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Thorisdottir B, Arnesen EK, Bärebring L, Dierkes J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Ramel A, Nwaru BI, Söderlund F, Åkesson A. Legume consumption in adults and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9541. [PMID: 37288088 PMCID: PMC10243120 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their risk factors among healthy adults. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 16 May 2022 for ≥4 weeks long randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with follow-up ≥12 months, assessing legume intake (beans/lentils/peas/soybeans, excluding peanuts and legume-products/protein/powder/flour) as the intervention or exposure. Outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, T2D and in intervention trials only: changes in blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s RoB-NObS. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk or weighed mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity quantified as I2. The evidence was appraised according to World Cancer Research Fund's criteria. Results Of the 181 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 47 were included: 31 cohort studies (2,081,432 participants with generally low legume consumption), 14 crossover RCTs (448 participants), one parallel RCT and one non-randomized trial. Meta-analyses of cohort studies were suggestive of null associations for CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.19 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (-0.30). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 52% for LDL-cholesterol, >75% for others). The overall evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and risk of CVD and T2D was considered limited - no conclusion. Conclusion Legume consumption was not found to influence risk of CVD and T2D in healthy adult populations with generally low legume consumption. However, protective effects on risk factors, seen in RCTs, lend some support for recommending legume consumption as part of diverse and healthy dietary patterns for prevention of CVD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Thorisdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Erik Kristoffer Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bright I. Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderlund
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chang Y, Bai J, Yu H, Yang X, Chang PS, Nitin N. Synergistic inactivation of Listeria and E. coli using a combination of erythorbyl laurate and mild heating and its application in decontamination of peas as a model fresh produce. Food Microbiol 2022; 102:103869. [PMID: 34809926 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the synergistic antimicrobial activity of erythorbyl laurate (EL) and mild heating co-treatment on the Gram-positive Listeria innocua and Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria. EL (2 mM) and mild heating (55 °C for 3 min) resulted in 3.1 and 0.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL reductions in the number of L. innocua, respectively, compared to a 6.4 log CFU/mL reduction induced by the combined treatment of EL and mild heating in saline. EL (10 mM) and mild heating (55 °C for 3 min) resulted in 1.3 and 0.7 log CFU/mL reductions in the number of E. coli O157:H7, respectively, compared to a 6.2 log CFU/mL reduction with the combined treatment in saline. EL, a membrane-active compound, showed a strong synergistic effect with mild heating, possibly due to enhanced disruption of the bacterial cell membrane. The synergistic antibacterial effect was evaluated using inoculated English peas (Pisum sativum) and this combined treatment (2 mM EL and mild heating against L. innocua and 10 mM EL and mild heating against E. coli O157:H7) resulted in more than 7 log reductions in the numbers of L. innocua and E. coli O157:H7, inoculated on the surface of fresh peas. The treatments did not show significant difference in the color or texture of treated peas compared to the non-treated controls. This is the first report illustrating synergistic activity of EL and mild heating for both the gram positive (L. innocua) and the gram negative (E. coli O157:H7) bacteria on food. Overall, this research will illustrate the development of more effective and rapid antibacterial surface disinfection method for application in the processing of minimally processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Division of Applied Food System, Major in Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjong Yu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Titze N, Krieg J, Steingass H, Rodehutscord M. In situ crude protein and starch degradation and in vitro evaluation of pea grains for ruminants. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:422-434. [PMID: 34761997 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1994831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen pea grain samples from different origins were used to examine the variation in in situ ruminal degradation of crude protein (CP) and starch as well as in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics. In vitro GP was used to estimate the digestibility of organic matter (dOM), metabolisable energy (ME) and utilisable CP at the duodenum (uCP). Protein fractions were also determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Degradation of CP and starch from all pea grains in the rumen was almost complete, with a high proportion of the instantly disappearing fraction. The variation in the degradation constants among pea grain variants was high, and degradation of CP and starch showed a significant initial lag phase in the rumen. The mean effective degradation (ED) calculated for a rumen outflow of k = 8%/h of CP (EDCP8) was higher than ED of starch (EDST8), averaging 77.0 and 71.5%, respectively, with low variation among variants. A correlation analysis between GP parameters and in situ degradation constants showed no clear relationship, but the rates of in vitro GP and in situ starch degradation were similar. Most of the protein in the pea grains was buffer-soluble with fast and intermediate degradation. Variation in the protein fractions among the pea grain variants was low and not suitable for predicting differences in in situ degradation characteristics. The mean in vitro uCP of pea grains was 198 g/kg dry matter (k = 8%/h) and variation was low and consistent with that of GP kinetics and in situ rumen undegradable crude protein values. The estimation of dOM and ME from 24 h GP led to very high values indicating that the existing prediction equations may not be suitable for pea grains as a single feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Titze
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krieg
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert Steingass
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Hidayat M, Prahastuti S, Yusuf M, Hasan K. Nutrition profile and potency of RGD motif in protein hydrolysate of green peas as an antifibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:734-743. [PMID: 34630950 PMCID: PMC8487609 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.50291.11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibrosis is the major cause of chronic kidney injury and the primary etiology in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The initial study of protein hydrolysate of green peas hydrolyzed by bromelain (PHGPB) considered it to improve kidney function parameters and showed no fibrosis in histopathology features in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity rats. In the current study, we aimed to assess the nutrition profile and potency of RGD in PHGPB as antifibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Green peas (Pisum sativum) were hydrolyzed by bromelain from pineapple juice to obtain PHGPB. The amino acid content of PHGPB was measured using the UPLC method, while the primary structure used LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using the Protease Specificity Predictive Server (PROSPER). The potency of RGD in PHGPB was characterized by determining the levels of Fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β1 in mesangial SV40 MES 13 cell lines of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. RESULTS The level of lysine was 364.85 mg/l. The LC-MS/MS data showed two proteins with 4-15 kDa molecular weight originated from convicilin (P13915 and P13919) which were predicted by PROSPER proteolytic cleavage, resulted in RGD in the LERGDT sequence peptide. PHGPB increased SV40 MES 13 mesangial cell proliferation that died from high-glucose levels (diabetic glomerulosclerosis model). PHGPB and RGD reduced the levels of FN and TGF-β1 in mesangial cell lines of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION The nutrition profile and RGD motif in PHGPB show great potential as antifibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilinah Hidayat
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Jalan Prof. Drg. Suria Sumantri 65 Bandung 40163, Indonesia
| | - Sijani Prahastuti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Jalan Prof. Drg. Suria Sumantri 65 Bandung 40163, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Singaperbangsa No. 2, Bandung 40133, Indonesia
| | - Khomaini Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jalan Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cibeber, Kec. Cimahi Selatan, Cimahi 40531, Indonesia
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Rose DJ, Poudel R, Van Haute MJ, Yang Q, Wang L, Singh M, Liu S. Pulse processing affects gas production by gut bacteria during in vitro fecal fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110453. [PMID: 34399455 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flatulence is one barrier to pulse consumption for many people. Therefore, we examined how processing affects gas production by the microbiome in three classes of pulses. Processing did not affect gas production from Navy beans. However, in Pardina lentils and green peas, (-1.9 ± 0.3 mL/24 h, p < 0.001; -2.3 ± 0.3 mL/24 h, p < 0.001, respectively). In Pardina lentils and green peas, germination diminished carbohydrate utilization by the microbiome compared with unprocessed samples. In Pardina lentils germination reduced abundance germination resulted in the greatest reduction in gas production among six processing methods of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae and reduced propionate production compared with unprocessed samples. In green peas, germination reduced ASVs from Lachnospiraceae, including one from Roseburia, and reduced proportion of butyrate production during fermentation. Three ASVs from Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster 1), Megasphaera elsdenii, and unclassified Veillonellaceae, were strongly associated with increased gas production across all samples (ρ = 0.67-0.69, p < 0.001). This study showed that processing can reduce gas production by the microbiome in some pulses, but also reduces saccharolytic fermentation and production of beneficial microbial metabolites.
