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Roh T, Fields S, Sahu R, Trisha NF, Carrillo G. Vaping Behavior and Intention to Quit among Undergraduate Students in a Hispanic-Serving University. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-024-01364-3. [PMID: 38762685 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The surge in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) usage, particularly among young adults, poses significant public health concerns. This study aimed to identify predictors of e-cigarette use, quit attempts, and frequency among undergraduate students in a Hispanic-serving university in Texas. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1 and October 26, 2023, recruiting undergraduate students through the Sona system, an online experiment management platform. Participants completed an online survey that covered demographics, educational status, vaping status, initiation age, reasons for first and current e-cigarette use, frequency of past usage, intentions to quit, and quit attempt frequency. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and multivariable linear regression. Among 316 participants, 33.9% reported current e-cigarette use. Junior and senior students, as well as prior tobacco users, were more likely to be current vapers. Prior vaping experience was more prevalent among Hispanic individuals and those with a history of tobacco use. Notably, 74.3% of current users attempted to quit in the past year, with a higher frequency of quit attempts among females, Hispanic students, and those with vaping acquaintances. However, the vaping behavior and quit attempt patterns were similar across other categories. This study highlights how various factors influence e-cigarette use among college students. It suggests that prevention and quitting programs should consider the specific needs of different groups. Future studies will continue to look at different student groups to find the most effective ways to help them quit vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Sherecce Fields
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ruchi Sahu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nusrat Fahmida Trisha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Genny Carrillo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Gusman MS, Safa MD, Grimm KJ, Doane LD. Contextualizing Bicultural Competence Across Youths' Adaptation From High School to College: Prospective Associations With Mental Health and Substance Use. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:320-343. [PMID: 38571551 PMCID: PMC10989737 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231159667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bicultural competence, the ability to navigate bicultural demands, is a salient developmental competency for youth of color linked with positive adjustment. This study investigated how discrimination experiences informed developmental trajectories of behavioral and affective bicultural competence across youth's adaptation from high school to college, and how these biculturalism trajectories predicted later adjustment (i.e., internalizing symptoms and binge drinking). Data were collected between 2016 through 2020 and included 206 U.S. Latino youth (Mage=17.59, 64% female, 85% Mexican origin, 11% first and 62% second generation immigrants). Linear latent growth analyses revealed that youth who experienced greater time-varying discrimination demonstrated lower concurrent behavioral and affective bicultural competence. Higher behavioral bicultural competence intercepts were associated with fewer internalizing symptoms in the third college year. No other significant associations emerged for internalizing symptoms or binge drinking. These findings have implications for mental health equity among Latino youth during a critical period of psychopathology onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Dalal Safa
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University
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Zheng Y, Feng R, Hu W, Huang P. Investigation of inter-rater and test-retest reliability of Y balance test in college students with flexible flatfoot. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:40. [PMID: 38331956 PMCID: PMC10854180 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ) has been widely used to assess dynamic balance in various populations. Dynamic balance in flexible flatfoot populations is one of the risk factors for lower extremity injuries, especially in college populations in which more exercise is advocated. However, no study has demonstrated the reliability of the YBT-LQ in a college student flexible flatfoot population. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study. 30 college students with flexible flatfoot were recruited from Beijing Sports University. They have been thrice assessed for the maximal reach distance of YBT under the support of the lower limb on the flatfoot side. Test and retest were performed with an interval of 14 days. The outcome measures using the composite score and normalized maximal reach distances in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral). The relative reliability was reported as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), Smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) were used to report the absolute reliability. RESULTS For inter-rater reliability, the ICC values for all directions ranged from 0.84 to 0.92, SEM values ranged from 2.01 to 3.10%, SWC values ranged from 3.67 to 5.12%, and MDC95% values ranged from 5.58 to 8.60%. For test-retest reliability, the ICC values for all directions ranged from 0.81 to 0.92, SEM values ranged from 1.80 to 2.97%, SWC values ranged from 3.75 to 5.61%, and MDC95% values ranged from 4.98 to 8.24%. CONCLUSIONS The YBT-LQ has "good" to "excellent" inter-rater and test-retest reliability. It appears to be a reliable assessment to use with college students with flexible flatfoot. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the ID number ChiCTR2300075906 on 19/09/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, No.48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Feng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, No.48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyin Hu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, No.48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, No.48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Faria MN, Dos Santos EL, Noto AR, Bedendo A, Souza-Formigoni MLO. Protective strategies and motivations to control drinking among Brazilian college students: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2390. [PMID: 38041057 PMCID: PMC10693026 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop prevention programs or early interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and related problems among college students, it is essential to understand their motivations for drinking and the spontaneous (effective and non-effective) strategies they employ to control, considering the social and cultural contexts influence. This study aimed to explore these factors and the student's application of selfcare in different situations and environments, as well as to identify their reasons for not drinking. METHODS The students were invited to participate using a snowball sampling, up to the theoretical saturation point. Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were carried out and the interviews contents were analyzed using the NVivo software. The participants were 23 college students between 18 and 24 years old, with diverse patterns of alcohol use (low-risk to suggestive of dependence). RESULTS Data analysis highlighted three main themes: (a) Contexts (such as bars, "open bar" parties and others) and consumption patterns; (b) Protective Strategies (such as stop-drinking intervals, eating before or during drinking, returning home in the company of a friend); (c) Motivations to control drinking (such as sense of responsibility, bad previous experiences, family and religious issues). Protective strategies and motivation to control drinking were perceived to be less prominent in specific contexts that favor high alcohol consumption, as open bar parties. CONCLUSIONS Motivations and protective strategies varied according to the drinkers' profile, social situations and settings in which they consumed alcohol. The results highlight the need for preventive interventions planned for specific drinking patterns and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Noto Faria
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Lucas Dos Santos
- Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná- UENP, Campus Luiz Meneghel, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Bedendo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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Nie X, Huang L, Hou J, Dai A, He L, Zheng P, Ye Z, Zhang S, Zhou G, Zhang J, Hua Q. Smartphone usage behaviors and their association with De Quervain's Tenosynovitis (DQT)among college students: a cross-sectional study in Guangxi, China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2257. [PMID: 37974168 PMCID: PMC10652590 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing prevalence of smartphone use among college students in China has led to health concerns, including De Quervain's Tenosynovitis (DQT). However, the specific smartphone usage behaviors contributing to DQT remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between smartphone usage behaviors and DQT in college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 students from various majors in Guangxi between September 2021 and April 2022. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing smartphone usage behaviors and their association with DQT. The Finkelstein test was employed to diagnose DQT. RESULTS Over half of the college students (52%) tested positive for DQT via Finkelstein's test. Higher levels of smartphone usage time (6-8 h/day: OR = 4.454, 95%CI:1.662-12.229; ≥8 h/day: OR = 4.521, 95%CI:1.596-12.811), phone games (OR = 1.997, 95%CI:1.312-3.040), social media (OR = 2.263, 95%CI:1.795-3.833), and leisure activities (OR = 1.679, 95%CI:1.140-2.475) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DQT. Two specific gestures (Bilateral thumbs, BT: OR = 1.900, 95%CI:1.281-2.817; Bilateral thumbs-horizontal screen, BT-HS: OR = 1.872, 95%CI:1.244-2.818) and two screen sizes (5.0-5.5inch: OR = 2.064, 95%CI:1.108-3.846; 6.0-6.5inch: OR = 2.413, 95%CI:1.125-4.083) also exhibited a higher risk of DQT. Bilateral DQT was observed, with Gesture-BT identified as the primary risk factor. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increased smartphone usage time, phone games, social media, and leisure activities elevate the risk of DQT among college students. Furthermore, two specific gestures and two screen sizes were also linked to a heightened DQT risk. To mitigate DQT development, college students should reduce smartphone usage time and adopt appropriate gestures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Nie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Stomatology College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anyuan Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihuan He
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Puxiang Zheng
- Xianning Medical College, National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhimao Ye
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Stomatology College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Stomatology College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangqi Zhou
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Stomatology College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Qikai Hua
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Hotez E, Hudson S. Expanding on "Screening, Diagnosis, and Intervention for Autism: Experiences of Black and Multiracial Families Seeking Care" to Support BIPOC Autistic Postsecondary Students. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3717-3721. [PMID: 37178427 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hotez
- Department of General Internal Medicine / Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, 911 Broxton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shanice Hudson
- Hood Medicine Initiative, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, 46205, P.O. Box 55458, USA
