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Azoad Ahnaf SM, Saha S, Frost S, Atiqur Rahaman GM. Understanding and interpreting CNN's decision in optical coherence tomography-based AMD detection. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:803-815. [PMID: 37671441 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231199126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Automated assessment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained significant research attention in recent years. Though a list of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods has been proposed recently, methods that uncover the decision-making process of CNNs or critically interpret CNNs' decisions in the context are scant. This study aims to bridge this research gap. METHODS We independently trained several state-of-the-art CNN models, namely, VGG16, VGG19, Xception, ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2 for AMD detection and applied CNN visualization techniques, namely, Grad-CAM, Grad-CAM++, Score CAM, Faster Score CAM to highlight the regions of interest utilized by the CNNs in the context. Retinal layer segmentation methods were also developed to explore how the CNN regions of interest related to the layers of the retinal structure. Extensive experiments involving 2130 SD-OCT scans collected from Duke University were performed. RESULTS Experimental analysis shows that Outer Nuclear Layer to Inner Segment Myeloid (ONL-ISM) influences the AMD detection decision heavily as evident from the normalized intersection (NI) scores. For AMD cases the obtained average NI scores were respectively 13.13%, 17.2%, 9.7%, 10.95%, and 11.31% for VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, Xception, and Inception ResNet V2, whereas, for normal cases, these values were respectively 21.7%, 21.3%, 16.85%, 10.175% and 16%. CONCLUSION Critical analysis reveals that the ONL-ISM is the most contributing layer in determining AMD, followed by Nerve Fiber Layer to Inner Plexiform Layer (NFL-IPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Azoad Ahnaf
- Computational Color and Spectral Image Analysis Lab, Computer Science and Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Saha
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Perth, Australia
| | - Shaun Frost
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Perth, Australia
| | - G M Atiqur Rahaman
- Computational Color and Spectral Image Analysis Lab, Computer Science and Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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Hashemi A, Nabovati P, Mortazavi A, Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in a general elderly population; Tehran geriatric eye study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38532398 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the distribution of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and its associated demographic, ocular, and systemic factors in an elderly population. METHODS This report is part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES); a population-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on the urban elderly population of Tehran, aged 60 years and above using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. Choroidal imaging was performed using Spectralis SD-OCT with enhanced depth imaging mode. RESULTS The average SFCT was 265.3 ± 25.9 μm (95% CI: 262.8-267.7) in the whole sample. According to the multiple generalized estimating equation (GEE) model, pseudophakia had a statistically significant direct relationship with SFCT (coefficient = 5.69), and history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was significantly inversely related to SFCT (coefficient=-4.77). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between age and sex in the average SFCT so that with increasing age, the SFCT increased in men and decreased in women. CONCLUSION The normal values of SFCT in the present study can be used as a reference database for clinical and research purposes. Age-sex interaction, pseudophakia, and history of CVA were significantly associated with SFCT in the elderly population. It is recommended that these factors be taken into account when interpreting SFCT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Mortazavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, Norte-Muñoz M, Vidal-Villegas B, Bravo I, Boluda-Ruiz M, Bernal-Garro JM, Fernandez-Bueno I, Pastor-Jimeno JC, Villegas-Pérez MP, Avilés-Trigueros M, de Los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M. Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1335176. [PMID: 38415017 PMCID: PMC10898249 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1335176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate, the neuroprotective effects of a new Gramine derivative named: ITH12657, in a model of retinal excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA. Methods Adult Sprague Dawley rats received an intravitreal injection of 100 mM NMDA in their left eye and were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of ITH12657 or vehicle. The best dose-response, therapeutic window study, and optimal treatment duration of ITH12657 were studied. Based on the best survival of Brn3a + RGCs obtained from the above-mentioned studies, the protective effects of ITH12657 were studied in vivo (retinal thickness and full-field Electroretinography), and ex vivo by quantifying the surviving population of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGCs and their subtypes α-ONsRGCs, α-ONtRGCs, and α-OFFRGCs. Results Administration of 10 mg/kg ITH12657, starting 12 h before NMDA injection and dispensed for 3 days, resulted in the best significant protection of Brn3a + RGCs against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In vivo, ITH12657-treated rats showed significant preservation of retinal thickness and functional protection against NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity. Ex vivo results showed that ITH12657 afforded a significant protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity for the populations of Brn3a + RGC, αRGC, and αONs-RGC, but not for the population of αOFF-RGC, while the population of α-ONtRGC was fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of ITH12657 at 10 mg/kg, initiated 12 h before NMDA-induced retinal injury and continued for 3 days, resulted in the best protection of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGC, and αONs-RGC against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. The population of αOFF-RGCs was extremely sensitive while α-ONtRGCs were fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Boluda-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Iván Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor-Jimeno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Oltmann J, Morell M, Dakroub M, Verma-Fuehring R, Hillenkamp J, Loewen N. VEGF-A-induced changes in distal outflow tract structure and function. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:537-543. [PMID: 37831170 PMCID: PMC10844149 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in distal outflow tract vessels caused by VEGF-A and their impact on outflow. METHODS We compared VEGF-A perfused porcine anterior segments with and without trabecular meshwork (TM) to control eyes. In the first experiment (n=48), we analyzed live changes of the outflow tract with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) over 3 h and reconstructed them in 3D. In a second experiment (n=32), we measured the intraocular pressure (IOP) variation in response to VEGF-A over 48 h and computed the outflow facility. RESULTS VEGF-A increased the vessel volume of the distal outflow tract by 16.8±10.6% while control eyes remained unchanged (0.5±6.8%). Volume changes occurred within the first 100 min before plateauing at 140 min. VEGF-A enhanced the outflow facility in eyes without TM by 38.6±25.5% at 24 h as compared to controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSION VEGF-A dilated vessels of the distal outflow tract and increased the outflow facility even after TM removal, pointing to a regulatory mechanism independent of proximal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Oltmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mark Morell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Dakroub
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Raoul Verma-Fuehring
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jost Hillenkamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Loewen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- ARTEMIS Eye Centers of Frankfurt, Hanauer Landstr. 147, 60314, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Pauleikhoff L, Weisschuh N, Lentzsch A, Spital G, Krohne TU, Agostini H, Lange CAK. Clinical characteristics of gyrate atrophy compared with a gyrate atrophy-like retinal phenotype. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:79-88. [PMID: 37218157 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231178147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gyrate atrophy (GA) is a rare retinal dystrophy due to biallelic pathogenic variants in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene, causing a 10-fold increase in plasma ornithine levels. It is characterized by circular patches of chorioretinal atrophy. However, a GA-like retinal phenotype (GALRP) without elevated ornithine levels has also been reported. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of GA and GALRP and to identify possible discriminators. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective chart review was performed at three German referral centres on patient records between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2021. Records were screened for patients affected by GA or GALRP. Only patients with examination results for plasma ornithine levels and / or genetic testing of the OAT gene were included. Further clinical data was gathered where available. RESULTS Ten patients (5 female) were included in the analysis. Three suffered from GA, while seven had a GALRP. Mean age (± SD) at onset of symptoms was 12.3 (± 3.5) years for GA compared with 46.7 (± 14.0) years for GALRP patients (p = 0.002). Mean degree of myopia was higher in GA (-8.0 dpt. ± 3.6) compared to GALRP patients (-3.8 dpt. ± 4.8, p = 0.04). Interestingly, all GA patients showed macular oedema, while only one GALRP patient did. Only one patient with GALRP had a positive family history, while two were immunosuppressed. DISCUSSION Age of onset, refraction and presence of macular cystoid cavities appear to be discriminators between GA and GALRP. GALRP may encompass both genetic and non-genetic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pauleikhoff
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Lentzsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Spital
- St. Franziskus Eye Center, Münster, Germany
| | - T U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Agostini
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Koc H, Ozen S. Does occupational radiation exposure affect retinal nerve fiber thickness? Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4831-4836. [PMID: 37840074 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the thickness of peripapillary nerve fibers in radiation-exposed healthcare workers. METHODS The study included 60 radiation-exposed healthcare workers and 60 healthy control groups. SD-OCT was used to measure mean peripapillary RNFL thickness along with peripapillary RNFL thickness in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal quadrants. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects participating in the study was 37 ± 6.3 (range 25-50) in the radiation-exposed group and 38 ± 4.9 (range 26-48) in the control group. The mean duration of exposure to radiation in healthcare workers was 11 ± 5 years (range 5-27). While the mean total rim thickness was 94.25 ± 8.2 in the radiation-exposed group, it was 102.8 ± 7.4 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean superior rim thickness was 123.93 ± 15.13 in the radiation-exposed group, while it was measured as 129.75 ± 14.64 in the control group (p = 0.34). While the mean inferior rim thickness was 110.88 ± 13.43 in the group exposed to radiation, it was 130.08 ± 13.44 in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean nasal rim thickness was 70.25 ± 9.50 in the group exposed to radiation, while it was 75.38 ± 13.77 in the control group (p = 0.46). While the mean temporal rim thickness was 71.77 ± 8.73 in the group exposed to radiation, it was measured as 75.78 ± 13.15 in the control group (p = 0.52). Significant thinning of nerve fiber thickness was found statistically significant in all and especially the inferior quadrants of the healthcare workers exposed to radiation compared to the control group. CONCLUSION After at least 5 years of radiation exposure, the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibers may decrease in healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Koc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Mehmet İzmen Street, No: 145, 28100, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Ozen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Mehmet İzmen Street, No: 145, 28100, Giresun, Turkey
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Noor M, McGrath O, Drira I, Aslam T. Retinal Microvasculature Image Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. J Imaging 2023; 9:234. [PMID: 37998081 PMCID: PMC10672226 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) studies have demonstrated retinal microvascular changes in patients post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, reflecting retinal-systemic microvasculature homology. Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) entails persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we investigated the retinal microvasculature in PCS patients using OCT-angiography and analysed the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness via spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT). Conducted at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK, this cross-sectional study compared 40 PCS participants with 40 healthy controls, who underwent ophthalmic assessments, SD-OCT, and OCT-A imaging. OCT-A images from the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were analysed using an in-house specialised software, OCT-A vascular image analysis (OCTAVIA), measuring the mean large vessel and capillary intensity, vessel density, ischaemia areas, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and circularity. RNFL and GCL thickness was measured using the OCT machine's software. Retinal evaluations occurred at an average of 15.2 ± 6.9 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection in PCS participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences between the PCS and control groups in the OCT-A parameters or RNFL and GCL thicknesses, indicating that no long-term damage ensued in the vascular bed or retinal layers within our cohort, providing a degree of reassurance for PCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Noor
