1
|
Jerang M, Kumar R, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Comparative expression and localization of visfatin, chemerin, and chemerin receptor proteins in a heat-stressed mouse testis. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102374. [PMID: 38598873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The adipokines, visfatin, chemerin, and its receptor are expressed in the testis. It has also been shown that heat-stress alters the secretion and expression of other adipokines. Testicular heat-stress is now well known to cause the impairment in the testis. It has also been documented that heat-stress changes the expression of genes and proteins in the testis. To the best of our knowledge, the expression and localization of visfatin chemerin and its receptor have not been investigated in the heat-stressed testis. Therefore, the present study has investigated the expression and localization of these proteins in the heat-stressed testis. The expression of visfatin and chemerin and receptor exhibits a differential repossess against the heat stress. Visfatin expression was up-regulated while chemerin and chemerin receptor was down-regulated in the heat-stressed testis as shown by western blot analysis. The immunolocalization of visfatin and chemerin showed increased abundance in the seminiferous tubules of heat-stressed mice testis. Furthermore, abundance of visfatin, chemerin, and its receptor showed a decrease in abundance in the Leydig cells of heat-stressed testis. The decreased abundance of these proteins in the Leydig cells coincides with decreased 3β-HSD immunostaining along with decreased testosterone levels. These results suggest that heat-stress might decrease testosterone secretion by modulating visfatin and chemerin in the Leydig cells. The increased abundance of visfatin and chemerin in the primary spermatocytes, round spermatid, and multinucleated germ cells also coincides with increased immunostaining of active caspase-3. Moreover, expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, and expression of active caspase-3 and HSP70 were up-regulated along with increased oxidative stress in the heat-stressed testis, suggesting stimulated apoptosis. In conclusion, our results showed that visfatin, chemerin, and its receptor are differentially expressed in the testis under heat-stress and within the testis also it might differentially regulate testosterone biosynthesis in the Leydig cells and apoptosis in the seminiferous tubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miti Jerang
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Kumar V, Gurusubramanian G, Rathore SS, Roy VK. Morin hydrate ameliorates heat-induced testicular impairment in a mouse model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:103. [PMID: 38219219 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress is known to adversely affect testicular activity and manifest the pathogenesis of spermatogenesis. Morin hydrate is a plant-derived compound, which contains a wide range of biological activities. Thus, it is hypothesized that morin hydrate might have an ameliorative effect on heat-induced testicular impairment. There has not been any research on the impact of morin hydrate on heat-induced testicular damage. METHODS The experimental mice were divided into four groups, groups1 as the normal control group (CN), and the second which underwent heat stress (HS) by immersing the lower body for 15 min in a thermostatically controlled water bath kept at 43 °C (HS), and third and fourth heat-stressed followed by two different dosages of morin hydrate 10 mg/kg (HSM10) and 100 mg/kg (HSM100) for 14 days. RESULTS Morin hydrate treatment at 10 mg/kg improved, circulating testosterone levels (increases 3βHSD), and oxidative stress along with improvement in the testis and caput and corpus epididymis histoarchitecture, however, both doses of morin hydrate improved sperm parameters. Morin hydrate treatment significantly increases germ cell proliferation, (GCNA, BrdU staining), expression of Bcl2 and decreases expression of active caspase 3. Heat stress also decreased the expression of AR, ER- α, and ER-β, and Morin hydrate treatment increased the expression of these markers in the 10 mg/kg treatment group. CONCLUSION Morin hydrate ameliorates heat-induced testicular impairment modulating testosterone synthesis, germ cell proliferation, and oxidative stress. These effects could be manifested by regulating androgen and estrogen receptors. However, the two doses showed differential effects of some parameters, which requires further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, East Champaran, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, East Champaran, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
| | | | - Saurabh Singh Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, East Champaran, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796 004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jimoh OA, Olakanye BO, Ajewole AM, Akinbuyide SO, Adetifa JS, Jimoh AQA, Mayowa AO, Adesina FP. Potentials of Phyllanthus amarus, Viscum album and Moringa oleifera supplements to mitigate heat stress in female rabbits in humid tropics. J Anim Sci Technol 2024; 66:79-92. [PMID: 38618034 PMCID: PMC11007470 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is a key challenge subjecting animals to heat stress conditions resulting in multiple physiological alterations in tropical climate. Dietary approach seems to be the more friendly approach to curb the adverse effects of heat stress in rabbits. Some herbs have been categorized to have high potential for promotion of immune responses for amelioration of heat stress. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the potential of Mistletoe (Viscum album), Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus) leaf meal as herbal supplements for the alleviation of heat stress in female rabbits by measuring improvement in sex and stress hormonal responses in serum biochemistry. 80 Rabbit does were exposed to 4 dietary groups supplemented with each of Mistletoe, Moringa, Phyllanthus and a control in an 84-day trial at the summit of thermal stress in South west Nigeria. Growth indices were monitored throughout the study, blood samples were compiled at the end of the trial to assess serum biochemistry, stress and sex hormonal responses of the Does using standard protocols. The results revealed that final weight and weight gain of Does fed on Phyllanthus were significantly (p < 0.05) higher (11.46% and 14.25%, respectively) than Does on control. The herbal supplements enhance glucose, protein, albumin and globulin, reduced cholesterol, and creatinine of Does under heat stress conditions. Among the herbal treatment groups, mistletoe, moringa and phyllanthus had 12.42%, 18.39% and 16.90%, respectively, lower corticosterone than control groups which had 39.76ng/ml. Triiodothyronine of Does fed control were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than Does on Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus supplements. Estradiol and Follicle stimulating hormone of rabbit Does fed on moringa supplement were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments. In conclusion, the herbal supplements tend to mitigate the detrimental outcome of thermal stress on Does by suppressing stress hormones. Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus enhanced sex hormones while Phyllanthus amarus confered growth promoting effects on the Does.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Abubakar Jimoh
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | | | - Ayoola Mercy Ajewole
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | - Saanu Olajumoke Akinbuyide
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | - Johnson Sunday Adetifa
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Quadri Ayodeji Jimoh
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | - Adewale Oluwatosin Mayowa
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| | - Feyisayo Pemisire Adesina
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The
Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti 360101, Ekiti,
Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arya H, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Overexpression of GmPIF4b affects morpho-physiological traits to reduce heat-induced grain loss in soybean. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108233. [PMID: 38134737 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves associated with climate change seriously threaten crop productivity. Crop seed yield depends on the success of reproduction. However, reproductive development is most vulnerable to heat stress conditions. Perception of heat and its conversion into cellular signals is a complex process. The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor, Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4), plays a significant role in this process. However, studies on PIF4- mediated impacts on crop grain yield at a higher temperature are lacking. We investigated the overexpression of GmPIF4b in soybean to alleviate heat-induced damage and yield using a transgenic approach. Our results showed that under high-temperature conditions (38°C/28°C), overexpressing soybeans plants had higher chlorophyll a and b, and lower proline accumulation compared to WT. Further, overexpression of GmPIF4b improved pollen viability under heat stress and reduced heat-induced structural abnormalities in the male and female reproductive organs. Consequently, the transgenic plants produced higher pods and seeds per plant at high temperatures. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the overexpressing GmPIF4b soybeans had higher transcripts of heat shock factor, GmHSF-34, and heat-shock protein, GmHSP90A2. Collectively, our results suggest that GmPIF4b regulates multiple morpho-physiological traits for better yield under warmer climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Arya
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Juneja S, Saini R, Mukit A, Kumar S. Drought priming modulates ABF, GRFs, related microRNAs and induce metabolic adjustment during heat stress in chickpea. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 203:108007. [PMID: 37714028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought and high temperature stress may occur concomitantly or individually in succession causing cellular dysfunctions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key stress regulator, and its responsive genes are controlled by ABRE (Abscisic acid Responsive Element)-binding factors (ABFs)and G-Box Regulatory factors (GRFs). Here, we identify ABFs, GRFs and targeting miRNAs in desi and kabuli chickpea. To validate their role after drought priming and subsequent high temperature stress, two contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) were primed and exposed to 32 °C, 35 °C and 38 °C for 12, 6 and 2 h respectively and analyzed for Physio-biochemical, expression of ABFs, GRFs and MiRNAs, and GC-MS based metabolite analysis. To ascertain the ABF-GRF protein-protein interactions, docking studies were carried out between the ABF3 and GRF14. Genome-wide analysis identified total 9 & 11 ABFs, and 11 GRFsin desi and kabuli respectively. Their gene structure, and motif composition were conserved in all subfamilies and only 10 and 12 genes have undergone duplication in both desi and kabuli chickpea respectively. These genes were differentially expressed in-silico. MiR172 and miR396 were identified to target ABFs and GRFs respectively. Protein-protein interaction (ABF3 and GRF14) might be successful only when the ABF3 was phosphorylated. Drought priming downregulated miR172 and miR396 and eventually upregulated targeting ABFs, and GRFs. Metabolite profiling (GC-MS) revealed the accumulation of 87 metabolites in Primed (P) and Non-Primed (NP) Chickpea plants. Tolerant cultivar (PBG5) responded better in all respects however both severity of stress and exposure are important factors and can produce broadly similar cellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Juneja
