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Shen L, Lee S, Joo JC, Hong E, Cui ZY, Jo E, Park SJ, Jang HJ. Chelidonium majus Induces Apoptosis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells via ATF3-Mediated Regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:493-503. [PMID: 35283423 PMCID: PMC9628819 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor 3a (Foxo3a) is believed to be a tumor suppressor as its inactivation leads to cell transformation and tumor development. However, further investigation is required regarding the involvement of the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-mediated Tat-interactive protein 60 (Tip60)/Foxo3a pathway in cancer cell apoptosis. This study demonstrated that Chelidonium majus upregulated the expression of ATF3 and Tip60 and promoted Foxo3a nuclear translocation, ultimately increasing the level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein. ATF3 overexpression stimulated Tip60 expression, while ATF3 inhibition by siRNA repressed Tip60 expression. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated Tip60 inhibition significantly promoted Foxo3a phosphorylation, leading to blockade of Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus. Thus, we were able to deduce that ATF3 mediates the regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Foxo3a inhibition suppressed the expression of Bax and subsequent apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Chelidonium majus induces SKOV-3 cell death by increasing ATF3 levels and its downstream proteins Tip60 and Foxo3a. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of Chelidonium majus against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Yang Cui
- Rehabilitation Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, P.R. China
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54987, Republic of Korea,
S.J. Park Phone: +82-63-220-8676 E-mail:
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J. Jang Phone: +42-860-4563 E-mail:
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Ra Kasem N, A Mannaa F, G Abdel-Wahhab K, H Mourad H, F Gomaa H. Preventive Efficiency of Chelidonium majus Ethanolic Extract Against Aflatoxin B 1 Induced Neurochemical Deteriorations in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:234-244. [PMID: 35234014 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.234.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Aflatoxins affect many species including humans and animals, therefore the present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> Ethanolic Extract (CMEE) on neurotoxicity induced by Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB1) in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Four groups of male Albino rats were treated orally for 28 days as follows: (1) Control group was daily given DMSO-PBS buffer (1.0 mL per rat), (2) CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer, (3) AFB1 (80 μg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer and (4) Received daily AFB1 (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) in combination with CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>). <b>Results:</b> CMEE exhibits antioxidant activity <i>in vitro</i> and neuroameliorative efficiency <i>in vivo</i> as its administration in combination with AFB1 succeeded significantly in down regulating the elevated levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers and restoring the values of neurochemical markers (AChE-ase, dopamine and serotonin) that were deteriorated by AFB1 intake. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of CMEE may be mediated through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity that proved from the data<i> </i>of ferric-reducing power ability and DPPH radical scavenging activity.
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Zielińska S, Matkowski A, Dydak K, Czerwińska ME, Dziągwa-Becker M, Kucharski M, Wójciak M, Sowa I, Plińska S, Fijałkowski K, Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Broda M, Gorczyca D, Junka A. Bacterial Nanocellulose Fortified with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products from Chelidonium majus Plant Cell Cultures. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:ma15010016. [PMID: 35009165 PMCID: PMC8746069 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we developed a bi-functional Bacterial-Nano-Cellulose (BNC) carrier system for cell cultures of Chelidonium majus-a medicinal plant producing antimicrobial compounds. The porous BNC was biosynthesized for 3, 5 or 7 days by the non-pathogenic Komagataeibacter xylinus bacteria and used in three forms: (1) Without removal of K. xylinus cells, (2) partially cleaned up from the remaining K. xylinus cells using water washing and (3) fully purified with NaOH leaving no bacterial cells remains. The suspended C. majus cells were inoculated on the BNC pieces in liquid medium and the functionalized BNC was harvested and subjected to scanning electron microscopy observation and analyzed for the content of C. majus metabolites as well as to antimicrobial assays and tested for potential proinflammatory irritating activity in human neutrophils. The highest content and the most complex composition of pharmacologically active substances was found in 3-day-old, unpurified BNC, which was tested for its bioactivity. The assays based on the IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α secretion in an in vitro model showed an anti-inflammatory effect of this particular biomatrix. Moreover, 3-day-old-BNC displayed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The results of the research indicated a possible application of such modified composites, against microbial pathogens, especially in local surface infections, where plant metabolite-enriched BNC may be used as the occlusive dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-840-498
| | - Karolina Dydak
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.D.); (A.J.)
| | - Monika Ewa Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariusz Kucharski
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Stanisława Plińska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.F.); (D.C.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.F.); (D.C.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Michał Broda
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (K.F.); (D.C.-J.); (M.B.)
- Pomeranian-Masurian Potato Breeding Company, 76-024 Strzekęcino, Poland
| | - Damian Gorczyca
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.D.); (A.J.)
