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The Interaction Between Body Mass Index Genetic Risk Score and Dietary Intake on Weight Status: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:925-941. [PMID: 38435632 PMCID: PMC10908334 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s452660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The escalating global obesity epidemic and the emergence of personalized medicine strategies point to the pressing need to investigate the interplay between genetic risk scores (GRSs), dietary intake, and their combined impact on weight status. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies to elucidate how dietary patterns and individual foods interact with genetic predisposition to obesity. Methods Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until August 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. Out of 575 articles, 15 articles examining the interaction between genetic risk score for body mass index and dietary intake on weight outcomes met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were cross-sectional in design and were assessed for quality using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. Results Unhealthy dietary intake exacerbated the genetic predisposition to obesity, evident in studies assessing Western diet, sulfur microbial diet, and individual macronutrients, including saturated fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages and fried foods. Conversely, adhering to healthier dietary intake mitigated the genetic predisposition to obesity, as observed in studies involving Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension scores, healthy plant-based diets, and specific foods such as fruits, vegetables, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion This is the first systematic review to explore the interaction between genetics and dietary intake in shaping obesity outcomes. The findings have implications for tailored interventions; however, more controlled clinical trials with robust designs are needed to be able to recommend personalized nutrition based on nutrition for obesity prevention and management.
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Integration of Time-Based Recommendations with Current Pediatric Health Behavior Guidelines: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment in Youth. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:236-253. [PMID: 36348216 PMCID: PMC9742346 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Youth-onset obesity is associated with negative health outcomes across the lifespan including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemias, asthma, and several cancers. Pediatric health guidelines have traditionally focused on the quality and quantity of dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence suggests that the timing (time of day when behavior occurs) and composition (proportion of time spent allocated to behavior) of food intake, movement (i.e., physical activity, sedentary time), and sleep may independently predict health trajectories and disease risks. Several theoretically driven interventions and conceptual frameworks feature behavior timing and composition (e.g., 24 h movement continuum, circadian science and chronobiology, intermittent fasting regimens, structured day hypothesis). These literatures are, however, disparate, with little crosstalk across disciplines. In this review, we examine dietary, sleep, and movement guidelines and recommendations for youths ages 0-18 in the context of theoretical models and empirical findings in support of time-based approaches. The review aims to inform a unifying framework of health behaviors and guide future research on the integration of time-based recommendations into current quantity and quality-based health guidelines for children and adolescents.
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Select Food Group Intake of US Children Aged 2 to 4 Years by WIC Participation Status and Income. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 120:2032-2038.e1. [PMID: 33222884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food group and nutrient priorities for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food Package IV for children aged 2 to 4 years were described in the 2017 review of the WIC Food Package. Research has evaluated priority nutrient intake, but priority food group intake remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare mean intake of priority food groups/subgroups of WIC children to WIC-eligible nonparticipants and higher income children. Further, we hoped to assess differences in percent contribution of food subgroups to total food group intake by WIC participation status and income. DESIGN Cross-sectional study conducted using data from the 2011-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING One thousand forty-seven children aged 2 to 4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean intake reported in cup equivalents and ounce equivalents. We also looked at mean percent that food subgroups contributed to total intake within a food group. Analyses were performed for high and low priority food groups/subgroups: high = seafood, total vegetables, dark green vegetables, red/orange vegetables, whole grains, and nuts/seeds/soy; low = total starchy vegetables, other vegetables, legumes computed as vegetables, total dairy, and total protein foods. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable linear regression analysis was used evaluate the relationship between income/WIC participation and mean intake/percent food subgroups contributed to total food group intake. RESULTS Among low-income WIC-eligible children, participation in WIC was associated with greater mean intake of red/orange vegetables (0.18 ± 0.03 vs 0.01 ± 0.06 c equivalents; P < 0.05) and legumes (0.07 ± 0.01 vs 0.01 ± 0.02 c equivalents; P < 0.01). No differences in mean intake were observed between WIC children and higher income children. Grain intake of WIC children was composed of a higher percentage of whole grains (19.1% ± 1.6% vs 13.2% ± 1.5%; P < 0.01) compared with higher income children. The percent vegetable subgroups contributed to total vegetable intake varied by income; no differences were observed for dairy or protein subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Among low-income children, participation in WIC was associated with greater intake of certain vegetables. Participation in WIC may also help close the diet quality gap between low-income and higher income children for priority foods targeted by the WIC food package. Future research should explore socioeconomic disparities in intake of nutrient-poor foods.
