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Qin L, Qian Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Tang X, Yin T, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Gao X. Isolation and the pathogenicity characterization of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) from diseased Macrobrachium nipponense and its activation on host immune response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 146:109403. [PMID: 38266793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of Macrobrachium nipponense occurred in several farms in China, with cardinal symptoms of slow swimming, loss of appetite, empty of intestine, reddening of the hepatopancreas and gills. The pathogen has been confirmed as Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1), namely DIV1-mn, by molecular epidemiology, histopathological examination, TEM observation, challenge experiment, and viral load detection. Histopathological analysis showed severe damage in hepatopancreas and gills of diseased prawns, exhibited few eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis, and TEM of diseased prawns revealed that icosahedral virus particles existed in hepatopancreas and gill, which confirmed the disease of the farmed prawns caused by the DIV1 infection. Besides, challenge tests showed LD50 of DIV1 to M. nipponense was determined to be 2.14 × 104 copies/mL, and real-time PCR revealed that M. nipponense had a very high DIV1 load in the hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas after infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was undertaken to investigated the expression of six immune-related genes in DIV1-infected M. nipponense after different time points, and the results revealed UCHL3, Relish, Gly-Cru2, CTL, MyD88 and Hemocyanin were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas, which revealed various expression patterns in response to DIV1 infection. This study revealed that DIV1 infection is responsible for the mass mortality of M. nipponense, one of the important crustacean species, indicating its high susceptibility to DIV1. Moreover, this study will contribute to exploring the interaction between the host and DIV1 infection, specifically in terms of understanding how M. nipponense recognizes and eliminates the invading of DIV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qieqi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Anting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinzhe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tianchi Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Zhang Y, Sui P, Zhong C, Liu J. Development and Validation of the novel Cuproptosis- and Immune-related Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:2260-2275. [PMID: 38495502 PMCID: PMC10937287 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma often results in late-stage diagnosis, leading to decreased treatment success. To improve prognosis, this study integrates cuproptosis with immune risk scoring models for HCC patients. Method: We identified differentially expressed genes connected to cuproptosis and immune responses using Pearson correlation. A risk signature was then constructed via LASSO regression, and its robustness was validated in the International Cancer Genome Consortium dataset. Additionally, qPCR confirmed findings in tumor and normal tissues. Results: Eight genes emerged as key prognostic markers from the 110 differentially expressed genes linked to cuproptosis and immunity. A risk-scoring model was developed using gene expression, effectively categorizing patients into low- or high-risk groups. Validated in the ICGC dataset, high-risk patients had significantly reduced survival times. Multivariate Cox regression affirmed the risk signature's independent predictive capability. A clinical nomogram based on the risk signature was generated. Notably, low-risk patients might benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibitors. qPCR and western blotting results substantiated our bioinformatics findings. Conclusions: The genetic risk signature linked to cuproptosis and immunity holds potential as a vital prognostic biomarker for Hepatocellular carcinoma, providing avenues for tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Sui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The first clinical medical college of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 515000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jinan University, Jiangmen, 52900, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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Baloch AA, Steinhagen D, Gela D, Kocour M, Piačková V, Adamek M. Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15614. [PMID: 37465154 PMCID: PMC10351508 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of the fish's susceptibility towards the virus. The expression of the same genes in AS and koi responding to CEV genogroup IIa infection in mucosal tissues such as gill, gut, and skin showed the significant up-regulation of all the cytokine genes in gill and gut tissues from koi carp at 5 dpi. Significant down-regulation of CD4 and GzmA levels were only detected in koi gill on 5 dpi but not in other tissues. AS carp displayed significant up-expression of Mx2 gene in all mucosal tissues on 5 dpi, whereas in koi, it was up-regulated in gill and gut only. In both carp strains, gill harbored a higher virus load on 5 dpi compared to the other tissues. The results showed that resistance to CEV could not be linked with the selected immune responses measured. The up-regulation of mRNA expression of most of the selected immune-related genes in koi gill and gut suggests that CEV induces a more systemic mucosal immune response not restricted to the target tissue of gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Baloch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - David Gela
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocour
