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Shaheen S, Khalid S, Aaliya K, Gul A, Hafeez A, Armaghan M, Almarhoon ZM, Calina D, Khan K, Sharifi-Rad J. Insights into Nimbolide molecular crosstalk and its anticancer properties. Med Oncol 2024; 41:158. [PMID: 38761317 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nimbolide, one of the main ingredients constituent of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract, has garnered attention for its potential as an anticancer agent. Its efficacy against various cancers and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated through numerous in vivo and in vitro studies. This updated review aims to comprehensively explore the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of nimbolide, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications in oncology. The review synthesizes evidence from various studies that examine nimbolide's roles in apoptosis induction, anti-proliferation, cell death, metastasis inhibition, angiogenesis suppression, and modulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Nimbolide exhibits multifaceted anticancer activities, including the modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, invasion, survival, growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its pharmacological development is still in the early stages, mainly due to limited pharmacokinetic and comprehensive long-term toxicological studies. Nimbolide shows promising anticancer and chemopreventive properties, but there is need for systematic preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicological research. Such studies are essential for establishing safe dosage ranges for first-in-human clinical trials and further advancing nimbolide's development as a therapeutic agent against various cancers. The review highlights the potential of nimbolide in cancer treatment and underscores the importance of rigorous preclinical evaluation to realize its full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Aaliya
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Gul
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Hafeez
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Armaghan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Trials360, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Morabbi A, Karimian M. Trace and essential elements as vital components to improve the performance of the male reproductive system: Implications in cell signaling pathways. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127403. [PMID: 38340548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Successful male fertilization requires the main processes such as normal spermatogenesis, sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction. The progress of these processes depends on some endogenous and exogenous factors. So, the optimal level of ions and essential and rare elements such as selenium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, and so on in various types of cells of the reproductive system could affect conception and male fertility rates. The function of trace elements in the male reproductive system could be exerted through some cellular and molecular processes, such as the management of active oxygen species, involvement in the action of membrane channels, regulation of enzyme activity, regulation of gene expression and hormone levels, and modulation of signaling cascades. In this review, we aim to summarize the available evidence on the role of trace elements in improving male reproductive performance. Also, special attention is paid to the cellular aspects and the involved molecular signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Morabbi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Bai P, Fan T, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhong R, Sun G. Modulating MGMT expression through interfering with cell signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115726. [PMID: 37524206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Guanine O6-alkylating agents are widely used as first-line chemotherapeutic drugs due to their ability to induce cytotoxic DNA damage. However, a major hurdle in their effectiveness is the emergence of chemoresistance, largely attributed to the DNA repair pathway mediated by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT plays an important role in removing the alkyl groups from lethal O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkylG) adducts formed by chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. By doing so, MGMT enables tumor cells to evade apoptosis and develop drug resistance toward DNA alkylating agents. Although covalent inhibitors of MGMT, such as O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) and O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (O6-4-BTG or lomeguatrib), have been explored in clinical settings, their utility is limited due to severe delayed hematological toxicity observed in most patients when combined with alkylating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new targets and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and to develop alternative therapeutic strategies that can overcome MGMT-mediated tumor resistance. In this context, the regulation of MGMT expression via interfering the specific cell signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) emerges as a promising strategy for overcoming tumor resistance, and ultimately enhancing the efficacy of DNA alkylating agents in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Pharmaceutical University of Staff and Workers, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Hanson AM, Kittilson JD, Sheridan MA. Environmental estrogens inhibit insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor mRNA expression, IGF binding, and IGF signaling ex vivo in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114125. [PMID: 36116484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used juvenile rainbow trout to examine the direct effects of selected environmental estrogens (EE), specifically, 17 β-estradiol (E2), β-sitosterol (βS), and 4-n-nonylphenol (NP), on target tissue sensitivity to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) as assessed by expression of IGF receptor type 1 (IGFR1) mRNAs and IGF-1 binding capacity, as well as on the cell signaling pathways through which EE exert their effects. E2 and NP inhibited IGFR1A and IGFR1B mRNA expression in a time- and concentration-related manner in gill and muscle; however, βS had no effect on expression of IGFR1 mRNAs in either tissue. NP reduced 125I-IGF binding in gill and E2 and NP reduced 125I-IGF in white muscle; βS had no effect on 125I-IGF binding in either gill or white muscle. Treatment of gill filaments with either E2 or NP rapidly deactivated (via reduced proportion of phosphorylation) JAK2, STAT5, Akt, and ERK; βS had no effect on the activation state of any cell signaling elements tested. The effects of EE on IGFR mRNA expression in gill were estrogen receptor (ER) dependent as the inhibitory effects were rescued by the ER antagonist, ICI 182,780. All EE tested blocked growth hormone (GH)-stimulated IGFR mRNA expression in gill filaments. GH-stimulated activation of JAK2, STAT5, Akt, and ERK were blocked by E2, βS, and NP. Lastly, E2 and NP stimulated suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS-2) mRNA expression, an effect that also was ER dependent. These results indicate that EE directly reduce the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to IGF by reducing mRNA and functional expression of IGFRs. Such inhibitory actions of EE are mediated, at least in part, by ER-dependent mechanisms that deactivate JAK, STAT, Akt, and ERK and enhance expression of SOCS-2. These findings together with our previous results show that EE retard growth of post-embryonic rainbow trout through widespread direct effects on the GH-IGF system, specifically, by reducing tissue sensitivity to GH, inhibiting IGF production, reducing tissue sensitivity to IGF, and by deactivating post-receptor IGF cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Kittilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, USA
| | - Mark A Sheridan
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress, patients with metastatic prostate cancer continue to have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer care for many tumor types but has a limited role in the treatment of prostate cancer. This review discusses the promise of immunotherapy in prostate cancer treatment with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Most prostate tumors have low tumor mutational burden and lack immunogenicity, representing significant hurdles to induction of anti-tumor immunity. However, recent research centered on deciphering key mechanisms of immune resistance in the prostate tumor microenvironment has led to the discovery of a range of new treatment targets. These discoveries are currently being translated into innovative immunotherapy clinical trials for patients with prostate cancer. Recent progress includes early evidence of activity for these novel approaches and the identification of potential predictive biomarkers of response. Novel treatment strategies using new antigen-directed therapies, drugs targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and combination immunotherapy therapies show great potential and are currently in clinical development. In addition, a deeper understanding of predictors of response and resistance to immunotherapy in prostate cancer is allowing for a more personalized approach to therapy.
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de Sá Pereira BM, Montalvão de Azevedo R, da Silva Guerra JV, Faria PA, Soares-Lima SC, De Camargo B, Maschietto M. Non-coding RNAs in Wilms' tumor: biological function, mechanism, and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1043-1055. [PMID: 33950291 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are involved with maintenance and regulation of physiological mechanisms and are involved in pathological processes, such as cancer. Among the small ncRNAs, miRNAs are the most explored in tumorigenesis, metastasis development, and resistance to chemotherapy. These small molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides are modulated during early renal development, involved in the regulation of gene expression and Wilms' tumor progression. Wilms' tumors are embryonic tumors with few mutations and complex epigenetic dysregulation. In recent years, the small ncRNAs have been explored as potentially related both in physiological development and in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. Besides, genes regulated by miRNAs are related to biological pathways as PI3K, Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo signaling pathways, among others, which may be involved with the underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, and in this way, it has emerged as potential targets for cancer therapies, including for Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Montalvão de Azevedo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Current institution: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Faria
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Current: Research Institute, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Rua Dr. Gabriel Porto, 1270 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-210, Brazil.