- Department of Eye Research, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Orlaith McGrath
- Department of Eye Research, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ines Drira
- Department of Eye Research, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Ophtalmologie Département, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Tariq Aslam
- Department of Eye Research, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Occelli LM, Jones BW, Cervantes TJ, Petersen-Jones SM. Metabolic changes and retinal remodeling in Heterozygous CRX mutant cats (CRX RDY/+). Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109630. [PMID: 37625575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
CRX is a transcription factor essential for normal photoreceptor development and survival. The CRXRdy cat has a naturally occurring truncating mutation in CRX and is a large animal model for dominant Leber congenital amaurosis. This study investigated retinal remodeling that occurs as photoreceptors degenerate. CRXRdy/+ cats from 6 weeks to 10 years of age were investigated. In vivo structural changes of retinas were analyzed by fundus examination, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Histologic analyses included immunohistochemistry for computational molecular phenotyping with macromolecules and small molecules. Affected cats had a cone-led photoreceptor degeneration starting in the area centralis. Initially there was preservation of inner retinal cells such as bipolar, amacrine and horizontal cells but with time migration of the deafferented neurons occurred. Early in the process of degeneration glial activation occurs ultimately resulting in formation of a glial seal. With progression the macula-equivalent area centralis developed severe atrophy including loss of retinal pigmentary epithelium. Microneuroma formation occured in advanced stages as more marked retinal remodeling occurred. This study indicates that retinal degeneration in the CrxRdy/+ cat retina follows the progressive, phased revision of retina that have been previously described for retinal remodeling. These findings suggest that therapy dependent on targeting inner retinal cells may be useful in young adults with preserved inner retinas prior to advanced stages of retinal remodeling and neuronal cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Occelli
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Taylor J Cervantes
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Strzalkowski P, Schuster AK, Strzalkowska A, Steinberg JS, Dithmar S. Semi-automated quantification of vitreal hyperreflective foci in SD-OCT and their relevance in patients with peripheral retinal breaks. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37460946 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal breaks (RB) are emergencies that require treatment to prevent progression of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Vitreal hyperreflective foci (VHF) representing migration of RPE cell clusters or interphotoreceptor matrix from the RB are potential biomarkers. The aim of this study is to investigate VHF in RB-patients using SD-OCT. METHODS The retrospective cross-sectional study included RB patients from our Department of Ophthalmology, HSK Wiesbaden who underwent macular SD-OCT (SPECTRALIS®, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) on both eyes. VHF, defined and quantified as foci that differ markedly in size and reflectivity from the background speckle pattern, were assessed for presence and frequency. The RB-affected eyes were the study group (G1), the partner eyes the control group (G2). RESULTS 160 consecutive patients with RB were included. Age was 60 ± 10.2 years (52% female). 89.4% of G1 and 87.5% of G2 were phakic (p = 0.73). 94.4% (n = 151) were symptomatic. Symptom duration was 8.0 ± 10.1 days in G1, 94.4% (n = 151) showed VHF versus 5.6% (p < 0.0001) in G2, of which 75% (n = 6) showed asymptomatic lattice degenerations. Detectable VHF showed a strong association of OR = 320 (95% CI, 110-788, p < 0.0001)) with respect to symptomatic RB. Sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 94.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most eyes with symptomatic RB show vitreal VHF in SD-OCT. Detected VHF are strongly associated with RB, and our semi-automated greyscale reflectivity analysis indicates that VHF likely originate from photoreceptor complexes torn out of the RB area that migrate into the vitreous cavity. The presence of VHF may indicate RB and should lead to a thorough fundus examination in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Strzalkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helios HSK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - A K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Strzalkowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J S Steinberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helios HSK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - S Dithmar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helios HSK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Tsissios G, Theodoroudis-Rapp G, Chen W, Sallese A, Smucker B, Ernst L, Chen J, Xu Y, Ratvasky S, Wang H, Del Rio-Tsonis K. Characterizing the lens regeneration process in Pleurodeles waltl. Differentiation 2023; 132:15-23. [PMID: 37055300 PMCID: PMC10493237 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and regeneration are heavily linked processes. While it is generally accepted that regenerative capacity declines with age, some vertebrates, such as newts, can bypass the deleterious effects of aging and successfully regenerate a lens throughout their lifetime. RESULTS Here, we used Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) to monitor the lens regeneration process of larvae, juvenile, and adult newts. While all three life stages were able to regenerate a lens through transdifferentiation of the dorsal iris pigment epithelial cells (iPECs), an age-related change in the kinetics of the regeneration process was observed. Consistent with these findings, iPECs from older animals exhibited a delay in cell cycle re-entry. Furthermore, it was observed that clearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was delayed in older organisms. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that although lens regeneration capacity does not decline throughout the lifespan of newts, the intrinsic and extrinsic cellular changes associated with aging alter the kinetics of this process. By understanding how these changes affect lens regeneration in newts, we can gain important insights for restoring the age-related regeneration decline observed in most vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Weihao Chen
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Lake Ernst
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Junfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Yiqi Xu
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sophia Ratvasky
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
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Chatzistergiou V, Tzamalis A, Diafas A, Oustoglou E, Mataftsi A, Tsinopoulos I, Ziakas N. Repeatability of corneal pachymetry and epithelial thickness measurements with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD-OCT) and correlation to ocular surface parameters. Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-023-02713-2. [PMID: 37097425 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the repeatability of corneal pachymetry and epithelial thickness measurements with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and identify correlations between epithelial thickness and ocular surface parameters. METHODS Adults who happened to have prolonged computer use were recruited, excluding those with conditions interfering with corneal measurements or tear production. All subjects filled in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Three consecutive measurements of central and peripheral corneal and epithelial thickness were performed with SD-OCT (RTVue XR). Schirmer test I and tear film break-up time (TBUT) were performed. Repeatability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation and repeatability limit. Spearman correlation was used for non-parametric variables. RESULTS 113 eyes of 63 subjects were included in the study. ICC was ≥ 0.989 for all corneal and ≥ 0.944 for all epithelial pachymetry segments. The best repeatability was found centrally and the worst superiorly both for corneal and epithelial measurements. Central epithelial thickness was weakly correlated with Schirmer test I (rho = 0.21), TBUT (rho = 0.02), OSDI symptoms and OSDI score (rho <|0.32|). OSDI symptoms and OSDI score were weakly correlated with Schirmer test I (rho <|0.3|) and TBUT (rho <|0.34|). CONCLUSION RTVue XR measurements of corneal and epithelial thickness are highly repeatable in all segments. The lack of correlation between epithelial thickness and ocular surface parameters could suggest the assessment of epithelial integrity with reliable methods such as SD-OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Chatzistergiou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Argyrios Tzamalis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Diafas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Oustoglou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsinopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Kurysheva NI, Nikitina AD. [Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography for detecting glaucoma progression. Part 1. Study methods, measurement variability and the role of age-related changes]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:122-128. [PMID: 36924524 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2023139011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis of glaucoma and considers the significance of evaluating retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in assessment of glaucoma progression, variability and reproducibility of the method, as well as the influence of age-related retinal changes on the results, analyzes the role of OCTA in glaucoma monitoring. Optical coherence tomography is a modern standard for glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring, and OCTA shows high potential as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Kurysheva
- Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia.,Ophthalmological Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency - Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Nikitina
- Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia.,Ophthalmological Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency - Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Celebi ARC, Bulut E, Sezer A. Artificial intelligence based detection of age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography with unique image preprocessing. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:65-73. [PMID: 35469472 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221096294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to improve the accuracy of age related macular degeneration (AMD) disease in its earlier phases with proposed Capsule Network (CapsNet) architecture trained on speckle noise reduced spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images based on an optimized Bayesian non-local mean (OBNLM) filter augmentation techniques. METHODS A total of 726 local SD-OCT images were collected and labelled as 159 drusen, 145 dry AMD, 156 wet AMD and 266 normal. Region of interest (ROI) was identified. Speckle noise in SD-OCT images were reduced based on OBNLM filter. The processed images were fed to proposed CapsNet architecture to clasify SD-OCT images. Accuracy rates were calculated in both public and local dataset. RESULTS Accuracy rate of local SD-OCT image dataset classification was achieved to a value of 96.39% after performing data augmentation and speckle noise reduction with OBNLM. The performance of proposed CapsNet was also evaluated on the public Kaggle dataset under the same processing procedures and the accuracy rate was calculated as 98.07%. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 96.72% and 99.98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The classification success of proposed CapsNet may be improved with robust pre-processing steps like; determination of ROI and denoised SD-OCT images based on OBNLM. These impactful image preprocessing steps yielded higher accuracy rates for determining different types of AMD including its precursor lesion on the both local and public dataset with proposed CapsNet architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Riza Cenk Celebi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Bulut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beylikduzu Public Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Sezer
- United'Informatique et d'Ingenierie des Systemes, 52849ENSTA-ParisTech, Universite de Paris-Saclay, Villefranche Sur Mer, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur, France
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14
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Gersch J, Hufendiek K, Delarocque J, Framme C, Jacobsen C, Stöhr H, Kellner U, Hufendiek K. Investigation of Structural Alterations in Inherited Retinal Diseases: A Quantitative SD-OCT-Analysis of Retinal Layer Thicknesses in Light of Underlying Genetic Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16007. [PMID: 36555650 PMCID: PMC9788460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases can result from various genetic defects and are one of the leading causes for blindness in the working-age population. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive description of changes in retinal structure associated with phenotypic disease entities and underlying genetic mutations. Full macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were obtained and manually segmented in 16 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, 7 patients with cone−rod dystrophy, and 7 patients with Stargardt disease, as well as 23 age- and sex-matched controls without retinal disease, to assess retinal layer thicknesses. As indicated by generalized least squares models, all IRDs were associated with retinal thinning (p < 0.001), especially of the outer nuclear layer (ONL, p < 0.001). Except for the retinal nerve fiber layer, such thinning was associated with a reduced visual acuity (p < 0.001). These advances in our understanding of ultrastructural retinal changes are important for the development of gene-, cell-, and optogenetic therapy. Longitudinal studies are warranted to describe the temporal component of those changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gersch
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Hufendiek
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Clinic for Horses, University Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Jacobsen
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kellner
- Center for Rare Retinal Diseases, AugenZentrum Siegburg, MVZ Augenärztliches Diagnostik- und Therapiecentrum Siegburg GmbH, Europaplatz 3, 53721 Siegburg, Germany
