1
|
McIntosh SK. Igbo-Ukwu at 50: A Symposium on Recent Archaeological Research and Analysis. Afr Archaeol Rev 2022; 39:369-385. [PMID: 36405395 PMCID: PMC9640786 DOI: 10.1007/s10437-022-09495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an introduction to several papers from the "Igbo-Ukwu at 50" symposium in September 2021, this article reviews the history of the discoveries and excavations, the early debates over chronology, and more recent research contributions that refine and expand our understanding of this unique site. These include new field investigations at Igbo Ukwu, new radiocarbon dates, textile analysis, chemical analyses of glass, and carnelian beads plus lead isotope analyses of leaded bronze and copper artifacts to identify source areas, and metallographic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Keech McIntosh
- Department of Anthropology, MS-20, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eryürük K. Effect of cell density on decrease in hydraulic conductivity by microbial calcite precipitation. AMB Express 2022; 12:104. [PMID: 35939240 PMCID: PMC9360383 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of number of cells deposited on decrease in hydraulic conductivity of porous media using CaCO3 precipitation induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11,859) was examined in columns packed with glass beads in the range of 0.25 mm and 3 mm in diameter. After resting Sporosarcina pasteurii cells were introduced into the columns, a precipitation solution, which consisted of 500 mM CaCl2 and 500 mM urea, was introduced under continuous flow conditions. It was shown that hydraulic conductivity was decreased by formation of microbially induced CaCO3 precipitation from between 8.37 * 10−1 and 6.73 * 10−2 cm/s to between 3.69 * 10−1 and 1.01 * 10−2 cm/s. The lowest hydraulic conductivity was achieved in porous medium consisting of the smallest glass beads (0.25 mm in diameter) using the highest density of cell suspension (OD600 2.25). The number of the deposited cells differed depending on the glass bead size of the columns. According to the experiments, 7 * 10−9 g CaCO3 was produced by a single resting cell. The urease activity, which led CaCO3 precipitation, depended on presence of high number of cells deposited in the column because the nutrients were not included in the precipitation solution and consequently, the amount of CaCO3 precipitated was proportional with the cell number in the column. A mathematical model was also developed to investigate the experimental results, and statistical analysis was also performed. Sporosarcina pasteurii, which is an ecologically friendly bacterium for environmental biotechnology, produces urease to form CaCO3 precipitation CaCO3 precipitation decreases the hydraulic conductivity of porous media The urease activity depends on the presence of high number of Sporosarcina pasteurii
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kağan Eryürük
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khanlar LN, Abdou A, Takagaki T, Mori S, Ikeda M, Nikaido T, Zandinejad A, Tagami J. The effects of different silicatization and silanization protocols on the bond durability of resin cements to new high-translucent zirconia. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3547-3561. [PMID: 34859327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different silicatization protocols with various silane treatment methods on the bond performance to high-translucent zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-translucent zirconia specimens were assigned to five groups according to mechanical surface pretreatment: as-sintered (Con), 0.2 MPa alumina sandblasting (AB2), tribochemical silica coating (TSC), 0.2 and 0.4 MPa glass bead air abrasion (GB2) and (GB4). Each group was subjected to 4 different cementation protocols: Panavia SA Universal (SAU), Panavia SA plus (SAP), silane + SAP (S-SAP), and Universal adhesive + SAP (U-SAP). Tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured after 24 h and 10,000 thermocycling (TC). Surface topography, surface energy, and elemental composition of the abraded zirconia surface analyses were completed. TBS data was analyzed using the Weibull analysis method. Surface roughness and surface energy were compared by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 24 h, higher TBS was achieved with all cementation protocols in AB2 and TSC, also, in GB2 with all protocols except U-SAP, and in GB4 with SAU and S-SAP. After aging, GB4/S-SAP, GB2/S-SAP, AB2/U-SAP, and TSC/S-SAP showed the highest bond strength. GB groups showed the lowest surface roughness and highest surface energy. CONCLUSION Glass bead abrasion achieved the durable bond strength to high-translucent zirconia using a separate silane coupling agent while altered surface chemistry, surface energy, and roughness without effect on morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Glass bead air abrasion is an alternative to alumina sandblasting and tribochemical silica coating and improves bond strength to high translucent zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Prosthodontic Dentistry Department, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, 46511, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Tomohiro Takagaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi 1851, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S4-501, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi 1851, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basioura A, Tsousis G, Boscos CM, Tsakmakidis IA. Efficiency of three boar sperm enrichment techniques. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1148-1151. [PMID: 34170587 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the efficiency of three enrichment methods to separate boar spermatozoa. Twenty-four ejaculates from 12 boars (2 ejaculates/boar) were extended (30 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) in commercial Beltsville Thawing Solution. Each semen sample was processed with glass wool column (GW) and glass beads (GB) filtration and with the single-layer centrifugation (SLC) technique. Semen samples before (control; C) and after treatment were evaluated for sperm CASA motility/kinetics and concentration, viability, morphology and chromatin integrity. Data were analysed with mixed models. The concentration of total and motile spermatozoa was significantly decreased after treatment in groups GW and SLC, but not in group GB. Group GW showed increased values of WOB compared with both groups C and GB. Group GB showed greater values of rapid movement spermatozoa and lower values of slow movement spermatozoa compared with group C. In group SLC, higher values of VSL, LIN and STR were observed compared with group C. In conclusion, all techniques under examination enhanced various CASA variables. Based on our results, the GB method is a promising alternative separation technique for boar sperm and deserves further research regarding swine in vitro fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Basioura
- Unit of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsousis
- Unit of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantin M Boscos
- Unit of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Tsakmakidis
- Unit of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Campos-Quevedo N, Moreno-Perlin T, Razo-Flores E, Stams AJM, Celis LB, Sánchez-Andrea I. Acetotrophic sulfate-reducing consortia develop active biofilms on zeolite and glass beads in batch cultures at initial pH 3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5213-5227. [PMID: 34125274 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing microbial communities remain a suitable option for the remediation of acid mine drainage using several types of carrier materials and appropriate reactor configurations. However, acetate prevails as a product derived from the incomplete oxidation of most organic substrates by sulfate reducers, limiting the efficiency of the whole process. An established sulfate-reducing consortium, able to degrade acetate at initial acidic pH (3.0), was used to develop biofilms over granular activated carbon (GAC), glass beads, and zeolite as carrier materials. In batch assays using glycerol, biofilms successfully formed on zeolite, glass beads, and GAC with sulfide production rates of 0.32, 0.26, and 0.14 mmol H2S/L·d, respectively, but only with glass beads and zeolite, acetate was degraded completely. The planktonic and biofilm communities were determined by the 16S rRNA gene analysis to evaluate the microbial selectivity of the carrier materials. In total, 46 OTUs (family level) composed the microbial communities. Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae families were present in zeolite and glass beads, whereas Peptococcaceae was mostly enriched on zeolite and Desulfovibrionaceae on glass beads. The most abundant sulfate reducer in the biofilm of zeolite was Desulfotomaculum sp., while Desulfatirhabdium sp. abounded in the planktonic community. With glass beads, Desulfovibrio sp. dominated the biofilm and the planktonic communities. Our results indicate that both materials (glass beads and zeolite) selected different key sulfate-reducing microorganisms able to oxidize glycerol completely at initial acidic pH, which is relevant for a future application of the consortium in continuous bioreactors to treat acidic streams. KEY POINTS: • Complete consumption of glycerol and acetate at acidic pH by sulfate reduction. • Glass beads and zeolite are suitable materials to form sulfate-reducing biofilms. • Acetotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria attached to zeolite preferably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Campos-Quevedo
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh Moreno-Perlin
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Elías Razo-Flores
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lourdes B Celis
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
| | - Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moura Borowski J, Laste Macagnan K, Igansi Alves M, Tondo Vendruscolo C, da Silveira Moreira A. Alternative tehcniques for Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni preservation at room temperature. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 183:106173. [PMID: 33617895 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of alternative preservation techniques for Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni was studied. The preservation methods in sunflower seeds, glass beads and sterile soil were suitable for maintaining viability and productive capacity of xanthan pruni.