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Lynch E, Goyal D, Moore DJ. Ready, willing, and able: California college campus law enforcement officers' respond to the opioid overdose attitudes scale. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1676-1679. [PMID: 34516937 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1948857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCollege campus police departments are providing law enforcement officers the authority to administer naloxone, the antidote to opioid overdose. This study explored the competence, concerns, and readiness among college campus-based law enforcement officers in Northern California to administer naloxone in case of an opioid overdose on campus. METHODS Using a quantitative, cross sectional design, law enforcement officers from seven Northern California college campus-based police departments were recruited for this study. Participants completed sociodemographic information and the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) electronically. RESULTS Forty law enforcement officers completed questionnaires. Findings suggested officers were ready and willing to assist opioid overdose victims, had sufficient naloxone administration training, and were not concerned with consequences of precipitating withdrawal symptoms or harm to a student after administering naloxone. CONCLUSIONS College campus-based law enforcement officers had positive attitudes regarding handling opioid overdose situations and felt mostly comfortable administering naloxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lynch
- The Valley Foundation School of Nursing, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Deepika Goyal
- The Valley Foundation School of Nursing, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Dorothy James Moore
- The Valley Foundation School of Nursing, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
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Michelini Y, Ibáñez MI, Pilatti A, Bravo AJ, López-Fernández FJ, Ortet G, Mezquita L. Motives to play videogames across seven countries: Measurement invariance of the Videogaming Motives Questionnaire. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107624. [PMID: 36701906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaming motives appear to be an important predictor of time spent gaming and disordered gaming. The Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ) has shown adequate psychometric properties to assess gaming motives among Spanish college students. However, the utility of this measure has not yet been explored in other cultures. This research aimed to examine the structure and measurement invariance of the VMQ across seven countries and gender groups, and to provide criterion-related validity evidence for VMQ scores. METHOD College students who reported having played videogames in the last year (n = 5192; 59.07 % women) from the US, Canada, South Africa, Spain, Argentina, England, and Uruguay completed an online survey to measure time spent gaming, disordered gaming, and the VMQ. RESULTS Findings support a 24-item 8-intercorrelated factor model structure for the VMQ in the total sample. Our results also support configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the VMQ across gender groups and countries. Students from North America (US and Canada) scored higher on most gaming motives (except recreation and cognitive development) than students from the other countries. The correlations between VMQ and non-VMQ variables were similar across gender and countries, except in England where VMQ correlations with time spent gaming were stronger. DISCUSSION These results suggest that the VMQ is a useful measure for assessing gaming motives across young adults from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Michelini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Francisco J López-Fernández
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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Looby A, Prince MA, Livingston NR, Berry KA. An examination of the effects of ADHD symptoms and sex on the relation between cannabis protective behavioral strategies and cannabis consequences. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107718. [PMID: 37059000 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The risk for cannabis-related problems is elevated among young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. It is unknown whether the use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) mitigates this risk for college students with ADHD. Prior research finds that college students who use alcohol and report high levels of ADHD symptoms particularly benefit from employing alcohol PBS, and these relations are strongest for male students. Thus, this study examined the moderating effects of ADHD symptoms and sex assigned at birth on the relation between cannabis PBS use and cannabis-related problems among college students who use cannabis. Participants were 384 college students (66.9% female, 57.8% white non-Hispanic, Mage = 19.29) from 12 United States universities who reported past-month cannabis use. Participants completed measures of demographics, ADHD symptoms, past-month cannabis frequency and related problems, and cannabis PBS use via an online survey. There was a significant interaction of ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, PBS use, and sex on cannabis-related problems, controlling for cannabis use frequency. The strength of the negative association between PBS use and problems depended on level of ADHD symptoms for females, but not for males. However, there were no interactive effects for ADHD inattentive symptoms. These results supplement the literature base on relations between PBS use and ADHD symptoms in college students, extending support for their use to cannabis users. Importantly, promoting PBS use to female college students who are high in hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, 210 Behavioral Sciences Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas R Livingston
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Katherine A Berry
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3415, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
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Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Liu Y, Xu P, Yu M, Fan J, Pan X, Chen X, Xu H, He Q, Han M, Han M. HIV-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Research Among College Students - Six Chinese Cities, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:1043-1050. [PMID: 36751438 PMCID: PMC9889222 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? The number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases among Chinese youth 15-24 years of age shows an upward trend between 2010 and 2019. What is added by this report? This survey is on a larger scale as compared to previous studies. It shows inadequate HIV knowledge - especially on HIV treatment, self-testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis - among college students. A significant gap exists between knowledge and behavior as indicated by the low condom use rate despite a high knowledge level. What are the implications for public health practice? Findings suggest priorities for future HIV education and awareness creation of existing services. A low condom use rate at sexual debut suggests that HIV prevention education should start early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang Kangzhong Health and Education Center, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Peng Xu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Maohe Yu
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Municipality, China
| | - Jixiang Fan
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinying He
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengjie Han
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Mengjie Han,
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Li Y, Zhou D, Dai Y, Zhang J. Gender Differences in the Association Between Sexual Orientation and Risky Sexual Behavior Among College Students With Sexual Experience in Sichuan Province, Chinese. Sex Med 2022; 10:100547. [PMID: 35952614 PMCID: PMC9537270 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is available regarding risky sexual behavior among college students with different sexual orientations. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences in the association between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior among Chinese college students with sexual experience. Methods With a self-assessment questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 73,800 students from 25 vocational colleges (3-year colleges) in the Sichuan province of China. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior among students with sexual experience. Outcomes The main outcome measures used regarding risky sexual behavior are the following: condom use in the last sexual intercourse, early sexual debut, and having multiple sexual partners. Results 12,711 students with sexual experience were included. Sexual minority students were more likely to have an early sexual debut (For male students, homosexual: OR = 1.88, P < .001; bisexual: OR = 1.96, P < .001; unsure: OR = 1.68, P < .001. For female students, homosexual: OR = 1.87, P < .01; bisexual: OR = 2.07, P < .01; unsure: OR = 1.53, P < .05), and less likely to use condoms in their last sexual intercourse (except for homosexual male students) (For male students, bisexual: OR = 0.65, P < .01; unsure: OR = 0.60, P < .001. For female students, homosexual: OR = 0.21, P < .001; bisexual: OR = 0.54, P < .001; unsure: OR = 0.68, tP < .05). There are gender differences in the association between sexual orientation and having multiple sexual partners. Male sexual minorities were more likely to have multiple sexual partners than heterosexual students (homosexual: OR = 2.06, P < .001; bisexual: OR = 1.66, P < .001; unsure: OR = 1.31, P < .05), while the same result was only observed in bisexual female students (OR = 1.46, P < .01). Clinical Implications Sexual health education professionals should consider the sexual orientation of students when providing counseling services or educational intervention, especially for male students and LGBT ones. Strengths & Limitations We examined gender differences in the association between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior among college students with sexual experience. However, the ability for the cross-sectional survey to address causality is limited, and will be further tested in cohort studies. Conclusion Gender and sexual orientation affect the likelihood of risky sexual behavior among China's college students, and gender differences in the association between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior should be noticed. Li Y, Zhou D, Dai Y, et al. Gender Differences of the Association Between Sexual Orientation and Risky Sexual Behavior Among College Students With Sexual Experience in Sichuan Province, Chinese. Sex Med 2022;10:100547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China
| | - Dinglun Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxue Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Dunn ME, Schreiner AM, Flori JN, Crisafulli MJ, Willis EA, Lynch GT, Leary AV, Dvorak RD. Effective prevention programming for reducing alcohol-related harms experienced by first year college students: Evaluation of the expectancy challenge alcohol literacy curriculum (ECALC). Addict Behav 2022; 131:107338. [PMID: 35472696 PMCID: PMC10349386 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Prevention programs may have contributed to modest declines in alcohol use among college students in recent years, but negative consequences continue to be pervasive. First year college students (FYCS) are particularly vulnerable, and there is clearly a need for more effective methods to reduce risk. Meta-analyses focused on expectancy challenge (EC) have found this approach to be effective, but "experiential" EC that includes a drinking exercise is not suitable for most FYCS, many of whom are underage. A non-experiential alternative, the Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC), is practical for widespread implementation. ECALC has been effective with mandated students and members of fraternities, and in the present study, we focused on evaluating effects with FYCS. In a group randomized trial, 48 class sections of a course designed for FYCS received either ECALC or an attention-matched control presentation. ECALC was associated with significant changes on six expectancy subscales of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Scale (CEOA). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediated effects of the intervention on alcohol-related harms via alcohol expectancies. There were significant indirect effects from condition to alcohol use (IND = -0.04, p <.001) and alcohol harms (IND = -0.07, p <.001). This model accounted for 54% of the variance in alcohol use and 46% of the variance in alcohol-related harms. These findings suggest ECALC is an effective, single session group-delivered program that can be incorporated into classroom curricula.
