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Meng X, Liu R, Xie J, Li L, Kai Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang H. Valuation of the significant hypoglycemic activity of black currant anthocyanin extract by both starch structure transformation and glycosidase activity inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132112. [PMID: 38714278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of anthocyanin-rich black currant extract (BCE) on the structural properties of starch and the inhibition of glycosidases, gathering data and research evidence to support the use of low glycemic index (GI) foods. The BCE induced a change in the starch crystal structure from A-type to V-type, resulting in a drop in digestibility from 81.41 % to 65.57 %. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of BCE on glycosidases activity (α-glucosidase: IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.05 mg/mL and α-amylase: IC50 = 2.67 ± 0.16 mg/mL) by inducing a change in spatial conformation were confirmed through in vitro analysis. The presence of a 5'-OH group facilitated the interaction between anthocyanins and receptors of amylose, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. The glycosyl moiety enhanced the affinity for amylose yet lowered the inhibitory effect on α-amylase. The in vivo analysis demonstrated that BCE resulted in a reduction of 3.96 mM·h in blood glucose levels (Area Under Curve). The significant hypoglycemic activity, particularly the decrease in postprandial blood glucose levels, highlights the potential of utilizing BCE in functional foods for preventing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Liwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China; Health Food Development Center, Tasly Academy, Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yu Kai
- Orthopedics Department, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungus Preservation and Intensive Processing, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
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2
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Sivaramakrishnan M, Veeraganti Naveen Prakash C, Chandrasekar B. Multifaceted roles of plant glycosyl hydrolases during pathogen infections: more to discover. Planta 2024; 259:113. [PMID: 38581452 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed by a family of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases. Here, we have summarized the roles of various plant defense glycosidases that possess different substrate specificities. We have also highlighted the open questions in this research field. Glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) are a family of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Compared to those of all other sequenced organisms, plant genomes contain a remarkable diversity of glycosidases. Plant glycosidases exhibit activities on various substrates and have been shown to play important roles during pathogen infections. Plant glycosidases from different GH families have been shown to act upon pathogen components, host cell walls, host apoplastic sugars, host secondary metabolites, and host N-glycans to mediate immunity against invading pathogens. We could classify the activities of these plant defense GHs under eleven different mechanisms through which they operate during pathogen infections. Here, we have provided comprehensive information on the catalytic activities, GH family classification, subcellular localization, domain structure, functional roles, and microbial strategies to regulate the activities of defense-related plant GHs. We have also emphasized the research gaps and potential investigations needed to advance this topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, 333031, India.
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Llopiz A, Ramírez-Martínez MA, Olvera L, Xolalpa-Villanueva W, Pastor N, Saab-Rincon G. The Role of a Loop in the Non-catalytic Domain B on the Hydrolysis/Transglycosylation Specificity of the 4-α-Glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima. Protein J 2023; 42:502-518. [PMID: 37464145 PMCID: PMC10480278 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which glycoside hydrolases control the reaction specificity through hydrolysis or transglycosylation is a key element embedded in their chemical structures. The determinants of reaction specificity seem to be complex. We looked for structural differences in domain B between the 4-α-glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGTase) and the α-amylase from Thermotoga petrophila (TpAmylase) and found a longer loop in the former that extends towards the active site carrying a W residue at its tip. Based on these differences we constructed the variants W131G and the partial deletion of the loop at residues 120-124/128-131, which showed a 11.6 and 11.4-fold increased hydrolysis/transglycosylation (H/T) ratio relative to WT protein, respectively. These variants had a reduction in the maximum velocity of the transglycosylation reaction, while their affinity for maltose as the acceptor was not substantially affected. Molecular dynamics simulations allow us to rationalize the increase in H/T ratio in terms of the flexibility near the active site and the conformations of the catalytic acid residues and their associated pKas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Llopiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marco A Ramírez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Xolalpa-Villanueva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincon
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Désiré J, Debbah Z, Gueyrard D, Marrot J, Blériot Y, Kato A. Evaluation of nonnatural L-iminosugar C,C-glycosides, a new class of C-branched iminosugars, as glycosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108903. [PMID: 37523839 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Capitalizing on a previously developed Staudinger/azaWittig/Grignard (SAWG)-ring contraction sequence that furnished protected six-membered L-iminosugar C,C-glycosides bearing an allyl group and various substituents at the pseudoanomeric position, the synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of a small library of six- and seven-membered L-iminosugar C,C-glycosides is reported. Their hydrogenolysis or cyclization by RCM followed by deprotection afforded eleven L-iminosugars including spirocyclic derivatives. All compounds adopt a 1C4 conformation in solution according to NMR data. Compared to previously reported branched L-iminosugars, the L-iminosugar C,C-glycosides reported herein were less potent glycosidase inhibitors. However, some of these compounds showed micromolar inhibition of human lysosome β-glucocerebrosidase suggesting that such iminosugars could be useful to access potent CGase inhibitors by adjusting the structure/length of the pseudoanomeric substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Désiré
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, F-86073, Poitiers, France.