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Gracz-Bernaciak J, Mazur O, Nawrot R. Functional Studies of Plant Latex as a Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds: Focus on Proteins and Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12427. [PMID: 34830309 PMCID: PMC8620047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Latex, a sticky emulsion produced by specialized cells called laticifers, is a crucial part of a plant's defense system against herbivory and pathogens. It consists of a broad spectrum of active compounds, which are beneficial not only for plants, but for human health as well, enough to mention the use of morphine or codeine from poppy latex. Here, we reviewed latex's general role in plant physiology and the significance of particular compounds (alkaloids and proteins) to its defense system with the example of Chelidonium majus L. from the poppy family. We further attempt to present latex chemicals used so far in medicine and then focus on functional studies of proteins and other compounds with potential pharmacological activities using modern techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Despite the centuries-old tradition of using latex-bearing plants in therapies, there are still a lot of promising molecules waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Nawrot
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (J.G.-B.); (O.M.)
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Nawrot R, Warowicka A, Rudzki PJ, Musidlak O, Dolata KM, Musijowski J, Stolarczyk EU, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Combined Protein and Alkaloid Research of Chelidonium majus Latex Reveals CmMLP1 Accompanied by Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Potential to Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111838. [PMID: 34769268 PMCID: PMC8584587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. is a latex-bearing plant used in traditional folk medicine to treat human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused warts, papillae, and condylomas. Its latex and extracts are rich in many low-molecular compounds and proteins, but there is little or no information on their potential interaction. We describe the isolation and identification of a novel major latex protein (CmMLP1) composed of 147 amino acids and present a model of its structure containing a conserved hydrophobic cavity with high affinity to berberine, 8-hydroxycheleritrine, and dihydroberberine. CmMLP1 and the accompanying three alkaloids were present in the eluted chromatographic fractions of latex. They decreased in vitro viability of human cervical cancer cells (HPV-negative and HPV-positive). We combined, for the first time, research on macromolecular and low-molecular-weight compounds of latex-bearing plants in contrast to other studies that investigated proteins and alkaloids separately. The observed interaction between latex protein and alkaloids may influence our knowledge on plant defense. The proposed toolbox may help in further understanding of plant disease resistance and in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nawrot
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-829-5931
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Józef Rudzki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Oskar Musidlak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Jacek Musijowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Urszula Stolarczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
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Krizhanovska V, Sile I, Kronberga A, Nakurte I, Mezaka I, Dambrova M, Pugovics O, Grinberga S. The Cultivation of Chelidonium majus L. Increased the Total Alkaloid Content and Cytotoxic Activity Compared with Those of Wild-Grown Plants. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091971. [PMID: 34579502 PMCID: PMC8467419 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cultivation practises on both the phytochemical profile and biological activity of aqueous ethanol extracts of Chelidonium majus L. was studied. Extracts were prepared from aerial parts of the same plant population collected in the wild and grown under organic farming conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids and flavonoid derivatives were performed by LC/MS methods, and the cytotoxicity of lyophilised extracts was studied in B16-F10, HepG2, and CaCo-2 cells. Coptisine was the dominant alkaloid of extracts prepared from wild-grown plants, whereas after cultivation, chelidonine was the most abundant alkaloid. The total alkaloid content was significantly increased by cultivation. Ten flavonol glycoconjugates were identified in C. majus extracts, and quantitative analysis did not reveal significant differences between extracts prepared from wild-grown and cultivated specimens. Treatment with C. majus extracts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity in all three cell lines. The extracts prepared from cultivated specimens showed higher cytotoxicity than the extracts prepared from wild-grown plants. The strongest cytotoxic effect of cultivated C. majus was observed in B16-F10 cells (IC50 = 174.98 ± 1.12 µg/mL). Cultivation-induced differences in the phytochemical composition of C. majus extracts resulted in significant increases in the cytotoxic activities of the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerija Krizhanovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (V.K.); (I.S.); (M.D.); (O.P.)
| | - Inga Sile
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (V.K.); (I.S.); (M.D.); (O.P.)
- Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arta Kronberga
- Field and Forest, SIA, 2 Izstades Str., LV-4126 Priekuli Parish, Cēsis County, Latvia;
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, “Lidlauks”, LV-4126 Priekuļi Parish, Cēsis County, Latvia; (I.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Ieva Mezaka
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, “Lidlauks”, LV-4126 Priekuļi Parish, Cēsis County, Latvia; (I.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (V.K.); (I.S.); (M.D.); (O.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (V.K.); (I.S.); (M.D.); (O.P.)