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13
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Hennessy EA, Nichols LM, Brown TB, Tanner-Smith EE. Advancing the science of evaluating Collegiate Recovery Program processes and outcomes: A recovery capital perspective. Eval Program Plann 2022; 91:102057. [PMID: 35217288 PMCID: PMC8986624 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) offer resources and programming for postsecondary students in addiction recovery to ensure they can initiate or maintain their recovery and complete college. To achieve these goals, CRPs offer a variety of activities that research and theory suggests should produce positive outcomes among their students; yet the lack of systematic evaluation research in this area means it is unknown which programming components may drive outcomes. Recovery capital theory posits a variety of factors at multiple ecological levels that might influence students' recovery experience and their engagement and success in community programs like CRPs. To address this complexity in research and evaluation work on CRPs, we provide a recovery capital-oriented theory of change and logic model for CRP evaluations, and demonstrate how this model could be used with an exemplar case. This is followed by a recovery capital-oriented data collection toolkit for future research and evaluation. These efforts should help to inform program planners and evaluators interested in understanding the influence of the ecosystem of recovery-oriented systems of care in CRPs for emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hennessy
- Addiction Recovery Management Service, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lindsey M Nichols
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Tiffany B Brown
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Emily E Tanner-Smith
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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14
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Rafaeli AK, Bar-Kalifa E, Verdeli H, Miller L. Interpersonal Counseling for College Students: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study. Am J Psychother 2021; 74:165-171. [PMID: 34905934 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.202120200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE University counseling centers struggle to meet the growing demand for mental health treatment by students in distress. More acutely distressed students typically receive priority, whereas those with mild to moderate depression often face longer wait times and fewer available therapy sessions. For this reason, interpersonal counseling for college students (IPC-C) was created as a brief manualized psychotherapy, suitable for students with mild to moderate depression, that maintains the core components of interpersonal counseling and integrates components from interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents and other developmentally appropriate techniques. This article describes a pilot trial of IPC-C. METHODS IPC-C is delivered in three to six psychotherapy sessions focused on alleviating depressive symptoms and increasing social support. Ten participants from two university counseling centers were recruited to receive IPC-C. The inclusion criterion was a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 5-14, indicating mild to moderate depression. Participants completed the PHQ-9 at each session, the College Adjustment Test at baseline and termination, and the IPC Satisfaction Scale at termination. RESULTS Nine of the 10 participants completed the study, attending an average of five therapy sessions each. Participants agreed that the number of sessions was appropriate and indicated satisfaction with the IPC-C intervention. Participants exhibited significantly reduced depression severity (Cohen's d=2.45) and significantly improved college adjustment (d=0.92). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot trial, IPC-C was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention for university-based treatment of young adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. IPC-C holds promise as a potentially effective intervention for this population and warrants further study in a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Rafaeli
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli); Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa); Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Eran Bar-Kalifa
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli); Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa); Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Helen Verdeli
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli); Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa); Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Leslie Miller
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli); Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa); Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
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15
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Sidebottom C, Ullevig S, Cheever K, Zhang T. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine period on physical activity and dietary habits of college-aged students. Sports Med Health Sci 2021. [PMID: 34494003 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to sudden extreme changes in lifestyle, potentially causing adverse changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 quarantine on physical activity, dietary habits, and food insecurity among college students who were impacted by the quarantine periods and campus closures. The findings of the study will provide preliminary evidence on dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behavior changes induced by the pandemic among college students. Participants (n = 403) completed a cross-sectional self-report online questionnaire, evaluating the physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary behaviors before- and during-COVID-19 campus closures (March–May 2020). Sociodemographic and descriptive information was also obtained from each participant. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits. McNemar's test was used to compare food insecurity changes. Data were presented as median and interquartile range. A total of 291 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study (college-aged, 18–24 years). Physical activity decreased at vigorous (2 days/week to 1 day/week, p < 0.001), moderate (4 days/week to 1 day/week, p < 0.001), and light (4 days/week to 2 days/week, p < 0.001) intensity levels, while sedentary behavior increased (4 h/day to 7 h/day, p < 0.001) from pre-to during-COVID-19 quarantine period. Frequencies of meals at home and alcohol consumption increased (Z = −3.911 and Z = −4.022, p < 0.001), while frequency of fruit consumption decreased (Z = −2.116, p < 0.001) from pre-to during-COVID-19 quarantine period. Daily alcohol intake also increased during COVID-19 quarantine period (Z = −4.442, p < 0.001). Lastly, the percentage of individuals reporting food insecurity significantly increased during COVID-19 quarantine (p < 0.001). College-aged students in quarantine significantly decreased physical activity participation and increased sedentary behavior. Changes in dietary habits were observed, including increased meals at home, alcohol consumption, and decreased fruit consumption. Food insecurity also doubled among college-aged students during quarantine. Public health strategies to attenuate these changes in lifestyle habits should be implemented during a global pandemic.
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16
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Gusman MS, Grimm KJ, Cohen AB, Doane LD. Stress and Sleep Across the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Distance Learning on U.S. College Students' Health Trajectories. Sleep 2021; 44:6332862. [PMID: 34331445 PMCID: PMC8385849 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives This study examined associations between average and intraindividual trajectories of stress, sleep duration, and sleep quality in college students before, during, and after transitioning to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods One hundred and sixty-four first-year college students answered twice-weekly questionnaires assessing stress exposure and perception, sleep duration, and sleep quality from January until May, 2020 (N=4,269 unique observations). Results Multilevel growth modeling revealed that prior to distance learning, student stress was increasing and sleep duration and quality were decreasing. After transitioning online, students’ stress exposure and perception trajectories immediately and continuously decreased; sleep quality initially increased but decreased over time; and sleep duration increased but then plateaued for the remainder of the semester. Days with higher stress exposure than typical for that student were associated with lower sleep quality, and both higher stress exposure and perception at the transition were linked with simultaneous lower sleep quality. Specific groups (e.g., females) were identified as at-risk for stress and sleep problems. Conclusion Although transitioning to remote learning initially alleviated college students’ stress and improved sleep, these effects plateaued, and greater exposure to academic, financial, and interpersonal stressors predicted worse sleep quality on both daily and average levels. Environmental stressors may particularly dictate sleep quality during times of transition, but adaptations in learning modalities may help mitigate short-term detrimental health outcomes during global emergencies, even during a developmental period with considerable stress vulnerability. Future studies should examine longer-term implications of these trajectories on mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J Grimm
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Adam B Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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17
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Rafaeli AK, Bar-Kalifa E, Verdeli H, Miller L. Interpersonal Counseling for College Students: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study. Am J Psychother 2021:appipsychotherapy20200038. [PMID: 34134501 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE University counseling centers struggle to meet the growing demand for mental health treatment by students in distress. More acutely distressed students typically receive priority, whereas those with mild to moderate depression often face longer wait times and fewer available therapy sessions. For this reason, interpersonal counseling for college students (IPC-C) was created as a brief manualized psychotherapy, suitable for students with mild to moderate depression, that maintains the core components of interpersonal counseling and integrates components from interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents and other developmentally appropriate techniques. This article describes a pilot trial of IPC-C. METHODS IPC-C is delivered in three to six psychotherapy sessions focused on alleviating depressive symptoms and increasing social support. Ten participants from two university counseling centers were recruited to receive IPC-C. The inclusion criterion was a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 5-14, indicating mild to moderate depression. Participants completed the PHQ-9 at each session, the College Adjustment Test at baseline and termination, and the IPC Satisfaction Scale at termination. RESULTS Nine of the 10 participants completed the study, attending an average of five therapy sessions each. Participants agreed that the number of sessions was appropriate and indicated satisfaction with the IPC-C intervention. Participants exhibited significantly reduced depression severity (Cohen's d=2.45) and significantly improved college adjustment (d=0.92). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot trial, IPC-C was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention for university-based treatment of young adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. IPC-C holds promise as a potentially effective intervention for this population and warrants further study in a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Rafaeli
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli).,Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa).,Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Eran Bar-Kalifa
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli).,Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa).,Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Helen Verdeli
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli).,Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa).,Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
| | - Leslie Miller
- Department of Psychological Services, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Rafaeli).,Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel (Bar-Kalifa).,Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City (Verdeli).,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Miller)
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Moilanen KL, DeLong KL, Spears SK, Gentzler AL, Turiano NA. Predictors of Initial Status and Change in Self-Control During the College Transition. J Appl Dev Psychol 2021; 73:101235. [PMID: 33551532 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although self-control tends to increase through late adolescence, there are individual differences in patterns of growth. Latent growth modeling was used to investigate change in self-control across students' first year of college (N = 569, M age = 18.03; 70.3% female; 89.6% White), and whether attachment to parents predicted this change when controlling for personality and demographic variables. Self-control decreased linearly across five assessments, with significant heterogeneity in intercepts and slopes. Personality was associated with initial self-control, and greater avoidant attachment to mothers and openness to experience predicted greater declines. Overall, self-control changes across late adolescence, and attachment and personality explain individual differences in that change, indicating potential intervention targets during emerging adulthood.