- RetinaScience, P.O. Box 301212, 53192 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karsten Hufendiek
- University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Dutta A, Thulasidas M, Sasidharan A, Pradeep B, Rajesh Prabu V. Comparison of peripapillary capillary plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal nerve fibre layer analysis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspects, and healthy subjects. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4146-4151. [PMID: 36453303 PMCID: PMC9940553 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1456_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association between radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, glaucoma suspects, and healthy subjects. Methods In this single-centre cross-sectional observational study, POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy patients underwent OCT-RNFL and optic nerve head angiography scans. The RNFL thickness and the vascular parameters obtained from RPC plexus, including perfusion density (PD), flux index (FI), and vessel density (VD), were analysed. Results In all, 120 eyes of 120 patients, including 40 POAG patients, 40 glaucoma suspects, and 40 healthy subjects, were included. The pairwise comparison of mean RNFL thickness, FI, and VD showed significant difference (P < 0.001) in all sectors between POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy eyes. However, PD showed no significant difference between glaucoma suspects and healthy eyes. The average RNFL thickness was found to have a better diagnostic ability than VD to distinguish POAG eyes from healthy eyes and glaucoma suspects based on receiver operating characteristics curve and area under the curve. VD had better diagnostic accuracy than RNFL when glaucoma suspects and healthy were compared. Conclusion OCT-RNFL has better diagnostic capability in differentiating glaucoma from healthy eyes compared to OCTA. However, OCTA was found to be better in screening out glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes. The VD is a better OCTA parameter than FI and PD to differentiate POAG and glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Dutta
- Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Ananya Dutta, Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Sathy Road, Sivanandapuram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu – 641 035, India. E-mail:
| | - Mithun Thulasidas
- Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajita Sasidharan
- Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balam Pradeep
- Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Rajesh Prabu
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismology, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Thiele S, Wu Z, Isselmann B, Pfau M, Guymer RH, Luu CD. Natural History of the Relative Ellipsoid Zone Reflectivity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:1165-72. [PMID: 35709960 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity (rEZR) has been reported to be reduced in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). However, longitudinal changes in rEZR remain unknown. This study investigated the natural history of rEZR in iAMD and its association with risk factors for disease progression, including the presence or extent of drusen volume, reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), and pigmentary abnormalities (PAs). DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. PARTICIPANTS Subjects with bilateral large drusen. METHODS Spectral-domain (SD) OCT images of both eyes from each participant were obtained every 6 months for 3 years. Using an automated rEZR determination approach, the average rEZR of the central 20° macula was determined for each SD-OCT volume scan. Linear mixed models were used to determine the rate of change in rEZR with age (using the cross-sectional data at baseline) and over time (longitudinal data) and the interactions between the rate of rEZR changes with AMD risk factors at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity and its rate of change with age and over time. RESULTS A total of 280 eyes from 140 individuals with bilateral large drusen were included in this study. Cross-sectional data showed that rEZR reduced with increasing age (-8.4 arbitrary units [AUs] per decade; 95% confidence interval [CI], -11.5 to -5.2; P < 0.001). Longitudinal data showed that, on average, rEZR declined at a rate of -2.1 AU per year (95% CI, -2.6 to -1.6 AU per year; P < 0.001). Larger RPD area (P = 0.042) at baseline was associated with a faster rate of rEZR decline over time, whereas the presence of PAs and the drusen volume at baseline showed no significant association with rEZR decline over time (P = 0.068 and P = 0.529, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The rEZR significantly reduces over 3 years in subjects with iAMD, and both the presence and increasing extent of coexistent RPD at baseline are associated with a faster rate of decline. These findings warrant further studies to understand the value of rEZR as a biomarker of AMD progression.
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Sen P, Shah C, Sachdeva M, Sen A, More A, Jain E. Central macular thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography after cataract surgery in pediatric population. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:4331-4336. [PMID: 36453340 PMCID: PMC9940572 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1114_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a pediatric population. Methods This was a longitudinal, prospective, interventional study which included 90 pediatric patients who underwent cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Serial SD-OCT scans were done at postoperative day 1, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up. CMT and SFCT were measured at each visit. Results A statistically significant increase in CMT was noted at 1 month (from 199.3 μm to 210.04 μm) post surgery, which declined over a 3-month period (202.70 μm, P = 0.0001). In case of SFCT, a constant increase was observed for over 3 months of follow-up (baseline: 296.52 μm; 1 month: 309.04 μm; and 3 months: 319.03 μm, P = 0.0001). The traumatic cataract group showed more pronounced changes in CMT and SFCT than the non-traumatic cataract group. No significant difference was observed regarding these parameters between those who underwent primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) versus those who did not. None of the patients in the study group developed cystoid macular edema. These posterior segment-related anatomical changes did not affect the final visual outcomes. Conclusion Cataract surgery induces potential inflammatory changes in the macula and choroid in pediatric patients. Such changes are more pronounced in trauma-related cases; however, they are not significant enough to affect the visual outcomes. Similarly, the additional surgical step of PPC does not induce significant anatomical or functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhnya Sen
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chintan Shah
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Chintan Shah, Children Eye Care Center, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Mani Sachdeva
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Sen
- Department of Retina and Uvea, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amruta More
- Department of Retina and Uvea, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Elesh Jain
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Jankikund, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
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18
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Oncel D, Manafi N, Nittala MG, Velaga SB, Stambolian D, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Sadda SR. Effect of OCT B-Scan Density on Sensitivity for Detection of Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1294-1299. [PMID: 35603911 PMCID: PMC10350297 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of reducing the density of B-scans in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume on the sensitivity for detecting intraretinal hyperreflective foci (IHRF) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A total of 165 eyes with intermediate AMD and IHRF were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. For each case, Cirrus HD-OCT volumes were imported into the reading center 3 D-OCTOR software. The number of IHRF cases was assessed based on all 128 B-scans (spaced 47 μm apart), using a categorical scale (graded as 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and >20). Additionally, the B-scan densities in the volume were lowered to 64 B-scans (spaced 94 μm apart), 43 B-scans (spaced 140 μm apart), and 32 B-scans (spaced 188 μm apart). The number of eyes with any IHRF and the numerical category of IHRF in the eye were used to compare the sensitivity at each reduced B-scan density against the reference 128 B-scan volume. RESULTS In the primary analysis for the qualitative presence or absence of any IHRF, the sensitivity decreased to 98.2% (p = .32) with 64 B-scans, 92.7% (p = .001) with 43 B-scans, and 75.2% (p = .001) with 32 B-scans, compared with the 128 B-scan reference. With regard to the number of IHRF per eye, there was a significant difference (with a lower level chosen on the scale) when the B-scan density was reduced to 43 or 32 B-scans (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Increasing the inter-B-scan spacing from 47 to 188 microns significantly reduced the ability to accurately determine whether IHRF were present in an eye. An increase in inter-B-scan spacing to 140 microns was associated with a significant misclassification of the IHRF quantity. These findings may be relevant in the design of OCT scanning protocols for studies utilizing these biomarkers for AMD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Oncel
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Navid Manafi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Muneeswar Gupta Nittala
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swetha Bindu Velaga
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - SriniVas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Jeong Y, Kang S, Ahn J, Kim S, Kim H, Park J, Seo K. Assessment of corneal and limbal epithelial thickness by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26 Suppl 1:89-97. [PMID: 35904513 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the variance in corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and limbal epithelial thickness (LET) according to the age and skull type by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal dogs. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES This study used an eye each from 46 dogs (24 brachycephalic and 22 non-brachycephalic dogs) assessed to have clear corneas. Each dog was classified according to age into groups 1 (0-5 years), 2 (6-10 years), and 3 (>11 years). OCT imaging was performed on the central cornea for CET and perpendicular to the quadrant of the limbus for LET. The average of the maximum LET (maxLET) value was measured in four eye quadrants. RESULTS Corneal epithelial thickness was not significantly different according to age in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs. Visualization of the limbal invagination was better when the maxLET was thick. Nasal and temporal maxLETs were significantly thicker than superior and inferior maxLETs in non-brachycephalic dogs. In brachycephalic dogs, there was a significant decrease in nasal maxLET with age (rs = -0.489, p = .015). Significant differences between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs were observed in nasal maxLET (p = .024) and temporal maxLET (p = .011). CONCLUSIONS Invagination was better visualized in the nasal and temporal limbal quadrants of non-brachycephalic dogs compared with brachycephalic dogs, and the maxLETs of the regions were thicker than those of the brachycephalic dogs. CET and LET measurements using SD-OCT can help in clinical assessment and research on ocular surface diseases in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junyeong Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyelin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Luoma-Overstreet G, Jewell A, Brar V, Couser N. Occult Macular Dystrophy: a case report and major review. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:703-708. [PMID: 35765812 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2089361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult Macular Dystrophy (OMD), a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa 1-like protein 1 gene (RP1L1), is characterized by loss of central visual acuity in the absence of fundoscopic abnormalities. In patients suspected of having OMD based on unexplained central vision loss and/or photophobia, changes may be detected with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Subsequently, the diagnosis can be confirmed with genetic analysis.We report a case of an 18-year-old White male whose suspected diagnosis of OMD was confirmed by molecular testing. We conducted an extensive review of the literature of previously reported patients with OMD to date. METHODS A PubMed search of "RP1L1 and Occult Macular Dystrophy" revealed 34 papers. There were 225 individuals with genetically confirmed, symptomatic OMD; an additional 15 had a confirmed mutation but were asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. RESULTS Our patient presented with a 10-year history of unexplained loss of central visual acuity and photophobia. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of a p.R45W substitution on the RP1L1 gene, the most common pathologic mutation in OMD. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of appreciable fundoscopic changes, correct identification of the disease can be difficult. Incomplete penetrance has been associated with the condition, and the age of onset is highly variable. Much of the research discussing OMD has come from Eastern Asia, but whether this is due to a heightened awareness and screening protocols, or increased incidence is unclear. Additional research and increased awareness globally will help with more timely and accurate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Jewell
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vikram Brar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Natario Couser
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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21