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (V.K.); (I.S.); (M.D.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Sathasivam R, Yeo HJ, Park CH, Choi M, Kwon H, Sim JE, Park SU, Kim JK. Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Pathway Genes, and Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Chelidonium majus L. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081753. [PMID: 34451798 PMCID: PMC8398043 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has various medicinal properties. However, the genomic information about its carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP), xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway (XBP), and apocarotenoid biosynthesis pathway (ABP) genes were limited. Thus, the CBP, XBP, and ABP genes of C. majus were identified and analyzed. Among the 15 carotenoid pathway genes identified, 11 full and 4 partial open reading frames were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene sequences showed higher similarity with higher plants. Through 3D structural analysis and multiple alignments, several distinct conserved motifs were identified, including dinucleotide binding motif, carotene binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CBP, XBP, and ABP genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner; the highest expression levels were achieved in flowers, followed by those in leaves, roots, and stems. The HPLC analysis of the different organs showed the presence of eight different carotenoids. The highest total carotenoid content was found in leaves, followed by that in flowers, stems, and roots. This study provides information on the molecular mechanisms involved in CBP, XBP, and ABP genes, which might help optimize the carotenoid production in C. majus. The results could also be a basis of further studies on the molecular genetics and functional analysis of CBP, XBP, and ABP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Ji Eun Sim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (H.J.Y.); (C.H.P.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.P.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.U.P.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
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Zielińska S, Dziągwa-Becker M, Junka A, Piątczak E, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Brożyna M, Paleczny J, Sobiecka A, Słupski W, Mess E, Kucharski M, Çiçek SS, Zidorn C, Matkowski A. Screening Papaveraceae as Novel Antibiofilm Natural-Based Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:4778. [PMID: 34443363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of herbs from Papaveraceae have been used in medicine for centuries. Nevertheless, mutual relationships between the individual bioactive substances contained in these plants remain poorly elucidated. In this work, phytochemical composition of extracts from the aerial and underground parts of five Papaveraceae species (Chelidonium majus L., Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. and Körte, C. cheilanthifolia Hemsl., C. pumila (Host) Rchb., and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.) were examined using LC-ESI-MS/MS with a triple quadrupole analyzer. Large differences in the quality and quantity of all analyzed compounds were observed between species of different genera and also within one genus. Two groups of metabolites predominated in the phytochemical profiles. These were isoquinoline alkaloids and, in smaller amounts, non-phenolic carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds. In aerial and underground parts, 22 and 20 compounds were detected, respectively. These included: seven isoquinoline alkaloids: protopine, allocryptopine, coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine; five of their derivatives as well as non-alkaloids: malic acid, trans-aconitic acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, trans-caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol; and vanillin. The aerial parts were much richer in phenolic compounds regardless of the plant species. Characterized extracts were studied for their antimicrobial potential against planktonic and biofilm-producing cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The impact of the extracts on cellular metabolic activity and biofilm biomass production was evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts introduced to the polymeric carrier made of bacterial cellulose was assessed. Extracts of C. cheilanthifolia were found to be the most effective against all tested human pathogens. Multiple regression tests indicated a high antimicrobial impact of quercetin in extracts of aerial parts against planktonic cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, and no direct correlation between the composition of other bioactive substances and the results of antimicrobial activity were found. Conclusively, further investigations are required to identify the relations between recognized and unrecognized compounds within extracts and their biological properties.
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Gardin NE, Braga AJ. Greater celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.) for COVID-19: A twenty-case series. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3792-3798. [PMID: 33778996 PMCID: PMC8250801 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) occurred in Wuhan, China, with a rapid increase in cases worldwide. Until now, among several drugs tested, none demonstrated sufficient efficacy for its etiological treatment. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is a well‐known medicinal plant, traditionally indicated for digestive disorders and topically to remove warts. This study, performed at private offices in São Paulo and Aracaju (Brazil), describes 20 consecutive COVID‐19 outpatients treated with greater celandine and their clinical evolution. The patients, aged 14–71 years (median of 41 years), were treated with Chelidonium majus 10% mother tincture, 20–30 drops three times a day for 3–12 days (median of 5 days). Clinical features were assessed during the treatment and at least until 1 week after its end. These cases were considered mild, as most COVID‐19 cases. The symptoms were mainly fever, fatigue, cough, sore throat, coryza, anosmia, ageusia, and headache. Ten patients had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and overweight. Complete or almost complete clinical improvement occurred within 1–9 days of treatment (median of 3 days). There were no adverse events. This casuistry, although small, may inspire other researchers to continue investigating Chelidonium majus as a healing treatment for COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo E Gardin
- Associação Brasileira de Medicina Antroposófica (Brazilian Association of Anthroposophic Medicine), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anne Jacqueline Braga