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Abdul Mukit
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guihur A, Bourgine B, Rebeaud ME, Goloubinoff P. Design of an Arabidopsis thaliana reporter line to detect heat-sensing and signaling mutants. Plant Methods 2023; 19:56. [PMID: 37291595 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming is a major challenge for plant survival and growth. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which higher plants sense and adapt to upsurges in the ambient temperature is essential for developing strategies to enhance plant tolerance to heat stress. Here, we designed a heat-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana reporter line that allows an in-depth investigation of the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of protective heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to high temperature. METHODS A transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana reporter line named "Heat-Inducible Bioluminescence And Toxicity" (HIBAT) was designed to express from a conditional heat-inducible promoter, a fusion gene encoding for nanoluciferase and D-amino acid oxidase, whose expression is toxic in the presence of D-valine. HIBAT seedlings were exposed to different heat treatments in presence or absence of D-valine and analyzed for survival rate, bioluminescence and HSP gene expression. RESULTS Whereas at 22 °C, HIBAT seedlings grew unaffected by D-valine, and all survived iterative heat treatments without D-valine, 98% died following heat treatments on D-valine. The HSP17.3B promoter was highly specific to heat as it remained unresponsive to various plant hormones, Flagellin, H2O2, osmotic stress and high salt. RNAseq analysis of heat-treated HIBAT seedlings showed a strong correlation with expression profiles of two wild type lines, confirming that HIBAT does not significantly differ from its Col-0 parent. Using HIBAT, a forward genetic screen revealed candidate loss-of-function mutants, apparently defective either at accumulating HSPs at high temperature or at repressing HSP accumulation at non-heat-shock temperatures. CONCLUSION HIBAT is a valuable candidate tool to identify Arabidopsis mutants defective in the response to high temperature stress. It opens new avenues for future research on the regulation of HSP expression and for understanding the mechanisms of plant acquired thermotolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Guihur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Baptiste Bourgine
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu E Rebeaud
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castillo-Salas CA, Luna-Nevárez G, Reyna-Granados JR, Luna-Ramirez RI, Limesand SW, Luna-Nevárez P. Molecular markers for thermo-tolerance are associated with reproductive and physiological traits in Pelibuey ewes raised in a semiarid environment. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103475. [PMID: 36796920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pelibuey sheep exhibit reproductive activity through the year, but warm weather lowers their fertility and demonstrates physiological limitations of environmental heat stress. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with heat stress tolerance in sheep have been reported previously. The objective was to validate the association of seven thermo-tolerance SNP markers with reproductive and physiological traits in Pelibuey ewes raised in a semiarid region. Pelibuey ewes were assigned to a cool (January 1st.- March 31st.; n = 101) or warm (April 1st.- August 31st.; n = 104) experimental group. All ewes were exposed to fertile rams and assessed for pregnancy diagnosis 90 days later; lambing day was reported at birth. These data served to calculate the reproductive traits of services per conception, prolificacy, days to estrus, days to conception, conception rate and lambing rate. Rectal temperature, rump/leg skin temperature and respiratory rate were measured and reported as physiological traits. Blood samples were collected and processed to extract DNA, which was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination method and qPCR. A mixed effects statistical model was used to validate associations between SNP genotypes and phenotypic traits. The SNPs rs421873172, rs417581105 and rs407804467 were confirmed as markers associated with reproductive and physiological traits (P < 0.05), and these SNPs were in the genes PAM, STAT1 and FBXO11, respectively. Interestingly, these SNP markers resulted as predictors for the evaluated traits but only in ewes from the warm group, which indicated their association with heat-stress tolerance. An additive SNP effect was confirmed with the highest contribution (P < 0.01) of the SNP rs417581105 for the evaluated traits. Reproductive performance improved (P < 0.05) and physiological parameters decreased in ewes carrying favorable SNP genotypes. In conclusion, three thermo-tolerance SNP markers were associated with improved reproductive and physiological traits in a prospective population of heat-stressed ewes raised in a semiarid environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candelario A Castillo-Salas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, México
