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Charron G, Yergeau J, Van der Heyden H, Bilodeau G, Beaulieu C, Tanguay P. Survey of Phytophthora diversity reveals P. abietivora as a potential Phytophthora root rot pathogen in Québec Christmas tree plantations. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 38127638 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-23-2670-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Christmas trees are an economically and culturally important ornamental plant in North America. Many microorganisms are pathogens of firs cultivated as Christmas trees. Among those, Phytophthora causes millions of dollars in damage to plantations annually. In Canada, it is unknown which species are responsible for Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of cultivated Abies species. Between 2019 and 2021, soil and root samples were collected from 40 Christmas tree plantations in Québec province. We used soil baiting and direct isolation from unidentified root fragments to assess the diversity of culturable Phytophthora spp. The obtained isolates were identified using a multi-locus sequencing and phylogenetic approach. A total of 44 isolates were identified, including eight P. chlamydospora, eight P. abietivora, seven P. gonapodyides, three P. gregata, six P. megasperma, and two P. kelmanii isolates, plus 10 isolates belonging to a previously unknown taxon that is phylogenetically close to P. chlamydospora and P. gonapodyides. Among the known species, P. abietivora was the most prevalent isolated species associated with trees showing aboveground PRR-like symptoms. Pathogenicity trials confirmed the pathogenicity potential of P. abietivora on both Fraser fir and balsam fir seedlings. Our study provides a first snapshot of the Phytophthora diversity in Québec's Christmas tree productions and describe multiple potential first associations between Phytophthora species and Abies balsamea and A. fraseri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Charron
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, 98661, 1055 rue du PEPS, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 4C7;
| | - Julie Yergeau
- Université de Sherbrooke, 7321, Departement de Biologie, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1K 2R1;
| | - Hervé Van der Heyden
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6337, CRD St-Jean-Sur Richelieu, 430 Gouin Blvd, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada, J3B 8J3
- McGill University, Plant Science, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9;
| | - Guillaume Bilodeau
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, PO Box 11300, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K2H 8P9;
| | - Carole Beaulieu
- University of Sherbrooke, Biology, 2500 boul. de l'université, Département de biologie, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1K2R1
- Université de Sherbrooke;
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada , 1055 du PEPS, P. O. box 10380 stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 4C7;
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Jaramillo-Riofrío A, Decock C, Suárez JP, Benítez Á, Castillo G, Cruz D. Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Some Resupinate Fungi, Reveal Gloeocystidiellum lojanense sp. nov. (Russulales) against E. coli from Ecuador. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9. [PMID: 36675874 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious public health problem that needs new antibacterial compounds for control. Fungi, including resupinated fungi, are a potential source to discover new bioactive compounds efficient again to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The inhibitory capacity against the bacterial species was statistically evaluated. All the species (basidiomata and strains) were molecularly characterized with the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 barcoding marker. The strains Ceraceomyces sp., Fuscoporia sp., Gloeocystidiellum sp., Oliveonia sp., Phanerochaete sp., and Xenasmatella sp. correspond to resupinate Basidiomycetes, and only the strain Hypocrea sp. is an Ascomycete, suggesting contamination to the basidiome of Tulasnella sp. According to the antagonistic test, only the Gloeocystidiellum sp. strain had antibacterial activity against the bacterial species Escherichia coli of clinical interest. Statistically, Gloeocystidiellum sp. was significantly (<0.001) active against two E. coli pathotypes (O157:H7 and ATCC 25922). Contrarily, the antibacterial activity of fungi against other pathotypes of E. coli and other strains such as Serratia sp. was not significant. The antibacterial activity between 48 and 72 h increased according to the measurement of the inhibition halos. Because of this antibacterial activity, Gloeocystidiellum sp. was taxonomically studied in deep combined morphological and molecular characterization (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; partial LSU D1/D2 of nrDNA). A new species Gloeocystidiellum lojanense, a resupinate and corticioid fungus from a tropical montane rainforest of southern Ecuador, with antibacterial potential against E. coli, is proposed to the science.