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Piačková
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Qian Q, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhu Y, Xu W, Gao X, Jiang Q, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides causing mass mortalities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and its induced host immune response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 132:108487. [PMID: 36503060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of mass mortality of M. salmoides occurred in an aquaculture farm in Jiangsu province of China, showing signs of skin ulceration and haemorrhages. The bacteria were isolated from diseased largemouth bass, and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides based on morphological, physiological and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The pathogenicity of P. shigelloides was determined by challenge experiments, and the median lethal dosage (LD50) of the isolate NJS1 for M. salmoides was calculated as 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL at 7 d post-infection. Histopathological analysis revealed that extensive necrosis, vacuolization and inflammation were presented in the kidney, liver and gill of the diseased fish. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that P. shigelloides NJS1 was positive for astA, astB, astD, astE, actP and 6 ahpA. Additionally, the host defensive response of M. salmoides infected by P. shigelloides was analyzed by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results showed that the expression levels of Cas3, Hep1, HIF, IgM, IL15 and TGF were significantly up-regulated in head kidney, liver and spleen in different hours post-infection, which revealed varying expression profiles and clear transcriptional activation of immune related genes. The results suggested that P. shigelloides was an etiological element in the mass mortalities of M. salmoides and this study provided deeper insights for the pathogenesis and host defensive system in P. shigelloides invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qieqi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Kushala KB, Nithin MS, Girisha SK, Dheeraj SB, Sowndarya NS, Puneeth TG, Suresh T, Naveen Kumar BT, Vinay TN. Fish immune responses to natural infection with carp edema virus (Koi sleepy disease): An emerging fish disease in India. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:624-634. [PMID: 36126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pathogen, carp edema virus (CEV) causes koi sleepy disease (KSD) in Koi and common carp causing severe mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a total of 150 fish species belonging to eight different families were sampled from the ornamental fish retailers and farms, located in Karnataka, India. The OIE protocol viz., level-I, II and III diagnoses confirmed the infection of CEV in 10 koi fish. Interestingly, other fish species belonging to different fish family including cyprinidae family were negative to CEV. Further, CEV infection was confirmed by sequencing (partial 4a gene); it showed the similarity with that of CEV reported from India and Germany strains with similarity of 97.4-99.94% and belonged to genogroup IIa. TEM analysis of purified CEV, in vivo cohabitation and tissue infection experiments confirmed the CEV infection. In addition, viral load was significantly higher (106-7 copies) in koi collected from Dakshina Kannada than of Bengaluru (103-4 copies). To understand the host-pathogen interaction, different organs such as gill, kidney, liver and spleen from naturally (CEV) infected koi were used to study the immune gene responses by using eight innate and one adaptive immune response. Results indicated that TNF-α, RohTNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-10, and catalyze β-2M of MHC class I pathway genes were upregulated in koi. Higher expression of immune genes during the CEV infection may have inhibited viral replication and mount an antigenic adaptive response. Similar to other viral infections, interferon-γ play an important role during poxvirus infections. Quantification of immune genes in infected fish will provide insights into the host responses and provide valuable information to devise intervention strategies to prevent and control disease due to CEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Kushala
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Nithin
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Girisha
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - S B Dheeraj
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - N S Sowndarya
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T G Puneeth
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T Suresh
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Naveen Kumar
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - T N Vinay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, MRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
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Liu G, Li J, Jiang Z, Zhu X, Gao X, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wei W, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii causing mass mortalities of Odontobutis potamophila and its induced host immune response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 125:180-189. [PMID: 35561950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a freshwater bacterium associated with many diseases in aquatic animals. However, few cases of A. veronii infection were reported in Odontobutis potamophila, which has been becoming a promising fish species in China in recent years. In this study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased O. potamophila showing signs of hemorrhage on fins, ulceration on the dorsal and abdomen. The representative isolate Stl3-1was identified as A. veronii based on analysis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The median lethal dosage (LD50) of the isolate Stl3-1 for O. potamophila was determined as 4.5 × 105 CFU/mL. Histopathological analysis revealed that the isolate Stl3-1caused considerable histological lesions in the fish, including tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrating. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that A. veronii Stl3-1 was positive for exu, ompA, lip, flaH, hlyA, aer, flgM, tapA, act, flgA, gcaT and flgN. Additionally, quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also undertaken to analyses the host defensive response in O. potamophila infected by A. veronii. The immune-related gene expressions in O. potamophila during experimental infection were monitored at different point of time, and the results showed that the expression levels of MHC II, Myd88, TLR, and SOD were significantly up-regulated in liver, gill, spleen, and head kidney. The results revealed that A. veronii was a pathogen causing mass mortalities of O. potamophila and will contribute to better understanding the host defensive response against A. veronii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Research Center of Characteristic Fish, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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7
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Karimi M, Mousavi SM, Zolgharnain H, Zakeri M. Dietary montmorillonite as growth promoter and immunomodulator in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chemosphere 2020; 252:126459. [PMID: 32199164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 98-day research was conducted to assess the influence of dietary montmorillonite (MMT) on growth and immune competence in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish fry (mean weight: 500 ± 35 mg) were fed with four experimental diets contained MMT at levels of 0 (as control group), 1, 2 and 4%. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate and growth parameters and serum total protein and albumin levels in MMT experimental groups was higher than the control group. Regarding humoral immune responses, fish being fed with 2 and 4% MMT diets showed the greatest and the lowest serum C3, C4 and lysozyme levels, respectively. Serum alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) in groups fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented diets was higher than the other groups. At the end of the challenge test with VHSV, the mortality rate reached to 28 and 20% in the control group and 4% MMT supplemented groups, respectively, whereas fish fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented diets showed the lowest mortality rate (2.5%) Fish fed with 1 and 2% MMT supplemented groups showed higher head kidney IL-1β and TNF-α genes expression compared to the other treatment groups. In addition, fish fed with 2% MMT-supplemented diet had the highest head kidney Lyz-2 gene expression. In summary, the results of this research suggests that supplementing diet with MMT at 1 or 2% improve growth and non-specific humoral immune responses and induce head kidney immune relate genes expression and disease resistance against VHS in O. mykiss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Hossein Zolgharnain
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zakeri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, Abo-El-Sooud K, Ali HA, Anwar A, El-Metwally AE, Mahmoud EA, Moustafa GG. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma-γ, and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10 in immunosuppression due to long-term exposure to five common food preservatives in rats. Gene 2020; 742:144590. [PMID: 32179172 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Food preservatives are abundant in many products in the human environment. However, little is known about the impact of many food preservatives on the immune system and the immune related genes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of five widespread food preservatives, including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), boric acid (BA), and calcium propionate (CP), on haemato-immune functions. METHOD Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups orally administered water (control), BHA (0.09 mg/kg), PS (4.5 mg/kg), SB (0.9 mg/kg), BA (0.16 mg/kg) or CP (0.18 mg/kg) for 90 consecutive days. Leukogram and erythrogram profiles were assessed. Nitric oxide and immunoglobulin levels together with phagocytic and lysozyme activities were estimated. Histologic examinations and histomorphometric analysis of splenic tissues were performed. Variations in the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were assessed. RESULTS Anemic conditions, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopaenia simultaneous with lymphocytopaenia, monocytopenia, and esinopenia have been obvious following long term exposure to the tested food additives. Prominent exhaustion was noted in immunoglobulin and NO levels and in lysozyme and phagocytic activities. IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were obviously upregulated in the groups exposed to food preservatives. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that continued exposure to high levels of BHA, PS, SB, BA, and CP has haematotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Furthermore, these adverse effects are mediated by cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Essam A Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Dawood MAO, Abdo SE, Gewaily MS, Moustafa EM, SaadAllah MS, AbdEl-Kader MF, Hamouda AH, Omar AA, Alwakeel RA. The influence of dietary β-glucan on immune, transcriptomic, inflammatory and histopathology disorders caused by deltamethrin toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:301-311. [PMID: 31972291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of β-glucan (BG) on liver function, histopathology, immune and antioxidant related gene expressions in Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DLM) was investigated for 30 days. Fish (28.18 ± 1.34 g) of the 1st and 2nd groups fed the control diet, while the 3rd and 4th groups fed BG at 0.5 g/kg and the 2nd and 4th groups were exposed to DLM (15 μg/L) in rearing water. DLM-treated fish displayed a considerable increase in blood biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea and bilirubin) as well as hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) (P < 0.05). Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, WBCs, RBCs, Hb, phagocytic index, phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in fish subjected to DLM (P < 0.05). Fish fed BG showed significantly the lowest cortisol and glucose levels, while fish exposed to DLM without feeding BG showed the highest cortisol and glucose levels (P < 0.05) after 15 and 30 days. Additionally, DLM toxicity caused downregulation in antioxidant (CAT and GPx) and immune (IL-1β and IL-8) related gene expressions, while and IFN-γ, HSP70 and CASP3 were upregulated. The histopathological examination of Nile tilapia exposed to DLM revealed damage in gills, intestine, spleen and liver which confirmed the toxic effects. Conversely, BG presented protective effects and restored the above-mentioned parameters when fish exposed to DLM and fed BG. Thus, BG supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DLM toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving blood biochemical responses, immune, and antioxidant related gene expressions as well as histopathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Moustafa S SaadAllah
- Department of Pesticides, Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Marwa F AbdEl-Kader
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C, Egypt
| | - Awatef H Hamouda
- Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Amira A Omar
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Alwakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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10
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Gao X, Miao Z, Li X, Chen N, Gu W, Liu X, Yang H, Wei W, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of non-O1/ O139 Vibrio cholerae and its induced immune response in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:300-307. [PMID: 31202968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of mass mortalities occurred in Macrobrachium rosenbergii farms in Gaoyou county, Jiangsu Province of China. The bacterial isolates from M. rosenbergii exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics, and were identified as non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae according to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. In challenge test, M. rosenbergii infected with non-O1/O139 V. cholerae GXFL1-4 developed similar pathological signs to the naturally diseased prawns, and LD50 of the strain to M. rosenbergii was 4.5 × 106 CFU/mL at 96 h post-infection. Histopathological analysis revealed that hepatopancreas and intestines of diseased M. rosenbergii exhibited obvious inflammatory responses to non-O1/O139 V. cholerae infection. Detection virulence factors of the strain GXFL1-4 showed that the bacteria produced caseinase, lipase, amylase, lecithinase and hemolysin, and carried toxR, hlyA, ompW, ompU, hap, rtxA and rtxC virulence related genes, supporting the strong virulence to M. rosenbergii. Additionally, the immune related gene expression in M. rosenbergii evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis showed that HSP70, Crustin, Lysozyme, TRL1, ALF1, Lectin, Peroxinectin, proPO and SOD immune related genes were significantly up-regulated at 6 and 12 h after infection with GXFL1-4. The results of our study suggested that non-O1/O139 V. cholerae was an etiological element in the mass mortalities of M. rosenbergii and this study provided preliminary insights into the diversity in the immune response of M. rosenbergii to the bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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11
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Li X, Yang H, Gao X, Zhang H, Chen N, Miao Z, Liu X, Zhang X. The pathogenicity characterization of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and its activation on immune system in freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:507-514. [PMID: 30711493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of mass mortalities among cultured Macrobrachium nipponense occurred in a commercial hatchery during the autumn of 2017 in Jiangsu province, P. R. China, and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae was isolated and identified as causal agents of M. nipponense, with a LD50 value 4.09 × 104 CFU/mL. Detection of virulence-associated genes by PCR indicated that XL1 was positive for Mp, HlyA, RtxA, OmpU, Ace, Zot and T6SS. Furthermore, the results of extracellular enzyme analysis revealed that the strain can produce lecithinase, amylase, gelatinase and hemolysin. Histopathological analysis revealed that the hepatic tubule lumen and the gap between the hepatic tubules became larger, and the brush border disappeared in the hepatopancreas. Quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was undertaken to measure mRNA expression levels for thirteen immune related genes in M. nipponense after non-O1 V. cholerae infection. The transcriptional analysis of these immune related genes demonstrated that the expression levels of dorsal, relish, p38, crustin1, crustin2, crustin3, hemocyanin, i-lysozyme, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 1, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 2, prophenoloxidase were significantly up-regulated in hemolymph of M. nipponense post-infection. These results revealed varying expression profiles and clear transcriptional activation of these immune related genes in hemolymph, which will contribute to better understand the pathogenesis and host defensive system in non-O1 V. cholerae invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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12