| | - Guillermo Luna-Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, México
| | - Javier R Reyna-Granados
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, México
| | - Rosa I Luna-Ramirez
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Pablo Luna-Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, México.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sabrin S, Zech WC, Nazari R, Karimi M. Understanding occupational heat exposure in the United States and proposing a quantifying stress index. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1983-2000. [PMID: 34036432 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Millions of workers exposed to the outdoor environment are extremely susceptible to extreme heat. Although several articles analyzed heat-related illnesses, injuries, fatalities at the country level, few investigated regional and state statistics especially for OSHA Region 4 and the state of Alabama, U.S, which we explored in this study. METHODS We studied the number of heat-days over 90 °F (32.2 °C) heat-index within our study area, analyzed heat-related injury and illnesses to calculate their incidence rate during 2015 to 2019, observed the nature of such incidents, their monthly occurrence, and incidence trend over average air temperature. We conducted a comparative analysis of heat-related fatalities between construction and all industries. The existing heat regulations by OSHA and some state agencies have also been summarized. RESULTS We observed the highest mean, maximum heat-days and injury-illness rate in the south and southeast part of Region 4; increase in incidence rate from 0.03 in 2017 to 0.28 per 10,000 employees in 2018 for the contiguous U.S; highest injury-illness rate (HIR) in OSHA Region 1, 4 and 6; highest HIR in Lee, Montgomery, Mobile and Madison counties of Alabama; 34.7% (construction) and 31.3% (all industries) of all cases experiencing nonclassifiable heat-light effects; high fatalities in construction industry with a trend of 1 death/5 years; increased mortality in all occupations with 1 death/2.4 years. We also proposed a Heat-Stress Index (HSI) as a routine heat-stress measure on jobsite. CONCLUSION The findings from this research and the proposed index can help in understanding heat-related risk at a regional level and implementing workplace interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samain Sabrin
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hoehn Engineering Building, Room Number 140, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, 35294-4440, AL, USA.
| | - Wesley C Zech
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hoehn Engineering Building, Room Number 140, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, 35294-4440, AL, USA
| | - Rouzbeh Nazari
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hoehn Engineering Building, Room Number 140, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, 35294-4440, AL, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Ryals Public Health Building (RPHB), 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, 35294-0022, AL, USA
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hoehn Engineering Building, Room Number 140, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, 35294-4440, AL, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Ryals Public Health Building (RPHB), 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, 35294-0022, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morabito M, Messeri A, Crisci A, Pratali L, Bonafede M, Marinaccio A. Heat warning and public and workers' health at the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:140347. [PMID: 32570084 PMCID: PMC7301811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The humanity is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic challenge, the largest global health emergency after the Second World War. During summer months, many countries in the northern hemisphere will also have to counteract an imminent seasonal phenomenon, the management of extreme heat events. The novelty this year concerns that the world population will have to deal with a new situation that foresees the application of specific measures, including adjunctive personal protective equipment (i.e. facemasks and gloves), in order to reduce the potential transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These measures should help to decrease the risk of the infection transmission but will also represent an aggravating factor to counteract the heat effects on the population health both at occupational and environmental level. The use of a specific heat health warning system with personalized information based on individual, behavioural and environmental characteristics represents a necessary strategy to help a fast adaptation of the population at a time where the priority is to live avoiding SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morabito
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Florence, Italy; Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Messeri
- Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfonso Crisci