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Phonbuppha J, Tinikul R, Chaiyen P. Use of Bacterial Luciferase as a Reporter Gene in Eukaryotic Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2274:53-65. [PMID: 34050462 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1258-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Reporter gene assays are powerful tools for monitoring dynamic molecular changes and for evaluating the responses that occur at the genetic elements within cells in response to exogenous molecules. In general, various protein systems can be used as reporter genes, including luciferases. Here, the present protocol introduces a unique reporter gene system for monitoring molecular events in cells using bacterial luciferase (lux), which can generate blue-green light suitable for gene reporter applications with the highest cost performance. The protocol also guides the assay conditions and necessary components for using of lux gene (lux) as a eukaryotic reporter system. The lux system can be applied to monitor variety of molecular events inside mammalian cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
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Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Paganelli F, Marmiroli S, Martelli AM. Crosstalks of GSK3 signaling with the mTOR network and effects on targeted therapy of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1867:118635. [PMID: 31884070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of therapeutics targeting specific tumor-promoting oncogenic or non-oncogenic signaling pathways has revolutionized cancer treatment. Mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR), a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase, is a central hub of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR network, one of the most frequently deregulated signaling pathways in cancer, that makes it an attractive target for therapy. Numerous mTOR inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials and two of them have been officially approved as anticancer therapeutics. However, mTOR-targeting drugs have met with a very limited success in cancer patients. Frequently, the primary impediment to a successful targeted therapy in cancer is drug-resistance, either from the very beginning of the therapy (innate resistance) or after an initial response and upon repeated drug treatment (evasive or acquired resistance). Drug-resistance leads to treatment failure and relapse/progression of the disease. Resistance to mTOR inhibitors depends, among other reasons, on activation/deactivation of several signaling pathways, included those regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), a protein that targets a vast number of substrates in its repertoire, thereby orchestrating many processes that include cell proliferation and survival, metabolism, differentiation, and stemness. A detailed knowledge of the rewiring of signaling pathways triggered by exposure to mTOR inhibitors is critical to our understanding of the consequences such perturbations cause in tumors, including the emergence of drug-resistant cells. Here, we provide the reader with an updated overview of intricate circuitries that connect mTOR and GSK3 and we relate them to the efficacy (or lack of efficacy) of mTOR inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolical, and Neurological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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Paganelli F, Lonetti A, Anselmi L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F. New advances in targeting aberrant signaling pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100649. [PMID: 31523031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disorder characterized by malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Over the past 15 years, advances in the molecular characterization of T-ALL have uncovered oncogenic key drivers and crucial signaling pathways of this disease, opening new chances for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, T-ALL patients are still treated with aggressive therapies, consisting of high dose multiagent chemotherapy. To minimize and overcome the unfavorable effects of these regimens, it is critical to identify innovative targets and test selective inhibitors of such targets. Major efforts are being made to develop small molecules against deregulated signaling pathways, which sustain T-ALL cell growth, survival, metabolism, and drug-resistance. This review will focus on recent improvements in the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and on the challenging opportunities for T-ALL targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paganelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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12
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Zhao H, Yu X, Tang XS, He F, Yang YD, Xiong Y, Hu ZG, Xu L. [Relationship between inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β and TNF-α and intervertebral disc degeneration]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018; 30:866-871. [PMID: 29455492 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0034.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β and TNF-α participate in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration is focused by the spine surgeons. Inflammatory cytokines represented by IL-1β and TNF-α act as the key factors in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration resulting in low back pain and radicular symptoms. Annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus can secrete TNF-α and IL-1β under the stimulation of mechanical injury, overstressed, genetic susceptibility and infection. The mechanism of inflammatory cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration needs further investigation. The emphasis of researches will be on the inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of mechanism in the intervertebral disc degeneration, molecular targeted therapy, cell signaling pathways and the best time of anti-inflammatory therapy providing more evidence in the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Xian-Sheng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of Beijing, Beijing 100700, China
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Yang D, Xu JH, Shi RJ. Root extractive from Daphne genkwa benefits in wound healing of anal fistula through up-regulation of collagen genes in human skin fibroblasts. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170182. [PMID: 28396516 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20170182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is the main problem in the therapy of anal fistula (AF). Daphne genkwa root has been traditionally used as an agent to soak sutures in operation of AF patients, but its function in wound healing remains largely unclear. The aim of the present study was to illuminate mechanisms of D. genkwa root treatment on AF. In the present study, 60 AF patients after surgery were randomly divided into two groups, external applied with or without the D. genkwa extractive. Wound healing times were compared and granulation tissues were collected. In vitro, we constructed damaged human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) with the treatment of TNF-α (10 μg/ml). Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the effects of D. genkwa root extractive on cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis of damaged HSFs. Furthermore, protein levels of TGF-β, COL1A1, COL3A1, Timp-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 (MMP-3) and MEK/ERK signalling pathways were investigated both in vivo and in vitro Results showed that D. genkwa root extractive greatly shortens the wound healing time in AF patients. In granulation tissues and HSFs, treatment with the extractive significantly elevated the expressions of COL1A1, COL3A1, Timp-1, c-fos and Cyclin D1, while reduced the expression of MMP-3 Further detection presented that MEK/ERK signalling was activated after the stimulation of extractive in HSFs. Our study demonstrated that extractive from D. genkwa root could effectively improve wound healing in patients with AF via the up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation and expressions of COL1A1 and COL3A1.