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Jariyapong P, Pudgerd A, Cheloh N, Hirono I, Kondo H, Vanichviriyakit R, Weerachatyanukul W, Chotwiwatthanakun C. Hematopoietic tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii plays dual roles as a source of hemocyte hematopoiesis and as a defensive mechanism against Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:756-763. [PMID: 30553890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White tail disease caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) infection takes place only in nauplii, not adults, of M. rosenbergii prawn. Hemocyte homeostasis and immune-related functions derived from the hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) in adult prawn are presumed to play roles in resisting viral infection. To elucidate the role of the Hpt cell response to MrNV, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed with MrNV-infected prawn at various time intervals. The results showed that there were 462 unigenes that were differentially expressed between mock and infected samples. BlastX sequence analysis revealed that two proteins, crustacean hematopoietic factor (CHF) and cell growth-regulating zinc finger protein (Lyar), are involved in hemocyte hematopoiesis and are up-regulated during MrNV infection. In fact, genes involved in cell growth regulation and immunity were highly expressed at 6 h and decreased within 24 h post-infection. Localization studies in the Hpt tissue revealed the presence of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and CHF mRNAs in Hpt cells. Considering these findings, we concluded that resistance to MrNV infection in adult prawn is due to an increase in humoral immune factors and the acceleration of hemocyte homeostasis by the dual roles of the Hpt organ in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchanee Jariyapong
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand; Research Center of Excellence on Shrimp, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Arnon Pudgerd
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao, Muang, Phayao, 56000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nifareesa Cheloh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Mueang Narathiwat District, Narathiwat, 96000, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wattana Weerachatyanukul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
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13
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Byadgi O, Beraldo P, Volpatti D, Massimo M, Bulfon C, Galeotti M. Expression of infection-related immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during a natural outbreak from a unique dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:62-72. [PMID: 30266602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean area, amyloodiniosis represents a major hindrance for marine aquaculture, causing high mortalities in lagoon-type based rearing sites during warm seasons. Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) is the most common and important dinoflagellate parasitizing fish, and is one of the few fish parasites that can infest several fish species living within its ecological range. In the present study, A. ocellatum was recorded and collected from infected European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during a summer 2017 outbreak in north east Italy. Histological observation of infected ESB gill samples emphasized the presence of round or pear-shaped trophonts anchored to the oro-pharingeal cavity. Molecular analysis for small subunit (SSU) rDNA of A. ocellatum from gill genomic DNA amplified consistently and yielded 248 bp specific amplicon of A. ocellatum, that was also confirmed using sequencing and NCBI Blast analysis. Histological sections of ESB gill samples were addressed to immunohistochemical procedure for the labelling of ESB igm, inos, tlr2, tlr4, pcna and cytokeratin. Infected gills resulted positive for igm, inos, pcna and cytokeratin but negative to tlr-2 and tlr-4. Furthermore, ESB immune related gene response (innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and stress) in the course of A. ocellatum infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for infected gills and head kidney was analysed. Among the twenty three immune related gene molecules tested, cc1, il-8, il-10, hep, cox-2, cla, cat, casp9, and igt were significantly expressed in diseased fish. Altogether, these data on parasite identification and expression of host immune-related genes will allow for a better understanding of immune response in European sea bass against A. ocellatum and could promote the development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Byadgi
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Massimo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Bulfon
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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14
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You HS, Ok YJ, Lee SH, Kang SS, Hyun SH. Changes in Gene Expression in Human Epithelial and Mast Cells in Response to Vesicles from Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:241-5. [PMID: 31031441 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated alterations in the expression of immune-related genes in epithelial cells and mast cells treated with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpOMVs). Previous studies have shown that OMVs contain substances that enable their delivery to host cells and induce an immune response. Our results indicate an increase in expression of genes such as IL-8, IL-1b, MIP-1α, HMOX1, HSPA1A, and IL-24 in epithelial cells and mast cells treated with KpOMVs. The pathogenicity of KpOMVs was confirmed by measuring the changes in the expression of these immune-related genes.