Collapse
|
7
|
Larrea-Alvarez M, Young R, Purton S. A Simple Technology for Generating Marker-Free Chloroplast Transformants of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2317:293-304. [PMID: 34028777 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1472-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The availability of routine methods for the genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is allowing researchers to explore the use of this microalga as a phototrophic cell platform for synthesis of high value recombinant proteins and metabolites. However, the established method for delivering transforming DNA into the algal chloroplast involves microparticle bombardment using an expensive "gene gun". Furthermore, selection of transformant lines most commonly involves the use of a bacterial antibiotic resistance gene. In this chapter, we describe a simple and cheap delivery method in which cell-DNA suspensions are agitated with glass beads: a method that is more commonly used for nuclear transformation of Chlamydomonas. We also describe the use of plasmid expression vectors that target transgenes to a neutral site within the chloroplast genome between psbH and trnE2, and employ psbH as the selectable marker-thereby avoiding issues of unwanted antibiotic resistance genes in the resulting transgenic lines. Finally, we highlight a feature in our latest vectors in which the presence of a novel tRNA gene on the plasmid results in recognition within the chloroplast of UGA stop codons in transgenes as tryptophan codons. This feature simplifies the cloning of transgenes that are normally toxic to E. coli, serves as a biocontainment strategy restricting the functional escape of transgenes from the algal chloroplast to environmental microorganisms, and offers a simple system of temperature-regulated translation of transgenes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schüler LM, Gangadhar KN, Duarte P, Placines C, Molina-Márquez AM, Léon-Bañares R, Sousa VS, Varela J, Barreira L. Improvement of carotenoid extraction from a recently isolated, robust microalga, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 (chlorophyta). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:785-796. [PMID: 31894389 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing consumer interest in carotenoids, particularly of marine sustainable origin with applications in the food, cosmeceutical, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical industries. For instance, microalgae belonging to the genus Tetraselmis are known for their biotechnologically relevant carotenoid profile. The recently isolated marine microalgal strain Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is a fast-growing, robust industrial strain, which has successfully been produced in 100-m3 photobioreactors. However, there are no reports on total carotenoid contents from this strain belonging to T. striata/convolutae clade. Although there are several reports on extraction methods targeting chlorophytes, extraction depends on the strength of cell coverings, solvent polarity and the nature of the targeted carotenoids. Therefore, this article evaluates different extraction methods targeting Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, a strain known to contain a mechanically resistant theca. Here, we propose a factorial experimental design to compare extraction of total carotenoids from wet and freeze-dried microalgal biomass using four different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol or tetrahydrofuran) in combination with two types of mechanical cell disruption (glass beads or dispersion). The extraction efficiency of the methods was assessed by pigment contents and profiles present in the extracts. Extraction of wet biomass by means of glass bead-assisted cell disruption using tetrahydrofuran yielded the highest amounts of lutein and β-carotene (622 ± 40 and 618 ± 32 µg g-1 DW, respectively). Although acetone was slightly less efficient than tetrahydrofuran, it is preferable due to its lower costs and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Schüler
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Chloé Placines
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana María Molina-Márquez
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Huelva, Avda de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa Léon-Bañares
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Huelva, Avda de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Vânia S Sousa
- CIMA, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinheiro CP, Mello TG, Vieira MLG, Pinto LAA. Chitosan-coated different particles in spouted bed and their use in dye continuous adsorption system. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:28510-28523. [PMID: 30929177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three polymer suspensions were used for coating glass beads (GB), porcelain beads (PB), and polyethylene pellets (PP) in spouted bed. Subsequently, the continuous adsorption assays of the food dye Brilliant Blue FCF in a fixed bed column were performed, which was packed with the covered particles. Also, the static adsorption assays were carried out. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models, being that the Temkin model was the most suitable to represent the equilibrium data. The particle coating in the spouted bed showed promising results due to the high efficiency of the process. The PB, GB, and PP obtained coating efficiency values in the range to 92-96% when using the suspension of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose. However, only the polyethylene particles coated with the chitosan suspension maintained its coating efficiency (95%). The maximum adsorption capacities at equilibrium of the coated particles of PP and GB were achieved with the chitosan suspension, being the values of around 800 mg g-1. Thus, the chitosan-coated polyethylene particles showed to be a promising adsorbent for fixed bed column. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio P Pinheiro
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana G Mello
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mery L G Vieira
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz A A Pinto