- Associação Brasileira de Medicina Antroposófica (Brazilian Association of Anthroposophic Medicine), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Paczkowska M, Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Romaniuk-Drapała A, Rubiś B, Szymanowska D, Kobus-Cisowska J, Szymańska E, Winnicka K, Cielecka-Piontek J. Mucoadhesive Chitosan Delivery System with Chelidonii Herba Lyophilized Extract as a Promising Strategy for Vaginitis Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1208. [PMID: 32331437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus (also known as celandine) contains pharmacologically active compounds such as isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g., chelidonine, sanguinarine), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and organic acids. Due to the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids, Chelidonii herba extracts are widely used as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including HSV-1 and HIV-1), and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of various diseases, while chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable carrier with valuable properties for mucoadhesive formulations preparation. Our work aimed to prepare mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems composed of Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract and chitosan as an effective way to treat vaginitis. The pharmacological safety of usage of isoquinoline alkaloids, based on MTT test, were evaluated for the maximum doses 36.34 ± 0.29 µg/mL and 0.89 ± 1.16 µg/mL for chelidonine and sanguinarine, respectively. Dissolution rate profiles and permeability through artificial membranes for chelidonine and sanguinarine after their introduction into the chitosan system were studied. The low permeability for used save doses of isoquinoline alkaloids and results of microbiological studies allow confirmation that system Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract chitosan 80/500 1:1 (w/w) is a promising strategy for vaginal use. Ex vivo studies of mucoadhesive properties and evaluation of tableting features demonstrated that the formulation containing Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract (120.0 mg) with chitosan (80/500—100.0 mg) and polymer content (HPMC—100.0 mg, microcrystalline cellulose—50.0 mg, lactose monohydrate—30.0 mg and magnesium stearate—4.0 mg) is a vaginal dosage form with prolonging dissolution profile and high mucoadhesion properties (up to 4 h).
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Nawrot J, Wilk-Jędrusik M, Nawrot S, Nawrot K, Wilk B, Dawid-Pać R, Urbańska M, Micek I, Nowak G, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Milky Sap of Greater Celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.) and Anti-Viral Properties. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1540. [PMID: 32120948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The milky juice of the greater celandine herb has been used in folk medicine and in homeopathy for treatment of viral warts for years. However, classical medicine fails to use properties of celandine herbs in treatment of diseases induced by papilloma viruses. Nevertheless, dermatological outpatient clinics are regularly visited by patients reporting efficacy of milky sap isolated from celandine herb in treatment of their own viral warts. Authors of this report decided to analyze the respective world literature in order to critically evaluate the potential for treatment of viral dermal warts using the milky sap of celandine. Moreover, the case of a 4-year old boy was presented, the parents of whom applied the milky sap of celandine on viral warts on hands. Thus, Ch. majus may be a potential therapeutic modality for skin warts, especially in a young patients, where conventional therapy may be difficult to apply.
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Ciorîță A, Suciu M, Macavei S, Kacso I, Lung I, Soran ML, Pârvu M. Green Synthesis of Ag-MnO 2 Nanoparticles using Chelidonium majus and Vinca minor Extracts and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2020; 25:E819. [PMID: 32070017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are often used as reducing agents to prepare metal nanoparticles through green-synthesis due to natural compounds and their potential as chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, three types of eco-friendly Ag-MnO2 nanoparticles (Ag-MnO2NPs) were synthesized using C. majus (CmNPs), V. minor (VmNPs), and a 1:1 mixture of the two extracts (MNPs). These NPs were characterized using S/TEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR methods, and their biological activity was assessed in vitro on normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and skin melanoma cells (A375). All synthesized NPs had manganese oxide in the middle, and silver oxide and plant extract on the exterior. The NPs had different forms (polygonal, oval, and spherical), uniformly distributed, with crystalline structures and different sizes (9.3 nm for MNPs; 10 nm for VmNPs, and 32.4 nm for CmNPs). The best results were obtained with VmNPs, which reduced the viability of A375 cells up 38.8% and had a moderate cytotoxic effect on HaCaT (46.4%) at concentrations above 500 µg/mL. At the same concentrations, CmNPs had a rather proliferative effect, whereas MNPs negatively affected both cell lines. For the first time, this paper proved the synergistic action of the combined C. majus and V. minor extracts to form small and uniformly distributed Ag-MnO2NPs with high potential for selective treatments.
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Staniak M, Wójciak-Kosior M, Sowa I, Strzemski M, Sawicki J, Dresler S, Tyszczuk-Rotko K. Applicability of a Monolithic Column for Separation of Isoquinoline Alkalodis from Chelidonium majus Extract. Molecules 2019; 24:E3612. [PMID: 31591371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids are the main group of secondary metabolites present in Chelidonium majus extracts, and they are still the object of interest of many researchers. Therefore, the development of methods for the investigation and separation of the alkaloids is still an important task. In this work, the application potential of a silica-based monolithic column for the separation of alkaloids was assessed. The influence of the organic modifier, temperature, salt concentration, and pH of the eluent on basic chromatographic parameters such as retention, resolution between neighboring peaks, chromatographic plate numbers, and peak asymmetry were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a gradient elution program was developed and used to separate and quantitatively determine the main alkaloids in a Chelidonium majus root extract.
