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Wang J, Song JG, Zhong DL, Duan ZZ, Peng ZJ, Tang W, Song QY, Huang XJ, Hu LJ, Wang Y, Ye WC. Biomimetic Synthesis of an Antiviral Cinnamoylphloroglucinol Collection from Cleistocalyx operculatus: A Synthetic Strategy Based on Biogenetic Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312568. [PMID: 37848394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy based on biogenetic building blocks for the collective and divergent biomimetic synthesis of cleistoperlones A-F, a cinnamoylphloroglucinol collection discovered from Cleistocalyx operculatus, has been developed. These syntheses proceeded successfully in only six to seven steps starting from commercially available 1,3,5-benzenetriol and involving oxidative activation of stable biogenetic building blocks as a crucial step. Key features of the syntheses include a unique Michael addition/ketalization/1,6-addition/enol-keto tautomerism cascade reaction for the construction of the dihydropyrano[3,2-d]xanthene tetracyclic core of cleistoperlones A and B, and a rare inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition for the establishment of benzopyran ring in cleistoperlones D-F. Moreover, cleistoperlone A exhibited significant antiviral activity against acyclovir-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1/Blue and HSV-1/153).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Guo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Lin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Zhang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Jian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Kwon KW, Kim JW, Moon S, Yoon JH, Youn SH, Hyun SH, Kim HG, Kweon DH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng Relieves Inflammation and Modulates Immune Response Induced by Pseudo-Type SARS-CoV-2. Am J Chin Med 2023; 51:1361-1384. [PMID: 37489113 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the positive effects of KRG on other viruses have been reported and the effects of KRG on pulmonary inflammatory diseases have also been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of KRG-water extract (KRG-WE) in a pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 (PSV)-induced lung injury model. Constructing the pseudovirus, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice were infected via intranasal injection that had been orally administered with KRG-WE for six weeks. After 7-days post infection (dpi), the antiviral effects of KRG-WE were confirmed, followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). KRG-WE significantly inhibited an increase in immunoglobulin caused by PSV. Furthermore, KRG-WE effectively suppressed alveolar macrophages (AMs) inside the lungs and helped normalize the population of other immune cells. In addition, virus-induced gene expression and inflammatory signals such as nuclear factor-kappa B and other upstream molecules were downregulated. Moreover, KRG-WE also normalized gene expression and protein activity in the spleen. In conclusion, KRG-WE reduced AMs, normalized the immune response, and decreased the expression of inflammatory genes and activation of signaling pathway phosphorylation, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and attenuating lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woong Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Moon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Youn
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Wang H, Jia X, Zhang M, Cheng C, Liang X, Wang X, Xie F, Wang J, Yu Y, He Y, Dong Q, Wang Y, Xu A. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits virus replication and virus-mediated inflammation via NRF2 signaling. Phytomedicine 2023; 114:154786. [PMID: 37002973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor NRF2 is a master redox switch that regulates the cellular antioxidant response. However, recent advances have revealed new roles for NRF2, including the regulation of antiviral responses to various viruses, suggesting that pharmacological NRF2-activating agents may be a promising therapeutic drug for viral diseases. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a chalcone isolated from liquorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix) root, is reported to be a natural NRF2 agonist and has has antiviral activities against HCV (hepatitis C virus) and IAV (influenza A virus). However, the spectrum of antiviral activity and associated mechanism of ISL against other viruses are not well defined. PURPOSE This study investigated the antiviral activity and underlying mechanism of ISL against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), influenza A virus (H1N1), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). METHODS We evaluated the antiviral activity of ISL against VSV, H1N1, EMCV, and HSV-1 using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR analysis. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to investigate the potential antiviral mechanism of ISL. NRF2 knockout cells were used to investigate whether NRF2 is required for the antiviral activity of ISL. The anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activities of ISL were further measured by counting cell death ratio and assessing proinflammatory cytokines expression in virus-infected cells, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the antiviral effect of ISL in vivo by measuring the survival rate, body weights, histological analysis, viral load, and cytokine expression in VSV-infected mouse model. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that ISL effectively suppressed VSV, H1N1, HSV-1, and EMCV replication in vitro. The antiviral activity of ISL could be partially impaired in NRF2-deficient cells. Virus-induced cell death and proinflammatory cytokines were repressed by ISL. Finally, we showed that ISL treatment protected mice against VSV infection by reducing viral titers and suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ISL has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in virus infections, which are associated with its ability to activate NRF2 signaling, thus indicating that ISL has the potential to serve as an NRF2 agonist in the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiqin Cheng