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19
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Fu W, Yan S, Zong Q, Anderson-Luxford D, Song X, Lv Z, Lv C. Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:7-10. [PMID: 33197782 PMCID: PMC7656159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the psychological status of college students in China during the COVID-19 outbreak, and offer some theoretical evidence for psychological intervention of college students. METHODS An online survey was conducted from May 10, 2020 to June 10, 2020. Anxiety symptoms were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7). Categorical data were reported as number and percentage, while continuous data were reported as mean ± SD. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between different factors and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS A total of 89,588 college students participated in the current study, among which 36,865 students (41.1%) reported anxiety symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for anxiety symptoms included the age of 26-30 (OR=1.456), sophomore (OR=1.038), junior (OR=1.087) and senior grades (OR=1.161), a higher paternal education level (OR=1.055), low economic status (OR=1.520), and low social support (OR=1.542). CONCLUSIONS About two-fifths of Chinese college students experienced anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic. Timely and appropriate psychological interventions for college students should be implemented to reduce the psychological harm caused by COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Fu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- School of public health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiao Zong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Anderson-Luxford
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China,Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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20
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Duren-Winfield V, Carr LTB, McCauley GA, Onsomu EO, Roberson K, Williams J, Kizakevich PN, Krzyzanowski M, Price AA. The Development and Pilot Testing of an Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Disease Risk-Prevention Program to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among African-American College Students - Rams Have HEART. J Best Pract Health Prof Divers 2021; 14:44-62. [PMID: 35310081 PMCID: PMC8929670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Among the risk factors for college students, obesity and physical inactivity are disproportionately high among African Americans (AAs), and while studies of the obesity epidemic have increased in recent years, few target AA college-aged students. This study developed and piloted an evidence-based, 15-week, 3-credit hour, CVD risk-prevention and intervention course, Rams Have HEART that used e-learning, web-based technologies, and a mobile application and compared its effects against a control course. METHODS Two cohorts were recruited in a two-year period; 124 AA college students voluntarily consented to participate in the study, with n = 63 representing the control group and n = 61 representing the intervention. CVD risk factors were assessed by examining blood markers and anthropometric measurements. Demographic, clinical, and survey data (physical measures, blood marker investigation, and self-report surveys) were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up over the academic year. RESULTS The mean blood markers for lipid panel and glucose results were within the established optimal range. Intake of fruits and vegetables increased along with knowledge of CVD risk factors; 86% of students enrolled in the intervention passed the course; 100% (n = 61) would recommend it to future students. CONCLUSION Developing and offering a healthy lifestyle-behavior CVD intervention course to AA college students is feasible and effective in optimizing their awareness of chronic disease risk factors and prompting behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Duren-Winfield
- Department of Healthcare Management, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Georgia A. McCauley
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elijah O. Onsomu
- Division of Nursing, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kristina Roberson
- Division of Nursing, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John Williams
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Sports Studies, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul N. Kizakevich
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Krzyzanowski
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amanda A. Price
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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21
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Chugani C, Kass G, Miller E. Managing Student Suicidality on Campus: Perspectives from Diverse Student Affairs Staff. Qual Rep 2020; 25:3224-3239. [PMID: 34308447 PMCID: PMC8299432 DOI: 10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a substantial public health issue faced by college campuses. College counseling professionals often interact with a variety of other student affairs professionals who may be involved in the management of suicidality on campus. However, research on their experiences and perspectives on this topic is scarce. In this study, we build on literature related to management of suicidality on campus, which is predominantly focused on campus counseling professionals. Fifteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with student affairs professionals to explore how professionals on campuses might better work together to prevent crises and support students at elevated risk for suicide. Recurrent and emerging themes included barriers impeding their ability to best serve suicidal students, their perceptions on what factors make students vulnerable to suicide, and suggestions for future research. We conclude with a discussion of options to increase quantity and quality of service provision on campus for suicidal students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Chugani
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Stevens AK, Sokolovsky AW, Padovano HT, White HR, Jackson KM. Heaviness of Alcohol Use, Alcohol Problems, and Subjective Intoxication Predict Discrepant Drinking Reports in Daily Life. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1468-1478. [PMID: 32530512 PMCID: PMC7572532 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported consumption is pervasive in alcohol research, though retrospective recall bias is a concern. Fine-grained methods are designed to limit retrospection; yet, discrepancies can arise when comparing responses on fine-grained surveys with responses to retrospective surveys across weeks or months. Many fine-grained studies use both repeated daily surveys (RDS) and end-of-day (EOD) summaries, but little research has examined whether these survey types are consistent. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude and directionality of discrepancy between EOD summaries and RDS and identify alcohol-related predictors of discrepancy. METHODS As a part of a larger study, college student alcohol and cannabis users (N = 341; 53% women; Mage = 19.79 years) were recruited to complete 56 days of data collection, including 5 daily assessments of their substance use and related constructs, one of which included an EOD summary of the previous day. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine between- and within-person predictors of a 5-category, discrepancy outcome: no discrepancy, low discrepancy where RDS < EOD, low discrepancy where EOD < RDS, high discrepancy where RDS < EOD, and high discrepancy where EOD < RDS. RESULTS Discrepancies between EOD and RDS were observed in both directions. Alcohol problems predicted more alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey than across RDS. Within-person alcohol quantity and hourly rate of consumption were most strongly related to less alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey. Between- and within-person peak subjective intoxication and within-person liquor consumption were associated with discrepancies in both directions. CONCLUSIONS Surveys requiring more retrospection may overestimate alcohol consumption in problematic drinkers and underestimate consumption on days where more alcohol is consumed than typical. Evidence also suggests that greater day-to-day instability in alcohol behavior is linked to less consistent reporting overall. More research is needed to discern factors contributing to inconsistent reporting on fine-grained surveys to maximize the validity of reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Stevens
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alexander W. Sokolovsky
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hayley Treloar Padovano
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Corbin WR, Hartman JD, Curlee AS, Zalewski S, Fromme K. The Role of Relationship Changes in College Students' Heavy Episodic Drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1273-1283. [PMID: 32343853 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The beginning of college is a period in which increased alcohol use often coincides with greater involvement in romantic relationships. Existing literature yields inconsistent findings regarding the influence of relationship types on drinking behavior, perhaps because these studies have not accounted for recent changes in the way college students engage in dating/sexual relationships. METHODS The present study sought to address this issue using a longitudinal study design by examining the effects of both relationship type and sexual activity on heavy episodic drinking (HED) among 1,847 college students over the course of the first 3 semesters of college. RESULTS Results indicated that the effects of relationship type depended on whether an individual was sexually active. Nondating but sexually active students reported rates of HED comparable to students who defined themselves as casual daters. Conversely, nondating students who were not sexually active reported drinking behavior similar to those involved in exclusive relationships. Further, transitions between low- and high-risk relationship/sexual activity types were associated with corresponding changes in HED. Transitioning into a high-risk relationship was associated with significant increases in levels of HED, whereas transitioning into a low-risk relationship was associated with significant decreases in HED. CONCLUSIONS Together, results indicate that engaging in nonexclusive dating or casual sexual relationships may play an important role in the development of problematic patterns of alcohol use during the early college years. These findings have potentially important implications both for future research and for prevention and intervention efforts targeting high-risk college drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Corbin
- Arizona State University, (WRC, JDH, ASC, SZ), Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne Zalewski
- Arizona State University, (WRC, JDH, ASC, SZ), Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kim Fromme
- The University of Texas at Austin, (KF), Austin, Texas, USA
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Lam C, Figueroa W, Yomogida K, Bavarian N. Prescription stimulant diversion on a college campus: Intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates. J Drug Issues 2020; 50:329-340. [PMID: 34305170 DOI: 10.1177/0022042620917103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Prescription stimulant diversion is a behavior that increases the availability and accessibility of prescription stimulants for purposes such as misuse. As such, we aimed to develop a theory-guided understanding of diversion correlates. Methods Data are from a probability sample of 499 undergraduate college students attending one California university. Participants completed a 100-item survey related to prescription stimulant misuse and diversion. We first calculated prevalence of diversion and associations with demographic variables. Next, to examine intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates of diversion, we estimated three separate nested logistic regression models. Results Prescription stimulant diversion was reported by approximately 10% of the sample. In the nested logistic analyses, diversion was found to be associated with intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental variables. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of examining a comprehensive set of correlates to identify subgroups of students at risk for engaging in sharing and/or selling of prescription stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cammie Lam
- California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Wilma Figueroa
- California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Kyle Yomogida
- California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Niloofar Bavarian
- Health Science Department, California State University Long, Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840
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25
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Ayosanmi OS, Oden L, Ayosanmi T, Alli BY, Wen M, Johnson J. Acceptability of HIV Screening in a Sample of International Students in the United States. Int J MCH AIDS 2020; 9:297-305. [PMID: 33344041 PMCID: PMC7734568 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES HIV transmission from persons unaware of their HIV status occurs more commonly than those who are aware of their status. Knowledge of one's HIV status may encourage preventive behaviors. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many international students may be willing to accept HIV screening, but empirical evidence to support this claim is lacking. We sought to determine the willingness of international students in the United States (US) to accept HIV screening, if offered. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey of international students at Western Illinois University, USA. The independent variable was the sociodemographic data of our participants; the dependent variable was the acceptance of HIV screening. The covariates were knowledge about HIV and the factors associated with the acceptance of the screening. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 185 respondents out of 491 students participated in the online survey. Of these, 107 (57.8%) were males, and 78 (42.8%) were females. Most of the respondents were from Asian countries (64.9%) and African countries (24.9%). The prevalence of acceptance of HIV screening was 74%. Among participants willing to accept screening, if offered, 90% perceived screening would be beneficial to their health. Meanwhile, 83% of those who would refuse the screening were not sexually active. CONCLUSION AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Many international students may be interested in getting HIV screening if offered. Awareness of the benefits of HIV screening may influence the decision to screen. Findings may inform further studies that will lead to policy formulations for the health of international students in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Stephen Ayosanmi
