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Wang Y, Chen W, Ou Y, Zhu Y, Li J. Arabidopsis ROOT ELONGATION RECEPTOR KINASES negatively regulate root growth putatively via altering cell wall remodeling gene expression. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:1502-1513. [PMID: 35587568 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play key roles in regulating various physiological aspects in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are at least 223 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) RLKs. The functions of the majority of RLKs in the LRR XI subfamily were previously revealed. Only three RLKs were not characterized. Here we report that two independent triple mutants of these RLKs, named ROOT ELONGATION RECEPTOR KINASES (REKs), exhibit increased cell numbers in the root apical meristem and enhanced cell size in the elongation and maturation zones. The promoter activities of a number of Quiescent Center marker genes are significantly up-regulated in the triple mutant. However, the promoter activities of several marker genes known to control root stem cell niche activities are not altered. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a number of cell wall remodeling genes are significantly up-regulated in the triple mutant. Our results suggest that these REKs play key roles in regulating root development likely via negatively regulating the expression of a number of key cell wall remodeling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiyue Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Hämäläinen L, Bart G, Takabe P, Rauhala L, Deen A, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Kärkkäinen E, Kärnä R, Kumlin T, Tammi MI, Tammi RH. The calcium-activated chloride channel-associated protein rCLCA2 is expressed throughout rat epidermis, facilitates apoptosis and is downmodulated by UVB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:605-615. [PMID: 33486586 PMCID: PMC8134295 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rodent chloride channel regulatory proteins mCLCA2 and its porcine and human homologues pCLCA2 and hCLCA2 are expressed in keratinocytes but their localization and significance in the epidermis have remained elusive. hCLCA2 regulates cancer cell migration, invasion and apoptosis, and its loss predicts poor prognosis in many tumors. Here, we studied the influences of epidermal maturation and UV-irradiation (UVR) on rCLCA2 (previous rCLCA5) expression in cultured rat epidermal keratinocytes (REK) and correlated the results with mCLCA2 expression in mouse skin in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the influence of rCLCA2 silencing on UVR-induced apoptosis. rClca2 mRNA was strongly expressed in REK cells, and its level in organotypic cultures remained unchanged during the epidermal maturation process from a single cell layer to fully differentiated, stratified cultures. Immunostaining confirmed its uniform localization throughout the epidermal layers in REK cultures and in rat skin. A single dose of UVR modestly downregulated rClca2 expression in organotypic REK cultures. The immunohistochemical staining showed that CLCA2 localized in basal and spinous layers also in mouse skin, and repeated UVR induced its partial loss. Interestingly, silencing of rCLCA2 reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by UVR, suggesting that by facilitating apoptosis, CLCA2 may protect keratinocytes against the risk of malignancy posed by UVB-induced corrupt DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hämäläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - G Bart
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L Rauhala
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Deen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Kärnä
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Kumlin
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R H Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, N70211, Kuopio, Finland
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