1
|
Hong C, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xu H, Cheng K, Lv Z, Chen K, Li Y, Wu H. Epimedin B exhibits pigmentation by increasing tyrosinase family proteins expression, activity, and stability. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:69-85. [PMID: 38352950 PMCID: PMC10859565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Epimedin B (EB) is one of the main flavonoid ingredients present in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., a traditional herb widely used in China. Our previous study showed that EB was a stronger inducer of melanogenesis and an activator of tyrosinase (TYR). However, the role of EB in melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying the regulation remain unclear. Herein, as an extension to our previous investigation, we provide comprehensive evidence of EB-induced pigmentation in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the melanogenesis mechanism by assessing its effects on the TYR family of proteins (TYRs) in terms of expression, activity, and stability. The results showed that EB increased TYRs expression through microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-mediated p-Akt (referred to as protein kinase B (PKB))/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin, p-p70 S6 kinase cascades, and protein 38 (p38)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/MAPK pathways, after which EB increased the number of melanosomes and promoted their maturation for melanogenesis in melanoma cells and human primary melanocytes/skin tissues. Furthermore, EB exerted repigmentation by stimulating TYR activity in hydroquinone- and N-phenylthiourea-induced TYR inhibitive models, including melanoma cells, zebrafish, and mice. Finally, EB ameliorated monobenzone-induced depigmentation in vitro and in vivo through the enhancement of TYRs stability by inhibiting TYR misfolding, TYR-related protein 1 formation, and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and then by downregulating the ubiquitination and proteolysis processes. These data conclude that EB can target TYRs and alter their expression, activity, and stability, thus stimulating their pigmentation function, which might provide a novel rational strategy for hypopigmentation treatment in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Haoyang Xu
- International Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Shanghai Inoherb Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Shanghai Inoherb Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Huali Wu
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin M, Li Y, Cao B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Li G, Xiao X, Li C. Bavachin combined with epimedin B induce idiosyncratic liver injury under immunological stress conditions. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110774. [PMID: 37866487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Reports on Chinese patent medicines preparations containing Epimedii Folium (EF) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) resulting in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) have received widespread attention. Previous studies have shown that bavachin and epimedin B-two active ingredients derived from both EF and PF-are potential components associated with IDILI, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated bavachin and epimedin B-induced IDILI under TNF-α-mediated immunological stress conditions and generated liver lipid metabolism profiles using lipidomics and multivariate statistical analysis. We next applied transcriptomics to identify the differential gene expression on the transcription level. Our results showed that co-exposure to bavachin, epimedin B under immunological stress conditions resulted in obvious liver injury. The differential metabolites screened in our study were closely related to the immune homeostasis of the liver. Sixteen differentially expressed genes were found, Zc3h6 and R3hdml were upregulated, while Sumo2, Cd74, Banp, Oas3, Oas2, Gbp8, Slfn8, Gbp2b, Serpina3g, Zbtb40, H2-Ab1, Osgin1, Tgtp1 and Hspa1b were all downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes concerning metabolic process and immune system process. Further integrative analysis indicated that bavachin combined with epimedin B affected genes that were not only related to immune system processes, but also to lipid metabolism. Ultimately, this led to an imbalance in the immune microenvironment in the liver and may have contributed to the observed liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lin
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yingying Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diao X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Bi Y, Zhou K, Song L. The mechanism of Epimedin B in treating osteoporosis as revealed by RNA sequencing-based analysis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:450-461. [PMID: 34491615 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the ageing of populations, the management of osteoporosis is a priority of society in general. Epimedin B, a major ingredient of Herba Epimedii, which has the advantages of high content and hypotoxicity has been proved to be effective in preventing osteoporosis in vitro. However, the efficacy and mechanism of Epimedin B on osteoporosis in vivo have not been well elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate the effects and the potential mechanisms of 8-week repeated oral administration of Epimedin B (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) on a mouse osteoporosis model. Effects of Epimedin B were evaluated by examinations of serum bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, bone microstructure parameters and histopathological section. Epimedin B significantly rose N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and dropped C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX1). Connectivity density (Conn.D) increased significantly while structure model index (DA) decreased significantly after treated by Epimedin B. Meanwhile, Epimedin B administration significantly increased the number of trabecular bones while significantly decreased the gap between them. Overall, Epimedin B showed beneficial effects on osteoporosis. Furthermore, RNA sequencing-based analysis revealed 5 significantly down-regulated transcripts and 107 significantly up-regulated transcripts between the Epimedin B administration group and the model group. These transcripts were mapped to 15 pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis, of which PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway were most connected to osteoporosis. To conclude, Epimedin B is effective in treating osteoporosis in mice via regulating PI3K-Akt, MAPK and PPAR signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Diao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Bi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang N, Xu P, Wang X, Yao W, Yu Z, Wu R, Huang X, Si Y, Shou D. Integrated pathological cell fishing and network pharmacology approach to investigate main active components of Er-Xian decotion for treating osteoporosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 241:111977. [PMID: 31136804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxidative damage to osteoblasts was a key factor in the development of osteoporosis. Er-Xian Decotion (EXD) is widely used in China for the treatment of osteoporosis, which has a variety of antioxidant active ingredients. EXD may be an important source of protection against oxidative damage in osteoblasts, but the anti-osteoporotic active components of EXD is currently unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This work established an effective and reliable drug screening method to find main active ingredients in EXD (M-EXD) that can protect osteoblasts against oxidative stress and achieve anti-osteoporosis effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS H2O2-induced osteoblast cell fishing with UHPLC-QTOF/MS was firstly used to discover the potential active components from EXD. Afterword, the EXD compound-osteoporosis target network was constructed using network pharmacology, thus potentially anti-osteoporosis ingredients were founded, and their combination were defined as the M-EXD. Finally, pharmacology effects of M-EXD was evaluated by ovariectomized rats, prednisolone induced-zebrafish and H2O2-induced osteoblasts. RESULTS 40 candidate active ingredients in EXD were initially screened out via pathological cell fishing. According to network pharmacology result, M-EXD consisted of 13 ingredients since they had a close relationship with 65 osteoporosis-related targets. Pharmacological evaluation showed that M-EXD significantly ameliorated oxidative stress in H2O2-induced osteoblast model, evidently reversed the activity of ALP, ROS, GSH-px, NO and MDA compared with the model group. M-EXD showed better anti-oxidative activities than individual ingredients, presenting obvious synergetic effects. In osteoporosis rat and zebrafish models, M-EXD also demonstrated good anti-osteoporotic properties by mitigating the osteoporosis bone loss and increasing serum bone morphogenetic protein 2, and reversing osteocalcin expression in bone tissue. It significantly ameliorated oxidative stress in the in-vivo models. Moreover, M-EXD and EXD showed similar anti-osteoporotic and anti-oxidative properties, while the rest components of EXD had no satisfactory anti-osteoporotic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our work successfully identified the main active components in EXD, which could represent the efficacy of EXD on treating osteoporosis, and meanwhile, it also provided an effective strategy to investigate active ingredients from natural medicines, which might be helpful for drug development and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhongming Yu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Renjie Wu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Yuyang Si
- Guerin College Preparatory High School, Chicago, 60171, USA.
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| |
Collapse
|