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Purshottam DK, Srivastava RK, Misra P. Low-cost shoot multiplication and improved growth in different cultivars of Canna indica. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:67. [PMID: 30729091 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canna (Canna indica L.) is an ornamental landscape plant used specially for the garden borders and beds. It grows in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Canna is a less explored crop, mainly because it is a slow growing monocot with extremely hard seed coat and difficult to establish in vitro, as bacterial contamination is carried through the soil-grown rhizome. Many cultivars (ca. 150) of canna are being maintained in the garden germplasm of National Botanical Research Institute. To obtain 100% in vitro seed germination, chipping off of seeds with a sterilized nail clipper and soaking for 24-48 h or until radical emergence was a prerequisite. To obtain a foolproof tissue culture protocol of canna, in the present study, shoot multiplication was obtained through rhizome axillary buds. Among semisolid, liquid submerged and liquid media with glass beads, the highest multiplication of shoots (10) was obtained in liquid media with glass beads in 'Canna Flaccida' cv. within 6 weeks of culture incubation. During a comparative analysis of shoot regeneration among ten most attractive selected cultivars of canna, two did not respond, whereas a significant difference was obtained among eight cultivars. The regenerated shoots were rooted, acclimatized, and transferred to the pots, where they grew normally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pratibha Misra
- 1Plant Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neri E, Gratuze B, Schibille N. The trade of glass beads in early medieval Illyricum: towards an Islamic monopoly. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 2018; 11:1107-1122. [PMID: 31565084 PMCID: PMC6743683 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-017-0583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The trade of glass beads has long been assumed to have been under Islamic dominance during the early centuries following the Arab conquest of the Middle East, judged by the prevalence of Islamic beads in the archaeological contexts from Viking Scandinavia to medieval Morocco. This paper explores the impact of the Byzantine-Slavic transition on the use and by extension trade of glass beads in the Balkans from the seventh to the ninth century CE. A series of 48 glass beads and 4 vessel fragments from two excavated sites in modern day Albania have been analysed morphologically, technologically and chemically by LA-ICP-MS. The seventh-century beads from Lezha have typological parallels among central European assemblages and are made from recycled natron-type glass. The presence of a high lead-iron-natron variant is of particular interest as it potentially reflects a regional production. The ninth-century beads from Komani are made from soda-rich plant ash glass from the eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamia and correspond to an Islamic typology. The chronological and geographical differences are reflected in the distinctive cobalt sources used for the two groups. While the beads from Lezha are coloured with a cobalt not correlated with any particular element, the cobalt source of the Komani samples is associated with zinc, typical of Islamic glass making. It thus appears that the supply of beads during the seventh century when the Balkans were under Slavic occupation relied on regional production and recycled material, and that a long-distance trade with the eastern Mediterranean was revived following the Byzantine re-conquest of the south-eastern Adriatic in the ninth century. Intriguingly, the Albanian finds confirm the Islamic control of the production and trade of glass beads during this period and highlight the mediatory role of the Byzantine Empire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Neri
- IRAMAT-CEB, UMR5060, CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 3D, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Bernard Gratuze
- IRAMAT-CEB, UMR5060, CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 3D, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Nadine Schibille
- IRAMAT-CEB, UMR5060, CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 3D, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Renner N, Steckel H, Urbanetz N, Scherließ R. Nano- and Microstructured model carrier surfaces to alter dry powder inhaler performance. Int J Pharm 2016; 518:20-28. [PMID: 28025073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of different carrier surface modifications on the aerosolisation performance and on the effective carrier payload of interactive blends for inhalation. Two different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were used: Formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FF) and budesonide (BUD). Blends were prepared with glass beads as model carriers which have been subjected to mechanical surface modifications in order to introduce surface roughness via treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and/or milling with tungsten carbide (TC). As far as effective carrier payload, in this study expressed as true surface coverage (TSC), is concerned, surface modification had varying effects on blends containing BUD or FF. Aerodynamic characterisation in vitro showed a significant decrease in respirable fraction for glass beads treated with HF (40.2-50.1%), due to the presence of clefts and cavities, where drug particles were sheltered during inhalation. In contrast, grinding with TC leads to surface roughness on a nano scale, ultimately increasing aerodynamic performance up to 20.0-38.1%. These findings are true for both APIs, regardless of their chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Renner
