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Farah C, Neveu MA, Bouzin C, Knezevic Z, Gallez B, Leucci E, Baurain JF, Mignion L, Jordan BF. Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate to Assess Response to Anti-PD1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in YUMMER 1.7 Melanoma Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032499. [PMID: 36768822 PMCID: PMC9917169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently no consensus to determine which advanced melanoma patients will benefit from immunotherapy, highlighting the critical need to identify early-response biomarkers to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vivo metabolic spectroscopy using hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate and 13C-glucose to assess early response to anti-PD1 therapy in the YUMMER1.7 syngeneic melanoma model. The xenografts showed a significant tumor growth delay when treated with two cycles of an anti-PD1 antibody compared to an isotype control antibody. 13C-MRS was performed in vivo after the injection of hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate, at baseline and after one cycle of immunotherapy, to evaluate early dynamic changes in 13C-pyruvate-13C-lactate exchange. Furthermore, ex vivo 13C-MRS metabolic tracing experiments were performed after U-13C-glucose injection following one cycle of immunotherapy. A significant decrease in the ratio of HP 13C-lactate to 13C-pyruvate was observed in vivo in comparison with the isotype control group, while there was a lack of change in the levels of 13C lactate and 13C alanine issued from 13C glucose infusion, following ex vivo assessment on resected tumors. Thus, these results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate could be used to assess early response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantale Farah
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Aline Neveu
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, K.U. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvai, (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zorica Knezevic
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, K.U. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (U.C. Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, K.U. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Baurain
- Molecular Imaging and Radiation Oncology (MIRO) Group, Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (U.C. Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (U.C. Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Cherix A, Sonti R, Lanz B, Lei H. In Vivo Metabolism of [1,6- 13C 2]Glucose Reveals Distinct Neuroenergetic Functionality between Mouse Hippocampus and Hypothalamus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010050. [PMID: 33445747 PMCID: PMC7828183 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy fuel for the brain, however, less is known about specificities of its metabolism in distinct cerebral areas. Here we examined the regional differences in glucose utilization between the hypothalamus and hippocampus using in vivo indirect 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-[13C]-MRS) upon infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose. Using a metabolic flux analysis with a 1-compartment mathematical model of brain metabolism, we report that compared to hippocampus, hypothalamus shows higher levels of aerobic glycolysis associated with a marked gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) and astrocytic metabolic dependence. In addition, our analysis suggests a higher rate of ATP production in hypothalamus that is accompanied by an excess of cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) production that does not fuel mitochondria via the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). In conclusion, our results reveal significant metabolic differences, which might be attributable to respective cell populations or functional features of both structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cherix
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.C.); (R.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.C.); (R.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.C.); (R.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongxia Lei
- Animal Imaging and Technology (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Yoshihara HAI, Bastiaansen JAM, Karlsson M, Lerche MH, Comment A, Schwitter J. Detection of myocardial medium-chain fatty acid oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity with hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]octanoate. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4243. [PMID: 31904900 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the heart mainly relies on fatty acid oxidation to meet its energy needs. Changes in myocardial fuel preference are noted in the diseased and failing heart. The magnetic resonance signal enhancement provided by spin hyperpolarization allows the metabolism of substrates labeled with carbon-13 to be followed in real time in vivo. Although the low water solubility of long-chain fatty acids abrogates their hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, medium-chain fatty acids have sufficient solubility to be efficiently polarized and dissolved. In this study, we investigated the applicability of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to measure myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism in vivo. Scanning rats infused with a bolus of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate, the primary metabolite observed in the heart was identified as [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine. Additionally, [5-13 C]glutamate and [5-13 C]citrate could be respectively resolved in seven and five of 31 experiments, demonstrating the incorporation of oxidation products of octanoate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A variable drop in blood pressure was observed immediately following the bolus injection, and this drop correlated with a decrease in normalized acetylcarnitine signal (acetylcarnitine/octanoate). Increasing the delay before infusion moderated the decrease in blood pressure, which was attributed to the presence of residual gas bubbles in the octanoate solution. No significant difference in normalized acetylcarnitine signal was apparent between fed and 12-hour fasted rats. Compared with a solution in buffer, the longitudinal relaxation of [1-13 C]octanoate was accelerated ~3-fold in blood and by the addition of serum albumin. These results demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]octanoate to probe myocardial medium-chain fatty acid metabolism as well as some of the limitations that may accompany its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cardiac MR Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Valente-Silva P, Lemos C, Köfalvi A, Cunha RA, Jones JG. Ketone bodies effectively compete with glucose for neuronal acetyl-CoA generation in rat hippocampal slices. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1111-1116. [PMID: 26174755 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ketone bodies can be used for cerebral energy generation in situ, when their availability is increased as during fasting or ingestion of a ketogenic diet. However, it is not known how effectively ketone bodies compete with glucose, lactate, and pyruvate for energy generation in the brain parenchyma. Hence, the contributions of exogenous 5.0 mM [1-(13)C]glucose and 1.0 mM [2-(13)C]lactate + 0.1 mM pyruvate (combined [2-(13)C]lactate + [2-(13)C]pyruvate) to acetyl-CoA production were measured both without and with 5.0 mM [U-(13)C]3-hydroxybutyrate in superfused rat hippocampal slices by (13)C NMR non-steady-state isotopomer analysis of tissue glutamate and GABA. Without [U-(13)C]3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, combined lactate + pyruvate, and unlabeled endogenous sources contributed (mean ± SEM) 70 ± 7%, 10 ± 2%, and 20 ± 8% of acetyl-CoA, respectively. With [U-(13)C]3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose contributions significantly fell from 70 ± 7% to 21 ± 3% (p < 0.0001), combined lactate + pyruvate and endogenous contributions were unchanged, and [U-(13)C]3-hydroxybutyrate became the major acetyl-CoA contributor (68 ± 3%)--about three-times higher than glucose. A direct analysis of the GABA carbon 2 multiplet revealed that [U-(13)C]3-hydroxybutyrate contributed approximately the same acetyl-CoA fraction as glucose, indicating that it was less avidly oxidized by GABAergic than glutamatergic neurons. The appearance of superfusate lactate derived from glycolysis of [1-(13)C]glucose did not decrease significantly in the presence of 3-hydroxybutyrate, hence total glycolytic flux (Krebs cycle inflow + exogenous lactate formation) was attenuated by 3-hydroxybutyrate. This indicates that, under these conditions, 3-hydroxybutyrate inhibited glycolytic flux upstream of pyruvate kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Valente-Silva
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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