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15
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Chen N, Jiang J, Gao X, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang H, Bing X, Zhang X. Histopathological analysis and the immune related gene expression profiles of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 83:410-415. [PMID: 30201448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic septicemia of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) was mainly caused by Aeromonas hydrophila which was an opportunistic pathogen. In recent years, the disease has caused tremendous economic loss with high morbidity and mass mortality in the mandarin fish breeding industry. Histopathological analysis and the immune related gene expression profiles of mandarin fish (S. chuatsi) infected with A. hydrophila were investigated in this study. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the cells of A. hydrophila densely covered with a mass of fimbriae. Histopathological analysis revealed that inflammation, vacuolization and extensive necrosis existed in the gill, liver, spleen and head kidney of the diseased fish. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression levels for six immune related genes in mandarin fish after A. hydrophila infection. The transcriptional analysis of these immune related genes demonstrated that the expression levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), T cell receptor α (TCRα), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CC chemokine 3, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Hepcidin were strongly up-regulated in spleen and head kidney of mandarin fish post-infection. These results will contribute to further study on the pathogenesis and host defensive system in A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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16
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Koiwai K, Kondo H, Hirono I. The immune functions of sessile hemocytes in three organs of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus differ from those of circulating hemocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 78:109-113. [PMID: 29684599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp, as invertebrates, have an open vasculature that allows circulating hemocytes to infiltrate the tissues, where they are referred to as sessile hemocytes. Sessile hemocytes are known to express immune-related genes, but it is not known whether their functions differ from those of circulating hemocytes. To answer this question, we enriched them from suspensions of different tissues using discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and analyzed their transcripts by RNA-seq. The results suggest that circulating hemocytes and sessile hemocytes of the gills are in a state that could react quickly to pathogens, immune-related genes expression of sessile hemocytes differ from circulating hemocytes, and the gills, heart and lymphoid organs have cells that express immune-related genes that are different from hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Koiwai
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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17
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Li Y, Liu H, Dai X, Li J, Ding F. Effects of dietary inulin and mannan oligosaccharide on immune related genes expression and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 76:78-92. [PMID: 29471061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of inulin and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) at different doses (2.5, 4 and 10 mg/g) in singular or combined diet on growth rate, immune related genes expression, and resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio alginolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated. At the end of 28-day singular feeding experiment, the highest values of specific growth rate (SGR) and the expression of toll-like receptor1, 2 and 3 (TLR1, 2, 3), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), crustin, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) as well as prophenoloxidase (proPO) were observed in shrimp individually fed with 5 mg/g dietary inulin or MOS, respectively. Compared with individual treatments, diet containing combined prebiotics (5 mg/g inulin and MOS) significantly improved the expression of TLRs, STAT, proPO, crustin and ALF in L. vannamei after four-week feeding. Additionally, Pacific white shrimp fed with combined dietary prebiotics showed significantly higher expression of immune related genes and lower cumulative mortality in WSSV and Vibrio alginolyticus challenges, compared to the singular feeding groups and control. These results in the present study demonstrated that the combined supplementation of inulin (5 mg/g) and MOS (5 mg/g) remarkably enhanced innate immune response and pathogen resistance of shrimp, and should be considered as a promising immunostimulatory additive for the culture of Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xilin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fujiang Ding
- Shencao Special Aquatic Product Development Company, Shanghai 201506, China
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18