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Petruczynik A, Tuzimski T, Plech T, Misiurek J, Szalast K, Szymczak G. Comparison of Anticancer Activity and HPLC-DAD Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Thalictrum foetidum, Berberis sp. and Chelidonium majus Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:E3417. [PMID: 31547046 PMCID: PMC6803846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plants are an important origin of natural substances that the raw material for various pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids. Alkaloids, which are found in different plant species, possess numerous biological activities. Some alkaloids have strong cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. The search for new drugs to treat various cancers is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. Objective: This study aimed to investigate of cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from Chelidonium Majus; Berberis sp.; Thalictrum foetidum containing various alkaloids on selected cancer cell lines. The aim was also the quantification of selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by HPLC. Methods: The analysis of alkaloids contents were performed while using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water, and ionic liquid. The cytotoxic effect of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloids' standards were examined while using human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu), human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-25), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). Conclusion: All of the investigated plant extracts possess cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines: FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The highest cytotoxic activity against FaDu and MDA-MB-231 cells was observed for Chelidonium majus root extract, while the highest cytotoxic activity against SCC-25 and MCF-7 cells was estimated for the Thalictrum foetidum root extract. There obtained significant differences in the cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from the roots and herbs of Chelidonium majus and Thalictrum foetidum. Based on these results, investigated plant extracts can be recommended for further investigations of anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Misiurek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Szalast
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Szymczak
- Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-819 Lublin, Poland.
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Och A, Zalewski D, Komsta Ł, Kołodziej P, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Activity of Sanguinarine, Berberine, and Extracts of Chelidonium majus L. and Berberis thunbergii DC. toward Hematopoietic Cancer Cell Lines. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E485. [PMID: 31443589 PMCID: PMC6784183 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids belong to the toxic secondary metabolites occurring in plants of many families. The high biological activity makes these compounds promising agents for use in medicine, particularly as anticancer drugs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of sanguinarine, berberine, and extracts of Chelidonium majus L. and Berberis thunbergii DC. IC10, IC50, and IC90 doses were established toward hematopoietic cancer cell lines using trypan blue staining. Alterations in the expression of 18 apoptosis-related genes in cells exposed to IC10, IC50, and IC90 were evaluated using real-time PCR. Sanguinarine and Chelidonium majus L. extract exhibit significant cytotoxicity against all studied cell lines. Lower cytotoxic activity was demonstrated for berberine. Berberis thunbergii DC. extract had no influence on cell viability. Berberine, sanguinarine, and Chelidonium majus L. extract altered the expression of apoptosis-related genes in all tested cell lines, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The presented study confirmed the substantial cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of sanguinarine, berberine, and Chelidonium majus L. extract toward the studied hematopoietic cell lines, which indicates the utility of these substances in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Och
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Zielińska S, Wójciak-Kosior M, Dziągwa-Becker M, Gleńsk M, Sowa I, Fijałkowski K, Rurańska-Smutnicka D, Matkowski A, Junka A. The Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Extracts from Chelidonium majus against Pathogenic Bacteria and Candida sp. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070406. [PMID: 31336994 PMCID: PMC6669454 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity due to the complex alkaloid composition. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of extracts from wild plants and in vitro cultures, as well as seven major individual alkaloids. Plant material derived from different natural habitats and in vitro cultures was used for the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial tests. The composition of alkaloids was analyzed using chromatographic techniques (HPLC with DAD detection). The results have shown that roots contained higher number and amounts of alkaloids in comparison to aerial parts. All tested plant extracts manifested antimicrobial activity, related to different chemical structures of the alkaloids. Root extract used at 31.25–62.5 mg/L strongly reduced bacterial biomass. From the seven individually tested alkaloids, chelerythrine was the most effective against P. aeruginosa (MIC at 1.9 mg/L), while sanguinarine against S. aureus (MIC at 1.9 mg/L). Strong antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans when chelerythrine, chelidonine, and aerial parts extract were used. The experiments with plant extracts, individually tested alkaloids, and variable combinations of the latter allowed for a deeper insight into the potential mechanisms affecting the activity of this group of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Departament of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Rurańska-Smutnicka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Wu J, Peng L, Dong S, Xia X, Zhao L. Transcriptome analysis of Chelidonium majus elaiosomes and seeds provide insights into fatty acid biosynthesis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6871. [PMID: 31110927 PMCID: PMC6501766 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elaiosomes