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pratali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim CH, Kim EJ, Seo C, Park CJ, Nam YK. Transcriptome expression profiles between diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) juveniles in response to acute heat-stress and hypoxia treatments. Mar Genomics 2020; 57:100820. [PMID: 33867117 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing interest for the use of triploids in abalone aquaculture, it is crucial to understand their physiological responses to environmental stress, particularly such as heat-stress and hypoxia, which are significant factors that cause adverse effects on the efficiency and capacity of farming practice in abalone production. However, nothing is known about gene expression of triploid abalone to modulate physiological responses under different environmental stresses. Transcriptomic response to the acute heat-stress and hypoxia were explored in hepatopancreas of diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) juveniles. A total of 316 million clean reads were de novo assembled into 271,039 contigs, of which a transcriptome with 209,974 non-redundant transcripts was produced. Using generalized fold change (GFOLD) algorithm with a cut-off │GFOLD value│ > 4, we identified differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) from diploid and triploid abalone in responses to acute heat-stress and hypoxia treatments, respectively. Comparative analysis of the identified DETs revealed alteration of transcript expression profile, level, and process in triploid abalone compared to their diploid siblings. Thus, our study will provide not only comprehensive insight into understanding of the transcriptional regulation to environmental stresses in triploid abalone but a framework for efficient management of triploid abalone aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Chaehwa Seo
- Bioinformatics Team, DNA Link Inc., 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chauhan NR, Kumar R, Gupta A, Meena RC, Nanda S, Mishra KP, Singh SB. Heat stress induced oxidative damage and perturbation in BDNF/ERK1/2/CREB axis in hippocampus impairs spatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112895. [PMID: 32890597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat exposure is an environmental stress that causes diverse heat related pathophysiological changes under extreme conditions. The brain including hippocampal region which is associated with learning and memory is significantly affected by heat stress resulting in memory impairment. However, the effect of heat on the spatial memory remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effect of heat stress on hippocampus and spatial memory in rats. Rat model of acute heat stress was used which was divided into two groups, viz. moderate heat stress (MHS) and severe heat stress (SHS). Redox parameters evaluation revealed that MHS and SHS exposure markedly increase the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), reactive oxidative species (ROS), protein oxidation level and decrease the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the hippocampal tissue. Furthermore, Cresyl Violet (CV) staining of hippocampal region showed higher pyknosis in rats exposed to SHS. Pronounced increase of caspase3 expression and Fluoro Jade-C (FJ-C) positive cells were observed in SHS resulting in neuronal injury and apoptosis in CA3 region of hippocampus culminating in spatial memory deficit. Our data also suggest that heat stress induces phospho Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK)1/2 activation induced by Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) leading to further activation of phospho cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) under MHS. However, during SHS, BDNF and pCREB expression were completely dysregulated and not sufficient to rescue cognitive decline in rats. In conclusion, SHS induces pathological alterations that include oxidative damage and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, disturbing BDNF/ERK1/2/CREB axis that may affect spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Avinash Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Meena
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sarita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kamla Prasad Mishra
- Scientist E, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), DRDO Bhawan, Rajaji Marg, Delhi 110011, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Distinguished Scientist and Director General (Life Sciences), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), DRDO Bhawan, Rajaji Marg, Delhi 110011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jänicke B, Kim KR, Cho C. A simple high-resolution heat-stress forecast for Seoul, Korea: coupling climate information with an operational numerical weather prediction model. Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64:1197-1205. [PMID: 32166440 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To provide a simple high-resolution heat-stress forecast for Seoul, Korea, we coupled a high-resolution climate simulation (25 m grid spacing) for an average heat day with the operational forecasting model (5 km grid spacing). Thereby, we accounted for the meso-scale weather conditions and local-scale air temperature induced by land cover and the urban heat island effect. Moreover, we estimated the impacts of heat events using heat-related mortality rate. Applying the simple high-resolution heat-stress forecast for July and August 2016, we detected a substantial spatial variability in maximum air temperature and heat-related mortality rate in Seoul. The evaluation of simulated maximum air temperature compared to observations revealed a small deviation (MB = 0.11 K, RMSD = 1.40 K). Despite the limitation of using average conditions, it was an efficient way to identify particularly affected areas, neighbourhoods, and districts for releasing more location-specific heat-stress warnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Jänicke