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Petersen-Jones SM, Pasmanter N, Occelli LM, Gervais KJ, Mowat FM, Querubin J, Winkler PA. An unusual inherited electroretinogram feature with an exaggerated negative component in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:385-397. [PMID: 35713167 PMCID: PMC9540982 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess an inherited abnormal negative response electroretinogram (NRE) that originated in a family of Papillon dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirty-eight dogs (Papillons, or Papillon cross Beagles or Beagles). PROCEDURES Dogs underwent routine ophthalmic examination and a detailed dark-adapted, light-adapted and On-Off electroretinographic study. Vision was assessed using a four-choice exit device. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed on a subset of dogs. Two affected males were outcrossed to investigate the mode of inheritance of the phenotype. RESULTS The affected dogs had an increased underlying negative component to the ERG. This was most pronounced in the light-adapted ERG, resulting in a reduced b-wave and an exaggerated photopic negative response (PhNR). Changes were more pronounced with stronger flashes. Similarly, the On-response of the On-Off ERG had a reduced b-wave and a large post-b-wave negative component. The dark-adapted ERG had a significant increase in the scotopic threshold response (STR) and a significant reduction in the b:a-wave ratio. Significant changes could be detected at 2 months of age but became more pronounced with age. Vision testing using a four-choice device showed affected dogs had reduced visual performance under the brightest light condition. There was no evidence of a degenerative process in the affected dogs up to 8.5 years of age. Test breeding results suggested the NRE phenotype had an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS We describe an inherited ERG phenotype in Papillon dogs characterized by an underlying negative component affecting both dark- and light-adapted ERG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nate Pasmanter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristen J Gervais
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,South Shore Animal Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Janice Querubin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Paige A Winkler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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22
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Mischi E, Soukup P, Harman CD, Oikawa K, Kowalska ME, Hartnack S, McLellan GJ, Komáromy AM, Pot SA. Outer retinal thickness and visibility of the choriocapillaris in four distinct retinal regions imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in dogs and cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25 Suppl 1:122-135. [PMID: 35611616 PMCID: PMC9246961 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the outer retinal band thickness and choriocapillaris (CC) visibility in four distinct retinal regions in dogs and cats imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). To attempt delineation of a fovea‐like region in canine and feline SD‐OCT scans, aided by the identification of outer retinal thickness differences between retinal regions. Methods Spectralis® HRA + OCT SD‐OCT scans from healthy, anesthetized dogs (n = 10) and cats (n = 12) were analyzed. Scanlines on which the CC was identifiable were counted and CC visibility was scored. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and the distances from external limiting membrane (ELM) to retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane complex (RPE/BM) and ELM to CC were measured in the area centralis (AC), a visually identified fovea‐like region, and in regions superior and inferior to the optic nerve head (ONH). Measurements were analyzed using a multilevel regression. Results The CC was visible in over 90% of scanlines from dogs and cats. The ONL was consistently thinnest in the fovea‐like region. The outer retina (ELM‐RPE and ELM‐CC) was thickest within the AC compared with superior and inferior to the ONH in dogs and cats (p < .001 for all comparisons). Conclusions The CC appears a valid, albeit less than ideal outer retinal boundary marker in tapetal species. The AC can be objectively differentiated from the surrounding retina on SD‐OCT images of dogs and cats; a fovea‐like region was identified in dogs and its presence was suggested in cats. These findings allow targeted imaging and image evaluation of these regions of retinal specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mischi
- Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Soukup
- Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine D Harman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kazuya Oikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Malwina E Kowalska
- Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Simon A Pot
- Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Samadi S, Mohazzab M, Dargahi J, Narayanswamy S. Design of a Linear Wavenumber Spectrometer for Line Scanning Optical Coherence Tomography with 50 mm Focal Length Cylindrical Optics. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22093278. [PMID: 35590968 PMCID: PMC9104028 DOI: 10.3390/s22093278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has a wide range of uses in bioimaging and nondestructive testing. Larger bandwidth light sources have recently been implemented to enhance measurement resolution. Increased bandwidth has a negative impact on spectral nonlinearity in k space, notably in the case of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). This nonlinearity reduces the depth-dependent signal sensitivity of the spectrometers. A grating and prism combination is extensively used for linearizing. In an earlier study, we used a combination of the reflective grating and prism, as well as a cylindrical mirror with a radius of 180 mm, to achieve a high SR ratio with low nonlinearity. A creative design for a spectrometer with a cylindrical mirror of radius 50 mm, a light source with a center wavelength of 830 ± 100 nm (μm−1 − 6.756 μm−1 in k-space), and a grating of 1600 lines/mm is presented in this work. The design optimization is performed using MATLAB and ZEMAX. In the proposed design, the nonlinearity error reduced from 157∘× μm to 10.75∘× μm within the wavenumber range considered. The sensitivity research revealed that, with the new design, the SR ratio is extremely sensitive to the imaging optics’ angles. To resolve this, a spectrometer based on Grism is introduced. We present a Grism-based spectrometer with an optimized SR ratio of 0.97 and nonlinearity of 0.792∘× μm (Δθ/Δk). According to the sensitivity study, the Grism-based spectrometer is more robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevin Samadi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering (MIAE), Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada; (S.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Masoud Mohazzab
- Seurat Technologies Inc., 70 Chestnut st, Andover, MA 01810, USA;
| | - Javad Dargahi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering (MIAE), Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada; (S.S.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sivakumar Narayanswamy
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering (MIAE), Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada; (S.S.); (S.N.)
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Verghese S, Berkowitz ST, Shah VM, Shah P, Priya S, Saravanan VR, Narendran V, Selvan VA. Assessment of retinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease using spectral domain optical coherence tomography: A study in Indian eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:448-452. [PMID: 35086214 PMCID: PMC9023951 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1409_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the retinal manifestations of Parkinson’s disease using optical coherence tomography. Methods: A prospective case-control study comparing 30 eyes from 15 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 22 eyes from 11 healthy age-matched controls. Total macular subfield thickness and the thickness of the ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: The mean age of PD patients was 68.4 years ± 10.64 (range: 46–82) and in the control group was 66.36 ± 5.22 (range: 64–68). The average disease duration in patients with PD was 6.7 ± 2.8 years (range: 2–10 years). The mean best-corrected visual acuity in PD was 20/26 and 20/20 in controls, with P = 0.0059, which was significant. Significant difference was also found in the contrast sensitivity between both groups. Structural differences in the central macular thickness (P = 0.0001), subfield thicknesses in the superior (P = 0.003), inferior (P = 0.001), nasal (P = 0.004), and temporal subfields (P = 0.017) was seen. Severe thinning of the ganglion cell layer was seen in PD patients (P = 0.000) as well as of the nerve fiber layer (P = 0.004). Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber thickness measured showed significant thinning in superotemporal (P = 0.000), superonasal (P = 0.04), inferonasal (P = 0.000), inferotemporal (P = 0.000), nasal (P = 0.000), and temporal quadrants (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Visual dysfunction was observed in patients with PD along with structural alterations on OCT, which included macular volumes, ganglion cell layer, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Verghese
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sean T Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Virna M Shah
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Priya
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veerappan R Saravanan
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatapathy Narendran
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V A Selvan
- Department of Neurology, Kovai Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Framme C, Feltgen N, Schumann R, Stichtenoth DO, Hattenbach LO. [Regression of idiopathic epiretinal membrane-Case report and consideration of the possible mechanism]. Ophthalmologe 2022. [PMID: 35076756 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a symptomatic epiretinal gliosis, pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling to remove the membrane is usually indicated in clinical practice. According to common clinical experience, almost no independent regression of such an epiretinal membrane and thus healing of the pathology alone exists. Therefore, the unusual case of bilateral independent regression of idiopathic epiretinal gliosis and formation of a lamellar macular hole in a 73-year-old male patient is described. Considerations of the possible mechanism are presented based on the existing literature. These include separation of inflammatory versus noninflammatory membranes, possible separation of individual layers depending on the status of the posterior vitreous limiting membrane and also the possible action of proteolytic systems in the posterior vitreous region. Finally, the question arises, whether patients have to be informed about this fact before possible surgery.
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Jeong Y, Kang S, Shim J, Lee E, Jeong D, Park S, Lee S, Kim SA, Seo K. The feasibility of clinical evaluation for anterior uveitis through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25 Suppl 1:111-121. [PMID: 34793607 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical application of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for anterior uveitis in dogs. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES Client-owned dogs presenting with anterior uveitis and clinically healthy dogs were enrolled in this study. Included eyes were divided into 5 groups by flare grade and 3 groups by cell grade through slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Each eye was examined using SD-OCT following slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The ratio of aqueous signal intensity to air signal intensity, which is called the aqueous-to-air relative intensity (ARI) index, was used to evaluate the flare grade. Cell number, central corneal thickness (CCT), and the presence of keratic precipitates (KPs) were analyzed on SD-OCT. The OCT parameters, including ARI index, cell number, and CCT, were compared to the slit-lamp clinical flare and cell grade. RESULTS Thirty-six eyes with anterior uveitis and 27 healthy eyes were enrolled. The ARI index showed a significant correlation with clinical flare grade (rs = 0.811, p < .001). In multiple regression analysis, the ARI index and CCT showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.258, p = .044). The number of cells on SD-OCT significantly increased with cell grade on slit-lamp biomicroscopy (rs = 0.653, p < .001). The clinical flare grade and CCT were significantly correlated in the partial correlation analysis after controlling for age (partial correlation coefficient = 0.471, p = .002). KPs were observed in 61% of the eyes with flare using SD-OCT (22/36 eyes). CONCLUSIONS Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography could provide quantitative information, including the ARI index, cell counts, and CCT in dogs. SD-OCT is an auxiliary modality for slit-lamp biomicroscopy when evaluating anterior uveitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Shim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dajeong Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songhui Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su An Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Afify MEHM, Abdelgawad RHA, Hamdi MM, El-Shazly AAEF, Abdelshafik MA. Multifocal visual evoked potential for evaluation of open-angle glaucoma. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2021; 10:114-120. [PMID: 37641709 PMCID: PMC10460219 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To correlate multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) findings with static automated perimetry (SAP) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes with primary open- angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods This cross-sectional study included a consecutive sample of 40 eyes of 40 patients with POAG. The participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic assessment, axial length (AL) measurement, and assessments with SAP, SD-OCT, and mfVEP. Results POAG cases were aged 49.70 (14.16) years (mean [SD]) and most were females (n = 24, 60%). For eyes of patients with POAG, the mfVEP upper-ring signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) showed a significant negative correlation with best-corrected logMAR visual acuity (r = - 0.33; P = 0.038), and a significant positive correlation with the superior hemifield of the visual field (VF) and the inferior-quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (r = + 0.34; P = 0.030; r = + 0.51; P < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the mfVEP lower-ring SNR showed a significant negative correlation with best-corrected logMAR visual acuity (r = - 0.36; P = 0.024) and a significant positive correlation with the inferior hemifield of the VF and superior quadrant RNFL thickness (r = + 0.55; P < 0.001 and r = + 0.70; P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions mfVEP is a promising tool for objective assessment of the VF in patients with POAG, as it is positively correlated with the VF and OCT RNFL thickness. Future longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and a specific glaucoma subtype, along with multiple follow-up evaluations, are warranted to confirm our preliminary results.
