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de Almeida Júnior JS, da Silva ÉBS, Moraes TMP, Kasper AAM, Sartoratto A, Baratto LC, de Oliveira ECP, Oliveira E, Barata LES, Minervino AHH, Moraes WP. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Oleoresin from the Amazonian Tree Copaifera reticulata with an Unusual Chemical Composition in Rats. Vet Sci 2021; 8:320. [PMID: 34941847 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Copaifera reticulata Ducke is a popularly known species known as copaíba that is widely spread throughout the Amazon region. The tree yields an oleoresin which is extensively used in local traditional medicine mainly as an anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of this oleoresin obtained from a national forest in the central Amazon which presented an unusual chemical composition. The chemical composition of volatile compounds of oleoresin was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity assay was performed with a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and air pouch assays using four different C. reticulata oleoresin concentrations (10, 100, and 400 mg/kg). The exudate was evaluated for nitrite concentration through the colorimetric method and for TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2 by ELISA. C. reticulata oleoresin collected in the Amazonian summer contained six major sesquiterpene compounds (β-bisabolene, cis-eudesma-6,11-diene, trans-α-bergamotene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and β-elemene) and was nontoxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, showing low acute toxicity. Different from oleoresin obtained from other sites of the Brazilian Amazon, the major volatile compound found was β-Bisabolene with 25.15%. This β-Bisabolene-rich oleoresin reduced the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan and reduced the global number of cells in the air pouch assay, as well as exudate volume and nitrite, TNF-α, IL-1β, and prostaglandin E2 levels (p < 0.05). C. reticulata oleoresin with a high β-Bisabolene concentration showed anti-inflammatory activity, reducing vascular permeability and consequently edema formation, and thus reducing cell migration and the production of inflammatory cytokine, confirming its traditional use by local Amazonian communities.
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Pfeifer Barbosa AL, Wenzel-Storjohann A, Barbosa JD, Zidorn C, Peifer C, Tasdemir D, Çiçek SS. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the Copaifera reticulata oleoresin and its main diterpene acids. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 233:94-100. [PMID: 30472403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The oleoresin of Brazilian Copaifera reticulata is a traditional remedy used for the treatment of skin and urinary tract infections, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, ulcer and tumours; thus, playing an important role in the primary health care of the indigenous population. AIM As most previous pharmacological tests used the crude oleoresin and only a few studies so far dealt with enriched fractions or pure chemically defined compounds, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the Copaifera reticulata oleoresin and to assign traditional uses to specific secondary metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oleoresin, as well as its neutral and acidic fractions were tested for their activity against six cancer cell lines, two clinically relevant bacterial strains, and two dermatophytes. Both fractions were analysed by GC-MS and UHPLC-ELSD, respectively. The antibacterial acidic phase was further fractionated by preparative chromatography to purify and characterize the compounds responsible for the observed pharmacological effect. RESULTS Whereas no cytotoxic activity was detected, the crude oleoresin and its acidic fraction showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecium (IC50 values 4.2 and 4.8 µg/mL, respectively) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, IC50 values 5.3 and 7.2 µg/mL, respectively). Purification of the acidic fraction of the C. reticulata oleoresin yielded two dicarboxylic diterpene acids and the four main diterpene acids, comprising three different diterpene scaffolds. Interestingly, the activity was not restricted to a particular diterpene-type but rather depended on the compounds' lipophilicity, with the most active constituent showing IC50 values of 1.6 (E. faecium) and 2.5 µg/mL (MRSA), respectively. Furthermore, ent-polyalthic acid, the major diterpenoid, was significantly active against dermatophytes with IC50 values of 6.8 µg/mL (Trichophyton rubrum) and 4.3 µg/mL against (T. mentagrophytes). CONCLUSION The present study proved the antimicrobial effects of the C. reticulata oleoresin and its diterpenoid constituents, confirming its wide use in folk medicine for the treatment of skin and urinary tract infections. The inhibitory activity of copaiba diterpenoids against dermatophytic fungi as well as the gram-positive bacteria E. faecium and MRSA is being reported for the first time, providing potential lead structures for the treatment of these clinically relevant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laís Pfeifer Barbosa
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany.
