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Vitharana UWA, Kumaragamage D, Balasooriya BLWK, Indraratne SP, Goltz D. Phosphorus mobilization in unamended and magnesium sulfate-amended soil monoliths under simulated snowmelt flooding. Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117619. [PMID: 34426378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced release of phosphorus (P) from soils with snowmelt flooding poses a threat of eutrophication to waterbodies in cold climatic regions. Reductions in P losses with various soil amendments has been reported, however effectiveness of MgSO4 has not been studied under snowmelt flooding. This study examined (a) the P release enhancement with flooding in relation to initial soil P status and (b) the effectiveness of MgSO4 at two rates in reducing P release to floodwater under simulated snowmelt flooding. Intact soil monoliths were collected from eight agricultural fields from Southern Manitoba, Canada. Unamended and MgSO4 surface-amended monoliths (2.5 and 5.0 Mg ha-1) in triplicates were pre-incubated for 7 days, then flooded and incubated (4 °C) for 56 days. Pore water and floodwater samples collected at 7-day intervals were analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. Redox potential (Eh) was measured on each day of sampling. Representative soil samples collected from each field were analyzed for Olsen and Mehlich 3-P. Simulated snowmelt flooding enhanced the mobility of soil P with approximately 1.2-1.6 -fold increase in pore water DRP concentration from 0 to 21 days after flooding. Mehlich-3 P content showed a strong relationship with the pore water DRP concentrations suggesting its potential as a predictor of P loss risk during prolonged flooding. Surface application of MgSO4 reduced the P release to pore water and floodwater. The 2.5 Mg ha-1 rate was more effective than the higher rate with a 21-75% reduction in average pore water DRP, across soils. Soil monoliths amended with MgSO4 maintained a higher Eh, and had greater pore water Ca and Mg concentrations, which may have reduced redox-induced P release and favored re-precipitation of P with Ca and Mg, thus decreasing DRP concentrations in pore water and floodwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya W A Vitharana
- Dept. of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Univ. of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada; Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Darshani Kumaragamage
- Dept. of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Univ. of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - B L W K Balasooriya
- Dept. of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Univ. of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada; Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, 60170, Sri Lanka
| | - Srimathie P Indraratne
- Dept. of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Univ. of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Doug Goltz
- Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
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Guo T, Confesor R, Saleh A, King K. Crop growth, hydrology, and water quality dynamics in agricultural fields across the Western Lake Erie Basin: Multi-site verification of the Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT). Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138485. [PMID: 32315850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural field- and watershed-scale water quality models are used to assess the potential impact of management practices to reduce nutrient and sediment exports. However, observed data are often not available to calibrate and verify these models. Three years of data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service's 12 paired edge-of-field sites in northwest Ohio were used to calibrate and validate the Nutrient Tracking Tool. The goal of this study was to identify a single optimal parameter set for the Nutrient Tracking Tool in simulating annual crop yields, water balance, and nutrient loads across the Western Lake Erie Basin. A multi-site and multi-objective auto-calibration subroutine was developed in R to perform model calibration across the edge-of-field sites. The statistical metrics and evaluation criteria used in comparing the simulated results with the observed data were: Cohen's D Effect Size (Cohen's D < 0.20) and Percent bias (PBIAS ± 10% for crop yields, subsurface (tile) discharge, and surface runoff and ± 25% for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and nitrate‑nitrogen (nitrate-N) in tile discharge, and DRP, particulate phosphorus, and nitrate-N in surface runoff). In both calibration and validation, the Cohen's D and PBIAS for annual crop yields, tile discharge, surface runoff, DRP, particulate P, and nitrate-N showed that the average simulated results were similar to the average observed values for each variable. The calibrated model simulated well the annual averages of crop yields, flows, and nutrient losses across fields. The tile drainage and phosphorus transport subroutines in the Nutrient Tracking Tool should be further improved to better simulate the dynamics of discharge and phosphorus transport through subsurface drainage. Stakeholders can use the verified model to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices in improving the water quality across the Western Lake Erie Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Guo
- National Center for Water Quality Research (NCWQR), Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, United States of America.
