to 33.46%. The percentages that still remained in the soil profile after the wheat harvest ranged from 47.08% to 75.44%, and 19.46–32.64% of the RSN was unaccounted for. Upward and downward movements in the RSN were observed, and the maximum upward and downward distances were 40 cm and 100 cm, respectively. In general, the 15N-labeling method contributes to a deeper understanding of the fates of the RSN. Considering the low crop recovery of the RSN from deep soil layers, water and N saving practices should be adopted during crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Zhang
- College of Agronomy & biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- College of Agronomy & biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Bo Liang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Ying-Hua Zhang
- College of Agronomy & biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy & biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lai-Qing Lu
- Wuqiao Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - Run-Zheng Wang
- Wuqiao Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Hebei, China
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Ma L, Wang L, Chu Y, Li X, Cui Y, Chen S, Zhou J, Li C, Lu Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Characterization of Chinese Haemophilus parasuis Isolates by Traditional Serotyping and Molecular Serotyping Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168903. [PMID: 28005999 PMCID: PMC5179118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is classified mainly through serotyping, but traditional serotyping always yields non-typable (NT) strains and unreliable results via cross-reactions. Here, we surveyed the serotype prevalence of Chinese H. parasuis isolates using traditional serotyping (gel immuno-diffusion test, GID) and molecular serotyping (multiplex PCR, mPCR). We also investigated why discrepant results between these methods were obtained, and investigated mPCR failure through whole-genome sequencing. Of the 100 isolate tested, 73 (73%) and 93 (93%) were serotyped by the GID test and mPCR, respectively, with a concordance rate of 66% (66/100). Additionally, mPCR reduced the number of NT isolates from 27 (27%) for the GID testing, to seven (7%). Eleven isolates were sequenced, including nine serotype-discrepant isolates from mPCR and GID typing (excluding strains that were NT by GID only) and two NT isolates from both methods, and their in silico serotypes were obtained from genome sequencing based on their capsule loci. The mPCR results were supported by the in silico serotyping of the seven serotype-discrepant isolates. The discrepant results and NT isolates determined by mPCR were attributed to deletions and unknown sequences in the serotype-specific region of each capsule locus. Compared with previous investigations, this study found a similar predominant serotype profile, but a different prevalence frequency for H. parasuis, and the five most prevalent serotypes or strain groups were serotypes 5, 4, NT, 7 and 13 for mPCR, and serotypes 5, NT, 4, 7 and 13/10/14 for GID. Additionally, serotype 7 was recognized as a principal serotype in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
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Zheng C, Zhu Y, Wang C, Guo T. Wheat Grain Yield Increase in Response to Pre-Anthesis Foliar Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine Is Dependent on Floret Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156627. [PMID: 27258059 PMCID: PMC4892633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat yield is largely determined during the period prior to flowering, when the final numbers of fertile florets and grains per spike are established. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of floret primordia development in winter wheat in response to pre-anthesis application of a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). We conducted an experiment in which two foliar spray treatments were applied (water or 6-BA) to Chinese winter wheat at 25 days after jointing during two growing seasons (2012–2013 and 2013–2014). Both the final grain number per spike and grain yield at maturity exhibited remarkable increases in response to the 6-BA treatment. Application of 6-BA increased the number of fertile florets in basal spikelets and, to a greater extent, in central spikelets. The mechanism by which 6-BA application affected the final number of fertile florets primarily involved suppression of the floret abortion rates. Application of 6-BA considerably reduced the abortion rates of basal, central and apical spikelet florets (by as much as 77% compared with the control), as well as the degeneration rates of basal and central spikelet florets, albeit to a lesser degree. The effect of 6-BA application on the likelihood of proximal florets being set was limited to the distal florets in the whole spike, whereas obvious increases in the likelihood of grain set under 6-BA treatment were observed in distal florets, primarily in central spikelet positions. The results of this study provide important evidence that 6-BA application to florets (final fertile floret production) results in an increased grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Zheng
- The College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yunji Zhu
- The College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chenyang Wang