- Applied Meteorological Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, 33, Seohobuk-ro, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, 63568, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Rang Kim
- Applied Meteorological Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, 33, Seohobuk-ro, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, 63568, Republic of Korea
| | - Changbum Cho
- Applied Meteorological Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, 33, Seohobuk-ro, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, 63568, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Picart-Picolo A, Picart C, Picault N, Pontvianne F. Nucleolus-associated chromatin domains are maintained under heat stress, despite nucleolar reorganization in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 2020; 133:463-470. [PMID: 32372397 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Several layers of mechanisms participate in plant adaptation to heat-stress. For example, the plant metabolism switches from cell growth mode to stress adaptation mode. Ribosome biogenesis is one of the most energy costly pathways. That biogenesis process occurs in the nucleolus, the largest nuclear compartment, whose structure is highly dependent on this pathway. We used a nucleolar marker to track the structure of the nucleolus, and revealed a change in its sub-nucleolar distribution under heat stress. In addition, the nucleolus is implicated in other cellular processes, such as genome organization within the nucleus. However, our analyses of nucleolus-associated chromatin domains under heat stress did not reveal significant differences compared to the control plants, suggesting a lack of connection between two of the main functions of the nucleolus: ribosome biogenesis and nuclear organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Picart-Picolo
- CNRS, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
- UPVD, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- CNRS, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
- UPVD, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Picault
- CNRS, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
- UPVD, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Frederic Pontvianne
- CNRS, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.
- UPVD, LGDP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh I, Debnath S, Gautam A, Yadava P. Characterization of contrasting genotypes reveals general physiological and molecular mechanisms of heat-stress adaptation in maize ( Zea mays L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:921-929. [PMID: 32377042 PMCID: PMC7196591 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to dissect the adaptation response of maize to heat-stress, we characterized and juxtaposed different physio-biochemical parameters for two contrasting genotypes, namely DTPYC9F119 (heat-stress tolerant) and K64R (heat-stress susceptible) under 6 days heat treatment (38/28 °C). Chlorophyll a and b content was found to be reduced under high temperature in both the genotypes, but, it was reduced more prominently in the susceptible genotype (K64R). Net photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced under high temperature in K64R but this reduction was relatively lower in case of DTPYC9F119. Stomatal conductance was increased under stress treatment in both the genotypes but the rate of increase was lower in tolerant one (DTPYC9F119). Activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and their gene expression was increased in both the genotypes under heat-stress condition. Thus, the heat-stress tolerant genotype has evolved some strategies like modulation of anti-oxidant gene expression, lower transpiration rate, lower increase of internal CO2 concentration which could make sustain a basic level of photosynthesis even under high temperature stress, etc. that may contribute to its tolerance trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Suprokash Debnath
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Anuradha Gautam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dell'Aglio E, Dalvit I, Loubéry S, Fitzpatrick TB. Clarification of the dispensability of PDX1.2 for Arabidopsis viability using CRISPR/Cas9. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:464. [PMID: 31684863 PMCID: PMC6829848 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDX1.2 has recently been shown to be a regulator of vitamin B6 biosynthesis in plants and is implicated in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. PDX1.2 expression is strongly and rapidly induced by heat stress. Interestingly, PDX1.2 is restricted to eudicota, wherein it behaves as a non-catalytic pseudoenzyme and is suggested to provide an adaptive advantage to this clade. A first report on an Arabidopsis insertion mutant claims that PDX1.2 is indispensable for viability, being essential for embryogenesis. However, a later study using an independent insertion allele suggests that knockout mutants of pdx1.2 are viable. Therefore, the essentiality of PDX1.2 for Arabidopsis viability is a matter of debate. Given the important implications of PDX1.2 in stress responses, it is imperative to clarify if it is essential for plant viability. RESULTS We have studied the previously reported insertion alleles of PDX1.2, one of which is claimed to be essential for embryogenesis (pdx1.2-1), whereas the other is viable (pdx1.2-2). Our study shows that pdx1.2-1 carries multiple T-DNA insertions, but