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Ma M, Li Y, Maurer-Alcalá XX, Wang Y, Yan Y. Deciphering phylogenetic relationships in class Karyorelictea (Protista, Ciliophora) based on updated multi-gene information with establishment of a new order Wilbertomorphida n. ord. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107406. [PMID: 35031457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The class Karyorelictea, a unique assemblage of ciliates, is a key group in deciphering ciliate evolution history. However, the systematic relationships among members of this class remain poorly understood. Here we newly obtained eight small subunit (SSU) rDNA, 24 large subunit (LSU) rDNA, and 25 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences (covering 25 species, 10 genera and 4 out of 6 families) to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within Karyorelictea. Our results indicate that: (1) considering its unique morphology and early branching position in the SSU rDNA-based tree, the family Wilbertomorphidae represents a new taxon at order level, hence the new order Wilbertomorphida n. ord. is established; (2) all five families with available molecular information are monophyletic, as expected, and the orders Loxodida and Protostomatida show a closer relationship than with Protoheterotrichida; (3) in Trachelocercidae, the compound circumoral kineties is believed to be a plesiomorphic feature while the single circumoral kinety is synapomorphic; and (4) the freshwater genus Loxodes could be derived from the marine Remanella and both share most morphological features. Taken together, these muti-gene analyses provide further insights into the phylogeny of the diverse clades in Karyorelictea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Ma
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xyrus X Maurer-Alcalá
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yurui Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ying Yan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Verma C, Chaudhary A, Sharma B, Singh HS. First Report of Molecular Characterization of Oochoristica hemidactyli Johri, 1955 (Cestoda, Linstowiidae) from the Common Wall Lizard, Hemidactylus brooki Gray, 1845 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Along with Morphological Redescription. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:250-5. [PMID: 31571141 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During an investigation, a rare cestode species belonging to the genus, Oochoristica were found in Meerut, UP, India, from the intestine of the host, Hemidactylus brookii Gray, 1845 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). The tapeworms were found to be similar in their morphological characters with Oochoristica hemidactyli Johri, 1955 (Cestoda: Linstowiidae). MATERIALS AND METHODS The host Hemidactylus brookii used in this analysis was caught from May to July 2018 from Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut (UP), India. Parasites were examined by microscopy. 18S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal RNA were sequenced and analyzed for the molecular study. RESULTS This paper provides the first trustworthy confirmation about the occurrence of O. hemidactyli inferred with molecular data using ribosomal 18S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gene cluster DNA sequences. Molecular analysis shows that the studied specimens were clustered separately and did not show a close relationship with any other cestode spp., represented in the GenBank. CONCLUSION This is the foremost molecular characterization of any species of Oochoristica and of O. hemidactyli after 64 years of its original description that contributing to the systematic analysis of the helminthological biodiversity of reptilian hosts. These results provide a reference for future molecular study of species of Oochoristica.
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Zhan Z, Li J, Xu K. Ciliate Environmental Diversity Can Be Underestimated by the V4 Region of SSU rDNA: Insights from Species Delimitation and Multilocus Phylogeny of Pseudokeronopsis (Protist, Ciliophora). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110493. [PMID: 31717798 PMCID: PMC6920991 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods have greatly improved our understanding of protist diversity. Although the V4 region of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-V4 rDNA) is the most widely used marker in DNA metabarcoding of eukaryotic microorganisms, doubts have recently been raised about its suitability. Here, using the widely distributed ciliate genus Pseudokeronopsis as an example, we assessed the potential of SSU-V4 rDNA and four other nuclear and mitochondrial markers for species delimitation and phylogenetic reconstruction. Our studies revealed that SSU-V4 rDNA is too conservative to distinguish species, and a threshold of 97% and 99% sequence similarity detected only one and three OTUs, respectively, from seven species. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the present and previously published data, we proposed the multilocus marker including the nuclear 5.8S rDNA combining the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the hypervariable D2 region of large subunit rDNA (LSU-D2) as an ideal barcode rather than the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 as a candidate metabarcoding marker for ciliates. Furthermore, the compensating base change and tree-based criteria of ITS2 and LSU-D2 were useful in complementing the DNA barcoding and metabarcoding methods by giving second structure and phylogenetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ju Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Lazarova SS, Elshishka M, Radoslavov G, Lozanova L, Hristov P, Mladenov A, Zheng J, Fanelli E, Francesca De Luca, Peneva VK. Molecular and morphological characterisation of Longidoruspolyae sp. n. and L.pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 (Dorylaimida, Longidoridae) from Bulgaria. Zookeys 2019; 830:75-98. [PMID: 30918443 PMCID: PMC6428786 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.830.32188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Longidoruspolyaesp. n., a bisexual nematode species found in the rhizosphere of pear tree (Pyruscommunis L.), is described and characterised using an integrative approach. The new species has a female body length of 6.8–9.1 mm; a comparatively long odontostyle (114.0–127.5 μm); a narrow lip region (14.0–15.5 μm), anteriorly flattened and almost continuous with the body profile; pocket-like amphidial pouches long, deeply bilobed, and slightly asymmetrical, a guide ring at 37–42 μm from the anterior end; normal arrangement of pharyngeal glands; and a short bluntly rounded to hemispherical tail. Four juvenile stages identified: the first stage with a digitate tail, and the second and subsequent stages with a bluntly rounded tail. Males have one adcloacal pair and a row of 10 or 11 single ventromedian supplements; spicules 71.0–74.5 μm long. Based on morphometric data, the new species belongs to a group of species spread over Europe (L.arthensis, L.silvae, L.uroshis,), Iran (L.kheirii), and Syria (L.pauli), which share common characters such as amphidial fovea, lip region and tail shapes, similar odontostyle and body length, and similar first-stage juvenile tail shape. Codes for identifying the new species are A5, B2, C34, D3, E3, F45, G12, H1, I2, J1, K7. The phylogenetic analysis based on D2-D3 expansion domains of the rRNA gene revealed that the new species has the closest relationships with L.athesinus from Italy and three unidentified Longidorus spp. from USA (Longidorus sp. 1, Longidorus sp. 2, and Longidorus sp. 6). New morphometric and molecular data (18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions and D2-D3 28S rRNA gene sequences) for three populations of L.pisi from Bulgaria were obtained and variations between populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela S Lazarova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Milka Elshishka
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Radoslavov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Lydmila Lozanova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Peter Hristov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Mladenov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Jingwu Zheng
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Elena Fanelli
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bari, Italy Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Bari Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bari, Italy Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Bari Italy
| | - Vlada K Peneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Gao X, Wei J, Hong L, Fan S, Hu G, Jia J. Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Antitumor Activity in Essential Oils from Siegesbeckiaorientalis, S. glabrescens and S. pubescens with an ITS Sequence Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092185. [PMID: 30200186 PMCID: PMC6225276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS), derived from the aerial parts of three plants, Siegesbeckia orientalis (SO), S. glabrescens (SG), and S. pubescens (SP), has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China for centuries. In the present study, hydrodistillation was applied to extract essential oils from dried SO, SG, and SP aerial parts, and chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GC-MS) led to the identification of a total of 148 compounds (56 in SO, 62 in SG, and 59 in SP). The main components in the essential oils of SO, SG, and SP differed significantly. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity assays showed that SP essential oils (IC50, 0.97 μg/mL) significantly reduced the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages to release NO, and the SO essential oil (IC50, 14.99 μg/mL) was better than the others at inhibiting the LPS-induced release of cytokine IL-6. Furthermore, the essential oils exhibited antitumor activities (IC50, 37.72⁻123.16 μg/mL) against Hep3B (liver) and Hela (cervical) cells. Linear regression analysis showed that, caryophyllene oxide peak area percentages showed remarkably high negative correlation coefficients with IC50 values of Hep3B and Hela cytotoxicity, which suggested the contribution of this compound on the cancer cell cytotoxicity of three essential oils. Finally, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was amplified and sequenced in order to generate genomic reference sequences for each plant. These can be used to identify the origins of the plants, and will assist other research studies related to these three plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiangchun Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Lina Hong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Sanpeng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Szilagyi-Zecchin VJ, Adamoski D, Gomes RR, Hungria M, Ikeda AC, Kava-Cordeiro V, Glienke C, Galli-Terasawa LV. Composition of endophytic fungal community associated with leaves of maize cultivated in south Brazilian field. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2016; 63:449-466. [PMID: 27936873 DOI: 10.1556/030.63.2016.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct a survey about fungi associated with leaves from two different maize plant lineages and to analyze their microbiota diversity. Isolated fungi were identified by morphological analysis and molecular taxonomy was performed using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. About 27 fungi morphotypes were obtained, 15 of them were from the first maize lineage. About 86.7% of the individuals belonged to the Dothideomycetes class (Phoma sorghina, Epicocum nigrum, Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris zeicola, and Alternaria alternata complex) and 13.3% to the Sordariomycetes class (Diaporthe/Phomopsis sp. and Nigrospora sp.). This ratio was opposite in the other maize lineage with 25.0% of Dothideomycetes (E. nigrum and Pleosporales) and 75.0% of Sordariomycetes (Gibberella fujikuroi complex, Fusarium graminearum complex, Diaporthe/Phomopsis sp., and Nigrospora sp.). By concerning the analyses of morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, this study intended to identify the groups of saprophytic, phytopathogenic, and mycotoxin fungi, which differently co-inhabit leaf tissue of maize plants in both tested lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- 2 Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angela C Ikeda
- 2 Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Chirlei Glienke
- 2 Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Brazil
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David H, Laza-Martínez A, García-Etxebarria K, Riobó P, Orive E. Characterization of Prorocentrum elegans and Prorocentrum levis (Dinophyceae) from the southeastern Bay of Biscay by morphology and molecular phylogeny. J Phycol 2014; 50:718-726. [PMID: 26988455 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benthic Prorocentrum species can produce toxins that adversely affect animals and human health. They are known to co-occur with other bloom-forming, potentially toxic, benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Ostreopsis, Coolia, and Gambierdiscus. In this study, we report on the presence of P. elegans M.Faust and P. levis M.A.Faust, Kibler, Vandersea, P.A. Tester & Litaker from the southeastern Bay of Biscay. Sampling was carried out in the Summer-Autumn 2010-2012 along the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, but these two species were only found in the northeastern part of the Peninsula. Strains were isolated from macroalgae collected from rocky-shore areas bordering accessible beaches. Morphological traits of isolated strains were analyzed by LM and SEM, whereas molecular analyses were performed using the LSU and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the rDNA. A bioassay with Artemia fransciscana and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses were used to check the toxicity of the species, whose results were negative. The strains mostly corresponded to their species original morphological characterization, which is supported by the phylogenetic analyses in the case of P. levis, whereas for P. elegans, this is the first known molecular characterization. This is also the second known report of P. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena David
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Aitor Laza-Martínez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Koldo García-Etxebarria
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Associated Unit of Toxic Phytoplankton (CSIC-IEO), Institute of Marine Research, (CSIC), Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - Emma Orive
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
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D'Alessandro CP, Jones LR, Humber RA, López Lastra CC, Sosa-Gomez DR. Characterization and phylogeny of Isaria spp. strains (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and elongation factor 1-alpha sequences. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S21-31. [PMID: 24222441 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences were used to characterize and to identify Isaria isolates from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil, as well as to study the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates and other related fungi from the order Hypocreales. The molecular characterization, which was performed by PCR-RFLP of EF1-α and ITS1-5.8-ITS2 genes, was useful for resolving representative isolates of Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa, and Isaria tenuipes and to confirm the taxonomic identity of fungi from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. The phylogenetic analyses showed three clades corresponding to three families of Hypocreales. The genus Isaria was confirmed as polyphyletic and in family Cordycipitaceae, Isaria species were related to anamorphic species of Beauveria, Lecanicillium, and Simplicillium and to teleomorphic Cordyceps and Torrubiella. Therefore, EF1-α and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 genes were found to be powerful tools for improving the characterization, identification, and phylogenetic relationship of the Isaria species and other entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste P D'Alessandro
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No 584, CP 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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