| | - Zakaria Debbah
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - David Gueyrard
- Laboratoire Chimie Organique II-Glycochimie - ICBMS - UMR 5246, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 Bâtiment Lederer - 1, rue V. Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yves Blériot
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, F-86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Iacono R, De Lise F, Moracci M, Cobucci-Ponzano B, Strazzulli A. Glycoside hydrolases from (hyper)thermophilic archaea: structure, function, and applications. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:731-751. [PMID: 37341134 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
(Hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to break down complex sugars and polysaccharides at high temperatures. These enzymes have an unique structure that allows them to remain stable and functional in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge and milestones on the structures and functions of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases and their potential applications in various fields. In particular, this review focuses on the structural characteristics of these enzymes and how these features relate to their catalytic activity by discussing different types of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases, including β-glucosidases, chitinase, cellulases and α-amylases, describing their molecular structures, active sites, and mechanisms of action, including their role in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. By providing a comprehensive overview of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases, this review aims to stimulate further research into these fascinating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Iacono
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Obiol A, López-Escardó D, Salomaki ED, Wiśniewska MM, Forn I, Sà E, Vaqué D, Kolísko M, Massana R. Gene expression dynamics of natural assemblages of heterotrophic flagellates during bacterivory. Microbiome 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37322519 PMCID: PMC10268365 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine heterotrophic flagellates (HF) are dominant bacterivores in the ocean, where they represent the trophic link between bacteria and higher trophic levels and participate in the recycling of inorganic nutrients for regenerated primary production. Studying their activity and function in the ecosystem is challenging since most of the HFs in the ocean are still uncultured. In the present work, we investigated gene expression of natural HF communities during bacterivory in four unamended seawater incubations. RESULTS The most abundant species growing in our incubations belonged to the taxonomic groups MAST-4, MAST-7, Chrysophyceae, and Telonemia. Gene expression dynamics were similar between incubations and could be divided into three states based on microbial counts, each state displaying distinct expression patterns. The analysis of samples where HF growth was highest revealed some highly expressed genes that could be related to bacterivory. Using available genomic and transcriptomic references, we identified 25 species growing in our incubations and used those to compare the expression levels of these specific genes. Video Abstract CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that several peptidases, together with some glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases, are more expressed in phagotrophic than in phototrophic species, and thus could be used to infer the process of bacterivory in natural assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Obiol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain.
| | - David López-Escardó
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Eric D Salomaki
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Monika M Wiśniewska
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Forn
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sà
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Dolors Vaqué
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Martin Kolísko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ramon Massana
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain.
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Morais MAB, Nin-Hill A, Rovira C. Glycosidase mechanisms: Sugar conformations and reactivity in endo- and exo-acting enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102282. [PMID: 36931022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic breakdown of carbohydrates plays a critical role in several biological events and enables the development of sustainable processes to obtain bioproducts and biofuels. In this scenario, the design of efficient inhibitors for glycosidases that can act as drug targets and the engineering of carbohydrate-active enzymes with tailored catalytic properties is of remarkable importance. To guide rational approaches, it is necessary to elucidate enzyme molecular mechanisms, in particular understanding how the microenvironment modulates the conformational space explored by the substrate. Computer simulations, especially those based on ab initio methods, have provided a suitable atomic description of carbohydrate conformations and catalytic reactions in several glycosidase families. In this review, we will focus on how the active-site topology (pocket or cleft) and mode of cleavage (endo or exo) can affect the catalytic mechanisms adopted by glycosidases, in particular the substrate conformations along the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Abrahão Bueno Morais
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Alba Nin-Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Szczubiał M, Kankofer M, Wawrzykowski J, Dąbrowski R, Bochniarz M, Brodzki P. Activity of the glycosidases β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase in uterine tissues from female dogs in diestrus with and without pyometra. Theriogenology 2022; 177:133-139. [PMID: 34700070 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the activity of selected glycosidases (β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase) in homogenates of uterine tissues obtained from female dogs with and without pyometra. In addition, it examined the availability of substrates for these glycosidases in the homogenates. The study was carried out on female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy for pyometra (n = 10) and clinically healthy dogs (n = 10) undergoing elective spaying. The activity of β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, and β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase was analyzed using a spectrofluorometer and that of sialidase using a colorimetric method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Alcian Blue (AB) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed to determine the presence of substrates for these glycosidases in the homogenates of uterine tissues. The results revealed that the activity of all the examined glycosidases was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the uterine tissues isolated from dogs with pyometra in comparison to healthy dogs. The electrophoretic patterns of the selected samples showed several proteins, which contained different sugar moieties stained by AB and PAS and the profiles differed significantly between the pyometra group and the healthy group. Densitometric analysis of AB staining showed patterns between 233 and 148, 86 and 55, and 43 and 20 kDa, which differed markedly in sugar content between the examined groups of animals. Similarly, PAS staining analysis revealed patterns of different molecular weights, between 233 and 117 and between 55 and 32 kDa, which also differed in sugar content. These findings suggest that canine pyometra is accompanied by the increase in the activity of selected glycosidases in the uterus. This could potentially modify the glycan structures of uterine glycoproteins and in result their biological functions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of the increased activity of glycosidases in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Mendoza F, Masgrau L. Computational modeling of carbohydrate processing enzymes reactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 61:203-213. [PMID: 33812143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate processing enzymes are of biocatalytic interest. Glycoside hydrolases and the recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase for their use in biomass degradation to obtain biofuels or valued chemical entities. Glycosyltransferases or engineered glycosidases and phosphorylases for the synthesis of carbohydrates and glycosylated products. Quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are highly contributing to establish their different chemical reaction mechanisms. Other computational methods are also used to study enzyme conformational changes, ligand pathways, and processivity, e.g. for processive glycosidases like cellobiohydrolases. There is still a long road to travel to fully understand the role of conformational dynamics in enzyme activity and also to disclose the variety of reaction mechanisms these enzymes employ. Additionally, computational tools for enzyme engineering are beginning to be applied to evaluate substrate specificity or aid in the design of new biocatalysts with increased thermostability or tailored activity, a growing field where molecular modeling is finding its way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Talcahuano, 4260000, Chile