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiutong Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Huang Y, Zhou W, Sun J, Ou G, Zhong NS, Liu Z. Exploring the Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of Hesperidin and Glucosyl Hesperidin against COVID-19 Based on Bioinformatics Analyses and Antiviral Assays. Am J Chin Med 2022; 50:351-369. [PMID: 35232329 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of anti-COVID-19 drugs has become the top priority since the outbreak of the epidemic, and Traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in reducing mortality. Here, hesperidin and its glycosylation product, glucosyl hesperidin were selected to determine their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 due to their structural specificity as reported. To be specific, their binding ability with ACE2, M, S, RBD and N proteins were verified with both in silico and wet lab methods, i.e., molecular docking and binding affinity tests, including biolayer interferometry assay (BLI) and isothermal titration calorimetry assay (ITC). Moreover, systematic pharmacological analysis was conducted to reveal their pharmacological mechanism in treating COVID-19. Finally, their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in vitro in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory. The results demonstrated their outstanding binding affinity with ACE2, M, S and RBD proteins, while showed barely unobserved binding with N protein, indicating their key roles in influencing the invasion and early replication phase of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, both hesperidin and glucosyl hesperidin were shown to have a great impact on immune, inflammation and virus infection induced by COVID-19 according to the systematic pharmacological analysis. Moreover, the IC50s of hesperidin and glucosyl hesperidin against SARS-CoV-2 were further determined (51.5 [Formula: see text]M and 5.5 mM, respectively) with cell-based in vitro assay, suggesting their great anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. All in all, present research was the first to verify the binding ability of hesperidin and glucosyl hesperidin with SARS-CoV-2 proteins with both in silico and wet-lab methods and proposed the possibility of applying hesperidin and glucosyl hesperidin to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ou
- Jiangmen palace International Food, Inc., Jiangmen 529000, P. R. China
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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Botta L, Cesarini S, Zippilli C, Bizzarri BM, Fanelli A, Saladino R. Multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of antiviral compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2013-2050. [PMID: 34620058 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211007121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent reactions are one-pot processes for the synthesis of highly functionalized hetero-cyclic and hetero-acyclic compounds, often endowed with biological activity. OBJECTIVE Multicomponent reactions are considered green processes with high atom economy. In addition, they present advantages compared to the classic synthetic methods such as high efficiency and low wastes production. METHOD In these reactions two or more reagents are combined together in the same flask to yield a product containing almost all the atoms of the starting materials. RESULTS The scope of this review is to present an overview of the application of multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of compounds endowed with antiviral activity. The syntheses are classified depending on the viral target. CONCLUSION Multicomponent reactions can be applied to all the stages of the drug discovery and development process making them very useful in the search for new agents active against emerging (viral) pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Botta
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Silvia Cesarini
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Claudio Zippilli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | | | - Angelica Fanelli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
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Enderle AG, Bosso M, Groß R, Heiland M, Bollini M, Culzoni MJ, Kirchhoff F, Münch J, Streb C. Increased in vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Caffeinium-Functionalized Polyoxometalates. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2727-2730. [PMID: 33908695 PMCID: PMC8518980 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs), molecular metal oxide anions, are inorganic clusters with promising antiviral activity. Herein we report increased anti-HIV-1 activity of a POM when electrostatically combined with organic counter-cations. To this end, Keggin-type cerium tungstate POMs have been combined with organic methyl-caffeinium (Caf) cations, and their cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and mode of action have been studied. The novel compound, Caf4 K[β2 -CeSiW11 O39 ]×H2 O, exhibits sub-nanomolar antiviral activity and inhibits HIV-1 infectivity by acting on an early step of the viral infection cycle. This work demonstrates that combination of POM anions and organic bioactive cations can be a powerful new strategy to increase antiviral activity of these inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Enderle
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Medicinal Chemistry LabCentro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), CONICETGodoy Cruz, 2390C1425FQDCiudad de Buenos AiresArgentina
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)Universidad Nacional del Litoral – CONICETCiudad UniversitariaParaje El Pozo, CC242S3000Santa FeArgentina
| | - Matteo Bosso
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstraße 189081UlmGermany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstraße 189081UlmGermany
| | - Magdalena Heiland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Medicinal Chemistry LabCentro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), CONICETGodoy Cruz, 2390C1425FQDCiudad de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - María J. Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)Universidad Nacional del Litoral – CONICETCiudad UniversitariaParaje El Pozo, CC242S3000Santa FeArgentina
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstraße 189081UlmGermany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterMeyerhofstraße 189081UlmGermany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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Yedjou CG, Njiki S, Enow J, Ikome O, Latinwo L, Long R, Ngnepieba P, Alo RA, Tchounwou PB. Pharmacological Effects of Selected Medicinal Plants and Vitamins Against COVID-19. J Food Nutr (Frisco) 2021; 7:202. [PMID: 34395868 PMCID: PMC8362927 DOI: 10.17303/jfn.2021.7.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a serious disease that has caused multiple deaths in various countries in the world. Globally, as of May 23, 2021, the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 have reach 166,346,635 with a total of 3,449,117 deaths. Several recent scientific studies have shown that medicinal plants and vitamins can benefit and improve the health of COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of medicinal plants and vitamins in the treatment of COVID-19 remain unproven. Therefore, the objective of this article is to expounds the benefits of using medicinal plants (Allium sativum, curcumin, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officitale) and vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin D) that possess the antiviral properties for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. To reach our objective, we searched scientific databases of ongoing trials in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites, PubMed Central, Medline databases, and Google Scholar websites. We also searched databases on World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to collect relevant papers. We found that all of the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess antiviral activities, and their individual intake shows promise for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. We conclude that, the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess anti-viral properties that are more likely to prevent and/or disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, enhance the human immune system and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Juliet Enow