| | - Remegio Confesor
- National Center for Water Quality Research (NCWQR), Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, United States of America.
| | - Ali Saleh
- The Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research (TIAER), Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402, United States of America.
| | - Kevin King
- Soil Drainage Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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Tan F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren S, Cui Y, Xu D. Ceria oxide nanoparticle-based diffusive gradients in thin films for in situ measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus in waters and sewage sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:11138-11146. [PMID: 31955330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A passive sampling method based on diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) using ceria oxide (CeO2) binding gel was developed for in situ measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). CeO2-based DGT showed excellent uptake performance for DRP, and the uptake mass was consistent with the predication by DGT equation. pH (4.2~9.4) and ionic strength (0.01~500 mM) had no effects on the uptake of DRP. Filed deployment of CeO2-DGT in reservoir water and seawater showed that the measureable concentrations of DRP were comparable to those obtained by grab sampling. CeO2-DGT was deployed in sewage sludge, and results showed the ratios (RS) between the concentration (CDGT) by CeO2-DGT and the concentration (CS) obtained by a traditional centrifugation method ranged from 0.23 to 0.58. This result indicated that sludge solid phase was a potential pool of DRP in sludge solution, and the DRP released from sludge solid phase could compensate partly the consumption of DRP at the interface of DGT device during the deployment. The ratios RS had positive correlation with the content of Fe (r = 0.847, p < 0.01) but were reversed with the level of Ca (r = - 0.879, p < 0.01) in sewage sludge. The proposed method provided a powerful tool for in situ measurement of DRP in natural waters and for release behavior of DRP in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Suyu Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Chemical College, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Bao L, Li X, Cheng P. Phosphorus retention along a typical urban landscape river with a series of rubber dams. J Environ Manage 2018; 228:55-64. [PMID: 30212675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small dams are widely constructed in urban rivers as landscape engineering practice, which increasingly cause eutrophication problems. Phosphorus retention in dammed rivers is a critical factor driving eutrophication, but it is little known in urban landscape river systems controlled by small dams. In this study, we investigated the retention of different phosphorus species along an urban landscape river with 30 rubber dams. We found that 42.5% (7.69 metric tons/yr) of the total phosphorus (TP) was trapped within dams, of which total particulate phosphorus (TPP) retention load accounted for 81.5%. From first river segment BBF-4# to the segments further downstream, the TP retention rate sharply decreased from 47.6% to -8.3%-9.2%, and phosphorus was mainly retained in the uppermost segment of the dammed river. The retention rate of dissolved reactive phosphorus (86.3%) was higher than that of TPP (40.3%) because of biological uptake. Further, with a retention rate of -11.3%, the dammed river was a net source of dissolved organic phosphorus. Different hydrological regimes, due to seasonal events and dam management, greatly influenced phosphorus retention within the dammed river, resulting in higher retention loads in the rainy season than in the dry season, and very low retention loads in the snowmelt season, with 1.48, 0.55 and 0.06 t/month, respectively. Our findings imply that management practices should focus on reducing the phosphorus export from the upper watershed and improving the hydrodynamic conditions of the dammed urban landscape river with regard to eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Qin W, Gu Y, Wang G, Wu T, Zhang H, Tang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Zirconium metal organic frameworks-based DGT technique for in situ measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus in waters. Water Res 2018; 147:223-232. [PMID: 30312795 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to provide early warnings for the occurrence of eutrophication, it is highly desirable to develop an accurate and efficient technique to ensure continuous monitoring of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the aquatic environment from the viewpoint of environmental management. Herein, a new diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique was developed and evaluated for in situ measurement of DRP in waters, in which Zr-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66) were utilized as aqueous binding agent (abbreviated as UiO-66 DGT). As expected, the UiO-66 DGT demonstrated high uptake capacity towards phosphorus (20.8 μg P cm-2). Meanwhile, an excellent linearity between the accumulated DRP mass and deployment time over 5 d (R2 = 0.996) was obtained regardless