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Dietary Assessment of Korean Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with or without Diabetes. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e181. [PMID: 32537952 PMCID: PMC7295604 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intervention at the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important for preventing progression to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, few studies have investigated dietary intake of CKD patients in non-dialysis stage. Therefore, we investigated the dietary intake of Korean non-dialysis CKD patients and aimed to establish baseline data for the development of dietary education and intervention strategies for CKD patients. METHODS Three hundred fifty CKD patients who visited Seoul National University Hospital outpatient clinic from February 2016 to January 2017 were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Subjects on dialysis and those who had undergone kidney transplantation were excluded. Dietary intake, demographic information, and biochemical characteristics of 256 subjects who completed three-day dietary records were analyzed. Subjects were divided into four groups based on diabetes mellitus (DM) (DM-CKD and Non-DM-CKD groups) and kidney function (Early-CKD and Late-CKD groups). RESULTS Total energy intake was lower in the Late-CKD group compared with the Early-CKD group. In men, carbohydrate intake was higher and protein and fat intakes tended to be lower in the Late-CKD group compared with the Early-CKD group. In women, carbohydrate intake tended to be lower in the DM-CKD group than the Non-DM-CKD group. Protein intake tended to be higher in the DM-CKD groups. Phosphorus and sodium intakes were higher in the DM-CKD groups compared with the Non-DM-CKD groups in women, and tended to be higher in the DM-CKD groups in men. CONCLUSION DM and kidney function affected energy and nutrient intakes. Subjects in the Late-CKD group consumed less energy than those in the Early-CKD group. Non-DM subjects seemed to restrict protein intake starting from the Early-CKD stage than subjects with DM. Subjects in this study had low energy and high sodium intakes compared with recommended levels. Protein intake was lower in advanced CKD patients, but their intake level was still higher than the recommendation. Dietary intervention strategies for non-dialysis CKD patients need to be customized depending on the presence of DM and kidney function.
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[Association between intracellular zinc levels and nutritional status in HIV-infected and uninfected children exposed to the virus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 86:103-11. [PMID: 26235690 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition, growth retardation and opportunistic infections outlast the metabolic, immune and gastrointestinal disorders produced by HIV. Zinc deficiency has been associated with deteriorating nutritional status, growth failure, and risk of infection. The aim of this study is to determine the association between zinc levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the nutritional status of HIV-infected and uninfected children exposed to the virus. PATIENTS AND METHODS An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 17 infected and 17 exposed children, aged 2-10 years. Anthropometric measurements, clinical and nutritional history, 24h recall, measurement of physical activity, and zinc in PBMC by flow cytometry analysis were recorded. RESULTS Height according to age, energy consumption and adequacy of energy, protein and dietary zinc were significantly higher in children exposed to the virus compared to those infected with HIV (P <.05). No significant differences were found in BMI, levels of zinc in monocytes, CD4 + and CD4- lymphocytes between the two study groups (P >.05). However, the median levels of zinc in monocytes of infected patients was higher (218.6) compared to the control group (217.0). No association was found between zinc intake and levels of intracellular zinc. CONCLUSIONS The deterioration of nutritional status and growth retardation in children were associated with HIV, but not with the levels of intracellular zinc. The dietary intake of this nutrient was not associated with levels of zinc in monocytes or CD4 + and CD4- lymphocytes.
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Differences in Weight-Related Behavioral Profiles by Sexual Orientation Among College Men: A Latent Class Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2016; 30:623-633. [PMID: 26305726 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.140714-quan-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and describe homogenous classes of male college students based on their weight-related behaviors (e.g., eating habits, physical activity, and unhealthy weight control) and to examine differences by sexual orientation. DESIGN Study design was a cross-sectional sample of 2- and 4-year college students. SETTING Study setting was forty-six 2- and 4-year colleges in Minnesota. SUBJECTS Study subjects comprised 10,406 college males. MEASURES Measures were five categories of sexual orientation derived from self-reported sexual identity and behavior (heterosexual, discordant heterosexual [identifies as heterosexual and engages in same-sex sexual behavior], gay, bisexual, and unsure) and nine weight-related behaviors (including measures for eating habits, physical activity, and unhealthy weight control). ANALYSIS Latent class models were fit for each of the five sexual orientation groups, using the nine weight-related behaviors. RESULTS Overall, four classes were identified: "healthier eating habits" (prevalence range, 39.4%-77.3%), "moderate eating habits" (12.0%-30.2%), "unhealthy weight control" (2.6%-30.4%), and "healthier eating habits, more physically active" (35.8%). Heterosexual males exhibited all four patterns, gay and unsure males exhibited four patterns that included variations on the overall classes identified, discordant heterosexual males exhibited two patterns ("healthier eating habits" and "unhealthy weight control"), and bisexual males exhibited three patterns ("healthier eating habits," "moderate eating habits," and "unhealthy weight control"). CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for multibehavioral interventions for discordant heterosexual, gay, bisexual, and unsure college males, particularly around encouraging physical activity and reducing unhealthy weight control behaviors.