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnología i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Zymvol Biomodeling, Carrer Roc Boronat, 117, 08018, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Martínez-Bailén M, Carmona AT, Cardona F, Matassini C, Goti A, Kubo M, Kato A, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Synthesis of multimeric pyrrolidine iminosugar inhibitors of human β-glucocerebrosidase and α-galactosidase A: First example of a multivalent enzyme activity enhancer for Fabry disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112173. [PMID: 32146376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chemical library of multimeric pyrrolidine-based iminosugars by incorporation of three pairs of epimeric pyrrolidine-azides into different alkyne scaffolds via CuAAC is presented. The new multimers were evaluated as inhibitors of two important therapeutic enzymes, human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) and lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Structure-activity relationships were established focusing on the iminosugar inhitope, the valency of the dendron and the linker between the inhitope and the central scaffold. Remarkable is the result obtained in the inhibition of α-Gal A, where one of the nonavalent compounds showed potent inhibition (0.20 μM, competitive inhibition), being a 375-fold more potent inhibitor than the monovalent reference. The potential of the best α-Gal A inhibitors to act as pharmacological chaperones was analyzed by evaluating their ability to increase the activity of this enzyme in R301G fibroblasts from patients with Fabry disease, a genetic disorder related with a reduced activity of α-Gal A. The best enzyme activity enhancement was obtained for the same nonavalent compound, which increased 5.2-fold the activity of the misfolded enzyme at 2.5 μM, what constitutes the first example of a multivalent α-Gal A activity enhancer of potential interest in the treatment of Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Moemi Kubo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Li Q, Wu T, Zhao L, Pei J, Wang Z, Xiao W. Highly Efficient Biotransformation of Astragaloside IV to Cycloastragenol by Sugar-Stimulated β-Glucosidase and β-Xylosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:1882-1893. [PMID: 30176709 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1807.07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases and β-xylosidases are two categories of enzymes that could cleave out nonreducing, terminal β-D-glucosyl and β-D-xylosyl residues with release of D-glucose and Dxylose, respectively. In this paper, two functional β-glucosidase Dth3 and β-xylosidase Xln-DT from Dictyoglomus thermophilum were heterologously expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3). Dth3 and Xln-DT were relatively stable at 75°C and were tolerant or even stimulated by glucose and xylose. Dth3 was highly tolerant to glucose with a Ki value of approximately 3 M. Meanwhile, it was not affected by xylose in high concentration. The activity of Xln-DT was stimulated 2.13- fold by 1 M glucose and 1.29-fold by 0.3 M xylose, respectively. Furthermore, the β- glucosidase Dth3 and β-xylosidase Xln-DT showed excellent selectivity to cleave the outer C-6 and C-3 sugar moieties of ASI, which established an effective and green method to produce the more pharmacologically active CAG, an exclusive telomerase activator. We measured temperature, pH and dosage of enzyme using a single-factor experiment in ASI biotransformation. After optimization, the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 75°C, pH 5.5, 1 U of Dth3 and 0.2 U of Xln-DT, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, 1 g/l ASI was transformed into 0.63 g/l CAG with a corresponding molar conversion of 94.5% within 3 h. This is the first report to use the purified thermostable and sugar-tolerant enzymes from Dictyoglomus thermophilum to hydrolyze ASI synergistically, which provides a specific, environment-friendly and cost-effective way to produce CAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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12
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Coines J, Raich L, Rovira C. Modeling catalytic reaction mechanisms in glycoside hydrolases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:183-191. [PMID: 31731209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Modeling catalysis in carbohydrate-active enzymes is a daunting challenge because of the high flexibility and diversity of both enzymes and carbohydrates. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are an illustrative example, where conformational changes and subtle interactions have been shown to be critical for catalysis. GHs have pivotal roles in industry (e.g. biofuel or detergent production) and biomedicine (e.g. targets for cancer and diabetes), and thus, a huge effort is devoted to unveil their molecular mechanisms. Besides experimental techniques, computational methods have served to provide an in-depth understanding of GH mechanisms, capturing complex reaction coordinates and the conformational itineraries that substrates follow during the whole catalytic pathway, providing a framework that ultimately may assist the engineering of these enzymes and the design of new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Coines
- Departament de Química Inorgànica I Orgànica (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Raich
- Departament de Química Inorgànica I Orgànica (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica I Orgànica (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Artola M, Wouters S, Schröder SP, de Boer C, Chen Y, Petracca R, van den Nieuwendijk AMCH, Aerts JMFG, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Overkleeft HS. Direct Stereoselective Aziridination of Cyclohexenols with 3-Amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4(3 H)-one in the Synthesis of Cyclitol Aziridine Glycosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:1397-1404. [PMID: 31787842 PMCID: PMC6876648 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophellitol aziridine and its configurational and functional isomers are powerful covalent inhibitors of retaining glycosidases, and find application in fundamental studies on glycosidases, amongst others in relation to inherited lysosomal storage disorders caused by glycosidase malfunctioning. Few direct and stereoselective aziridination methodologies are known for the synthesis of cyclophellitol aziridines. Herein, we present our studies on the scope of direct 3‐amino‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐mediated aziridination on a variety of configurational and functional cyclohexenol isosters. We demonstrate that the aziridination can be directed by an allylic or homoallylic hydroxyl through H‐bonding and that steric hindrance plays a key role in the diastereoselectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Artola
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Shirley Wouters
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sybrin P Schröder
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Casper de Boer
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yurong Chen
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rita Petracca
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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14
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Wills SS, Raston CL, Stubbs KA. Integrating thin film microfluidics in developing a concise synthesis of DGJNAc: A potent inhibitor of α-N-acetylgalctosaminidases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3748-51. [PMID: 30366618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis, which utilizes a thin film microfluidic reactor for a problematic step, of a potent inhibitor of α-N-acetylhexosaminidases, DGJNAc, has been developed.