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Works, Western Illinois University, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Lorette Oden
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Works, Western Illinois University, USA
| | | | | | - Mei Wen
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Works, Western Illinois University, USA
| | - Jamie Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Works, Western Illinois University, USA
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26
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DiBello AM, Miller MB, Merrill JE, Carey KB. A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Prediction of Alcohol-Induced Blackout Intention and Frequency. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:225-232. [PMID: 31803966 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as an explanatory model for alcohol-induced blackouts among college students. Blackouts are periods of time wherein individuals continue to function and engage in their social environment but do not remember it as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol. Social cognitive factors posited within TPB, such as perceived norms and personal attitudes toward alcohol consumption, are reliable predictors of alcohol use and related problems. However, research to date has not examined these theoretical antecedents as predictors of alcohol-induced blackout. METHODS College students with a history of blackout (N = 384) completed a baseline survey, and a subsample (N = 120) completed a 1-month follow-up survey. Negative binomial mediation models were used to evaluate intentions to blackout as a mediator of the norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout-blackout frequency association at baseline and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout all significantly predicted blackout intentions at baseline, which in turn predicted more frequent blackouts both at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Notably, blackout attitudes demonstrated both direct and indirect associations with blackout frequency. CONCLUSIONS Prospective analyses provided partial support for the TPB, with only attitudes and intentions demonstrating prospective associations with actual blackout frequency. Given the particularly strong association between blackout attitudes and frequency of blackouts, attitudes may represent an important and novel target for prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kate B Carey
- Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Merrill JE, Boyle HK, Jackson KM, Carey KB. Event-Level Correlates of Drinking Events Characterized by Alcohol-Induced Blackouts. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2599-2606. [PMID: 31557348 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research identifies a range of potential predictors of blackouts and suggests that blackouts increase risk for additional negative consequences. However, these studies are based on epidemiological work that allows us to draw conclusions about groups of people but not within-person processes. The present study examined within-person, event-level correlates of blackouts. METHODS Ninety-six heavy drinking college students (52% female) completed 28 days of daily reports of alcohol use and consequences, including blackouts. Thirty-three participants reported 56 blackouts. Hierarchical linear modeling compared morning reports of drinking events on which participants did versus did not report a blackout, controlling for total drinks at the event. RESULTS Blackout likelihood increased as a function of total drinks consumed and of crossing thresholds for heavy episodic drinking (4+/5+ drinks for women/men) and high-intensity drinking (8+/10+). Participants reported a higher total number of additional negative consequences on blackout events. Specific consequences that were more likely included embarrassing oneself and hangover. Blackouts were associated with morning ratings of less positive mood and a less favorable drinking event. Motives for drinking and simultaneous use of marijuana were not associated with blackouts. CONCLUSIONS Event-level findings of this study document that events leading to alcohol-induced memory loss are associated with other adverse experiences relative to drinking events that do not result in blackout, and offer potentially motivational levers for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Holly K Boyle
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Aflakseir A, Rasooli Esini M, Goodarzi M, Molazadeh J. Individuals with Mental Illness and Stigma Reduction: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of College Students. Iran J Psychiatry 2019; 14:297-301. [PMID: 32071603 PMCID: PMC7007504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Stigma has a significant impact on the life of individuals with mental illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of contact with the mentally ill with stigmatizing attitudes in a group of college students. Method : A total of 287 college students participated in this study. The participants were recruited from Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling and completed the research measures including the Level of Familiarity (LOF) and the Attribution questionnaires (AQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The descriptive findings of this study showed that the participants' highest score on stigmatizing attitudes was related to pity and the least score was related to anger towards people with mental illness. Furthermore, the regression analysis results indicated that personal contact, family contact, and work contact with individuals with mental illness significantly predicted stigma reduction, while other types of contacts with the mentally ill, such as friend contact, social contact, and media contact, did not significantly predict stigma reduction. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant role of having contact with the mentally ill in reducing stigmatizing attitudes towards them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Aflakseir
- Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Postal Code: 7184856431. Tel: 98-7136134686, Fax: 98-7136286441,
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Valenstein-Mah H, Simpson TL, Bowen S, Enkema MC, Bird ER, Cho HI, Larimer ME. Feasibility pilot of a brief mindfulness intervention for college students with posttraumatic stress symptoms and problem drinking. Mindfulness (N Y) 2019; 10:1255-1268. [PMID: 31537988 PMCID: PMC6752739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A significant subset of college students experience PTSD symptoms, and many engage in problematic alcohol use. Some college students with PTSD symptoms may use alcohol and other substances to cope with their symptoms, and those with PTSD experience more negative alcohol and drug consequences than those without PTSD. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been successfully utilized for individuals with PTSD or substance use disorders. However, to date, no studies have evaluated MBIs for college students with co-occurring PTSD symptoms and problem drinking. METHOD This study was a feasibility pilot of a 4-week group loving-kindness meditation (LKM) intervention, a practice of intentionally directing well wishes to oneself and others. LKM was compared to referral to treatment as usual (RTAU) for non-treatment seeking college students (N=75) with PTSD symptoms and problem drinking. RESULTS Overall, the LKM group had low to moderate feasibility and acceptability among college students, as recruitment was lower than expected and attendance at LKM groups was modest. Participants' PTSD symptoms, drinking quantity, and negative drinking consequences decreased, and state mindfulness increased over the course of the study, but there were no significant differences between LKM and RTAU on these outcomes. Additionally, higher coping drinking motives predicted greater PTSD symptoms and more drinking consequences over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Effective interventions for college students with PTSD symptoms and problematic alcohol use are needed, especially for individuals who drink to cope with their PTSD symptoms. Future research on LKM that addresses the limitations of the current study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy L Simpson
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Matt C Enkema
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth R Bird
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hye In Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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30
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Smith RL, Salvatore JE, Aliev F, Neale Z, Barr P, Dick DM. Genes, Roommates, and Residence Halls: A Multidimensional Study of the Role of Peer Drinking on College Students' Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1254-1262. [PMID: 31034622 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer drinking is one of the most robust predictors of college students' alcohol use and can moderate students' genetic risk for alcohol use. Peer effect research generally suffers from 2 problems: selection into peer groups and relying more on perceptions of peer alcohol use than peers' self-report. The goal of the present study was to overcome those limitations by capitalizing on a genetically informed sample of randomly assigned college roommates to examine multiple dimensions of peer influence and the interplay between peer effects and genetic predisposition on alcohol use, in the form of polygenic scores. METHODS We used a subsample (n = 755) of participants from a university-wide, longitudinal study at a large, diverse, urban university. Participants reported their own alcohol use during fall and spring and their perceptions of college peers' alcohol use in spring. We matched individuals into their rooms and residence halls to create a composite score of peer-reported alcohol use for each of those levels. We examined multiple dimensions of peer influence and whether peer influence moderated genetic predisposition to predict college students' alcohol use using multilevel models to account for clustering at the room and residence hall level. RESULTS We found that polygenic scores (β = 0.12), perceptions of peer drinking (β = 0.37), and roommates' self-reported drinking (β = 0.10) predicted alcohol use (all ps < 0.001), while average alcohol use across residence hall did not (β = -0.01, p = 0.86). We found no evidence for interactions between peer influence and genome-wide polygenic scores for alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of genetic predisposition on individual alcohol use and support the potentially causal nature of the association between peer influence and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Zoe Neale
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Acuff SF, Voss AT, Dennhardt AA, Borsari B, Martens MP, Murphy JG. Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:988-996. [PMID: 30973651 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short-term memories into long-term ones, are among the most severe alcohol-related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol-induced blackouts. METHODS Four interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check-Up To Go [e-Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single-session brief motivational intervention (BMI; Study 1); (iii) a BMI plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance-free activities (BMI + Substance-Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a BMI plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (BMI + Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment-only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol-induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout over time. RESULTS Neither the single-session BMI nor e-Chug reduced alcohol-induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the BMI + SFAS or BMI + Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol-induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1-month (Wald = 4.77, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.03) and 6-month follow-ups (Wald = 5.72, OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the BMI + SFAS over the BMI + Relaxation Training condition at 6 months (Wald = 4.11 OR = 0.22, p = 0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2-session BMIs lasted 6 months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment-only and intervention conditions. CONCLUSIONS Two sessions of BMI are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol-induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew T Voss