| | - José Diomedes Barbosa
- Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva, 1000, 68710-080 Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Peifer
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Barbosa MMC, Vicentini FA, Castro-Ghizoni CV, Lameira OA, Sa-Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Peralta RM, Natali MRM, Bracht A, Comar JF. Copaiba Oil Decreases Oxidative Stress and Inflammation But not Colon Damage in Rats with TNBS-Induced Colitis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2018; 18:268-280. [PMID: 29446750 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666180215102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNBS-induced colitis is an experimental immunopathology in rats that shares many features with human inflammatory bowel diseases. Copaiba oleoresin is extracted from plants of the genus Copaifera and is shown to reduce inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the action of copaiba oil (C. reticulata Ducke) on inflammation and oxidative status in the distal colon of colitic rats. METHODS Acute and subchronic colitis were induced in Wistar rats by an intracolonic enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The colonic morphology was assessed by histological analysis and the oxidative stress parameters were measured in the intestinal homogenate. The liver damage markers were measured in the plasma. Control and colitic rats were orally treated either with one single dose (acute colitis) of copaiba oil (1.15 g Kg-1) or once a day during seven days (subchronic colitis). RESULTS The intestinal morphology was severely modified by acute and subchronic colitis, as indicated by the intramural infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and the increased thickness of all colon layers. The levels of TBARS, protein carbonyl groups and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in the intestine of colitic rats. Copaiba oil did not attenuate the inflammatory damage in acute and subchronic colitis, but it decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase, leukocyte infiltration and oxidative stress in the colon. The level of plasma bilirubin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were both increased in treated healthy and colitic rats. CONCLUSION Copaiba oil decreased oxidative stress and inflammation but did not prevent intestinal damage in the colon of colitic rats. The alterations of plasma markers of hepatic damage caused by the oil seem to be associated to its harmful action on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara M C Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar A Lameira
- Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), Center for Agroforestry Research of the Eastern Amazon, 66095100 Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maria R M Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa, 87020900 Maringa, Brazil
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de Souza GAG, da Silva NC, de Souza J, de Oliveira KRM, da Fonseca AL, Baratto LC, de Oliveira ECP, Varotti FDP, Moraes WP. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial potential of oleoresin obtained from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Fabaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Phytomedicine 2017; 24:111-118. [PMID: 28160850 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the wide variety of the flora of the Amazon region, many plants have been studied in the search for new antimalarial agents. Copaifera reticulata is a tree distributed throughout the Amazon region which contains an oleoresin rich in sesquiterpenes and diterpenes with β-caryophyllene as the major compound. The oleoresin has demonstrated antiparasitic activity against Leishmania amazonensis. Because of this previously reported activity, this oleoresin would be expected to also have antimalarial activity. PURPOSE In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial potential of C. reticulata oleoresin. METHODS In vitro assays were done using P. falciparum W2 and 3D7 strains and the human fibroblast cell line 26VA Wi-4. For in vivo analysis, BALB/c mice were infected with approximately 106 erythrocytes parasitized by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were observed over 7 days of treatment with C. reticulata; hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed at the end of experiment. RESULTS The oleoresin of C. reticulata containing the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (41.7%) and β-bisabolene (18.6%) was active against the P. falciparum W2 and 3D7 strains (IC50 = 1.66 and 2.54 µg/ml, respectively) and showed low cytotoxicity against the 26VA Wi-4 cell line (IC50 > 100 µg/ml). The C. reticulata oleoresin reduced the parasitemia levels of infected animals and doses of 200 and 100 mg/kg/day reached a rate of parasitemia elimination resembling that obtained with artemisinin 100 mg/kg/day. In addition, treatment with oleoresin improved the hypoglycemic, hematologic, hepatic and renal parameters of the infected animals. CONCLUSION The oleoresin of C. reticulata has antimalarial properties and future investigations are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana A G de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Brazil
| | - Nazaré C da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Brazil
| | - Juarez de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Esperança de Ensino Superior - IESPES, Brazil
| | - Karen R M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Brazil
| | - Amanda L da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Medicinal, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo C Baratto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil.
| | - Elaine C P de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Brazil
| | | | - Waldiney P Moraes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Brazil
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Bardají DKR, da Silva JJM, Bianchi TC, de Souza Eugênio D, de Oliveira PF, Leandro LF, Rogez HLG, Venezianni RCS, Ambrosio SR, Tavares DC, Bastos JK, Martins CHG. Copaifera reticulata oleoresin: Chemical characterization and antibacterial properties against oral pathogens. Anaerobe 2016; 40:18-27. [PMID: 27118478 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral infections such as periodontitis and tooth decay are the most common diseases of humankind. Oleoresins from different copaifera species display antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Copaifera reticulata is the commonest tree of this genus and grows abundantly in several Brazilian states, such as Pará, Amazonas, and Ceará. The present study has evaluated the chemical composition and antimicrobial potential of the Copaifera reticulata oleoresin (CRO) against the causative agents of tooth decay and periodontitis and has assessed the CRO cytotoxic potential. Cutting edge analytical techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS) aided the chemical characterization of CRO. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), determination of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), Time Kill Assay, and Checkerboard Dilution. Conduction of XTT assays on human lung fibroblasts (GM07492-A cells) helped to examine the CRO cytotoxic potential. Chromatographic analyses revealed that the major constituents of CRO were β-bisabolene, trans-α-bergamotene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and the terpene acids ent-agathic-15-methyl ester, ent-copalic acid, and ent-polyalthic acid. MIC and MBC results ranged from 6.25 to 200 μg/mL against the tested bacteria. The time-kill assay conducted with CRO at concentrations between 50 and 100 μg/mL showed bactericidal activity against Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456) after 4 h, Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC 33563) after 6 h, Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and Lactobacillus casei (clinical isolate) after 12 h, and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 25975) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) after 18 h. The fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) revealed antagonistic interaction for Lactobacillus casei (clinical isolate), indifferent effect for Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586), Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC 33563), and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 25975), and additive effect for Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456). Treatment of GM07492-A cells with CRO demonstrated that concentrations up to 39 μg/mL significantly reduced cell viability as compared to the negative control, being IC50 equal to 51.85 ± 5.4 μg/mL. These results indicated that CRO plays an important part in the search for novel sources of agents that can act against oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Kala Rodríguez Bardají
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thamires Chiquini Bianchi
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Souza Eugênio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Francielli de Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Leandro
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Cassio Sola Venezianni
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ricardo Ambrosio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique G Martins
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Research Laboratory Culture of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
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