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15
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Abstract
The vast majority of lysosomal proteins are heavily glycosylated. The present protocol describes the method of analyzing N- and O-linked glycans in lysosomal proteins of interest. The method is based on using deglycosylating enzymes, endoglycosidases, and exoglycosidases. Endoglycosidases catalyze the cleavage of an internal bond in an oligosaccharide, while exoglycosidases remove terminal carbohydrates from glycans. Different types of carbohydrate residues or chains can be removed by specific glycosidases. Removing oligosaccharides with glycosidases increases the electrophoretic mobility of a protein. This increase in mobility depends on the size and number of removed carbohydrate chains. Therefore, the treatment of lysosomal proteins with specific glycosidases followed by a western blot analysis of a protein of interest provides a way to determine which types of glycans are present in the protein by comparing the gel mobility before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Tokhtaeva
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, VAGLAHS/West LA, Building 113, Room 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Olga A Mareninova
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, VAGLAHS/West LA, Building 113, Room 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, VAGLAHS/West LA, Building 113, Room 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Olga Vagin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, VAGLAHS/West LA, Building 113, Room 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
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16
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Aguilera AC, Boschin V, Robina I, Elías-Rodríguez P, Sosa MA. Epididymal α-l-fucosidase and its possible role in remodelling the surface of bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2017; 104:134-141. [PMID: 28843076 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian epididymis provides an appropriate environment for sperm maturation. During the epididymal transit, spermatozoa undergo biochemical and morphological changes that lead to the acquisition of the fertilizing capacity. In this study we analysed the fucosylation status of membrane glycoproteins in the spermatozoa obtained from different regions of the bull epididymis. High amounts of fucose were detected on caput spermatozoa (R.F.I. = 1010 ± 20.35), mostly located in the post-acrosome zone. A significant decrease in the fucose levels was detected toward the cauda (R.F.I. = 540.5 ± 49.93) (P < 0.05). This decrease was in line with the increased activity of α-l-fucosidase in the cauda fluid. In sperm from the cauda, the defucosylation occurred in some proteins, whereas others showed higher fucosylation rates. A significant decrease of fucose in the gametes was observed upon incubation of crude cauda fluid with caput spermatozoa (from R.F.I. = 1.45 ± 0.08 to 1.06 ± 0.03) (P < 0.05) indicating that the α-l-fucosidase present in the epididymal fluid is active on spermatozoa. Moreover, this effect was blocked with specific enzyme inhibitors. These results provide direct evidence that the α-l-fucosidase from epididymal fluid participates in the fucose removal from spermatozoa, as a step of sperm maturation in the bull epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carolina Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Veronica Boschin
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Elías-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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17
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Dráb T, Ren Š, Maňásková-Postlerová P, Tichá M, Jonáková V, Liberda J. Glycosidases in porcine follicular fluid and their effect on zona pellucida-AWN 1 spermadhesin interaction. Theriogenology 2017; 100:80-87. [PMID: 28708538 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide moieties on the surface of the oocyte belong to the key molecules that direct the course of fertilization and are subjected to changes during oocyte maturation in the follicle. In our study, we focused on the activities of five glycosidases in the fluids from porcine secondary and preovulatory follicles (α-l-fucosidase, α-d-galactosidase, β-d-galactosidase, β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and α-d-mannosidase). All of them were detected active at neutral and acidic pH. However, changes in their activities associated with follicle development were observed only in the case of α-d-mannosidase, which was increased (P < 0.001), and β-d-galactosidase, which was decreased (P < 0.001) at neutral pH, and of α-d-galactosidase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, which were decreased (P < 0.0001) at the acidic pH. The comparison of glycosidases from follicular fluid and from blood plasma using red native electrophoresis revealed that most of the glycosidases are present in more than one isoenzyme form; some of them were detected mainly in the follicular fluid. Finally, we tested the effect of glycosidases on the interaction between zona pellucida and AWN 1 spermadhesin (putative sperm receptor of zona pellucida) and demonstrated that the effect of both β-d-galactosidase and to a lesser degree α-d-mannosidase led to a decrease in this interaction. We can hypothesize that these two glycosidases modulate the amount of zona pellucida oligosaccharide moieties and/or their structures for an optimal sperm binding in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Dráb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Maňásková-Postlerová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Tichá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Jonáková
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Liberda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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18
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Fernández-Delgado M, Cortez J, Sulbarán G, Matos C, Incani RN, Ballén DE, Cesari IM. Differential distribution and biochemical characteristics of hydrolases among developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni may offer new anti-parasite targets. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:816-820. [PMID: 27693560 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni enzymes play important roles in host-parasite interactions and are potential targets for immunological and/or pharmacological attack. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess the presence of hydrolytic activities (phosphatases, glycosidases, aminopeptidases) in soluble (SF) and membrane (MF) fractions from different S. mansoni developmental stages (schistosomula 0 and 3h, juveniles, and adult worms of 28 and 45days-old, respectively), by using simple enzyme-substrate microassays. Our results show and confirm the prominent presence of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) activity in the MF of all the above parasite stages, highlighting also the relevant presence of MF-associated α-mannosidase (α-MAN) activity in juveniles. A soluble AlP activity, together with β-N-D-acetylglucosaminidase (β-NAG), and α-MAN activities, was detected in SF of schistosomulum 0h. Soluble β-NAG, α-MAN, acid phosphatase (AcP), leucin (LAP) and alanine (AAP) aminopeptidase activities were also seen in the SF of the other different developmental stages. This work shows different soluble and membrane-associated hydrolytic capacities in each S. mansoni developmental stage from schistosomula to adults that might be exploitable as potential new targets for immune and/or chemoprophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagro Fernández-Delgado