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Shim J, Kang S, Lee E, Kim S, Park J, Kim H, Seo K. Evaluation of the upper and lower proximal lacrimal canaliculi using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in normal Beagle dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25 Suppl 1:96-102. [PMID: 34784440 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the feasibility of visualizing upper and lower proximal lacrimal canaliculi (LC) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). ANIMALS STUDIED Eight eyes of four normal Beagle dogs. PROCEDURES To obtain an upper proximal LC image, the head was turned in the opposite direction to the eye being imaged, and the medial part of the upper eyelid was everted to expose the LC. To obtain a lower LC image, the lower eyelid was everted just below the punctum. Using "angle mode", the scan line was placed parallel on the long axis of the LC. The inlet LC width (LCW) was measured. Artificial tears (AT) were instilled, and LCW was compared before and after AT instillation. Additionally, the return time to the initial LCW inlet width was recorded. RESULTS Before AT instillation, there was a significant difference between the mean upper and lower LCW (91.8 ± 3.2 µm and 110.1 ± 8.4 µm, respectively). After AT instillation, the mean upper and lower LCW were 236.9 ± 27.7 µm and 238.4 ± 30.4 µm, respectively. Significant differences in the LCW before and after AT instillation in both the upper and lower LCWs were observed. The mean return time of the upper and lower LCW to their initial widths after AT instillation was within 4 min. CONCLUSIONS Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was an effective method for providing high-resolution images of the upper and lower proximal LC. This method enables observation of LC changes after instillation of eyedrops in veterinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Friedrich JS, Bleidißel N, Nasseri A, Feucht N, Klaas J, Lohmann CP, Maier M. [iOCT in clinical use : Correlation of intraoperative morphology and postoperative visual outcome in patients with full thickness macular hole]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 119:491-496. [PMID: 34735612 PMCID: PMC9076724 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die Beurteilung der intraoperativen Veränderung der Netzhautmorphologie, insbesondere des vitreoretinalen Überganges, ist mithilfe der intraoperativen optischen Kohärenztomografie (iOCT) möglich geworden. Ziel der Arbeit Um die Bedeutung der intraoperativen Morphologie beim durchgreifenden Makulaforamen (MF) für das postoperative funktionelle Ergebnis zu evaluieren, wurde eine retrospektive, klinische Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Material und Methoden Die Netzhautmorphologie wurde in 32 Augen von 32 konsekutiven Patienten mit durchgreifendem Makulaforamen mittels iOCT zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten während der Operation beobachtet. Die Veränderungen wurden anschließend mit dem postoperativen funktionellen Ergebnis korreliert. Ergebnisse Nach Induktion der hinteren Glaskörperabhebung (HGA) reduzierte sich der Makulaforamen-Index (MHI) um −0,05 (p = 0,01), die basale Foramenbreite (FB) stieg um +99,4 μm (SD = 197,8 μm; p = 0,04). Die Verschlussrate betrug 100 % zum Zeitpunkt der ersten postoperativen Vorstellung nach im Mittel 73 Tagen, der postoperative Visus verbesserte sich signifikant (p < 0,05). Es zeigte sich eine signifikant positive Korrelation von intraoperativer Morphologie und postoperativem Ergebnis zwischen einem niedrigen MHI und einem besseren postoperativen Visus (SKK = 0,50; p = 0,02), zwischen einer großen FB und einem besseren postoperativen Visus (SKK = 0,43; p = 0,05) sowie zwischen einer breiten Apertur nach HGA und einem größeren Visusanstieg postoperativ (SKK = 0,44; p = 0,03). Diskussion Wir konnten eine Abflachung sowie eine Verbreiterung des MF durch Lösen der vitreoretinalen Zugkräfte beobachten. Aufgrund des Zusammenhangs zwischen einer großen intraoperativen FB mit einem besseren postoperativen Visus scheint die intraoperative Relaxierung der Netzhaut bedeutsam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sabina Friedrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - Nathalie Bleidißel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - Ali Nasseri
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | | | - Julian Klaas
- Augenklinik des Klinikums der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - Chris Patrick Lohmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - Mathias Maier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
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Krásný J, Magera L, Pluhovský P, Čeledová J, Holubová L. PRE-RETINOPATHY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN THE CONTEXT OF FUNCTIONAL, STRUCTURAL AND MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES IN THE MACULAR AREA. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2021; 77:170-182. [PMID: 34507493 DOI: 10.31348/2021/20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The authors assessed the development of intraocular changes in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from the onset of the disease leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The quote: “There must be an intermediate stage between the physiological intraocular finding and the diabetic retinopathy itself “, (prof. Jan Vavřinec). METHODS A two-year study (2018 and 2019) was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Teaching Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague (Czech Republic). There were 54 patients aged 17-42 years, the detection of T1DM ranged between the 1st and 14th year of life, with a duration of 12-35 years. Individual patients were always examined simultaneously by three methods: CS (contrast sensitivity), SD-OCT (spectral domain optical coherence tomography) and OCT-A (optical coherence tomography-angiography). We examined 106 eyes once and in a comprehensive manner. RESULTS We have shown that there is an intermediate stage between the physiological finding on the retina and DR, so-called diabetic pre-retinopathy (DpR). Subsequent redistribution of the observed into two DpR subgroups was derived from the size of the FAZ, either with its smaller area or with a larger area determining the microvascularity of the central area of the retina. The results of both other methods were assigned to these values. For SD-OCT, the depth of the fovea (the difference between the central retinal thickness and the total average retinal thickness) was determined, which was affected by the increased the macular cubature. In all patients it was on average 10.3 μm3. The retina in the central area was significantly strengthened compared to the healthy population at the level of significance p 0,001. We divided the actual DpR into an image: DpR1 in 26.5 % of eyes - condition with an average shallower fovea only by 21.5 μm below the level of the surrounding retina and an average narrower FAZ: 0.165 mm2 and with a more significant decrease in CS; DpR2 in 40.5 % of eyes - condition with average deeper fovea by 42 μm, i.e., more significantly and average larger FAZ: 0.325 mm2 with lower decrease of CS. At the same time, other changes in microvascularity were noted, such as disorders in the sense of non-perfusion in the central part of the retina of various degrees. This finding differed significantly from changes in already established (non-proliferative) NPDR in 36 % of eyes, when a significant decrease in CS with normal visual acuity was found 4/4 ETDRS. Statistical differences in CS between DpR1 and DpR2 and NPDR were determined - always p 0.001. The average depth of the fovea was NPDR: 29.5 μm. NPDR had the largest average FAZ: 0.56 mm2. Also significant were the most significant changes in non-perfusion and especially the presence of microaneurysms. CONCLUSIONS These three non - invasive methods helped to monitor the dynamics of the development of ocular changes in T1DM of better quality than the determination of visual acuity and ophthalmoscopic examination. Increased retinal volume induced hypoxia of visual cells with subsequent dual autoregulatory mechanism conditioning two types of diabetic pre-retinopathy before the onset of DR.
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Lopes BO, Brizido MS, Aerts F, Pina SM, Simoes PS, Miranda MI. Prognostic biomarkers of chronic diabetic macular edema treated with a fiuocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2021; 10:50-58. [PMID: 37641614 PMCID: PMC10460228 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioph-thal1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate retinal imaging biomarkers, such as disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and/or ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and functional outcomes in eyes treated with 0.2 µg/day of a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (FAc) after an insufficient response to previous treatments. Methods This was a retrospective comparative study of 18 eyes (15 patients) with persistent and/or recurrent diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with FAc. Eyes were divided according to the number of prior intravitreal treatments: group 1 (n = 8) with ≤ 6 injections (early switch) and group 2 (n = 10) with > 6 injections (late switch). Outcomes included percentage of eyes with DRIL and/or EZ disruption at baseline and analysis of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS letters, central macular thickness (CMT), DRIL, and EZ disruption at the last observation. Results Group 2 revealed a significantly higher percentage of DRIL and/or EZ disruption than group 1 (P < 0.05). At the last observation, group 1 revealed a higher percentage of eyes achieving vision stability/ improvement, gaining ≥ 15 letters, and achieving ≥70 letters (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). The mean BCVA gain was 8.8 and 0.7 letters for groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.397). Both groups revealed a significant mean CMT reduction (> 20% reduction from the baseline value), without a significant statistical difference between them (P = 0.749). After treatment, most eyes from both groups showed resolution of DRIL and EZ disruption. Conclusions Patients with DME presenting with a lower percentage of DRIL and/or EZ disruption at baseline had better functional outcomes, supporting the possible benefit of an early switch to FAc after insufficient response to previous treatments. Future randomized studies with a larger patient cohort are warranted to confirm our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florence Aerts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beatriz Angelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal
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Scuderi L, Anselmi G, Greco A, Abdolrahimzadeh B, Costa MC, Scuderi G. Early identification of keratoconus using pachymetric indexes obtained with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Clin Ter 2021; 172:347-357. [PMID: 34247218 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2021.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic ability of pachymetric indexes obtained with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) for early detection of keratoconus (Kc). Methods 64 patients with Kc in at least one eye (95 eyes, 46 men and 18 women, average age 27.84 ±13.50), 59 healthy control subjects (100 eyes, 28 men and 31 women, average age 27.15 ±16.14). All patients underwent detailed clinical examination, topography and anterior segment OCT. 37 subjects (37 eyes, 27 men and 10 women, average age 24.23 ± 14.24) having one eye with manifest Kc and the fellow eye without clinical signs of Kc were identified. We studied two groups of pachymetric indexes: C1-C2, M1-M2, pCLMI, Pmin-P2 (Group 1 indexes) and PPD, PSD, PSSD and PASD (Group 2 indexes). A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was developed to compare the diagnostic accuracy, relative sensitivity and specificity for each index. Results In manifest keratoconus, C1-C2, M1-M2, and pCLMI are significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.0001); for suspect keratoconus, all Group 1 indexes are significantly higher compared to healthy subjects (P<0.0001) excluding M1-M2 obtained using a constant area circle (P = 0.02). Furthermore, for manifest and suspect keratoconus, PPD, PSD, PSSD and PASD are significantly higher compared to the control group (P <0.0001). Conclusion The studied pachymetric indexes in patients with Kc have high diagnostic accuracy and are statistically significant when compared with healthy subjects (p<0.0001) and can provide a useful tool for keratoconus screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Sense Organs, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - G Anselmi
- Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - G Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Morales-Fernández L, Borrego-Sanz L, Jiménez Santos M, Nieves Moreno M, Sánchez Jean R, Fernández-Vigo Escribano J, Sáenz-Francés San Baldomero F, Nkoouendje Nya M, Hernández E, García Feijóo J, Martínez de la Casa JM. Reproducibility of SD-OCT inner macular layer thickness measurements in children with primary congenital glaucoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021:S0181-5512(21)00296-5. [PMID: 34243998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the reproducibility of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) segmented ganglion cell complex and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) measurements in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in comparison with healthy children. METHODS 12 children with PCG (G1) and 24 healthy children (G2) were recruited. The following SD-OCT measurements (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering) were made in one eye per child: total macular thickness (MT), thicknesses in several subfields and volumes of the three inner macular layers, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) and cpRNFL thickness. In a single day, an expert operator obtained 3 circumpapillary and 3 macular measurements in each participant to determine intraoperator variability. Intraoperator repeatability was defined by the coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS ICC was excellent in both groups for cpRNFL measurements (G1 ICC=0.950 and G2 ICC=0.995) and for MT was excellent in G1 (ICC=0.957) and moderate in G2 (ICC=552). For the inner macular layer measurements, all ICCs were better in PCG group (mRNFL-ICC: 0.915 vs. 0.765; ICC-GCL: 0.584 vs. 0.263 and ICC-IPL: 0.979 vs. 0.742; G1 and G2 respectively). Greater CoV were recorded for macular measurements (from 0.71% to 9.82%) compared to cpRNFL measurements (from 0.52% to 1.50%). CONCLUSION In children with PCG, Spectralis SD-OCT showed excellent intrasession repeatability for cpRNFL, MT, mRNFL and IPL measurements and moderated for GCL measurements. For all macular measurements, ICC were higher in children with PCG than healthy children.