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Reis MS, Noël V, Dias MH, Albuquerque LL, Guimarães AS, Wu L, Barrera J, Armelin HA. An Interdisciplinary Approach for Designing Kinetic Models of the Ras/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1636:455-474. [PMID: 28730496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7154-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present in this article a methodology for designing kinetic models of molecular signaling networks, which was exemplarily applied for modeling one of the Ras/MAPK signaling pathways in the mouse Y1 adrenocortical cell line. The methodology is interdisciplinary, that is, it was developed in a way that both dry and wet lab teams worked together along the whole modeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Reis
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vincent Noël
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layra L Albuquerque
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Guimarães
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lulu Wu
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junior Barrera
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
The reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is to use highly specific antibodies to interrogate pan or posttranslationally modified protein targets, such as phosphorylated proteins, particularly the proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. In this protocol we will cover the preparation of cell (or tissue) lysates, sample printing, antibody validation, antibody interrogation, signal amplification steps, imaging and data analysis. In this protocol, colorimetric catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) chemistry, fluorescence and near-infrared (NIR) based detection methods will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Hongting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
- National Pharmacology Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mikala Heon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is a major alkaloid compound extracted from the dry unripened fruit Evodiae fructus (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., Rutaceae). EVO has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-allergenic, analgesic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcerogenic, and neuroprotective activities. EVO has varying efficacies in animal models and humans. Here, the physicochemical properties of EVO are presented, and the EVO's functions and mechanisms of action in various chronic diseases are reviewed. EVO is worth exploring in more depth in the future for its potential use in various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Csáti A, Edvinsson L, Vécsei L, Toldi J, Fülöp F, Tajti J, Warfvinge K. Kynurenic acid modulates experimentally induced inflammation in the trigeminal ganglion. J Headache Pain 2015; 16:99. [PMID: 26627709 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-015-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The trigeminal ganglion (TG) plays a central role in cranial pain. Administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) elicits activation of TG. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid receptor blocker, which may have an anti-inflammatory effect. We hypothesize that KYNA may reduce CFA-induced activation within the TG. Methods A local inflammation was induced by administration of CFA into the TMJ in rats. KYNA and kynurenic acid amide 2 (KYNAA2) were intraperitoneally administered. We investigated changes of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs as ERK1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK), NF-κB, CaMKII and DREAM, in addition to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor components calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) in the TG, with immunohistochemistry and Western blot at 2 and 10 days post-CFA injection. Results We showed CFA-induces increases in pERK1/2, pp38, CaMKII, NF-κB and DREAM immunohistochemistry after 2 and 10 days. KYNAA2 displayed stronger effects on MAPKs than KYNA. Increased expression of CaMKII, NF-κB and DREAM were found in the neurons. Western blot showed significantly increase in pERK expression at 10 days post-CFA, which decreased after 10 days of KYNA treatment. Two days post-CFA, a significantly increase in pp38 expression was found, which decreased after 2 days of KYNA and KYNAA2 treatment. Conclusions The CFA-induced inflammatory model for the TG activation provided a time-related expression of MAPK (pERK1/2, pp38) and NF-κB. It involves both the neuronal and glial activation, which points to possible neuron-glia interactions during this process. The administration of the endogenous NMDA-receptor antagonists, KYNA and its derivative KYNAA2, resulted in the inhibition of the induced signaling system of the TG, which further points the importance of the glutamate receptors in this mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0581-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Maiti A, Brown RE, Corn PG, Murthy R, Ganeshan DM, Tsimberidou AM, Subbiah V. Antitumor Response to Combined Antiangiogenic and Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Recurrent Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: Response Signatures and Proteomic Correlates. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 14:e187-93. [PMID: 26684814 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Paul G Corn
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ravi Murthy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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