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Akagawa R, Nabeshima YI, Kawauchi T. Alternative Functions of Cell Cycle-Related and DNA Repair Proteins in Post-mitotic Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753175. [PMID: 34746147 PMCID: PMC8564117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of neuronal morphological changes is essential for neuronal migration, maturation, synapse formation, and high-order function. Many cytoplasmic proteins involved in the regulation of neuronal microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton have been identified. In addition, some nuclear proteins have alternative functions in neurons. While cell cycle-related proteins basically control the progression of the cell cycle in the nucleus, some of them have an extra-cell cycle-regulatory function (EXCERF), such as regulating cytoskeletal organization, after exit from the cell cycle. Our expression analyses showed that not only cell cycle regulators, including cyclin A1, cyclin D2, Cdk4/6, p21cip1, p27kip1, Ink4 family, and RAD21, but also DNA repair proteins, including BRCA2, p53, ATM, ATR, RAD17, MRE11, RAD9, and Hus1, were expressed after neurogenesis, suggesting that these proteins have alternative functions in post-mitotic neurons. In this perspective paper, we discuss the alternative functions of the nuclear proteins in neuronal development, focusing on possible cytoplasmic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Akagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aono S, Haruna Y, Watanabe YH, Mochida S, Takeda K. The fission yeast Greatwall-Endosulfine pathway is required for proper quiescence/G 0 phase entry and maintenance. Genes Cells 2019; 24:172-186. [PMID: 30584685 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and cellular quiescence/G0 phase must be regulated in response to intra-/extracellular environments, and such regulation is achieved by the orchestration of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Here, we investigated fission yeast potential orthologs (Cek1, Ppk18 and Ppk31) of the metazoan Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which inhibits type-2A protein phosphatase with B55 subunit (PP2AB55 ) by phosphorylating and activating the PP2AB55 inhibitors, α-endosulfine/ARPP-19 (Ensa/ARPP-19). Gwl and Ensa/ARPP-19 regulate mitosis; however, we found Ppk18, Cek1 and Mug134/Igo1, the counterpart of Ensa/ARPP-19, are not essential for normal mitosis but regulate nitrogen starvation (-N)-induced proper G0 entry and maintenance. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that the conserved Gwl site (serine 64) was phosphorylated in the G0 phase in a Ppk18-dependent manner, and the phosphorylated Mug134/Igo1 inhibited PP2AB55 in vitro. The alanine substitution of the serine 64 caused defects in G0 entry and maintenance as well as the mug134/igo1+ deletion. These results indicate that PP2AB55 activity must be regulated properly to establish the G0 phase. Consistently, simultaneous deletion of the B55 gene with mug134/igo1+ partially rescued the Mug134/Igo1 mutant phenotype. We suggest that in fission yeast, PP2AB55 regulation by the Ppk18-Mug134/Igo1 pathway is required for G0 entry and establishment of robust viability during the G0 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Aono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Uiversity, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yui Haruna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Uiversity, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yo-Hei Watanabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Uiversity, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoru Mochida
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,PRESTO Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Kojiro Takeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Uiversity, Kobe, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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Wang X, Dong F, Zhang S, Yang W, Yu W, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang J, Ma S, Wu P, Gao Y, Dong J, Tang F, Cheng T, Ema H. TGF-β1 Negatively Regulates the Number and Function of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:274-287. [PMID: 29937145 PMCID: PMC6067088 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a role in the maintenance of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo. We asked whether TGF-β1 controls the cell cycle status of HSCs in vitro to enhance the reconstitution activity. To examine the effect of TGF-β1 on the HSC function, we used an in vitro culture system in which single HSCs divide with the retention of their short- and long-term reconstitution ability. Extensive single-cell analyses showed that, regardless of its concentration, TGF-β1 slowed down the cell cycle progression of HSCs but consequently suppressed their self-renewal potential. Cycling HSCs were not able to go back to quiescence with TGF-β1. This study revealed a negative role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of the HSC number and reconstitution activity. TGF-β1 slows down the cell cycle progression of HSCs Cycling HSCs were unable to go back to the G0 state with TGF-β1 TGF-β1 suppresses the self-renewal potential in HSCs The reduced division rate with TGF-β1 is reversible
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China.