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Hamadani YAJ, Chu KH, Flora JRV, Kim DH, Jang M, Sohn J, Joo W, Yoon Y. Sonocatalytical degradation enhancement for ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole in the presence of glass beads and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 32:440-448. [PMID: 27150790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out to determine the effects of glass beads (GBs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on ibuprofen (IBP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal using low and high ultrasonic frequencies (28 and 1000kHz). In the absence of catalysts, the sonochemical degradation at pH 7, optimum power of 0.18WmL(-1), and a temperature of 15°C was higher (79% and 72%) at 1000kHz than at 28kHz (45% and 33%) for IBP and SMX, respectively. At the low frequency (28kHz) H2O2 production increased significantly, from 10μM (no GBs) to 86μM in the presence of GBs (0.1mm, 10gL(-1)); however, no enhancement was achieved at 1000kHz. In contrast, the H2O2 production increased from 10μM (no SWNTs) to 31μM at 28kHz and from 82μM (no SWNTs) to 111μM at 1000kHz in the presence of SWNTs (45mgL(-1)). Thus, maximum removals of IBP and SMX were obtained in the presence of a combination of GBs and SWNTs at the low frequency (94% and 88%) for 60min contact time; however, >99% and 97% removals were achieved for 40 and 60min contact times at the high frequency for IBP and SMX, respectively. The results indicate that both IBP and SMX degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Additionally, the enhanced removal of IBP and SMX in the presence of catalysts was because GBs and SWNTs increased the number of free OH radicals due to ultrasonic irradiation and the adsorption capacity increase with SWNT dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir A J Al-Hamadani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joseph R V Flora
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, 215 Jinheungno, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsik Sohn
- School of Civil and Environmental Enginering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Wanho Joo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kibeche A, Dionne A, Brion-Roby R, Gagnon C, Gagnon J. Simple and green technique for sequestration and concentration of silver nanoparticles by polysaccharides immobilized on glass beads in aqueous media. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:34. [PMID: 26075020 PMCID: PMC4464050 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered nanoparticles have unique properties compared to bulk materials and their commercial uses growing rapidly. They represent a potential risk for environment and health and could be eventually released in water. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) are applied in various products and are well-known for their antibacterial properties. Nowadays, pre-concentration and separation methods for Ag NP possess some limitations. Here, we present a simple, green method to sequestrate and concentrate Ag NP from different aqueous media. RESULTS Supported polysaccharides on glass beads synthesized in water by a single step reaction show high sequestration capacity of citrate-coated Ag NP in aqueous media. Supported polysaccharides were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. Sequestration of 83.0 % of Ag NP was attained from a 20 μg.L(-1) aqueous solution with supported chitosan in water whereas supported 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) reached 64.0 % in synthetic seawater in 2 h. The influence of polymer/glass beads ratio and molecular weight of polysaccharides was also studied. The effect of the salinity and humic acids on sequestration of Ag NP was investigated. Supported polymers have shown high performance for sequestration of ionic silver. Sequestration of 82.5 % and 80.8 % were obtained from a 60 μg.L(-1) silver ion (as nitrate salt) with supported HEC and chitosan, respectively. Sequestrated Ag NP was characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where images showed Ag NP with unchanged size and shape. CONCLUSIONS This sequestration method, involving green synthesis, allows efficient concentration and characterization of Ag NP from different aqueous media. This simple and fast method is a potential sustainable technique for elimination of Ag NP and ionic silver from waste waters and waters at different salinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine Kibeche
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Alexandre Dionne
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Roxanne Brion-Roby
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Centre Saint-Laurent, Environment Canada, 105 McGill st., 7th floor, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7 Canada
| | - Jonathan Gagnon
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eryürük K, Yang S, Suzuki D, Sakaguchi I, Katayama A. Effects of bentonite and yeast extract as nutrient on decrease in hydraulic conductivity of porous media due to CaCO3 precipitation induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:411-8. [PMID: 25736267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reduction mechanism of hydraulic conductivity was investigated in porous media treated with bentonite and CaCO3 precipitates induced by growing cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859). Bentonite, the bacterial cells, and a precipitation solution, composing of 0.5 M CaCl2 and 0.5 M urea with or without 2% weight/volume yeast extract allowing the bacterial growth were sequentially introduced into the continuous-flow columns containing glass beads between 0.05 and 3 mm in diameter. The treatments reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the columns from between 8.4 × 10(-1) and 4.1 × 10(-3) cm/s to between 9.9 × 10(-4) and 2.1 × 10(-6) cm/s as the lowest. With yeast extract, the conductivity continuously decreased during four days of the experiment, while became stable after two days without yeast extract. Introduction of the bacterial cells did not decrease the conductivity. The reduction in hydraulic conductivity was inversely correlated with the volume occupied by the depositions of bentonite and CaCO3 precipitates in column, showing the same efficiency but a larger effect of the CaCO3 precipitates with increasing volume by bacterial growth. The smaller glass beads resulted in larger volume of the depositions. Bentonite increased the deposition of CaCO3 precipitates. Analysis using the Kozeny-Carman equation suggested that without yeast extract, bentonite and the CaCO3 precipitates formed aggregates with glass beads, thus increasing their diameter and consequently decreasing the pore size in the column. With yeast extract, in addition to the aggregates, the individual CaCO3 precipitates formed separately from the aggregates reduced the hydraulic conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kağan Eryürük
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Suyin Yang
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Division of Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Division of Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Iwao Sakaguchi
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Division of Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Arata Katayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; EcoTopia Science Institute, Division of Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|