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Muramatsu H, Kuriyama A. Wheezing of unexpected etiology: A case report of pea aspiration mimicking bronchus obstruction caused by a tumor. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 62:265-268. [PMID: 33537141 PMCID: PMC7841212 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Geriatric patients with foreign body aspiration (FBA) lack a detailed medical history. Meanwhile, FBA can mimic other diseases and present with wheezing. Here, we report on the difficulty of making a diagnosis of FBA in an elderly man with wheezing. Case presentation An 84-year-old man presented with wet cough. He had progressive lung cancer, for which only supportive care was provided. His physical examination revealed wheezing. We presumptively diagnosed acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD) and administered inhaled procaterol and parenteral methylprednisolone, which did not mitigate his symptoms. Computed tomography revealed a round nodule, 1 cm in diameter, in his right intermediate bronchus. Central airway obstruction (CAO) caused by the tumor was initially suspected. However, bronchoscopy revealed a pea (Pisum sativum) lodged in his right bronchus, which was removed using forceps. Discussion The typical clinical presentations of FBA are sudden-onset cough and dyspnea. However, some geriatric patients do not have cough or lack the cognitive capacity to inform of an episode of FBA. FBA can mimic other entities including AE-COPD and CAO, as seen in our case. Clinicians should not terminate the diagnostic process until all available information explaining the patient's signs and symptoms is collected. Conclusion Despite the lack of apparent aspiration, FBA is an important differential diagnosis of new wheezing in the elderly. Physicians need to carefully evaluate “trivial” information or collect additional information when encountering airway symptoms in elderly patients to avoid missing an FBA diagnosis. Geriatric patients with foreign body aspiration (FBA) lack a detailed medical history. FBA can mimic other diseases and present with wheezing. Clinicians should not terminate the diagnostic process early to avoid missing FBA. Availability and anchoring biases could be involved during the process to diagnose FBA. We should seek more information from accompanying persons to diagnose FBA early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Muramatsu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan,1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan,1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
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Dinnella C, Morizet D, Masi C, Cliceri D, Depezay L, Appleton KM, Giboreau A, Perez-Cueto FJA, Hartwell H, Monteleone E. Sensory determinants of stated liking for vegetable names and actual liking for canned vegetables: A cross-country study among European adolescents. Appetite 2016; 107:339-347. [PMID: 27562674 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensory properties are reported as one of the main factors hindering an appropriate vegetable intake by the young. In the present work the sensory determinants of likings for vegetables were explored in adolescents of four European countries (Denmark, n = 88; France, n = 206; Italy, n = 110 and United Kingdom, n = 93). A questionnaire was designed to study cross country differences in stated liking for and familiarity with a list of vegetables popular among European markets (between-vegetable approach). A within-vegetable comparison approach with actual tasting was used to analyze differences and similarities in liking for canned pea and sweet corn samples across the countries. A close positive relationship between stated liking and familiarity was found. Irrespective of the country, one group of highly liked vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, green salad) was identified, characterized by innately liked tastes (sweet, umami), delicate flavour and bright appealing colour. A second group of highly disliked vegetables consists of cauliflowers and broccoli, characterized by disliked sensations such as bitter taste and objectionable flavour. Internal Preference Maps from actual liking scores indicate that the generally disliked tastes (bitter, sour), are clearly correlated with a negative hedonic response for both peas and sweet corn. The hedonic valence of a generally well accepted taste such as salty and texture descriptors depends on the type of vegetable. Internal preference maps from actual liking data indicate that flavour and appearance descriptors of the distinct sensory properties of each type of vegetable positively affect liking, while the intensity of unusual flavours is related to sample disliking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Dinnella
- Department of Management of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - David Morizet
- Sensory & Consumer Science, Bonduelle Corporate Research, France
| | - Camilla Masi
- Department of Management of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Danny Cliceri
- Department of Management of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Laurence Depezay
- Sensory & Consumer Science, Bonduelle Corporate Research, France
| | - Katherine M Appleton
- Research Centre for Behaviour Change, Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, UK
| | | | | | - Heather Hartwell
- The Foodservice and Applied Nutrition Research Group, Bournemouth University, UK
| | - Erminio Monteleone
- Department of Management of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence, Italy
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Woyengo TA, Emiola IA, Kim IH, Nyachoti CM. Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Two Cultivars of Pea for Broiler Chicks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:396-403. [PMID: 26950872 PMCID: PMC4811792 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in peas for 21-day old broiler chickens using slope-ratio assay. One hundred and sixty eight male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 42 groups 4 balanced for body weight and fed 7 diets in a completely randomized design (6 groups/diet) from day 1 to 21 of age. The diets were a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the corn-soybean meal basal diet to which monosodium phosphate, brown- or yellow-seeded pea was added at the expense of cornstarch to supply 0.5% or 1% total phosphorus. Monosodium phosphate was included as a reference, and hence the estimated bioavailability of P in pea cultivars was relative to that in the monosodium phosphate. Birds and feed were weighed weekly and on d 21 they were killed to obtain tibia. The brown-seeded pea contained 23.4% crude protein, 0.47% P, whereas the yellow-seeded pea contained 24.3% crude protein and 0.38% P. Increasing dietary P supply improved (p<0.05) chick body weight gain and tibia ash and bone density. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas obtained using final body weight, average daily gain, tibia ash, and bone mineral density were 31.5% and 36.2%, 35.6% and 37.3%, 23.0% and 5.60%, and 40.3% and 30.3%, respectively. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas did not differ within each of the response criteria measured in this study. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of P in pea did not differ depending on the cultivar (brown- vs yellow-seed). However, the relative bioavailability of P in pea may vary depending on the response criterion used to measure the bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Woyengo