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Guven S, Kilic D, Bolatturk OF. Thinning of the inner and outer retinal layers, including the ganglion cell layer and photoreceptor layers, in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome unrelated to the disease severity. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3559-3569. [PMID: 34170478 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the segmented layers of the macula in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS This single-center, cross-sectional study included 31 OSAS patients and 31 age- and gender-matched control subjects. SD-OCT and overnight polysomnography were performed on all participants. The OSAS patients were categorized according to disease severity (mild, moderate, severe). The groups were compared in respect of each segmented macular layer through the use of segmentation software on SD-OCT. Total retinal thickness (RT), peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) values were also compared between the groups. RESULTS Mean CCT (p:0.015) and nasal pRNFL values (p:0.042) were lower and mean IOP was higher (p:0.018) in OSAS patients than in the control group. The statistical analysis revealed significantly thinner total RT, inner retinal layers (IRL), outer retinal layers (ORL), photoreceptor layers (PRL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses in the OSAS groups compared to healthy subjects. No significant differences were found between the three OSAS subgroups in all segmented macular layers and pRNFL measurements. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed relatively thinner nasal pRNFL, total RT, IRL, ORL, PRL and GCL layers in OSAS patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, this thinning of the segmented layers was unrelated to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Guven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri City Hospital, Mevlana mh. Tamer cd. 5/14, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri City Hospital, Mevlana mh. Tamer cd. 5/14, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey
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Makri OE, Tsekouras I, Mastronikolis S, Georgakopoulos CD. Short-term effect of non-preserved cationic oil-in-water ophthalmic emulsion on tear meniscus parameters of healthy individuals in a prospective, controlled pilot study. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2021; 10:5-10. [PMID: 37641624 PMCID: PMC10460213 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effect of instilling a single drop of non-preserved cationic oil-in- water ophthalmic emulsion (Cationorm®) on the lower (LTM) and upper tear meniscus (UTM) parameters of normal eyes. Methods In this prospective, single-center, non-randomized, controlled pilot study, optical coherence tomography was used to estimate the UTM and LTM height, depth, and cross-sectional area in participants without a history of dry eye disease. In the right eye (study eye), we instilled one drop of Cationorm® in the lower conjunctival sac. Scans of the tear menisci were acquired at baseline, before the instillation, and at 5, 15, and 30 min thereafter. Control scans of the left eye (control eye) were obtained at the same timepoints. The tear meniscus parameters of the study eye were compared with the control eye at each timepoint. Results Twenty subjects (11 male and 9 female; mean [standard deviation] of age: 37.8 [10.9] years) were included in the study. Compared to the control eye, instillation of a single drop of Cationorm® resulted in significantly higher LTM parameter values and a higher UTM cross-sectional area up to 30 min after instillation (all P < 0.05). The UTM height and depth were significantly greater in the study eye than in the control eye up to 5 min (P < 0.001 and 0.007, respectively) and 15-min (P = 0.045, and 0.002, respectively) after Cationorm® instillation. In the study eye, Cationorm® resulted in a significant increase in LTM parameter values up to 30 min post-instillation (all P < 0.001). The UTM height was significantly greater up to 15 min post-instillation than at baseline. The UTM depth and area increased significantly from baseline to 5 min after instillation (P = 0.043, and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Cationorm® seems to have a prolonged residence time on the ocular surface of healthy subjects as indicated by LTM parameters and to a lesser extent by UTM parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Makri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Iasonas Tsekouras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Shah SN, David RL, Parivadhini A, Lingam V, Balekudaru S, George RJ. Comparison of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters between disc suspects and "pre-perimetric" glaucomatous discs classified on disc photo. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:603-610. [PMID: 33595484 PMCID: PMC7942111 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1309_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare SD-OCT parameters between disc suspects and “pre-perimetric” glaucomatous discs classified on disc photos. Methods: Disc photos of suspicious discs with normal Humphrey visual fields (HVF) were graded as normal or pre-perimetric glaucomatous based on the consensus of three masked glaucoma specialists. RNFL and GCL-IPL maps of SD-OCT (Cirrus OCT) of these eyes were studied. Quantitative RNFL parameters were compared. Both groups were also compared with respect to parameters being classified as abnormal (at the 1% level), and the pattern of GCL-IPL and NFL maps were assessed qualitatively and classified as normal or pre-perimetric glaucomatous by a masked glaucoma specialist. Results: The average and inferior RNFL thicknesses were decreased in pre-perimetric glaucomatous eyes compared to normal eyes (p 0.01) The average, minimal, inferotemporal and inferior sector GCL-IPL thicknesses were decreased in pre-perimetric glaucomatous eyes (all P < 0.002) The highest AUC was for the inferior RNFL thickness (0.771) followed by average RNFL thickness (0.757) The sensitivity and specificity for any one abnormal RNFL parameter was 71.9% and 59.7%, for GCL-IPL parameters was 70% and 69.1% The positive (PLR) and negative likelihood ratios (NLR) were 1.78 and 0.47 for RNFL and 2.26 and 0.43 for GCL-IPL parameters. For the qualitative assessment of RNFL and GCL-IPL maps, the sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 75%, 77.2%, 3.29, and 0.32, respectively. Conclusion: Pre-perimetric disc suspects had greater OCT changes compared to normal disc suspects. Qualitative assessment of RNFL and GCL-IPL maps had the highest discriminatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Nitin Shah
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathini Lilian David
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annadurai Parivadhini
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Lingam
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shantha Balekudaru
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ronnie Jacob George
- Smt Jadhavabhai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lois N, Cook J, Wang A, Aldington S, Mistry H, Maredza M, McAuley D, Aslam T, Bailey C, Chong V, Ghanchi F, Scanlon P, Sivaprasad S, Steel D, Styles C, Azuara-Blanco A, Prior L, Waugh N. Multimodal imaging interpreted by graders to detect re-activation of diabetic eye disease in previously treated patients: the EMERALD diagnostic accuracy study. Health Technol Assess 2021; 25:1-104. [PMID: 34060440 DOI: 10.3310/hta25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the workload related to diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy is rising, making it difficult for hospital eye services to meet demands. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of a new pathway using multimodal imaging interpreted by ophthalmic graders to detect reactivation of diabetic macular oedema/proliferative diabetic retinopathy in previously treated patients. DESIGN This was a prospective, case-referent, cross-sectional diagnostic study. SETTING The setting was ophthalmic clinics in 13 NHS hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with previously successfully treated diabetic macular oedema/proliferative diabetic retinopathy in one/both eyes in whom, at the time of enrolment, diabetic macular oedema/proliferative diabetic retinopathy could be active or inactive. METHODS For the ophthalmic grader pathway, review of the spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans to detect diabetic macular oedema, and seven-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study/ultra-wide field fundus images to detect proliferative diabetic retinopathy, by trained ophthalmic graders. For the current standard care pathway (reference standard), ophthalmologists examined patients face to face by slit-lamp biomicroscopy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and, in addition, spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging for diabetic macular oedema. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was sensitivity of the ophthalmic grader pathway to detect active diabetic macular oedema/proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The secondary outcomes were specificity, agreement between pathways, cost-consequences, acceptability and the proportion of patients requiring subsequent ophthalmologist assessment, unable to undergo imaging and with inadequate quality images/indeterminate findings. It was assumed for the main analysis that all patients in whom graders diagnosed active disease or were 'unsure' or images were 'ungradable' required examination by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS Eligible participants with active and inactive diabetic macular oedema (152 and 120 participants, respectively) and active and inactive proliferative diabetic retinopathy (111 and 170 participants, respectively) were recruited. Under the main analysis, graders had a sensitivity of 97% (142/147) (95% confidence interval 92% to 99%) and specificity of 31% (35/113) (95% confidence interval 23% to 40%) to detect diabetic macular oedema. For proliferative diabetic retinopathy, graders had a similar sensitivity and specificity using seven-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [sensitivity 85% (87/102), 95% confidence interval 77% to 91%; specificity 48% (77/160), 95% confidence interval 41% to 56%] or ultra-wide field imaging [sensitivity 83% (87/105), 95% confidence interval 75% to 89%; specificity 54% (86/160), 95% confidence interval 46% to 61%]. Participants attending focus groups expressed preference for face-to-face evaluations by ophthalmologists. In the ophthalmologists' absence, patients voiced the need for immediate feedback following grader's assessments, maintaining periodic evaluations by ophthalmologists. Graders and ophthalmologists were supportive of the new pathway. When compared with the reference standard (current standard pathway), the new grader pathway could save £1390 per 100 patients in the review of people with diabetic macular oedema and, depending on the imaging modality used, between £461 and £1189 per 100 patients in the review of people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS For people with diabetic macular oedema, the ophthalmic grader pathway appears safe and cost saving. The sensitivity of the new pathway to detect active proliferative diabetic retinopathy was lower, but may still be considered acceptable for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy previously treated with laser. Suggestions from focus group discussions should be taken into consideration if the new pathway is introduced to ensure its acceptability to users. LIMITATIONS Lack of fundus fluorescein angiography to confirm diagnosis of active proliferative diabetic retinopathy. FUTURE WORK Could refinement of the new pathway increase its sensitivity to detect proliferative diabetic retinopathy? Could artificial intelligence be used for automated reading of images in this previously treated population? TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10856638 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03490318. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology AssessmentVol. 25, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Lois