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Dietary Nutrient Intake in School-Aged Children With Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1075-82. [PMID: 27012806 PMCID: PMC4844832 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is an important factor that affects brain development. Nutritional deficiencies can exacerbate alcohol's damaging effects. Conversely, nutritional supplementation can serve a protective role against alcohol damage and may prove to be a worthwhile intervention strategy. This study investigated dietary intake in school-aged children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure to understand their nutritional status, compared to a national sample of typically developing children and Dietary Reference Intakes. METHODS Dietary intake data were collected from children with confirmed histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (5 to 10 years, n = 55) using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24). Observed nutrient levels were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes to evaluate adequacy of nutrient intake as well as to national averages for same-aged children (What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007-2008). RESULTS Alcohol-exposed children exhibited poorer nutritional status compared to the typically developing NHANES sample, consuming lower levels of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamins C and K, niacin, and choline. Moreover, their diets did not meet Recommended Dietary Allowance or Adequate Intake for dietary fiber, potassium, vitamins E and K, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline. CONCLUSIONS The present findings are consistent with prior studies investigating nutritional intake in preschoolers with FASD, indicating that these children are vulnerable to nutritional inadequacies. Moreover, data suggest a specific profile of dietary intake in this population. As several nutrients are important for cognitive development, targeted interventions in clinical populations might be effective in boosting outcomes. Thus, further clinical investigation into the role of nutrition in improving cognitive outcomes is warranted.
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Validation of a simplified food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of dietary habits in Iranian adults: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, Iran. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2015; 11:139-46. [PMID: 26405443 PMCID: PMC4568199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessment is the first step of dietary modification in community-based interventional programs. This study was performed to validate a simple food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) for assessment of selected food items in epidemiological studies with a large sample size as well as community trails. METHODS This validation study was carried out on 264 healthy adults aged ≥ 41 years old living in 3 district central of Iran, including Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak. Selected food intakes were assessed using a 48-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was interviewer-administered, which was completed twice; at the beginning of the study and 2 weeks thereafter. The validity of this SFFQ was examined compared to estimated amount by single 24 h dietary recall and 2 days dietary record. Validation of the FFQ was determined using Spearman correlation coefficients between daily frequency consumption of food groups as assessed by the FFQ and the qualitative amount of daily food groups intake accessed by dietary reference method was applied to evaluate validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine the reproducibility. RESULTS Spearman correlation coefficient between the estimated amount of food groups intake by examined and reference methods ranged from 0.105 (P = 0.378) in pickles to 0.48 (P < 0.001) in plant protein. ICC for reproducibility of FFQ were between 0.47-0.69 in different food groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The designed SFFQ has a good relative validity and reproducibility for assessment of selected food groups intake. Thus, it can serve as a valid tool in epidemiological studies and clinical trial with large participants.
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A Practical Approach for Recognizing Eating Moments with Wrist-Mounted Inertial Sensing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING . UBICOMP (CONFERENCE) 2015. [PMID: 29520397 DOI: 10.1145/2750858.2807545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing when eating activities take place is one of the key challenges in automated food intake monitoring. Despite progress over the years, most proposed approaches have been largely impractical for everyday usage, requiring multiple on-body sensors or specialized devices such as neck collars for swallow detection. In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of an approach for inferring eating moments based on 3-axis accelerometry collected with a popular off-the-shelf smartwatch. Trained with data collected in a semi-controlled laboratory setting with 20 subjects, our system recognized eating moments in two free-living condition studies (7 participants, 1 day; 1 participant, 31 days), with F-scores of 76.1% (66.7% Precision, 88.8% Recall), and 71.3% (65.2% Precision, 78.6% Recall). This work represents a contribution towards the implementation of a practical, automated system for everyday food intake monitoring, with applicability in areas ranging from health research and food journaling.
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Dietary intake of nutrients and its correlation with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2014; 13:28-32. [PMID: 24800044 PMCID: PMC3968354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nutrition in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related complications such as fatigue has been reported by several studies. The aim of this study is the assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, in which 101 relapsing-remitting MS patients were enrolled. The fatigue status was determined using the validated Persian version of of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record questionnaire and compared to dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Association between variables was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS In the preset study, 25 men and 76 women (total = 101) were enrolled. Analysis of dietary intake showed that daily intake of vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium were significantly lower than DRI in all of patients. In men, zinc intake was significantly lower than DRI; while, in women, iron was significantly below the DRI level. After adjusting for energy, MFIS and its physical subscale were highly correlated with intake of folate and magnesium. CONCLUSION Our findings support that lower magnesium and folate diets are correlated with higher fatigue scores in MS patients.