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B) San Francisco VA Health Care System , San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry , University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew P Martens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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Fazzino TL, Forbush K, Sullivan D, Befort CA. A Prospective Study of Alcohol Use Patterns and Short-Term Weight Change in College Freshmen. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1016-1026. [PMID: 30889279 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition to college is a developmentally sensitive time in which freshmen are at high risk for engaging in heavy drinking and experiencing changes in weight and body composition. The study tested prospective associations among drinking patterns (weekly drinks, heavy drinking occasions/month) and alcohol calorie intake on weight and waist circumference change over the first year of college. METHODS College freshmen (N = 103) were randomly selected from a pool of eligible students to participate at the beginning of the academic year. The sample was comprised of 52% males, 46% of individuals identifying as racial or ethnic minority, and 45% students with at-risk drinking as defined by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questions. Students engaging in daily risky drinking (n = 2) were excluded. Participants attended 3 visits during the academic year during which they provided weight and waist circumference measurements and completed assessments about drinking, dietary intake, and physical activity. RESULTS Weight gain (>2.3 kg) occurred in 28% of participants. In linear mixed models, drinking patterns and alcohol calorie intake were not associated with weight or waist circumference changes within individuals, when controlling for demographic and energy balance variables. Drinking patterns and alcohol calorie intake did not account for differences in anthropometric measurements between participants, when controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use did not explain the anthropometric changes observed in a sample well represented by freshmen engaging in risky drinking (and excluding those with daily risky drinking) during the academic year. Drinking may not contribute to short-term weight gain among freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tera L Fazzino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kelsie Forbush
- Department of Psychology , University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Debra Sullivan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Christie A Befort
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Villarosa-Hurlocker MC, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR. The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol and Marijuana Use Outcomes Among Concurrent Users: A Motivational Model of Substance Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:732-740. [PMID: 30830692 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students with more social anxiety symptoms are particularly vulnerable to problematic alcohol and marijuana use given their susceptibility for elevated anxiety symptoms in social settings combined with the normative nature of substance use. Existing research has established substance use as coping motivated for these students when examining alcohol and marijuana use problems separately. The next step is to determine whether students with more social anxiety who use both substances do so for similar or different reasons. The current study tested a comprehensive (i.e., all variables in the same model) motivational model of alcohol/marijuana use in a sample of college students from 10 universities across the United States who endorsed both past-month alcohol and marijuana use. METHODS College students were recruited through psychology department participant pools and completed an online survey assessing mental health symptoms, substance use motives, and substances use behaviors. Current sample comprised concurrent alcohol/marijuana users (n = 2,034), 29.6% of whom endorsed clinically indicated levels of social anxiety and nearly one-fourth exceeded the cutoff for hazardous drinking (23.2%) and hazardous marijuana use (21.9%). RESULTS Across both substances, coping motives significantly mediated the positive relationship between social anxiety symptoms and substance use problems. Unique to alcohol, conformity motives mediated the association between social anxiety symptoms and alcohol-related problems. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, students with more social anxiety who are focused on anxiety management may use either alcohol or marijuana; however, these students may experience more alcohol-related problems when drinking to fit in with peers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Collington D, Carter M, Tolliver A, Turner-Musa J. Sexual Assault Among College Students Attending a Historically Black College/University. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 15:37-45. [PMID: 32982606 PMCID: PMC7517605 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2019.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sexual assault constitutes a significant public health problem on college campuses including historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU). Recent research suggests that sexual assault is increasing on college campuses. However, there are few studies examining the prevalence and risk factors for sexual assault at HBCUs. To address this gap, the current study examined the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of sexual assault at an HBCU. Participants in the study were 264 undergraduate students from an HBCU in the mid-Atlantic region. The majority of participants were female (71%), African American (91%), and seniors (41%). After providing informed consent, participants completed a Climate Assessment survey administered by the university's Office of Diversity. Findings revealed that since starting college about 20% of students experienced sexual contact without consent. Of those sexually assaulted, 20% reported they were incapacitated or under the influence of alcohol (15%) at the time of the assault. About 17% of those assaulted experienced a physical injury and/or poor mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression, flashbacks). Participants reported not disclosing information of their assault due to embarrassment, afraid of retaliation from the perpetrator, believing it was a private matter. Close friends were more likely to be told about sexual assault. The study supports the need to address sexual assault on HBCU campuses through strong prevention and intervention programs and to address barriers to reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markea Carter
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aliyah Tolliver
- Department of Psychology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD
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Jochman JC, Cheadle JE, Goosby BJ, Tomaso C, Kozikowski C, Nelson T. Mental Health Outcomes of Discrimination among College Students on a Predominately White Campus: A Prospective Study. Socius 2019; 5:10.1177/2378023119842728. [PMID: 31819906 PMCID: PMC6900932 DOI: 10.1177/2378023119842728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination is a social stressor harmful to mental health. In this paper, we explore the links between mental health and interpersonal discrimination-related social events, exposure to vicarious racism via social media, and rumination on racial injustices using a daily diary design. We utilize data from a racially diverse sample of 149 college students with 1,489 unique time observations at a large predominantly White university. Results show that interpersonal discrimination-related social events predicted greater self-reported anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and loneliness both daily and on average over time. Vicarious racism from day-to- day was associated with increased anxiety symptoms. In contrast, rumination was not associated with negative mental health outcomes. These findings document an increased day-to-day mental health burden for minority students arising from frustrating and alienating social encounters experienced individually or learned about vicariously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Jochman
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Sociology Oldfather Hall 711
| | - Jacob E Cheadle
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Sociology, Patton Hall 2.622F,
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Hultgren BA, Turrisi R, Mallett KA, Ackerman S, Larimer ME, McCarthy D, Romano E. A Longitudinal Examination of Decisions to Ride and Decline Rides with Drinking Drivers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1748-1755. [PMID: 29944183 PMCID: PMC6120778 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riding with a drinking driver (RWDD) is a serious concern that leads to numerous preventable deaths every year. There is a significant gap in research on empirically tested predictors of RWDD that could be implemented in prevention efforts. College students are in need of such prevention efforts, as they have some of the highest rates of alcohol-related crash fatalities and may engage in RWDD more than their noncollege peers. This study utilized behavioral decision-making approach to examine predictors of RWDD and declining a ride from a drinking driver (Decline) in older college students. METHODS Students (n = 791) in their third year of college were enrolled from 3 large and diverse universities. Psychosocial (e.g., expectancies, norms) and decision-making variables (willingness to RWDD and intentions to use alternatives) were assessed in the fall of their third year. One year later, RWDD and Decline behaviors were assessed. Zero-inflated Poisson analyses were used to assess how decision-making variables predicted RWDD and Decline behavior. Associations between psychosocial and decision-making variables were also assessed. RESULTS Thirteen percent of students reported RWDD and ~28% reported Decline behavior. Willingness to RWDD and typical weekly drinking were both associated with increases in RWDD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58 and 1.40, respectively), whereas intentions to use alternatives, sex, and ethnicity were not associated with RWDD. Only weekly drinking was associated with Decline, with an increase in drinking associated with increased Decline (OR = 1.48). All psychosocial variables were significantly associated with the decision-making variables except positive expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that willingness to RWDD is a predictor of future RWDD, even if students intend to use safe alternatives. Future research is needed to better understand decision-making factors that influence Decline. Results also suggest prevention and interventions efforts, such as brief motivational intervention, Parent-Based Interventions, and normative feedback interventions could be adapted to reduce RWDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Hultgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Ackerman
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Denis McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
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37
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Braitman AL, Lau-Barraco C. Personalized Boosters After a Computerized Intervention Targeting College Drinking: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1735-1747. [PMID: 29995326 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic drinking among emerging adult college students is extensive. Computer-delivered interventions (CDIs) have strong appeal because they can be quickly delivered to large numbers of students. Although they are efficacious in the short term, CDIs are not as efficacious as in-person interventions longer term. This study examined the utility of emailed boosters containing personalized feedback after a CDI to enhance and extend reductions among emerging adult college drinkers. Sex and age were explored as potential moderators. METHODS Participants were 537 college students (67.4% female) aged 18 to 24 years (M age = 19.65, SD = 1.67) who consumed at least 1 alcoholic drink in the past 2 weeks. They were randomly assigned to CDI-only, CDI + booster email, or an assessment-only control condition, and were assessed up to 9 months postintervention. A booster email with personalized feedback was sent to the CDI + booster email group 2 weeks after completion of the CDI. RESULTS Moderation findings for age revealed that the booster may be an effective means to strengthen and extend intervention effects for emerging adults who are of legal drinking age. However, effects were negligible for underage drinkers. Although the booster effect for the overall sample demonstrated a trend in the expected direction, it failed to reach significance. Booster effects were not significantly moderated by sex. Intervention effects were not moderated by either age or sex. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation contributes to a limited body of research on boosters to augment main intervention effects in college drinkers. Our study demonstrated that a brief CDI plus a simple email booster with personalized feedback resulted in significant reductions in drinking outcomes for emerging adults of legal drinking age. Efforts to further develop and refine intervention booster strategies represent a promising future direction to minimize harmful drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia
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38
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Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Kelley ML. Mindfulness and Psychological Health Outcomes: A Latent Profile Analysis among Military Personnel and College Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:258-70. [PMID: 29430258 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on trait mindfulness facets using person-centered analyses (e.g., latent profile analysis [LPA]) has identified four distinct mindfulness profiles among college students: a high mindfulness group (high on all facets of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]), a judgmentally observing group (highest on observing, but low on non-judging of inner experience and acting with awareness), a non-judgmentally aware group (high on non-judging of inner experience and acting with awareness, but very low on observing), and a low mindfulness group (low on all facets of the FFMQ). In the present study, we used LPA to identify distinct mindfulness profiles in a community based sample of U.S. military personnel (majority veterans; n = 407) and non-military college students (n = 310) and compare these profiles on symptoms of psychological health outcomes (e.g., suicidality, PTSD, anxiety, rumination) and percentage of participants exceeding clinically significant cut-offs for depressive symptoms, substance use, and alcohol use. In the subsample of college students, we replicated previous research and found four distinct mindfulness profiles; however, in the military subsample we found three distinct mindfulness profiles (a combined low mindfulness/judgmentally observing class). In both subsamples, we found that the most adaptive profile was the "high mindfulness" profile (i.e., demonstrated the lowest scores on all psychological symptoms and the lowest probability of exceeding clinical cut-offs). Based on these findings, we purport that the comprehensive examination of an individual's mindfulness profile could help clinicians tailor interventions/treatments that capitalize on individual's specific strengths and work to address their specific deficits.