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jackeline Cortez
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Guiden Sulbarán
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - César Matos
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Renzo Nino Incani
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Diana E Ballén
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Italo M Cesari
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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20
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Lee SH, Choe H, Kim SG, Park DS, Nasir A, Kim BK, Kim KM. Complete genome of brown algal polysaccharides-degrading Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii KCTC 12958(T) (=KMM 3549(T)). J Biotechnol 2016; 219:86-7. [PMID: 26732413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic marine bacterium that was isolated from the thallus of Fucus evanescens (marine brown macroalgae) sampled from the Kraternaya Bight of the Kurile Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we report the complete genome of P. issachenkonii KCTC 12958(T) (=KMM 3549(T)=LMG 19697(T)=CIP 106858(T)), which consists of 4,131,541 bp (G+C content of 40.3%) with two chromosomes, 3538 protein-coding genes, 102 tRNAs and 8 rRNA operons. Several genes related to glycoside hydrolases, proteases, and bacteriolytic- and hemolytic activities were detected in the genome that help explain how the strain mediates degradation of algal cell wall and decomposes algal polysaccharides into industrially applicable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heon Lee
- Microbial Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choe
- Microbial Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Gun Kim
- Microbial Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sang Park
- Microbial Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshan Nasir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Microbial Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Menendez-Helman RJ, Sanjurjo C, Miranda PV. Seminal plasma hexosaminidase in patients with normal and abnormal spermograms. Iran J Reprod Med 2015; 13:541-8. [PMID: 26568758 PMCID: PMC4637121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosidases profusion in male reproductive fluids suggests a possible relationship with sperm function. Although Hexosaminidase (Hex) is the most active glycosidase in epididymal fluid and seminal plasma, as well as in spermatozoa, Glucosidase is considered a marker for epididymal function and azoospermia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine Hex activity in seminal plasma from patients with normal and abnormal spermograms and analyze its correlation with seminal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross sectional study, seminal plasma from azoospermic, asthenozoospermic, teratozoospermic, and normozoospermic patients was analyzed for the activity of: total Hex, HexA isoform, and glucosidase. Besides, hexosamine levels were determined, and the amount of Hex was quantified by immunoblot with a specific antibody. Correlation of Hex activity with seminal parameters was also analyzed. RESULTS Hex activity, like glucosidase, was significantly reduced in azoospermic samples (44, 49, and 60% reduction for total Hex, HexA and glucosidase, respectively). A reduced amount of Hex in azoospermic samples was confirmed by western immunoblot. Hex activity was negatively correlated with round cells in azoospermic samples and positively correlated with motility in asthenozoospermic ones. CONCLUSION The results suggested that Hex activity was reduced in azoospermic samples and this was due to a lower amount of enzyme. The correlation to seminal parameters related to particular pathologies suggests a possible relationship of Hex with fertilizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Julia Menendez-Helman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental – CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IQUIBICEN (FCEyN, UBA – CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Patricia Vivian Miranda
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental – CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología Rosario (INDEAR), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Abstract
This article covers recent developments in the design and application of activity-based probes (ABPs) for glycosidases, with emphasis on the different enzymes involved in metabolism of glucosylceramide in humans. Described are the various catalytic reaction mechanisms employed by inverting and retaining glycosidases. An understanding of catalysis at the molecular level has stimulated the design of different types of ABPs for glycosidases. Such compounds range from (1) transition-state mimics tagged with reactive moieties, which associate with the target active site—forming covalent bonds in a relatively nonspecific manner in or near the catalytic pocket—to (2) enzyme substrates that exploit the catalytic mechanism of retaining glycosidase targets to release a highly reactive species within the active site of the enzyme, to (3) probes based on mechanism-based, covalent, and irreversible glycosidase inhibitors. Some applications in biochemical and biological research of the activity-based glycosidase probes are discussed, including specific quantitative visualization of active enzyme molecules in vitro and in vivo, and as strategies for unambiguously identifying catalytic residues in glycosidases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Stephens K, Thaler CD, Cardullo RA. Characterization of plasma membrane associated type II α-D-mannosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Aquarius remigis sperm. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 60:78-85. [PMID: 25801709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For successful fertilization to occur, molecules on the surface of male and female gametes must recognize each other in a complementary manner. In some organisms, sperm possess a glycosidase on the plasma membrane overlying the head while eggs have glycoproteins that are recognized by those glycosidases resulting in sperm-egg recognition. In this study, two glycosidases, mannosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were identified and biochemically characterized in Aquarius remigis sperm. The mannosidase had a Km of 2.36 ± 0.19 mM, a Vmax of 27.49 ± 0.88 pmol/min and a Hill coefficient of 0.94 ± 0.18 at its optimal pH of 7.0. The mannosidase was extracted most efficiently with CHAPSO but was also efficiently extracted with sodium chloride. Mannosidase activity was effectively inhibited by swainsonine, but not by kifunesine, and was significantly reduced in the presence of Mn(2+) and Mg(2+), but not Zn(2+). N-acetylglucosaminidase had a Km of 0.093 ± 0.01 mM, a Vmax of 153.80 ± 2.97 pmol/min and a Hill coefficient of 0.96 ± 0.63 at its optimal pH of 7.0. N-acetylglucosaminidase was extracted most efficiently with potassium iodide but was also efficiently extracted with Triton X-100 and Zn(2+), but not Ca(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+) or Mg(2+), significantly inhibited its activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the A. remigis sperm surface contains at least two glycosidases that may recognize complementary glycoconjugates on the surface of water strider eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Stephens