are specialized fleshy and edible seed appendages dispersed by ants. Lipids are the primary components of elaiosomes. Chelidonium majus is a well-known plant, the seeds of which are dispersed by ants. Previous studies have identified the presence of primary fatty acids in its elaiosomes and seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fatty acid biosynthesis in elaiosomes remain unknown. Methods In order to gain a comprehensive transcriptional profile of the elaiosomes and seeds of C. majus, and understand the expression patterns of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, four different developmental stages, including the flower-bud (Ch01), flowering (Ch02), young seed (Ch03), and mature seed (Ch04) stages, were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). Results A total of 63,064 unigenes were generated from 12 libraries. Of these, 7,323, 258, and 11,540 unigenes were annotated with 25 Cluster of Orthologous Groups, 43 Gene Ontology terms, and 373 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, respectively. In addition, 322 genes were involved in lipid transport and metabolism, and 508 genes were involved in the lipid metabolism pathways. A total of 41 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the lipid metabolism pathways were identified, most of which were upregulated in Ch03 compared to Ch02, indicating that fatty acid biosynthesis primarily occurs during the flowering to the young seed stages. Of the DEGs, acyl-ACP thioesterases, acyl carrier protein desaturase (DESA1), and malonyl CoA-ACP transacylase were involved in palmitic acid synthesis; stearoyl-CoA desaturase and DESA1 were involved in oleic acid synthesis, and acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase was involved in linoleic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Dong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xia
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, China
| | - Liangcheng Zhao
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Gao L, Schmitz HJ, Merz KH, Schrenk D. Characterization of the cytotoxicity of selected Chelidonium alkaloids in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:91-97. [PMID: 31054355 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytomedicinal preparations containing extracts of the plant Chelidonium majus (Greater Celandine) have been used in the therapy of upper abdominal disorders. C. majus alkaloids (CAL) were suspected to be responsible for reported cases of liver symptoms including cases of acute liver failure in patients upon treatment with certain C. majus preparations. Based on these reports, a safe oral daily dose limit of not more than 2.5 mg CAL was established in the EU. However, C. majus extracts and individual CAL were not able to elicit similar adverse effects when given orally to pigs or rats. We found that CAL differ considerably in their cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes in culture. The cationic congeners chelerythrine, coptisine and sanguinarine were the most toxic ones (EC20 values ≤2 μM) while the neutral congeners chelidonine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine were less toxic, with a rank order of toxicity of coptisine > chelerythrine > sanguinarine > chelidonine > protopine > dihydrosanguinarine. Calculation of octanol-water partition coefficients revealed that the most cytotoxic CAL in hepatocytes were the cationic polar ones. At cytotoxic concentrations sanguinarine led to a marked decrease in reduced and oxidized intracellular glutathione while the much less cytotoxic dihydrosanguinarine did not. After glutathione depletion with menadione, CAL toxicity was only slightly enhanced. Comparison of the cytotoxic concentrations to reported liver levels in experimental animals suggests that the latter were too low to cause hepatotoxicity, probably due to an extremely low oral availability of certain CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schmitz
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Merz
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Huang T, Xie W, Liu XD, Tang KX, Yang R. [Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Chelidonium majus and their antifungal activity]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:460-464. [PMID: 30989908 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181204.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to find new source of antifungal agents, eleven cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots,stems and leaves of Chelidonium majus by traditional method. Seven of them were identified as Colletotrichum(L1, L2, L3, S1, S3, S4, S5), and three of them were identified as Fusarium(R1,R2,R3) by morphological features and molecular biological technology. The antifungal activity test showed that all the tested fungi displayed some inhibitory activity against five common plant pathogens(C. gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Pyricularia oryza, Alternaria alternate and A. brassicae), and their inhibition rate of some test items were over 60%. Among them, R1, S2, S3 and S4 were more potent than others. This study enriches the understanding of endophytes from Ch. majus and provides a basis for the study of new microbial fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- College of Environment, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Environment, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- College of Environment, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Kai-Xun Tang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059, China
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20