- The College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- The College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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12
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Zhu QG, Wang MM, Gong ZY, Fang F, Sun NJ, Li X, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. Involvement of DkTGA1 Transcription Factor in Anaerobic Response Leading to Persimmon Fruit Postharvest De-Astringency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155916. [PMID: 27196670 PMCID: PMC4873192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruit are unique in accumulating proanthocyanidins (tannins) during development, which cause astringency in mature fruit. In ‘Mopanshi’ persimmon, astringency can be removed by treatment with 95% CO2, which increases the concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde by glycolysis, and precipitates the soluble tannin. A TGA transcription factor, DkTGA1, belonging to the bZIP super family, was isolated from an RNA-seq database and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that DkTGA1 was up-regulated by CO2 treatment, in concert with the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit. Dual-luciferase assay revealed that DkTGA1 had a small (less than 2-fold), but significant effect on the promoters of de-astringency-related genes DkADH1, DkPDC2 and DkPDC3, which encode enzymes catalyzing formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol. A combination of DkTGA1 and a second transcription factor, DkERF9, shown previously to be related to de-astringency, showed additive effects on the activation of the DkPDC2 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed that DkERF9, but not DkTGA1, could bind to the DkPDC2 promoter. Thus, although DkTGA1 expression is positively associated with persimmon fruit de-astringency, trans-activation analyses with DkPDC2 indicates it is likely to act by binding indirectly DkPDC2 promoter, might with helps of DkERF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Gao J, Xie Y, Jin H, Liu Y, Bai X, Ma D, Zhu Y, Wang C, Guo T. Nitrous Oxide Emission and Denitrifier Abundance in Two Agricultural Soils Amended with Crop Residues and Urea in the North China Plain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154773. [PMID: 27152647 PMCID: PMC4859468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of crop residues combined with Nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been broadly adopted in China. Crop residue amendments can provide readily available C and N, as well as other nutrients to agricultural soils, but also intensify the N fixation, further affecting N2O emissions. N2O pulses are obviously driven by rainfall, irrigation and fertilization. Fertilization before rainfall or followed by flooding irrigation is a general management practice for a wheat-maize rotation in the North China Plain. Yet, little is known on the impacts of crop residues combined with N fertilizer application on N2O emission under high soil moisture content. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two crop residue amendments (maize and wheat), individually or in combination with N fertilizer, on N2O emissions and denitrifier abundance in two main agricultural soils (one is an alluvial soil, pH 8.55, belongs to Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, OAC, the other is a lime concretion black soil, pH 6.61, belongs to Hapli-Aquic Vertosols, HAV) under 80% WFPS (the water filled pore space) in the North China Plain. Each type soil contains seven treatments: a control with no N fertilizer application (CK, N0), 200 kg N ha-1 (N200), 250 kg N ha-1 (N250), maize residue plus N200 (MN200), maize residue plus N250 (MN250), wheat residue plus N200 (WN200) and wheat residue plus N250 (WN250). Results showed that, in the HAV soil, MN250 and WN250 increased the cumulative N2O emissions by 60% and 30% compared with N250 treatment, respectively, but MN200 and WN200 decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by 20% and 50% compared with N200. In the OAC soil, compared with N200 or N250, WN200 and WN250 increased the cumulative N2O emission by 40%-50%, but MN200 and MN250 decreased the cumulative N2O emission by 10%-20%. Compared with CK, addition of crop residue or N fertilizer resulted in significant increases in N2O emissions in both soils. The cumulative N2O emissions from the treatments of 250 kg N ha-1 were 1.1–3.3 times higher than those of treatments with 200 kg N ha-1 in both soils with adding equal amounts of the same type of crop residue. Abundance of the 16S rRNA gene did not significantly change in all treatments in two soils, but the nosZ and nirS genes were more abundant in soils amended with crop residues compared with CK or N-only treatments. N2O emission, however, were not related to the abundance of denitrifier containing nirS or nosZ. The research provided some information regarding the effect of crop residues with N fertilizer on N2O emissions and denitrifier abundances in two soils. Our results imply the property of crop residue and rate of N fertilizer are important influencing factors of N2O emission when crop residues combined with N fertilizer are applied to different agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiyang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueying Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongyun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yunji Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- * E-mail:
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