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Liu X, Chen N, Gao X, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Bing X, Huang H, Zhang X. The infection of red seabream iridovirus in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and the host immune related gene expression profiles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 74:474-484. [PMID: 29341929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Red Sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) was initially isolated from marine fish, which belongs to Megalocytivirus, Iridoviridae. It can cause great economic losses in fish culture with high morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the pathogenicity and immune response associated with a RSIV genotype megalocytivirus infection were determined in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Fish challenged showed typical clinical signs of iridovirus infection, including acute haemorrhages and enlarged visceral organs. Histopathological analysis revealed that extensive necrosis, vacuolization and inflammation were presented in the stomach, spleen, kidney and liver of the diseased fish. Blood cells counting and phagocytic assay indicated that the numbers of the red and white blood cells in the peripheral blood of infected fish increased significantly compared to the control group and the phagocytic percentage of leukocytes peaked at day 6 post infection. Quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also undertaken to analyse the host defensive response in mandarin fish challenged with RSIV. The expression level of ten genes including interferon-related factors (IRFs) IRF1 and IRF7, Mx, Viperin, JAK1, STAT1, TCRα, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8 during experimental infection were monitored at different point of time in liver, spleen and head kidney. Results revealed varying expression profiles and clear transcriptional activation of these immune related genes in different tissues, which will contribute to better understand the pathogenesis and host defensive system in iridovirus invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hezhong Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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19
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Rudtanatip T, Boonsri N, Asuvapongpatana S, Withyachumnarnkul B, Wongprasert K. A sulfated galactans supplemented diet enhances the expression of immune genes and protects against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in shrimp. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 65:186-197. [PMID: 28442419 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated galactans (SG) supplemented diet was evaluated for the potential to stimulate immune activity in shrimp Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei). Shrimp given the SG supplemented diet (0.5, 1 and 2% w/w) for 7 days showed enhanced expression of the downstream signaling mediator of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) and immune related genes including p-NF-κB, IMD, IKKβ and IKKε, antimicrobial peptide PEN-4, proPO-I and II. Following immersion with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) for 14 days, the shrimp given the SG supplemented diet (1 and 2% w/w) showed a decrease in bacterial colonies and bacterial toxin gene expression, compared to shrimp given a normal diet, and they reached 50% mortality at day 14. However, shrimp given the normal diet and challenged with the bacteria reached 100% mortality at day 6. SG-fed shrimp increased expression of immune genes related to LGBP signaling at day 1 after the bacterial immersion compared to control (no immersion), which later decreased to control levels. Shrimp on the normal diet also increased expression of immune related genes at day 1 after immersion which however decreased below control levels by day 3. Taken together, the results indicate the efficacy of the SG supplemented diet to enhance the immune activity in shrimp which could offer protection from V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawut Rudtanatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nantavadee Boonsri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somluk Asuvapongpatana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; The Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center, Chaiya District, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Miandare HK, Yarahmadi P, Abbasian M. Immune related transcriptional responses and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae fed on dietary probiotic PrimaLac(®). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 55:671-678. [PMID: 27374432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of various levels of multi-strain probiotic on the immune related gene expression, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, body chemical composition and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae. After transferring post-larvae of L. vannamei to indoor conditions and subsequent acclimation to laboratory condition for 14 days, the shrimp were fed multi-strain probiotic at four different doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) for eight weeks. Shrimp fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic PrimaLac(®) exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain, specific growth rate, body crude protein as well as lower FCR compared to other groups. Feeding on 0.5 and 1 g kg(-1) dietary multi-strain probiotic significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of body crude protein. Oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body crude lipid and body moisture respectively. 30 days after feeding, protease, amylase and lipase activity increased in groups fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic PrimaLac(®). However, on the 60th day, specific protease and amylase activity in all treatment groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05) but lipase activity was higher (p < 0.05) in groups fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic. Oral administration of 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic increased (p < 0.05) the level of prophenoloxidase and g-type lysozyme gene on day 30th and 60th after treatment. On day 30th and 60th, penaeidin gene expression was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In general, findings of this study demonstrated that oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic improved the performance of the fish and increased the expression of immune related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran.
| | - Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasian
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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