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ariel Wang
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hema Mistry
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mandy Maredza
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Danny McAuley
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,The Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Tariq Aslam
- The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Victor Chong
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Peter Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Lindsay Prior
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Norman Waugh
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Alvarez-Guzman C, Bustamante-Arias A, Colorado-Zavala MF, Rodriguez-Garcia A. The impact of central foveal thickness and integrity of the outer retinal layers in the visual outcome of uveitic macular edema. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33902745 PMCID: PMC8077744 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-021-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the relationship between the central foveal thickness (CFT) and the integrity of the ellipsoid portion of inner segments (EPIS) and interdigitating zone (IZ) retinal layers in the visual outcome of uveitic macular edema (UME). Methods Prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study of eyes with UME. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular morphological pattern, CFT, and integrity of the outer retinal layers were analyzed. We arranged the data by EPIS or IZ integrity and contrasted it with student t-test (quantitative variables) and Fisher exact test or χ² distribution (categorical variables) to evaluate visual impairment and retinal measures. Receiver operator curve (ROC) estimation and logistic regression (probit) assessed if the sample´s variance could be associated with IZ or EPIS integrity. Results We included 145 SD-OCT macular scans from 45 patients at different stages of UME. Cystoid macular edema (CME) increased the risk of severe (P ≤ 0.0162) and moderate visual loss (P ≤ 0.0032). The highest CFT values occurred in patients with moderate (478.11 ± 167.62 μm) and severe (449.4 ± 224.86 μm) visual loss. Of all morphological patterns of macular edema, only CME showed a statistically significant relationship with severe visual impairment (44.92%, p = 0.0035, OR 4.29 [1.62–11.4]). Likewise, an increased probability of severe visual loss correlated negatively with both, IZ (37.93%, P ≤ 0.001, OR 10.02) and EPIS (38.98%, P ≤ 0.001, OR 13.1) disruption. A CFT > 337 μm showed a higher probability of IZ (AUROC = 0.7341, SEN 77.59%, ESP 65.52) and EPIS (AUROC = 0.7489, SEN 76.37%, ESP 65.12%) loss of integrity. Moreover, when BCVA reached 0.44 LogMAR (≤ 20/50 Snellen eq.), it was more likely to have IZ (AUROC = 0.8706, ESP 88.51%, SEN 77.59%) and EPIS (AUROC = 0.8898, ESP 88.3%, SEN 76.27) disruption. Conclusions Significantly increased CFT has a higher probability for EPIS and IZ disruption, which significantly increases the risk for irreversible visual loss in eyes with UME. Evaluating these layers’ integrity by optical coherence tomography helps predict the visual outcome and make the right therapeutic decisions. Trial registration The study was registered on April 13, 2020, at the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Research Committee (License No. COFEPRIS 20 CI 19 039 002), project registration No. P000338-CAVICaREMU-CI-CR002, and the Ethics Committee (License No. CONBIOETICA 19 CEI 011-2016-10-17), project registration No. P000338-CAVICaREMU-CEIC-CR002
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alvarez-Guzman
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis Service, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Andres Bustamante-Arias
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis Service, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Maria F Colorado-Zavala
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis Service, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Immunology & Uveitis Service, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Av. Batallon de San Patricio No. 112. Col. Real de San Agustin, San Pedro Garza Garcia, N.L., C.P. 66278, Mexico.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of the optimal examination technique for patients with glaucoma during the COVID-19 pandemic that includes one of the safest methods of tonometry [transpalpebral tonometry (TPT), contour dynamic tonometry (CDT) and Icare rebound tonometry (RBT)] in combination with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 65 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who sought medical aid at the Ophthalmological Center of FMBA during the COVID-19 pandemic; they were examined using three tonometry methods: RBT, TPT and CDT. All patients underwent central corneal thickness measurement, perimetry, OCT and OCTA with assessment of vessel density (VD) of the superficial plexus in the macula (whole image macula) and peripapillary retina (PPR). RESULTS High correlation was found between the results obtained with RBT, TPT and CDT. None of the methods showed a correlation between IOP and corneal thickness. The correlations between IOP and OCTA parameters were obtained: IOPTPT and VDPPR in the inferior temporal sector (r= -0.386, p=0.027), IOPRBT and VD whole image macula (r= -0.69, p=0.019), and in the macula inferior hemisphere (r= -0.75, p=0.008), as well as between the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) and VD in the macular inferior hemisphere (r=0.380, p=0.039). The OCTA parameters had a moderate, but significant correlation with the perimetric indices. CONCLUSIONS Tonometry methods (TPB, CDT and RBT) exhibit high correlation with each other and no correlation with corneal thickness. IOP parameters measured by different methods, especially using the Icare tonometer, correlate with OCTA parameters, and the latter - with perimetric indices. The combination of these tonometry methods with SD-OCT and OCTA is optimal for examining patients during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Kurysheva
- State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Pechenkina
- State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Goncharova
- State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
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Friedrich J, Bleidißel N, Klaas J, Feucht N, Nasseri A, Lohmann CP, Maier M. [Large macular hole-Always a poor prognosis?]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:257-63. [PMID: 32666171 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Alter, präoperativer Visus und Makulaforamengröße gelten als prognostische Marker für das postoperative Ergebnis bei Patienten mit durchgreifendem Makulaforamen (MF). Ziel der Arbeit Um den postoperativen Verlauf nach i‑ILM Peeling (inverted-Flap ILM-Peeling) mit konventionellem ILM-Peeling (k-ILM) zu vergleichen, wurde eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Patienten mit i‑ILM Peeling hatten dabei präoperativ ein statistisch signifikant größeres Makulaforamen. Material und Methoden Es wurden 45 konsekutive Patienten mit durchgreifendem Makulaforamen (MF) in 2 Gruppen (i-ILM vs. k‑ILM) eingeteilt und auf Unterschiede im postoperativen Visus (BCVA) und der Netzhautmorphologie hin untersucht. Die Integrität der äußeren Netzhautschichten, äußere limitierende Membran (ELM), ellipsoide Zone (EZ) und äußere Photorezeptoraußensegmente (OS), wurde postoperativ mittels SD-OCT (Spectral-Domain-OCT) analysiert. Ergebnisse Die präoperative Apertur in der i‑ILM Gruppe war signifikant größer (i-ILM = 408,4 µm, SD = 157,5 µm; k‑ILM = 287,4 µm, SD = 104,9 µm; p = 0,01). Der Ausgangsvisus sowie der postoperative Visus nach 1 Monat waren in der Gruppe mit k‑ILM-Peeling signifikant besser (p = 0,03 und p = 0,001). Der postoperative Visus nach mindestens 6 Monaten zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen (p = 0,24). Die ELM zeigte als erste der äußeren Netzhautschichten eine Re-Integrität in beiden Gruppen. Schlussfolgerung Mithilfe der i‑ILM-Peeling-Technik erschien es in dieser konsekutiven Serie möglich zu sein, für Patienten mit großem durchgreifendem MF ein ähnliches postoperatives Visusergebnis zur erreichen wie für mittels k‑ILM-Peeling-Technik operierte Patienten mit kleinerem durchgreifendem MF.
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41
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Thomas A, Sunija AP, Manoj R, Ramachandran R, Ramachandran S, Varun PG, Palanisamy P. RPE layer detection and baseline estimation using statistical methods and randomization for classification of AMD from retinal OCT. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 200:105822. [PMID: 33190943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition of the eye that affects the aged people. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a diagnostic tool capable of analyzing and identifying the disease affected retinal layers with high resolution. The objective of this work is to extract the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and the baseline (natural eye curvature, particular to every patient) from retinal spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) images. It uses them to find the height of drusen (abnormalities) in the RPE layer and classify it as AMD or normal. METHODS In the proposed work, the contrast enhancement based adaptive denoising technique is used for speckle elimination. Pixel grouping and iterative elimination based on the knowledge of typical layer intensities and positions are used to obtain the RPE layer. Using this estimate, randomization techniques are employed, followed by polynomial fitting and drusen removal to arrive at a baseline estimate. The classification is based on the drusen height obtained by taking the difference between the RPE and baseline levels. We have used a patient, wise classification approach where a patient is classified diseased if more than a threshold number of patient images have drusen of more than a certain height. Since all slices of an affected patient will not show drusen, we are justified in adopting this technique. RESULTS The proposed method is tested on a public data set of 2130 images/slices, which belonged to 30 patient volumes (15 AMD and 15 Normal) and achieved an overall accuracy of 96.66%, with no false positives. In comparison with existing works, the proposed method achieved higher overall accuracy and a better baseline estimate. CONCLUSIONS The proposed work focuses on AMD/normal classification using a statistical approach. It does not require any training. The proposed method modifies the motion restoration paradigm to obtain an application-specific denoising algorithm. The existing RPE detection algorithm is modified significantly to make it robust and applicable even to images where the RPE is not very evident/there is a significant amount of perforations (drusen). The baseline estimation algorithm employs a powerful combination of randomization, iterative polynomial fitting, and pixel elimination in contrast to mere fitting techniques. The main highlight of this work is, it achieved an exact estimation of the baseline in the retinal image compared to the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Thomas
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - A P Sunija
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - Rigved Manoj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - Rajiv Ramachandran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - Srikkanth Ramachandran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - P Gopi Varun
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
| | - P Palanisamy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620015, India.