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Zou C, Wang Y, Zou H, Ding N, Geng N, Cao C, Zhang G. Sanguinarine in Chelidonium majus induced antifeeding and larval lethality by suppressing food intake and digestive enzymes in Lymantria dispar. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 153:9-16. [PMID: 30744901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies had identified that both crude extracts and total alkaloid from Chelidonium majus exerted a significant antifeeding and larval lethality on Lymantria dispar. Moreover, sanguinarine, chelidonine, berberine hydrochloride and coptisine were the main alkaloid in C. majus exerting toxicity to L. dispar. In this paper, we evaluated the insecticidal and antifeeding activities of each alkaloid on the 3rd instar L. dispar larvae by bioassay. Meanwhile, the effects of alkaloids from C. majus on the activities and mRNA levels of three main digestive enzymes in L. dispar larvae were investigated. The results indicated that sanguinarine possessed the strongest insecticidal activity with a LD50 value of 4.963 μg/larva, and the coptisine showed little lethality to 3 rd instar L. dispar larvae among four alkaloids from C. majus. The insecticidal capacity of four alkaloids on 3rd instar L. dispar larvae was in the following decreasing order of sanguinarine > chelidonine > berberine hydrochloride > coptisine. Similarly, except coptisine, the other three alkaloids significantly reduced food intakes of third instar L. dispar larvae and suppressed activities of three digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase and total protease) simultaneously. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcriptions of α-amylase, lipase and serine protease were affected by sanguinarine. Especially, at 48 h after treatment, the mRNA expressions of those digestive enzymes were significantly suppressed by sanguinarine. In conclusion, we suggested that alkaloids from C. majus induced antifeeding and larval lethality on L. dispar larvae by suppressing food intake and digestive enzymes in L. dispar. Our findings provide a novel insight into evaluating the antifeeding and insecticidal properties of C. majus, which afford a new strategy for integrated pest management programs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuanShan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - YaJun Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nan Ding
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - NanNan Geng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - ChuanWang Cao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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21
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Deng AJ, Zhang HJ, Li Q, Li ZH, Zhang ZH, Wu LQ, Li L, Qin HL. Six scalemic mixtures of 6-monosubstituted dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids from Chelidonium majus and optically active structures of enantiomers. Phytochemistry 2017; 144:159-170. [PMID: 28938145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six pairs of previously undescribed 6-monosubstituted dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids were separated as corresponding six scalemic mixtures from the aerial part of Chelidonium majus. The elucidation for the 2D structures of these alkaloids was achieved using regular spectroscopic and chemical methods. The assignment of scalemic-mixture nature was achieved using combined examinations of their NMR data, CD spectra, calculation of specific rotations, and chiral HPLC profiles. The identification for the relative configurations of alkaloids possessing two asymmetric carbons directly connected up by a rotatable sp3-sp3 carbon-carbon single bond was significantly facilitated by discussing the erythro and threo relative configurations defined by the mutuality of the orders of decreasing steric hindrances between the two sets of ligands linked to the two chiral centers. Two scalemic mixtures were assigned as (1'R,6R/1'S,6S)- and (1'S,6R/1'R,6S)-1-(dihydrochelerythrine-6-yl)ethanols, two as (1'R,6R)/(1'S,6S)- and (1'S,6R)/(1'R,6S)-1-(dihydrosanguinarine-6-yl)ethanols, one as (±)-ethyl 2-(dihydrosanguinarine-6-yl)acetate, and one as (±)-ethyl dihydrosanguinarine-6-carboxylate, respectively. The resolution of three scalemic mixtures was achieved and the absolute configurations of the three pairs of enantiomers were assigned via time-dependent Density Functional Theory calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The assignment for the absolute configurations of the other three scalemic mixtures was achieved via a chiral HPLC-UV/CD method plus analyzing their ECD data. The findings of this paper demonstrated that the relevant biochemical reactions concerning the construction of these 6-monosubstituted dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids in the test plant are very nonselective. Scalemic mixture of (1'R,6R)/(1'S,6S)-1-(dihydrosanguinarine-6-yl)ethanol exhibited biological activity. It inhibited the growth of human MDA-MB-231 cell line at a moderate level with IC50 value of 5.12 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lian-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Hai-Lin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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22
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Zou C, Lv C, Wang Y, Cao C, Zhang G. Larvicidal activity and insecticidal mechanism of Chelidonium majus on Lymantria dispar. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 142:123-132. [PMID: 29107235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the broad spectrum of its biological activities, Chelidonium majus has been studied extensively in the medical field. However, few studies have focused on the insecticidal activity of C. majus, and the precise mechanism of its insecticidal activity. In the present study, larvicidal activity and insecticidal mechanism of C. majus on Lymantria dispar were investigated using bioassays, in vitro and in vivo enzyme activity assays, determination of the nutritional index, and gene transcription analysis. The results showed that alkaloids are the main insecticidal ingredients in C. majus. Among the five isoquinoline alkaloids, coptisine was present at the highest concentration (1624.23mg/L), while tetrahydrocoptisine showed the lowest concentration (0.47mg/L). Both the crude extract of C. majus (CECm) and the total alkaloids of C. majus (TACm) possessed a potent insecticidal activity toward L. dispar larvae. TACm had significant effects on the relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food into growth, approximate digestibility, and approximate digestibility of L. dispar larvae. Enzyme activity assays suggested that both CECm and TACm displayed their strongest inhibitory activity to in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and showed the weakest inhibition of in vitro carboxylesterase (CarE). Moreover, CECm and TACm affected the in vivo activities of five enzymes. The in vivo activities of AChE and CarE in L. dispar larvae were inhibited significantly by CECm and TACm. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcription of the five enzymes was also affected by TACm. In conclusion, alkaloids in C. majus showed a prominent toxicity to L. dispar by reducing food intake, influencing nutritional indices, and affecting the activity and mRNA transcription of detoxifying and protective enzymes. This study provides novel insights into the insecticidal mechanism of C. majus.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuanShan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - ChunHe Lv