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39
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Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Wilson AD, Witkiewitz K. When Traits Match States: Examining the Associations between Self-Report Trait and State Mindfulness following a State Mindfulness Induction. Mindfulness (N Y) 2017; 9:199-211. [PMID: 29430257 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has found inconsistent relationships between trait mindfulness and state mindfulness. To extend previous research, we sought to examine the unique associations between self-report trait mindfulness and state mindfulness by levels of meditation experience (meditation-naïve vs. meditation-experienced) and by mindfulness induction (experimentally induced mindful state vs. control group). We recruited 299 college students (93 with previous mindfulness meditation experience) to participate in an experiment that involved the assessment of five facets of trait mindfulness (among other constructs), followed by a mindfulness induction (vs. control), followed by the assessment of state mindfulness of body and mind. Correlational analyses revealed limited associations between trait mindfulness facets and facets of state mindfulness, and demonstrated that a brief mindfulness exercise focused on bodily sensations and the breath elicited higher state mindfulness of body but not state mindfulness of mind. We found significant interactions such that individuals with previous meditation experience and higher scores on the observing facet of trait mindfulness had the highest levels of state mindfulness of body and mind. Among individuals with meditation experience, the strengths of the associations between observing trait mindfulness and the state mindfulness facets increased with frequency of meditation practice. Some other interactions ran counter to expectations. Overall, the relatively weak associations between trait and state mindfulness demonstrates the need to improve our operationalizations of mindfulness, advance our understanding of how to best cultivate mindfulness, and reappraise the ways in which mindfulness can manifest as a state and as a trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Adam D Wilson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
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40
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Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Johnson K, Heinecke N, Agrawal S, Bolton B. Preventing Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Administered Version of Project CHOICES with College Students and Nonstudents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1182-1190. [PMID: 28387007 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEPs) are a preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities for which many women are at risk. The initial 5-session Project CHOICES intervention was found to prevent AEPs. In the ensuing decade, there have been several additional CHOICES-like studies. This study, Project Healthy CHOICES, had 2 objectives: (i) to compare outcomes for students versus nonstudents; and (ii) to test a self-administered mail-based version of the Project CHOICES intervention. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared 2 interventions for women of childbearing age (18 to 44) who were at risk of an AEP: (i) motivational feedback based on Project CHOICES and (ii) information only. Advertisements recruited 354 women (145 college students; 209 nonstudents) at risk of an AEP. Intervention and study materials were available in English and Spanish. Of the 354 women, 44% were minorities (25% identified as Hispanics). RESULTS At the 6-month follow-up, the interventions did not differ and there was no Intervention by Student Study interaction. However, over the entire 6-month follow-up, significantly more students (68%) than nonstudents (46%) were not at risk of an AEP (2.1 odds ratio; confidence interval = 1.47 to 2.95). For all groups, risk reduction occurred primarily through effective contraception. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between the 2 interventions. However, over the entire 6-month follow-up interval, college students were significantly more likely than nonstudents to not be at risk of an AEP and to use effective contraception. While the student groups had significantly higher reduced risk of AEP outcomes, there was also substantial risk reduction for women in the information only condition. These results suggest that the most effective AEP prevention efforts would be to inform women at risk that they could become pregnant. Because about half of all pregnancies are unplanned, identifying women at risk and preventing the risk of AEPs should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Carter Sobell
- College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Mark B Sobell
- College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Kenneth Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | | | | | - Burt Bolton
- College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
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41
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Linden-Carmichael AN, Lau-Barraco C. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Daily Context of Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:863-869. [PMID: 28207926 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmEDs) and alcohol-related harms is well established, but limited research has examined the context in which AmEDs are consumed. Identifying the social and environmental characteristics of use may illuminate whether AmEDs are used in settings that could increase the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors or experiencing harms. This study used a 2-week daily diary assessment to compare days in which AmEDs were consumed ("AmED days") and days where other types of alcohol were used ("non-AmED days") on where, when, and with whom drinking occurred. METHODS Participants were 122 (90 women) heavy drinking college students who reported mixing caffeine with alcohol at least once in the past week. Data were collected across 389 drinking days; 40 of these days involved AmED use. RESULTS Multilevel modeling findings revealed that odds of drinking AmEDs were higher on days where individuals drank at a bar or club and drank at home relative to other locations. In addition, odds of pregaming were higher on AmED days as compared to non-AmED days. AmED use was linked with lower odds of drinking game behavior. CONCLUSIONS Overall, AmEDs appear to be consumed in potentially risky contexts. In combination with prior findings that AmED days are linked with heavier alcohol use and more harms experienced, these findings support the unique nature of AmED consumption in terms of the factors that may predict or maintain potentially hazardous drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Linden-Carmichael
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Department of Biobehavioral Health and The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia
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42
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Fucito LM, DeMartini KS, Hanrahan TH, Yaggi HK, Heffern C, Redeker NS. Using Sleep Interventions to Engage and Treat Heavy-Drinking College Students: A Randomized Pilot Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:798-809. [PMID: 28118486 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued high alcohol consumption levels by college students highlight the need for more effective alcohol interventions and novel treatment engagement strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate a behavioral sleep intervention as a means to engage heavy-drinking college students in treatment and reduce alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. METHODS Heavy-drinking college students (N = 42) were assigned to 1 of 2 web-based interventions comprised of 4 modules delivered over 4 weeks. The experimental intervention focused primarily on sleep and included evidence-based sleep content (i.e., stimulus control instructions, sleep scheduling [consistent bed/rise times; ideal sleep duration for adolescents/young adults], sleep hygiene advice, relaxation training, cognitive strategies to target sleep-disruptive beliefs), and alcohol content (i.e., normative and blood alcohol level feedback, moderate drinking guidelines, controlled drinking strategies, effects of alcohol on sleep and the body, advice to moderate drinking for improved sleep) in young adults. The control condition Healthy Behaviors provided basic advice about nutrition, exercise, sleep (i.e., good sleep hygiene only), and drinking (i.e., effects of alcohol on the body, moderate drinking guidelines, advice to moderate drinking for sleep). Participants in both conditions monitored their sleep using daily web-based diaries and a wrist-worn sleep tracker. RESULTS Recruitment ads targeting college students with sleep concerns effectively identified heavy-drinking students. The program generated a high number of inquiries and treatment completion rates were high. Both interventions significantly reduced typical week drinking and alcohol-related consequences and improved sleep quality and sleep-related impairment ratings. The control condition yielded greater reductions in total drinks in a heaviest drinking week. The effects on drinking were larger than those observed in typical brief alcohol intervention studies for college students. Greater sleep improvement tended to predict better subsequent drinking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that sleep treatment may be a promising strategy for targeting and treating heavy-drinking college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.,Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly S DeMartini
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tess H Hanrahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry Klar Yaggi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina Heffern
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nancy S Redeker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Nursing, West Haven, Connecticut
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43
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Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Bugbee BA, Vincent KB, O'Grady KE. Energy Drink Use Patterns Among Young Adults: Associations with Drunk Driving. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2456-2466. [PMID: 27676240 PMCID: PMC5074694 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly caffeinated "energy drinks" (ED) are commonly consumed and sometimes mixed with alcohol. Associations between ED consumption, risk-taking, and alcohol-related problems have been observed. This study examines the relationship between ED consumption-both with and without alcohol-and drunk driving. METHODS Data were derived from a longitudinal study of college students assessed annually via personal interviews. In Year 6 (modal age 23; n = 1,000), participants self-reported their past-year frequency of drunk driving, ED consumption patterns (frequency of drinking alcohol mixed with energy drinks [AmED] and drinking energy drinks without alcohol [ED]), alcohol use (frequency, quantity), and other caffeine consumption. Earlier assessments captured suspected risk factors for drunk driving. Structural equation modeling was used to develop an explanatory model for the association between ED consumption patterns and drunk driving frequency while accounting for other suspected risk factors. RESULTS More than half (57%) consumed ED at least once during the past year. Among ED consumers, 71% drank AmED and 85% drank ED alone; many (56%) engaged in both styles of ED consumption while others specialized in one or the other (29% drank ED alone exclusively, while, 15% drank AmED exclusively). After accounting for other risk factors, ED consumption was associated with drunk driving frequency in 2 ways. First, a direct path existed from ED frequency (without alcohol) to drunk driving frequency. Second, an indirect path existed from AmED frequency through alcohol quantity to drunk driving frequency. CONCLUSIONS Among this sample, ED consumption with and without alcohol was common, and both styles of ED consumption contributed independently to drunk driving frequency. Results call for increased attention to the impact of different patterns of ED consumption on alcohol-related consequences, such as drunk driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland.
| | - Kimberly M Caldeira
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Brittany A Bugbee
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kevin E O'Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alcohol use is prevalent among college students and may contribute to sexual risk behavior engagement. A narrative review of the recent empirical literature examining the association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among college student samples was conducted. The purpose of this review was to: (a) review studies examining the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors; and (b) overview research investigating alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics as factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation among college students. RECENT FINDINGS Findings regarding the direct link between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors were mixed. Results suggest a more nuanced association between alcohol and risky sexual behaviors that is influenced by alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics. SUMMARY Results highlight the importance of considering additional factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation. Future interventions targeting alcohol-related sexual risk behavior engagement among college students are needed.