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Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases, which results from mutations in over 260 identified genes, affect more than 2 million people globally. The diseases mostly cause severe vision loss in young working population and have severe impact on social economic status of the population. Advances in retinal imaging techniques along with developments in gene identification and cell biology techniques have yielded to a better understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms causing these diseases. Retinal imaging along with through ophthalmological examination is essential to make an accurate diagnosis, to decrease the burden of unneccessary anciliary tests and to select the potential patients that can get benefit from the gene treatment. The purpose of the review is to yield an update on inherited retinal diseases by highlighting microstructural changes in retina and to summarize the retinal changes detected by currently available multimodal imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Kilic Muftuoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mayss Al-Sheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sushma J
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Sumit Randhir Singh
- Jacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jay Chhablani
- UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Cennamo G, Montorio D, Comune C, Laezza MP, Fallico M, Lionetti ME, Reibaldi M. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings After Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Patients With Coats Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:615015. [PMID: 33585512 PMCID: PMC7873908 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.615015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the vascular features in eyes with Coats disease, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), at baseline and after 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Fifteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients affected by Coats' disease were recruited in this study. All patients underwent the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) evaluation, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), multicolor imaging, structural Spectral Domain (SD)-OCT and OCTA at baseline and 1 month after the third monthly ranibizumab injection (loading phase). Fifteen patients completed the study, of whom nine were males and six females. Mean age was 20.4 ± 2 years. BCVA was 0.46 ± 0.11 logMar and 0.47 ± 0.12 logMar at baseline and after treatment, respectively (p = 0.164). SD-OCT revealed no significant decrease in central macular thickness (486.33 μm ± 93.37 at baseline vs. 483.4 μm ± 80.97 after treatment; p = 0.915). The subretinal exudates persisted in macular region after intravitreal injections. OCTA showed a general vascular rarefaction in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary (CC) that did not change after loading phase. This study showed no functional and vascular improvement following 3 monthly ranibizumab injections. OCTA, non-invasive technique, could be useful during follow up of these patients and provide a better understand of pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Cennamo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Comune
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Laezza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Nasir J, Javed A, Arshad O, Chatni MH. Spectral Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography findings in Triple-A Syndrome - A case series from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 37:267-271. [PMID: 33437289 PMCID: PMC7794165 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.1.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple A Syndrome is an autosomal recessive entity involving multiple systems usually characterized by adrenal insufficiency, alacrimia and achalasia. The disease features include variable degrees of neurological and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Protein ALADIN encoded by the AAAS gene is found to be defective in Triple A Syndrome. Here we discuss a case series of five patients diagnosed as Triple A Syndrome. Clinically there was variable degree of optic atrophy in all the cases, which was further confirmed with spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography The aim of this study was to publish the OCT based ONFL graphs of these unique cases, so that being an ophthalmologist we can take a multidisciplinary approach and decisions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Nasir
- Dr. Javeria Nasir, MBBS, MCPS. Department of Ophthalmology, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Javed
- Dr. Owais Arshad, MBBS, FCPS, MRCS, FICO. Department of Ophthalmology, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Owais Arshad
- Dr. Anum Javed, MBBS. Department of Ophthalmology, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hanif Chatni
- Dr. Mohammad Hanif Chatni, MBBS, FRCS. Department of Ophthalmology, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ji Z, Niu S, Leng T, Rubin DL, Yuan S, Chen Q. An integrated time adaptive geographic atrophy prediction model for SD-OCT images. Med Image Anal 2020; 68:101893. [PMID: 33260118 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The automated prediction of geographic atrophy (GA) lesion growth can help ophthalmologists understand how the GA progresses, and assess the efficiency of current treatment and the prognosis of the disease. We developed an integrated time adaptive prediction model for identifying the location of future GA growth. The proposed model was comprised of bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network-based prediction module and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based refinement module. Considering the discontinuity of time intervals among sequential follow-up visits, we integrated time factors into BiLSTM-based prediction module to control the time attribute expediently. Then, the results from prediction module were refined by a CNN-based strategy to obtain the final locations of future GA growth. The 10 scenarios were designed to evaluate the prediction accuracy of our proposed model. The 1-6th scenarios demonstrated the importance of the prior information similarity, the 7-8th scenarios verified the effect of time factors and refinement methods respectively and the 9th scenario compared the prediction results between those using a single follow-up visit for training and using 2 sequential follow-up visits for training. The 10th scenario showed the model generalization performance across regions. The average dice indexes (DI) of the predicted GA regions in the 1-6th scenarios are 0.86, 0.89, 0.89, 0.92 and 0.88, 0.90, respectively. By integrating time factors to the BiLSTM models, the prediction accuracy was improved by almost 10%. The CNN-based refinement strategy can remove the wrong GA regions effectively to preserve the actual GA regions and improve the prediction accuracy further. The prediction results based on 2 sequential follow-up visits showed higher correlations than that based on single follow-up visit. The proposed model presented a good generalization performance while training patients and testing patients were from different regions. Experimental results demonstrated the importance of prior information to the prediction accuracy. We demonstrate the feasibility of creating a model for disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiwei Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zexuan Ji
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Sijie Niu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, China
| | - Theodore Leng
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Songtao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China.
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Maqsood S, Abdou Hannon A, Elalfy M, Elborgy ES, Hegazy SM. Influence of Perfluorocarbon Liquids on Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber-Layer Thickness Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil-Based Endotamponade. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3541-3549. [PMID: 33149548 PMCID: PMC7604436 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s271941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inner retina–layer modifications after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) can be objectively assessed through spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods This study explored prospectively changes in retinal nerve-fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with SD-OCT in eyes undergoing PPV with silicone oil–based tamponade with and without use of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) during the early postoperative phase (up to 3 months) at the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Egypt. Results Thirty patients were recruited who underwent PPV and silicone oil–based tamponade for either retinal detachment or diabetic retinopathy between April 2019 and September 2019. Mean RNFL thickness showed no significant change during follow-up at the first week (102.90±30.68 mm), 1 month (107.30±32.27), or three months (105.90±36.68; p=0.46, 0.68). There were significant correlations noticed between RNFL thinning and axial length of eyes, intraocular pressure, and use of PFCLs during the follow-up period. Conclusion The RNFL tends to change postvitrectomy, but not significantly. Careful examination and consistent follow-up is required for postvitrectomy patients with larger axial length and intraoperative PFCL use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Maqsood
- Corneo Plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, UK
| | - Ahmed Abdou Hannon
- Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elalfy
- Corneo Plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, UK.,Cornea Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt.,Eye Unit, Maidstone and Turnbridge Wells Hospitals, Maidstone, Kent, UK
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Cennamo G, Montorio D, D'Andrea L, Cennamo G. The role of OCT angiography in a rare case of malignant trasformation of an optic disc melanocytoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102089. [PMID: 33157324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The melanocytoma is a benign, highly pigmented tumor, localized on or adjacent to the optic disc. Its malignant trasformation represents a rare event. We describe a case of a 43-years old woman returned to our observation 29 years later with a malignant melanoma from an optic disc melanocytoma evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). OCTA is a valid, non-invasive, dyeless and reliable method that could improve the diagnosis of this rare case of malignant trasformation of an optic disc melanocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Montorio
- Department of Neuroscieces, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscieces, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cennamo
- Department of Neuroscieces, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Delyfer M, Legout P, Le Goff M, Blaizeau M, Rougier M, Schweitzer C, Korobelnik J, Delcourt C. Prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the ageing population using retinal colour images and SD-OCT: the Alienor Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e830-e838. [PMID: 32304162 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse and compare the prevalence of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) obtained using either standard retinal colour images or spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a population-based setting of French elderly subjects. METHODS Six hundred twenty-four subjects of the Alienor cohort aged 75 years or older underwent both colour fundus imaging and SD-OCT examinations. The ERMs were graded from retinal images and SD-OCT macular scans in a masked fashion. On SD-OCT images, the early ERMs, mature contractile ERMs without foveal modifications and mature contractile ERMs with foveal alterations were distinguished. RESULTS 610 (97.8%) subjects had gradable SD-OCT examinations, and 511 (81.9%) had gradable fundus images in at least one eye. According to colour photographs, 11.6% of participants had definite ERMs. From SD-OCT images, 52.8% of the subjects had early ERMs, 7.4% had mature ERMs without foveal involvement, and 9.7% had mature ERMs with foveal alterations. Regardless of the imaging method used, the ERMs were more often observed in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes. Comparison of ERM assessment using fundus photographs versus SD-OCT images demonstrated that the specificity of retinal colour images was good (>89.3%), whereas the sensitivity remained low even though it increased with ERM severity on SD-OCT images. CONCLUSIONS Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examinations have high feasibility in this elderly population and are much more sensitive than standard colour images for ERM assessments, especially in the early stages of the disease. Our results further highlight the need to use SD-OCT instead of colour retinal photographs for the classification of ERMs in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Noëlle Delyfer
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Department of Ophthalmology Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
| | - Pierre Legout
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Department of Ophthalmology Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
| | - Mélanie Le Goff
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Marion Blaizeau
- Department of Ophthalmology Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
| | | | - Cédric Schweitzer
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Department of Ophthalmology Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
| | - Jean‐François Korobelnik
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Department of Ophthalmology Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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49
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Montorio D, D’Andrea L, Cennamo G. Retinal Vascular Features in Ocular Blunt Trauma by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103329. [PMID: 33081316 PMCID: PMC7602990 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this prospective study, we analysed the changes in retinal vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with commotio retinae up to 6 months after blunt ocular trauma. We analysed the VD in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area at 48 h, and 1, 3 and 6 months after the trauma and compared results with those of healthy fellow eyes. We also evaluated the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the structural, spectral domain (SD)-OCT parameters: ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). A total of 18 eyes of 18 patients (8 males, 10 females, mean age 49.61 ± 9.2 years) and 18 healthy control eyes were evaluated. GCC and RNFL thicknesses showed a significant trend towards progressively lower values from 1 month and 3 months after the trauma, respectively, compared to healthy eyes (p < 0.005). The reduction in SD-OCT parameters reached a plateau at 6 months. Similar behaviour was found in the VD of the SCP and RPC that significantly decreased, starting from 1 and 3 months after the trauma, respectively (p < 0.001). At 6 months, the VD values were stable. The DCP presented an initial decrease of VD (p < 0.001), and after 1 month, the values statistically increased until the sixth month, reaching values similar to those of the control group. The FAZ area and BCVA did not show statistically significant changes during the follow-up. OCTA provided a detailed and quantitative analysis of early retinal vascular perfusion alterations after commotio retinae, demonstrating that the impairment of the retinal microvasculature and its progressive changes over time occurred even in the absence of compromised visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Montorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Luca D’Andrea
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Gilda Cennamo
- Public Health Department, Eye Clinic, University of Naples “Federico II”, 8013 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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50
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Eraydin B, Koçak N, Birinci H. The comparison of spectral domain optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography in the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:659-65. [PMID: 33057916 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic capability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with potential diagnostic findings for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-three eyes with potential diagnostic findings for PCV were prospectively evaluated. Patients with multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED), sharp RPED peak, RPED notch, hyporeflective lumen representing polyps, double-layer sign and the presence of hyperreflective intraretinal hard exudate were considered as PCV in SD-OCT. The sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT in the diagnosis of PCV were determined by comparing SD-OCT-based diagnosis with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). RESULTS Sixty-nine (74.2%) of 93 eyes included in the study were confirmed with ICGA and diagnosed as PCV. The sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT for the diagnosis of PCV were 75.3% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION The SD-OCT-based method helps clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients in whom ICGA cannot be used.
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