of high or low phosphate solution. In addition, effective diffusion coefficients (D) of DRP increased exponentially with increasing ionic strengths (R2 = 0.99). Based on the rectified D, the performance of the UiO-66 DGT was independent of solution pH (6.5-8.5) and ionic strengths (ranging from 0.01 to 100 mmol L-1). Furthermore, field deployments of the UiO-66 DGT were undertaken in a natural eutrophic lake (Lake Chaohu, China). It was noteworthy that DRP could be continually accumulated by the UiO-66 DGT for more than 14 d and good agreements were obtained between the concentrations measured by DGT (CDGT) and those by ex situ chemical extraction method in solution (Csol), as reflected by CDGT/Csol of 0.9-1.1. In situ determination of DRP speciation was also carried out at different sites across Lake Chaohu. Overall, this study contributed to a better constructing of liquid binding phase DGT for the measurement of DRP in waters, facilitating the widespread application of the UiO-66 DGT as a routine monitoring technique and for large-scale environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Tianxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tang
- Monitoring Station of Environmental Protection, Chaohu Lake Administration Bureau of Anhui Province, Chaohu, 238007, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Center for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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6
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McAllister TG, Wood SA, Atalah J, Hawes I. Spatiotemporal dynamics of Phormidium cover and anatoxin concentrations in eight New Zealand rivers with contrasting nutrient and flow regimes. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:71-80. [PMID: 28846906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations, particularly of the genus Phormidium, are a major concern in many countries due to their increasing extent and severity. The aim of this study was to improve the current understanding of the dominant physicochemical variables associated with high Phormidium cover and toxin concentrations. Phormidium cover and anatoxin concentrations were assessed weekly for 30weeks in eight predominately cobble-bed rivers in the South Island of New Zealand. Phormidium cover was highly variable both spatially (among and within sites) and temporally. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) identified site, month of the year, conductivity and nutrient concentrations over the accrual period as significant variables associated with Phormidium cover. Cover was greatest under low to intermediate accrual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations. Accrual nutrients had a strong, negative effect on cover at concentrations>0.2mgL-1 DIN and 0.014mgL-1 DRP. The effect of flow was generally consistent across rivers, with cover accruing with time since the last flushing flow. Total anatoxins were detected at all eight study sites, at concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 662.5mgkg-1 dried weight. GAMMs predicted higher total anatoxin concentrations between November and February and during periods of accrual DRP<0.02mgL-1. This study suggests that multiple physicochemical variables may influence Phormidium proliferations and also evidenced large site-to-site variability. This result highlights a challenge from a management perspective, as it suggests that mitigation options are likely to be site-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G McAllister
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Javier Atalah
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hawes
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, 58 Cross Road, Tauranga, New Zealand
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Nagul EA, McKelvie ID, Worsfold P, Kolev SD. The molybdenum blue reaction for the determination of orthophosphate revisited: Opening the black box. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 890:60-82. [PMID: 26347168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The molybdenum blue reaction, used predominantly for the determination of orthophosphate in environmental waters, has been perpetually modified and re-optimised over the years, but this important reaction in analytical chemistry is usually treated as something of a 'black box' in the analytical literature. A large number of papers describe a wide variety of reaction conditions and apparently different products (as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy) but a discussion of the chemistry underlying this behaviour is often addressed superficially or not at all. This review aims to rationalise the findings of the many 'optimised' molybdenum blue methods in the literature, mainly for environmental waters, in terms of the underlying polyoxometallate chemistry and offers suggestions for the further enhancement of this time-honoured analytical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Nagul
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian D McKelvie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL48AA, UK
| | - Paul Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL48AA, UK
| | - Spas D Kolev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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