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Dietary Intake among American Indians with Metabolic Syndrome - Comparison to Dietary Recommendations: the Balance Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND NUTRITION 2013; 4:33-45. [PMID: 26594109 PMCID: PMC4651460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indians have a very high prevalence of metabolic syndrome that increases their risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Dietary habits are of central importance in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this article was to describe dietary intake among American Indians with metabolic syndrome and compare it to several dietary recommendations. A secondary objective was to identify certain barriers to dietary adherence experienced by this population. METHODS A total of 213 participants with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the Balance Study, a randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups: Guided Group and Self-Managed Group. Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes were evaluated against the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. RESULTS Intakes of saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium were higher and intakes of dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E were lower than recommended. Additionally, intake of many food groups was noticeably low. Economic factors seem to be related to low adherence to dietary recommendations. CONCLUSION Results showed low adherence by the participants to dietary recommendations for key nutrients and food groups related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Economic factors are related to this low adherence. These findings illustrate a need to develop innovative, focused, and perhaps individualized health promotion strategies that can improve dietary habits of American Indians with metabolic syndrome.
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Subjective Perception of Sports Performance, Training, Sleep and Dietary Patterns of Malaysian Junior Muslim Athletes during Ramadan Intermittent Fasting. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 2:167-76. [PMID: 22375236 PMCID: PMC3289208 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the subjective perception of daily acute fasting on sports performance, training, sleep and dietary patterns of Muslim athletes during the Ramadan month. Methods Seven hundred and thirty-four (411 male and 323 female) Malaysian Junior-level Muslim athletes (mean age 16.3 ± 2.6 y) participated in the survey which was designed to establish the personal perception of their sport performance, sleep pattern, food and fluid intake during Ramadan fasting. The survey was conducted during and immediately after the month of Ramadan in 2009. Results Twenty-four percent of the athletes perceived that there was an adverse effect of the Ramadan fast on their sporting performance and 29.3% reported that quality of training during Ramadan was also negatively influenced. Majority (48.2%) of the athletes stated that Ramadan fasting did not affect their normal sleep pattern but 66.6% of them complained of sleepiness during the daytime. Half of the athletes (41.4%) maintained the caloric intake during Ramadan as they normally would with the majority of them (76.2%) reporting that they consumed more fluids during Ramadan. Conclusions Overall, Malaysian Junior-level Muslim athletes showed diverse views in their perception of changes in their training, sleep and dietary patterns during Ramadan fast. These individual differences probably indicate differences in the athletes’ adaptability and coping strategies during fasting and training in Ramadan.
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Abstract
Swimming is a very popular sport among adolescents in the US. Little is known about the diet of competitive adolescent swimmers in the US but data from other countries indicate several inadequacies, including excessive intake of fat and lower than recommended intake of carbohydrate and several micronutrients that may affect athletic performance and bone accrual. We assessed usual diet, using a food frequency questionnaire and calcium checklist, among 191 adolescent males and females [91 swimmers (mean 13.7, s = 2.5 years) and 100 non-athletes (mean 14.4, s = 2.8 years)]. For both males and females, swimmers and non-athletes generally had similar average intakes of macro- and micro-nutrients, including higher than recommended amounts of total fat (36%) and saturated fat (12%), and inadequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, and daily servings of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. This first study of nutritional intake among adolescent swimmers in the US suggests that dietary habits of adolescents who swim competitively may jeopardize optimal athletic performance and place them at risk for future chronic diseases, including osteoporosis.
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Effect of Mothers Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes on Omani Children's Dietary Intake. Oman Med J 2011; 26:253-7. [PMID: 22043429 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study investigates the dietary intakes of Omani preschoolers and associations with both socio-demographic characteristics and the mother's nutritional knowledge and attitudes. METHODS A sample of 154 parents of preschoolers completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, a food-frequency questionnaire to assess children's food intake, nutritional knowledge and attitudes towards healthy eating. RESULTS The results showed a lower dietary adequacy of children's food intake in mothers with low educational levels, high-ranked occupation, and lower levels of both nutritional knowledge and food related health attitudes. The highest food intake and healthy eating attitude scores were found in children of mothers with high education level and mother without a job. The association of the dietary adequacy with socio-demographic background can help the Omani healthcare decision makers to develop better-tailored nutrition interventions which are more suitable for the Omani community. CONCLUSION The results from this study of mothers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes support the inclusion of knowledge and attitudes in dietary interventions.
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