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Catherine D Thaler
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard A Cardullo
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Oral colonising bacteria are highly adapted to the various environmental niches harboured within the mouth, whether that means while contributing to one of the major oral diseases of caries, pulp infections, or gingival/periodontal disease or as part of a commensal lifestyle. Key to these infections is the ability to adhere to surfaces via a range of specialised adhesins targeted at both salivary and epithelial proteins, their glycans and to form biofilm. They must also resist the various physical stressors they are subjected to, including pH and oxidative stress. Possibly most strikingly, they have developed the ability to harvest both nutrient sources provided by the diet and those derived from the host, such as protein and surface glycans. We have attempted to review recent developments that have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms at work in shaping the physiology of oral bacteria and how we might use this information to design and implement new treatment strategies.
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25
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Suzuki H, Ohto U, Higaki K, Mena-Barragán T, Aguilar-Moncayo M, Ortiz Mellet C, Nanba E, Garcia Fernandez JM, Suzuki Y, Shimizu T. Structural basis of pharmacological chaperoning for human β-galactosidase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14560-8. [PMID: 24737316 PMCID: PMC4031513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease are autosomal recessive diseases caused by the defect in the lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-Gal), frequently related to misfolding and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy is a newly developed molecular therapeutic approach by using small molecule ligands of the mutant enzyme that are able to promote the correct folding and prevent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and promote trafficking to the lysosome. In this report, we describe the enzymological properties of purified recombinant human β-Gal(WT) and two representative mutations in GM1 gangliosidosis Japanese patients, β-Gal(R201C) and β-Gal(I51T). We have also evaluated the PC effect of two competitive inhibitors of β-Gal. Moreover, we provide a detailed atomic view of the recognition mechanism of these compounds in comparison with two structurally related analogues. All compounds bind to the active site of β-Gal with the sugar-mimicking moiety making hydrogen bonds to active site residues. Moreover, the binding affinity, the enzyme selectivity, and the PC potential are strongly affected by the mono- or bicyclic structure of the core as well as the orientation, nature, and length of the exocyclic substituent. These results provide understanding on the mechanism of action of β-Gal selective chaperoning by newly developed PC compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Suzuki
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- the Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Teresa Mena-Barragán
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Matilde Aguilar-Moncayo
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Eiji Nanba
- the Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Jose M Garcia Fernandez
- the Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), CSIC, University of Sevilla, Americo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- the International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Kita Kanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan, and
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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26
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Iannotti MJ, Figard L, Sokac AM, Sifers RN. A Golgi-localized mannosidase (MAN1B1) plays a non-enzymatic gatekeeper role in protein biosynthetic quality control. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11844-11858. [PMID: 24627495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation-based disorders are manifested at the level of protein structure, necessitating an accurate understanding of how misfolded proteins are processed by the cellular proteostasis network. Asparagine-linked glycosylation plays important roles for protein quality control within the secretory pathway. The suspected role for the MAN1B1 gene product MAN1B1, also known as ER mannosidase I, is to function within the ER similar to the yeast ortholog Mns1p, which removes a terminal mannose unit to initiate a glycan-based ER-associated degradation (ERAD) signal. However, we recently discovered that MAN1B1 localizes to the Golgi complex in human cells and uncovered its participation in ERAD substrate retention, retrieval to the ER, and subsequent degradation from this organelle. The objective of the current study was to further characterize the contribution of MAN1B1 as part of a Golgi-based quality control network. Multiple lines of experimental evidence support a model in which neither the mannosidase activity nor catalytic domain is essential for the retention or degradation of the misfolded ERAD substrate Null Hong Kong. Instead, a highly conserved, vertebrate-specific non-enzymatic decapeptide sequence in the luminal stem domain plays a significant role in controlling the fate of overexpressed Null Hong Kong. Together, these findings define a new functional paradigm in which Golgi-localized MAN1B1 can play a mannosidase-independent gatekeeper role in the proteostasis network of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Iannotti
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lauren Figard
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Anna M Sokac
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Richard N Sifers
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
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27
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Abstract