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Abstract
Growing evidence supports the view that in adult stem cells, the defining stem cell features of potency and self-renewal are associated with the quiescent state. Thus, uncovering the molecular logic of this reversibly arrested state underlies not only a fundamental understanding of adult tissue dynamics but also hopes for therapeutic regeneration and rejuvenation of damaged or aging tissue. A key question concerns how adult stem cells use quiescence to establish or reinforce the property of self-renewal. Since self-renewal is largely studied by assays that measure proliferation, the concept of self-renewal programs imposed during non-proliferating conditions is counterintuitive. However, there is increasing evidence generated by deconstructing the quiescent state that highlights how programs characteristic of this particular cell cycle exit may enhance stem cell capabilities, through both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic programs.Toward this end, culture models that recapitulate key aspects of stem cell quiescence are useful for molecular analysis to explore attributes and regulation of the quiescent state. In this chapter, we review the different methods used to generate homogeneous populations of quiescent muscle cells, largely by manipulating culture conditions that feed into core signaling programs that regulate the cell cycle. We also provide detailed protocols developed or refined in our lab over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reety Arora
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohammed Rumman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Nisha Venugopal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hardik Gala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Zhu KC, Sun JM, Shen JG, Jin JZ, Liu F, Xu XL, Chen L, Liu LT, Lv JJ. Afzelin exhibits anti-cancer activity against androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells through the inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2359-2365. [PMID: 26622852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer presents high occurrence worldwide. Medicinal plants are a major source of novel and potentially therapeutic molecules; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-prostate cancer activity of afzelin, a flavonol glycoside that was previously isolated from Nymphaea odorata. The effect of afzelin on the proliferation of androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 cells was evaluated by performing a water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay. In addition, the effect of afzelin on the cell cycle of the LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines was evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of afzelin on the kinases responsible for the regulation of actin organization. Afzelin was identified to inhibit the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 cells, and block the cell cycle in the G0 phase. The anticancer activity of afzelin in these cells was determined to be due to inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1 expression. Thus, the in vitro efficacy of afzelin against prostate cancer is promising; however, additional studies on different animal models are required to substantiate its anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ju Lv
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Sideri T, Rallis C, Bitton DA, Lages BM, Suo F, Rodríguez-López M, Du LL, Bähler J. Parallel profiling of fission yeast deletion mutants for proliferation and for lifespan during long-term quiescence. G3 (Bethesda) 2014; 5:145-55. [PMID: 25452419 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.014415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors underlying aging are remarkably conserved from yeast to human. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an emerging genetic model to analyze cellular aging. Chronological lifespan (CLS) has been studied in stationary-phase yeast cells depleted for glucose, which only survive for a few days. Here, we analyzed CLS in quiescent S. pombe cells deprived of nitrogen, which arrest in a differentiated, G0-like state and survive for more than 2 months. We applied parallel mutant phenotyping by barcode sequencing (Bar-seq) to assay pooled haploid deletion mutants as they aged together during long-term quiescence. As expected, mutants with defects in autophagy or quiescence were under-represented or not detected. Lifespan scores could be calculated for 1199 mutants. We focus the discussion on the 48 most long-lived mutants, including both known aging genes in other model systems and genes not previously implicated in aging. Genes encoding membrane proteins were particularly prominent as pro-aging factors. We independently verified the extended CLS in individual assays for 30 selected mutants, showing the efficacy of the screen. We also applied Bar-seq to profile all pooled deletion mutants for proliferation under a standard growth condition. Unlike for stationary-phase cells, no inverse correlation between growth and CLS of quiescent cells was evident. These screens provide a rich resource for further studies, and they suggest that the quiescence model can provide unique, complementary insights into cellular aging.
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