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45
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Savage JE, Neale Z, Cho SB, Hancock L, Kalmijn JA, Smith TL, Schuckit MA, Donovan KK, Dick DM. Level of response to alcohol as a factor for targeted prevention in college students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:2215-23. [PMID: 26503068 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol problems among college students are widespread and associated with negative outcomes for individuals and communities. Although current methods for prevention and intervention programming have some demonstrated efficacy, heavy drinking remains a problem. A previous pilot study and a recent large-scale evaluation (Schuckit et al., , ) found that a tailored prevention program based on a risk factor for heavy drinking, low level of response (low LR) to alcohol, was more effective at reducing heavy drinking than a state-of-the-art (SOTA) standard prevention program for individuals with the low LR risk factor. METHODS This study enrolled 231 first-semester college freshmen with either high or low LR into the same level of response-based (LRB) or SOTA online prevention programs as in the previous reports (consisting of 4 weeks of video modules), as well as a group of matched controls not receiving alcohol prevention, and compared changes in alcohol use between these groups across a 6-month period. RESULTS Individuals in alcohol prevention programs had a greater reduction in maximum drinks per occasion and alcohol use disorder symptoms than controls. There was limited evidence for interactions between LR and prevention group in predicting change in alcohol use behaviors; only among participants with strict adherence to the program was there an interaction between LR and program in predicting maximum drinks per occasion. However, overall, low LR individuals showed greater decreases in drinking behaviors, especially risky behaviors (e.g., maximum drinks, frequency of heavy drinking) than high LR individuals. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that prevention programs, including brief and relatively inexpensive web-based programs, may be effective for persons at highest risk for heavier drinking, such as those with a low LR. Tailored programs may provide incremental benefits under some conditions. Long-term follow-ups and further investigations of tailored prevention programs based on other risk factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zoe Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Seung Bin Cho
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Linda Hancock
- Wellness Resource Center , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jelger A Kalmijn
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California, San Diego, California
| | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Departments of African American Studies and Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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46
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Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Allen HK, Vincent KB, Bugbee BA, O'Grady KE. Drinking Like an Adult? Trajectories of Alcohol Use Patterns Before and After College Graduation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:583-90. [PMID: 26893253 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students who engage in high-risk drinking patterns are thought to "mature out" of these patterns as they transition to adult roles. College graduation is an important milestone demarcating this transition. We examine longitudinal changes in quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption between the college years and the 4 years after graduation and explore variation in these changes by gender and race/ethnicity. METHODS Participants were 1,128 college graduates enrolled in a longitudinal prospective study of health-risk behaviors. Standard measures of alcohol consumption were gathered during 8 annual personal interviews (76 to 91% annual follow-up). Graduation dates were culled from administrative data and self-report. Spline models, in which separate trajectories were modeled before and after the "knot" of college graduation, were fit to 8 annual observations of past-year alcohol use frequency and quantity (typical number of drinks/drinking day). RESULTS Frequency increased linearly pregraduation, slightly decreased postgraduation, and then rebounded to pregraduation levels. Pregraduation frequency increased more steeply among individuals who drank more heavily at college entry. Quantity decreased linearly during college, followed by quadratic decreases after graduation. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the postcollege "maturing-out" phenomenon might be attributable to decreases in alcohol quantity but not frequency. High-frequency drinking patterns that develop during college appear to persist several years postgraduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly M Caldeira
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hannah K Allen
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Brittany A Bugbee
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kevin E O'Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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47
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Marino EN, Fromme K. Early Onset Drinking Predicts Greater Level But Not Growth of Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Beyond the Effect of Binge Drinking During Emerging Adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:599-605. [PMID: 26853696 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset drinking is associated with later heavy drinking and related consequences. Early drinking onset and binge drinking are also independently associated with blackouts, which are periods of amnesia for events during a drinking episode. The objective of this study was to examine how early onset drinking relates to changes in the frequency of experiencing blackouts across 3 years controlling for year-specific binge drinking. METHODS Participants (N = 1,145; 67.9% female) from a 6-year, longitudinal study are included in these analyses. Measures of self-reported age at drinking onset included ages at first drink, first high, and first drunk, which were used to create a latent early onset drinking factor. Frequency of binge drinking and blackouts were assessed annually during Years 4 to 6. RESULTS Overall, 69.2% of participants reported experiencing blackouts. After controlling for year-specific binge drinking, a growth curve model indicated that early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts at Year 4. There were, however, no significant effects of acceleration or deceleration in the frequency of blackouts across the 3 years. Early onset drinkers continued to experience more frequent blackouts compared with those who initiated alcohol use later, despite decreases in binge drinking over time. CONCLUSIONS Early onset drinkers reported more frequent blackouts across all 3 years, indicating that early alcohol initiation predisposes those individuals to continue to experience more frequent blackouts, despite a decrease in their binge drinking. This may be due to various factors, such as altered hippocampal development and functioning resulting from early alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Marino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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48
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Abstract
In non-meditating samples, distinct facets of mindfulness are found to be negatively correlated, preventing the meaningful creation of a total mindfulness score. The present study used person-centered analyses to distinguish subgroups of college students based on their mindfulness scores, which allows the examination of individuals who are high (or low) on all facets of mindfulness. Using the Lo-Mendell-Rubin Adjusted LRT test, we settled on a 4-class solution that included a high mindfulness group (high on all 5 facets, N = 245), low mindfulness group (moderately low on all 5 facets, N = 563), judgmentally observing group (high on observing, but low on non-judging and acting with awareness, N =63), and non-judgmentally aware group (low on observing, but high on non-judging and acting with awareness, N =70). Consistent across all emotional outcomes including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms (i.e., worry), affective instability, and distress intolerance, we found that the judgmentally observing group had the most maladaptive emotional outcomes followed by the low mindfulness group. Both the high mindfulness group and the non-judgmentally aware group had the most adaptive emotional outcomes. We discuss the implications of person-centered analyses to exploring mindfulness as it relates to important psychological health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Adrienne K Lawless
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - David B Brown
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE Develop and demonstrate preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire aimed at assessing social cognitive determinants of physical activity (PA) in a college population. DESIGN Quantitative and observational. SETTING A midsized northeastern university. SUBJECTS Convenience sample of 827 male and female college students age 18 to 24 years. MEASURES International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a PA stage-of-change algorithm. ANALYSIS A sequential process of survey development, including item generation and data reduction analyses by factor analysis, was followed with the goal of creating a parsimonious questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used for confirmatory factor analysis and construct validation was confirmed against self-reported PA and stage of change. Validation analyses were replicated in a second, independent sample of 1032 college students. RESULTS Fifteen items reflecting PA self-regulation, outcome expectations, and personal barriers explained 65% of the questionnaire data and explained 28.6% and 39.5% of the variance in total PA and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, respectively. Scale scores were distinguishable across the stages of change. Findings were similar when the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) was tested in a similar and independent sample of college students (40%; R (2) moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA = .40; p < .001). CONCLUSION The CBPAQ successfully explains and predicts PA behavior in a college population, warranting its incorporation into future studies aiming at understanding and improving on PA behavior in college students.
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50
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Abstract
Given that alcohol use is highly prevalent at US colleges, we explored factors related to problem drinking behaviors (PDB; binge drinking, driving after drinking, sexual intercourse after drinking) among 4098 Black and White students from two- and four-year colleges who completed an online survey. We found an interaction between race and sex such that, among Whites, females had less PDB than males (B = 0.09, CI: 0.05; 0.40, p = 0.01). An interaction between race and school type also existed, such that White students from four-year schools had greater PDB (B = 0.11, CI: 0.20; 0.54, p < 0.001). An interaction between race and stress suggested that Black students were more negatively affected by stress in terms of PBD (B = 0.12, CI: 0.01; 0.07, p = 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tran
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Eric J Nehl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jessica Sales
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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