Experiments were carried out to probe the details of the hydration-initiated hydrolysis catalyzed by the Clostridium perfringens unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase of glycoside hydrolase family 88 in the CAZy classification system. Direct (1)H NMR monitoring of the enzymatic reaction detected no accumulated reaction intermediates in solution, suggesting that rearrangement of the initial hydration product occurs on-enzyme. An attempt at mechanism-based trapping of on-enzyme intermediates using a 1,1-difluoro-substrate was unsuccessful because the probe was too deactivated to be turned over by the enzyme. Kinetic isotope effects arising from deuterium-for-hydrogen substitution at carbons 1 and 4 provide evidence for separate first-irreversible and overall rate-determining steps in the hydration reaction, with two potential mechanisms proposed to explain these results. Based on the positioning of catalytic residues in the enzyme active site, the lack of efficient turnover of a 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-substrate, and several unsuccessful attempts at confirmation of a simpler mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate, the most plausible mechanism is one involving an intermediate bearing an epoxide on carbons 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seino A K Jongkees
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hayoung Yoo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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28
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Fujita K, Takashi Y, Obuchi E, Kitahara K, Suganuma T. Characterization of a novel β-L-arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium longum: functional elucidation of a DUF1680 protein family member. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5240-9. [PMID: 24385433 PMCID: PMC3931080 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pfam DUF1680 (PF07944) is an uncharacterized protein family conserved in many species of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and plants. Previously, we cloned and characterized the hypBA2 gene as a β-L-arabinobiosidase in Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217. In this study, we cloned a DUF1680 family member, the hypBA1 gene, which constitutes a gene cluster with hypBA2. HypBA1 is a novel β-L-arabinofuranosidase that liberates L-arabinose from the L-arabinofuranose (Araf)-β1,2-Araf disaccharide. HypBA1 also transglycosylates 1-alkanols with retention of the anomeric configuration. Mutagenesis and azide rescue experiments indicated that Glu-338 is a critical residue for catalytic activity. This study provides the first characterization of a DUF1680 family member, which defines a new family of glycoside hydrolases, the glycoside hydrolase family 127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fujita
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yukari Takashi
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Eriko Obuchi
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kanefumi Kitahara
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suganuma
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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29
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Paciotti S, Persichetti E, Klein K, Tasegian A, Duvet S, Hartmann D, Gieselmann V, Beccari T. Accumulation of free oligosaccharides and tissue damage in cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2c1)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9611-22. [PMID: 24550399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Free Man(7-9)GlcNAc2 is released during the biosynthesis pathway of N-linked glycans or from misfolded glycoproteins during the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process and are reduced to Man5GlcNAc in the cytosol. In this form, free oligosaccharides can be transferred into the lysosomes to be degraded completely. α-Mannosidase (MAN2C1) is the enzyme responsible for the partial demannosylation occurring in the cytosol. It has been demonstrated that the inhibition of MAN2C1 expression induces accumulation of Man(8-9)GlcNAc oligosaccharides and apoptosis in vitro. We investigated the consequences caused by the lack of cytosolic α-mannosidase activity in vivo by the generation of Man2c1-deficient mice. Increased amounts of Man(8-9)GlcNAc oligosaccharides were recognized in all analyzed KO tissues. Histological analysis of the CNS revealed neuronal and glial degeneration with formation of multiple vacuoles in deep neocortical layers and major telencephalic white matter tracts. Enterocytes of the small intestine accumulate mannose-containing saccharides and glycogen particles in their apical cytoplasm as well as large clear vacuoles in retronuclear position. Liver tissue is characterized by groups of hepatocytes with increased content of mannosyl compounds and glycogen, some of them undergoing degeneration by hydropic swelling. In addition, lectin screening showed the presence of mannose-containing saccharides in the epithelium of proximal kidney tubules, whereas scattered glomeruli appeared collapsed or featured signs of fibrosis along Bowman's capsule. Except for a moderate enrichment of mannosyl compounds and glycogen, heterozygous mice were normal, arguing against possible toxic effects of truncated Man2c1. These findings confirm the key role played by Man2c1 in the catabolism of free oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paciotti
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
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30
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Oliveira IA, Gonçalves AS, Neves JL, von Itzstein M, Todeschini AR. Evidence of ternary complex formation in Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase catalysis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:423-36. [PMID: 24194520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) is a key target protein for Chagas disease chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the implications of active site flexibility on the biochemical mechanism of TcTS. Molecular dynamics studies revealed remarkable plasticity in the TcTS catalytic site, demonstrating, for the first time, how donor substrate engagement with the enzyme induces an acceptor binding site in the catalytic pocket that was not previously captured in crystal structures. Furthermore, NMR data showed cooperative binding between donor and acceptor substrates, supporting theoretical results. In summary, our data put forward a coherent dynamic framework to understand how a glycosidase evolved its highly efficient trans-glycosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora A Oliveira
- From the Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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31
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Ouairy C, Cresteil T, Delpech B, Crich D. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-deoxy and 3-deoxy-3-fluoro derivatives of gluco- and manno-configured tetrahydropyridoimidazole glycosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 377:35-43. [PMID: 23792222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Three tetrahydropyridoimidazole-type glycosidase inhibitors have been synthesized with the 3-deoxy ribo- and arabino-, and 3-deoxy-3-fluoro gluco-configurations and two of them screened for activity against α- and β-gluco- and mannosidase enzymes. Only one substance, the 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-derivative of the gluco-configured tetrahydropyridoimidazole was found to have any activity against a single enzyme, sweet almond β-glucosidase, and even then at a level 100-fold lower than that of the corresponding simple gluco-configured tetrahydropyridoimidazole thereby underlining the importance of the 3-hydroxy group in the key substrate-enzyme interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ouairy