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, United States
| | - Otto Ikome
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Pierre Ngnepieba
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard A Alo
- Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
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Guan Y, Wang D, Tan GT, Van Hung N, Cuong NM, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Soejarto DD, Zhang H. Litsea Species as Potential Antiviral Plant Sources. Am J Chin Med 2016; 44:275-90. [PMID: 27080941 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Litsea verticillata Hance (Lauraceae), a Chinese medicine used to treat swelling caused by injury or by snake bites, was the first plant identified by our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) project to exhibit anti-HIV activities. From this plant, we discovered a class of 8 novel litseane compounds, prototypic sesquiterpenes, all of which demonstrated anti-HIV activities. In subsequent studies, 26 additional compounds of different structural types were identified. During our continuing investigation of this plant species, we identified two new litseanes, litseaverticillols L and M, and a new sesquiterpene butenolide, litseasesquibutenolide. Litseaverticillols L and M were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, with an IC[Formula: see text] value of 49.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. To further determine the antiviral properties of this plant, several relatively abundant isolates, including a litseane compound, two eudesmane sesquiterpenes and three lignans, were evaluated against an additional 21 viral targets. Lignans 8 and 9 were shown to be active against the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), with EC[Formula: see text] values of 22.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and 16.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Since many antiviral compounds have been discovered in L. verticillata, we further prepared 38 plant extracts made from the different plant parts of 9 additional Litsea species. These extracts were evaluated for their anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities, and four of the extracts, which ranged across three different species, displayed 97-100% inhibitory effects against HIV replication without showing cytotoxicity to a panel of human cell lines at a concentration of 20 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Guan
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ghee T Tan
- ‡ The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., HI 96720-4091, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Hung
- § Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - John M Pezzuto
- ‡ The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., HI 96720-4091, USA
| | - Harry H S Fong
- ∥ Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Djaja Doel Soejarto
- ∥ Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago IL 60612, USA.,** Science and Education, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Sore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Rezatofighi SE, Seydabadi A, Seyyed Nejad SM. Evaluating the Efficacy of Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris Extracts Against Newcastle Disease Virus in Ovo. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9016. [PMID: 25147678 PMCID: PMC4138681 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays natural products such as pure compounds and plant extract scan provide unlimited opportunities for new antiviral drugs. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important viral diseases in poultry industry. Vaccination could provide protection against NDV outbreaks, but it is not sufficient because infections by NDVs have remained frequent around the world. Objectives: The current research aimed to study Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Materials and Methods: The antiviral activity of the plants was measured by the reduction assay of viral titer, and explained by inhibition percentage (IP). Results: Inhibition percentage was determined as 10 1.75, which indicated the ability of the extracts to reduce the viral potency by more than 56 folds. Conclusions: Both plants were found effective against Newcastle disease virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran, Tel:+98-6113331045, Fax:+98-6113331045, E-mail:
| | - Akram Seydabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Yavorskii AÉ, Turov AV, Gogoman IV, Sobko AI, Tatskaya VN, Kvachev VG, Florent'ev VL. Acyclic analogs of nucleosides. Synthesis and in vitro antiviral activity of hydroxyalkyl-2-(trifluoromethylthiomethyl) benzimidazoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1989; 25:410-413. [PMID: 32214415 PMCID: PMC7087781 DOI: 10.1007/bf00480754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/1987] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a search for novel antiviral compounds of the 'doubly modified' nucleoside type, we have prepared 1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxabutyl)-, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabutyl)-, 1-(4-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethy1-2-oxabutyl)-, 1-(4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxabutyl), 1-(4,5-dihydroxy-2-oxapentyl)-, 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxapentyl), 1-(5-hydroxy-1-chloromethyl-2-oxapentyl)-, and 1-(6-hydroxy-1-chloromethyl-2-oxahexyl)-2-(trifluoromethylthiomethyl)benzimidazole. They were obtained by condensing the trimethylsilyl derivative of 2-(trifluoromethylthiomethyl) benzimidazole with alkylating agents in the presence of an equimolar mixture of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trimethylchlorosilane. These nucleoside analogs showed moderate antiviral activity against some RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A É Yavorskii
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - A V Turov
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - I V Gogoman
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - A I Sobko
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - V N Tatskaya
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - V G Kvachev
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
| | - V L Florent'ev
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 117984 Moscow
- 2Kiev State University, 252017 Kiev
- Ukrainian Veterinary Research Institute, 252000 Kiev
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Yavorskii AÉ, Reshot'ko LN, Kucheryavenko AA, Florent'ev VL. Synthesis and antiviral activity of hydroxyalkyl-2-benzyl-and 2-[α-hydroxy-benzyl]benzimidazoles. Pharm Chem J 1988; 22:557-60. [PMID: 32214532 DOI: 10.1007/BF00763529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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