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van Moorsel D, Hansen J, Havekes B, Scheer FAJL, Jörgensen JA, Hoeks J, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Duez H, Lefebvre P, Schaper NC, Hesselink MKC, Staels B, Schrauwen P. Demonstration of a day-night rhythm in human skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Mol Metab 2016; 5:635-645. [PMID: 27656401 PMCID: PMC5021670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A disturbed day-night rhythm is associated with metabolic perturbations that can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In skeletal muscle, a reduced oxidative capacity is also associated with the development of T2DM. However, whether oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle displays a day-night rhythm in humans has so far not been investigated. METHODS Lean, healthy subjects were enrolled in a standardized living protocol with regular meals, physical activity and sleep to reflect our everyday lifestyle. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was examined in skeletal muscle biopsies taken at five time points within a 24-hour period. RESULTS Core-body temperature was lower during the early night, confirming a normal day-night rhythm. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity demonstrated a robust day-night rhythm, with a significant time effect in ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3 MO, state 3 MOG and state 3 MOGS, p < 0.05). Respiration was lowest at 1 PM and highest at 11 PM (state 3 MOGS: 80.6 ± 4.0 vs. 95.8 ± 4.7 pmol/mg/s). Interestingly, the fluctuation in mitochondrial function was also observed in whole-body energy expenditure, with peak energy expenditure at 11 PM and lowest energy expenditure at 4 AM (p < 0.001). In addition, we demonstrate rhythmicity in mRNA expression of molecular clock genes in human skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the biological clock drives robust rhythms in human skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. It is tempting to speculate that disruption of these rhythms contribute to the deterioration of metabolic health associated with circadian misalignment.
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Key Words
- BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1
- BMI, body mass index
- Biological rhythm
- CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput
- CRY, cryptochrome
- Energy metabolism
- FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
- Mitochondria
- Molecular clock
- NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- Oxidative capacity
- PER, period
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- RT-QPCR, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skeletal muscle
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Moorsel
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hansen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Duez
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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