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - I A Emiola
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Abdelraheem EMH, Hassan SM, Arief MMH, Mohammad SG. Validation of quantitative method for azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas. Food Chem 2015; 182:246-50. [PMID: 25842334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a method validation for extraction and quantitative analysis of azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas using HPLC-UV and the results confirmed by GC-MS. The employed method involved initial extraction with acetonitrile after the addition of salts (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride), followed by a cleanup step by activated neutral carbon. Validation parameters; linearity, matrix effect, LOQ, specificity, trueness and repeatability precision were attained. The spiking levels for the trueness and the precision experiments were (0.1, 0.5, 3 mg/kg). For HPLC-UV analysis, mean recoveries ranged between 83.69% to 91.58% and 81.99% to 107.85% for green beans and peas, respectively. For GC-MS analysis, mean recoveries ranged from 76.29% to 94.56% and 80.77% to 100.91% for green beans and peas, respectively. According to these results, the method has been proven to be efficient for extraction and determination of azoxystrobin residues in green beans and peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M H Abdelraheem
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 7, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt; The University of Georgia, Lab for Environmental Analysis, 160 Phoenix Rd, Room 134, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sayed M Hassan
- The University of Georgia, Lab for Environmental Analysis, 160 Phoenix Rd, Room 134, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Mohamed M H Arief
- Benha University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Qalyubia Governorate, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Somaia G Mohammad
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 7, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Zhu YY, Zhang M, Wang YQ. Vacuum frying of peas: effect of coating and pre-drying. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:3105-10. [PMID: 25892816 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the research was to compare the effect of coating with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hot-air and vacuum microwave pre-drying on the physicochemical properties and sensory scores of vacuum-fried peas. The three pre-treatments prior to frying were shown to obviously reduce oil absorption in vacuum-fried peas. Among the three pre-treatments, coating with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for peas produced the lowest oil content products (24.53 %), and the chlorophyll retention was 77.08 %. Vitamin C and breaking force for fried products with vacuum microwave pre-drying were 46.56 μg/100 g (db) and 8.64 N, which were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) better than those of other treatments. However, fried peas treated by hot air pre-drying showed the highest breaking force and lowest chlorophyll retention. All the fried peas had water activity (Aw) values of less than 0.35, indicating that the products have a long shelf life. Sensory scores showed vacuum-fried peas treated by vacuum microwave pre-drying had the highest acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214036 Wuxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214036 Wuxi, China ; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214036 Wuxi, China
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Zaytseva OO, Gunbin KV, Mglinets AV, Kosterin OE. Divergence and population traits in evolution of the genus Pisum L. as reconstructed using genes of two histone H1 subtypes showing different phylogenetic resolution. Gene 2015; 556:235-44. [PMID: 25476028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two histone H1 subtype genes, His7 and His5, were sequenced in a set of 56 pea accessions. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated His5 and His7 sequences had three main clades. First clade corresponded to Pisum fulvum, the next divergence separated a clade inside Pisum sativum in the broad sense that did not correspond strictly to any proposed taxonomical subdivisions. According to our estimations, the earliest divergence separating P. fulvum occurred 1.7±0.4MYA. The other divergence with high bootstrap support that separated two P. sativum groups took place approximately 1.3±0.3MYA. Thus, the main divergences in the genus took place either in late Pliocene or in early Pleistocene, the time of onset of the profound climate cooling in the northern hemisphere. The ω=K(a)/K(s) ratio was 2.5 times higher for His5 sequences than for His7. Thus, His7 gene, coding for a unique subtype specific for actively growing tissues, might have evolved under stricter evolutionary constraints than His5, that codes for a minor H1 subtype with less specific expression pattern. For this reason phylogenetic reconstructions separately obtained from His5 sequences resolved tree topology much better than those obtained from His7 sequences. Computational estimation of population dynamic parameters in the genus Pisum L. from His5-His7 sequences using IMa2 software revealed a decrease of effective population size on the early stage of Pisum evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O Zaytseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Gunbin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anatoliy V Mglinets
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg E Kosterin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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