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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32
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Uchiyama T, Miyazaki K, Yaoi K. Characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from a compost microbial metagenome with strong transglycosylation activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18325-34. [PMID: 23661705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-glucosidase encoded by the td2f2 gene was isolated from a compost microbial metagenomic library by functional screening. The protein was identified to be a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 and was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and biochemically characterized. The recombinant β-glucosidase, Td2F2, exhibited enzymatic activity with β-glycosidic substrates, with preferences for glucose, fucose, and galactose. Hydrolysis occurred at the nonreducing end and in an exo manner. The order of catalytic efficiency for glucodisaccharides and cellooligosaccharides was sophorose > cellotetraose > cellotriose > laminaribiose > cellobiose > cellopentaose > gentiobiose, respectively. Intriguingly, the p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside hydrolysis activity of Td2F2 was activated by various monosaccharides and sugar alcohols. At a D-glucose concentration of 1000 mM, enzyme activity was 6.7-fold higher than that observed in the absence of D-glucose. With 31.3 mM D-glucose, Td2F2 catalyzed transglycosylation to generate sophorose, laminaribiose, cellobiose, and gentiobiose. Transglycosylation products were detected under all activated conditions, suggesting that the activity enhancement induced by monosaccharides and sugar alcohols may be due to the transglycosylation activity of the enzyme. These results show that Td2F2 obtained from a compost microbial metagenome may be a potent candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Uchiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Japan
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33
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Konozy EHE, Causse M, Faurobert M. Cell wall glycosidase activities and protein content variations during fruit development and ripening in three texture contrasted tomato cultivars. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:277-83. [PMID: 23961187 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive softening is the main factor limiting fruit shelf life and storage. It is generally acceptable now that softening of fruit which occurs during the ripening is due to synergistic actions of several enzymes on cell wall polysaccharides. As a subject for this study, we have assayed some glycosidase activities using three tomato species (Lycopersicon esculentum) contrasted for their texture phenotypes; the cherry tomato line Cervil (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme), a common taste tomato line Levovil (S. lycopersicum Mill.) and VilB a modern line, large, firmer and with good storage capability. Four glycosidase activities namely α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-mannosidase and β-glucosidase were extracted from tomato's cell wall of the three species. Cell wall protein from fruits pericarp was extracted and compared among the three cultivars at the following stages; 14 days post anthesis (14DPA) fruit; 21 days post anthesis (21DPA), turning (breaker), red and over ripe. When glycolytic activities were also compared among these cultivars at the precited development stages, gross variations were noticed from stage to stage and also from species to species in accordance with the fruit firmness status. Interestingly, VilB cultivar, the firmer among the other two, though possessed the highest total protein content, exhibited the lowest enzymatic activities. Taken together, these results may therefore allow us to conclude that studies of glycolytic activities in a single tomato cultivar cannot be generalized to all species. On the other hand, relating fruit development to glycosidase activities should logically be coupled to these enzymes from cell wall compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin H E Konozy
- INRA, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Montfavet BP94, France
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34
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Sancheti S, Sancheti S, Lee SH, Lee JE, Seo SY. Screening of Korean Medicinal Plant Extracts for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Iran J Pharm Res 2011; 10:261-4. [PMID: 24250352 PMCID: PMC3828923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidases are the enzymes involved in various biochemical processes related to metabolic disorders and diseases. Therefore, much effort has been focused on searching novel pharmacotherapy for the treatment of these ailments from medicinal plants due to higher safety margins. To pursue these efforts, the present study was performed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of thirty Korean medicinal plant extracts. Among the plants studied, Euonymus sachalinensis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Astilbe chinensis and Juglans regia showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 10, 20, 30 and 80 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, Meliosma oldhamii and Symplocos chinensis showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 150 and 220 µg/mL, respectively. Therefore, they might prove to be a potential natural source for the treatment of metabolic ailments such as, diabetes, and need further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sancheti
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea.
| | - Sandesh Sancheti
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea.
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea.
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea.,Korean Collection of Herbal Extract, Inc., Kongju 314-701, Korea.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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35
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Abstract
Glycolipids such as ganglioside GM1 are involved in the building of carbohydrate layers on the surface of living cells. The investigation of the metabolism of this class of compounds gives insight into human diseases, novel signal transduction processes, and the epidermal water permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn (Germany), Fax: (+49) 228-73-77-78
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn (Germany), Fax: (+49) 228-73-77-78
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