the T-DNA insertion in PDX1.2 is not responsible for the loss of embryogenesis. By contrast, the pdx1.2-2 allele is an overexpressor of PDX1.2 under standard growth conditions and not a null allele as previously reported. Nonetheless, upregulation of PDX1.2 expression under heat stress is impaired in this mutant line. In wild type Arabidopsis, studies of PDX1.2-YFP fusion proteins show that the protein is enhanced under heat stress conditions. To clarify if PDX1.2 is essential for Arabidopsis viability, we generated several independent mutant lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. All of these lines are viable and behave similar to wild type under standard growth conditions. Reciprocal crosses of a subset of the CRISPR lines with pdx1.2-1 recovers viability of the latter line and demonstrates that knocking out the functionality of PDX1.2 does not impair embryogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Gene editing reveals that PDX1.2 is dispensable for Arabidopsis viability and resolves conflicting reports in the literature on its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell'Aglio
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Present Address: Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ivan Dalvit
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Llamas Luceño N, de Souza Ramos Angrimani D, de Cássia Bicudo L, Szymańska KJ, Van Poucke M, Demeyere K, Meyer E, Peelman L, Mullaart E, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Van Soom A. Exposing dairy bulls to high temperature-humidity index during spermatogenesis compromises subsequent embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 141:16-25. [PMID: 31494458 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible impact of natural heat stress on animal fertility is currently a major concern for breeding companies. Here, we aimed to address this concern by determining the effects of natural heat stress on the fertility of Holstein bulls located in the Netherlands. Semen samples were collected from six bulls at two locations in March 2016 (low temperature-humidity index (THI) group; maximum THI of 51.8 and 55 at their respective locations) or August (high THI group; maximum THI of 77.9 and 80.5 during meiotic and spermiogenic stages of spermatogenesis, 42 to 14 days prior to semen collection). The effect of heat stress on semen quality was assessed by sperm morphology, motility, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, viability, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, we evaluated the development of embryos generated in vitro by low and high THI semen, and determined inner cell mass/trophectoderm ratio, apoptotic cell ratio, and embryonic gene expression in day-8 blastocysts. An increase in cell death (propidium iodide-positive cells; P = 0.039) was observed in the high THI group (31.5%) compared to the low THI group (27.6%). Moreover, a decrease (P < 0.001) was observed in the total blastocyst rates at day 7 post-insemination (15.3 vs 20.9%) and day 8 (23.2 vs 29.6%) in the high THI compared to the low THI group, respectively. There were no differences in the relative abundance of candidate transcripts examined. In conclusion, sperm samples from dairy bulls obtained during a period with higher THI had reduced viability and led to a decrease in blastocyst development and delayed hatching, compared to semen collected during a period with low THI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Llamas Luceño
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Cássia Bicudo
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katarzyna J Szymańska
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Papanastasiou DK, Bartzanas T, Panagakis P, Zhang G, Kittas C. Study of heat-stress levels in naturally ventilated sheep barns during heat waves: development and assessment of regression models. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1637-1644. [PMID: 26995782 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that heat-stress burdens sheep welfare and productivity. Peak heat-stress levels are observed when high temperatures prevail, i.e. during heat waves; however, continuous measurements inside livestock buildings are not usually available for long periods so as to study the variation of summer heat-stress levels for several years, especially during extreme hot weather. Α methodology to develop a long time series of summer temperature and relative humidity inside naturally ventilated sheep barns is proposed. The accuracy and the transferability of the developed linear regression models were verified. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was used to assess sheep's potential heat-stress. Τhe variation of THI inside a barn during heat wave and non-heat wave days was examined, and the results were comparatively assessed. The analysis showed that sheep were exposed to moderate, severe, and extreme severe heat-stress in 10, 21 and 66 % of hours, respectively, during heat wave days, while the corresponding values during non-heat wave days were 14, 33 and 43 %, respectively. The heat load on sheep was much higher during heat wave events than during non-heat wave periods. Additionally, based on the averaged diurnal variation of THI, it was concluded that extreme severe heat-stress conditions were prevailing between 1000 and 2400 hours local time during heat wave days. Cool off night periods were never and extremely rarely detected during heat wave and non-heat wave days, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Papanastasiou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Dimitriados St 95 & Pavlou Mela St, 3rd floor, PC 38333, Volos, Greece.