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - YaJun Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - ChuanWang Cao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Paulsen J, Yahyazadeh M, Hänsel S, Kleinwächter M, Ibrom K, Selmar D. 13,14-dihydrocoptisine--the genuine alkaloid from Chelidonium majus. Phytochemistry 2015; 111:149-53. [PMID: 25666130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The genuine major benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in the traditional medicinal plant greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is 13,14-dihydrocoptisine and not - as described previously - coptisine. Structure of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine was elucidated. The discrepancy between the alkaloid pattern of the living plants and that of detached and dried leaves is due to the rapid and prompt conversion of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine to coptisine in the course of tissue injuries. Indeed, apart from the major alkaloid, some minor alkaloids might also be converted; this however is not in the centre of focus of this paper. This conversion is initiated by the change of pH. In vivo 13,14-dihydrocoptisine is localized in the acidic vacuoles, where it is stable. In contrast, in the neutral milieu, which results when vacuoles are destroyed in the course of tissue injuries, the genuine alkaloid is oxidized to yield coptisine. Accordingly, when alkaloids from C.majus should be analyzed, any postmortal conversion of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine has to be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Paulsen
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Yasouj University, Yasouj, Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad, Iran
| | - Sophie Hänsel
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maik Kleinwächter
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ibrom
- Chemistry Department, Central NMR Laboratory, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Schütz I, Moritz GB, Roos W. Alkaloid metabolism in thrips-Papaveraceae interaction: recognition and mutual response. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:119-26. [PMID: 24331426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), the Western Flower Thrips (WFT), is a polyphagous and highly adaptable insect of the order Thysanoptera. It has a broad host range but is rarely found on Papaveraceae, which might be due to deterrent effects of alkaloids present in most species of this family. In order to test the adaptive potential of WFT, we investigated its interaction with two Papaveraceae offered as sole feeding source. We found that WFT are able to live and feed on leaves of Eschscholzia californica and Chelidonium majus. Both plants respond to thrips feeding by the enhanced production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Furthermore, cell cultures of E. californica react to water insoluble compounds prepared from adult thrips with enhanced alkaloid production. During feeding, WFT take up benzophenanthridine alkaloids from either plant and from an artificial feeding medium and convert them to their less toxic dihydroderivatives. This was shown in detail with sanguinarine, the most cytotoxic benzophenanthridine. A similar conversion is used in plants to prevent self-intoxication by their own toxins. We conclude that WFT causes a phytoalexin-like response in Papaveraceae, but is able to adapt to such host plants by detoxification of toxic alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Schütz
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie/Entwicklungsbiologie, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle, Germany.
| | - Gerald B Moritz
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie/Entwicklungsbiologie, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Werner Roos
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Pharmazie/Molekulare Zellbiologie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Nawrot R, Tomaszewski Ł, Czerwoniec A, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Identification of a Coding Sequence and Structure Modeling of a Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Protein (CmGRP1) from Chelidonium majus L. Plant Mol Biol Report 2013; 31:470-476. [PMID: 24415842 PMCID: PMC3881573 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-012-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The family of glycine-rich plant proteins (GRPs) is a large and complex group of proteins that share, as a common feature, the presence of glycine-rich domains arranged in (Gly)n-X repeats that are suggested to be involved in protein-protein interactions, RNA binding, and nucleolar targeting. These proteins are implicated in several independent physiological processes. Some are components of cell walls of many higher plants, while others are involved in molecular responses to environmental stress, and mediated by post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The goals of this study are to identify the coding sequence of a novel glycine-rich RNA-binding protein from Chelidonium majus and to propose its structural model. DNA fragments obtained using degenerate PCR primers showed high sequence identities with glycine-rich RNA-binding protein coding sequences from different plant species. A 439-bp nucleotide sequence is identified coding for a novel polypeptide composed of 146 amino acids, designated as CmGRP1 (C. majus glycine-rich protein 1), with a calculated MW of 14,931 Da (NCBI GenBank accession no. HM173636). Using NCBI CDD and GeneSilico MetaServer, a single conserved domain, the RNA recognition motif (RRM), was detected in CmGRP1. The C-terminal region of CmGRP1 is a glycine-rich motif (GGGGxxGxGGGxxG), and it is predicted to be disordered. Based on a 1fxl crystal structure, a 3D model of CmGRP1 is proposed. CmGRP1 can be classified as a class IVa plant GRP, implicated to play a role in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tomaszewski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Czerwoniec
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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