| | - T Bartzanas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Dimitriados St 95 & Pavlou Mela St, 3rd floor, PC 38333, Volos, Greece
| | - P Panagakis
- Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, PC 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Engineering, Faculty Sciences and Technology, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - C Kittas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Constructions and Environmental Control, Department of Agricultural Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., PC 38446, N. Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flaishman MA, Peles Y, Dahan Y, Milo-Cochavi S, Frieman A, Naor A. Differential response of cell-cycle and cell-expansion regulators to heat stress in apple (Malus domestica) fruitlets. Plant Sci 2015; 233:82-94. [PMID: 25711816 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most significant factors affecting physiological and biochemical aspects of fruit development. Current and progressing global warming is expected to change climate in the traditional deciduous fruit tree cultivation regions. In this study, 'Golden Delicious' trees, grown in a controlled environment or commercial orchard, were exposed to different periods of heat treatment. Early fruitlet development was documented by evaluating cell number, cell size and fruit diameter for 5-70 days after full bloom. Normal activities of molecular developmental and growth processes in apple fruitlets were disrupted under daytime air temperatures of 29°C and higher as a result of significant temporary declines in cell-production and cell-expansion rates, respectively. Expression screening of selected cell cycle and cell expansion genes revealed the influence of high temperature on genetic regulation of apple fruitlet development. Several core cell-cycle and cell-expansion genes were differentially expressed under high temperatures. While expression levels of B-type cyclin-dependent kinases and A- and B-type cyclins declined moderately in response to elevated temperatures, expression of several cell-cycle inhibitors, such as Mdwee1, Mdrbr and Mdkrps was sharply enhanced as the temperature rose, blocking the cell-cycle cascade at the G1/S and G2/M transition points. Moreover, expression of several expansin genes was associated with high temperatures, making them potentially useful as molecular platforms to enhance cell-expansion processes under high-temperature regimes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance associated with genes controlling cell cycle and cell expansion may lead to the development of novel strategies for improving apple fruit productivity under global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe A Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Yuval Peles
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Yardena Dahan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Shira Milo-Cochavi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Aviad Frieman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Amos Naor
- The Golan Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O. Box 97, Kazrin 12900, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heckathorn SA, Poeller GJ, Coleman JS, Hallberg RL. Nitrogen availability alters patterns of accumulation of heat stress-induced proteins in plants. Oecologia 1996; 105:413-8. [PMID: 28307115 DOI: 10.1007/BF00328745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/1995] [Accepted: 09/12/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play a vital role in enhancing survival at high temperature. There is, however, considerable variation in patterns of HSP production among species, and even among and within individuals of a species. It is not known why this variation exists and to what extent variation in HSPs among organisms might be related to differences in thermotolerance. One possibility is that production of HSPs confers costs and natural selection has worked towards optimizing the cost-to-benefits of HSP synthesis and accumulation. However, the costs of this production have not been determined. If HSP production confers significant nitrogen (N) costs, then we reasoned that plants grown under low-N conditions might accumulate less HSP than high-N plants. Furthermore, if HSPs are related to thermotolerance, then variation in HSPs induced by N (or other factors) might correlate with variation in thermotolerance, here measured as short-term effects of heat stress on net CO2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) function. To test these predictions, we grew individuals of a single variety of corn (Zea mays L.) under different N levels and then exposed the plants to acute heat stress. We found that: (1) high-N plants produced greater amounts of mitochondrial Hsp60 and chloroplastic Hsp24 per unit protein than their low-N counterparts; and (2) patterns of HSP production were related to PSII efficiency, as measured by F v/F m. Thus, our results indicate that N availability influences HSP production in higher plants suggesting that HSP production might be resource-limited, and that among other benefits, chloroplast HSPs (e.g., Hsp24) may in some way limit damage to PSII function during heat stress.
Collapse
|