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Saleh MA, Amer-Sarsour F, Berant A, Pasmanik-Chor M, Kobo H, Sharabi Y, Vatine GD, Ashkenazi A. Chronic and acute exposure to rotenone reveals distinct Parkinson's disease-related phenotypes in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:164-173. [PMID: 38246514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral autonomic nervous system (P-ANS) dysfunction is a critical non-motor phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of PD cases are sporadic and lack identified PD-associated genes involved. Epidemiological and animal model studies suggest an association with pesticides and other environmental toxins. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying toxin induced P-ANS dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, we mapped the global transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived P-ANS sympathetic neurons during inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by the PD-related pesticide, rotenone. We revealed distinct transcriptome profiles between acute and chronic exposure to rotenone. In the acute stage, there was a down regulation of specific cation channel genes, known to mediate electrophysiological activity, while in the chronic stage, the human P-ANS neurons exhibited dysregulation of anti-apoptotic and Golgi apparatus-related pathways. Moreover, we identified the sodium voltage-gated channel subunit SCN3A/Nav1.3 as a potential biomarker in human P-ANS neurons associated with PD. Our analysis of the rotenone-altered coding and non-coding transcriptome of human P-ANS neurons may thus provide insight into the pathological signaling events in the sympathetic neurons during PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ali Saleh
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Fatima Amer-Sarsour
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Berant
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hila Kobo
- Genomics Research Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gad D Vatine
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Avraham Ashkenazi
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Fan Y, Huang S, Li F, Zhang X, Huang X, Li W, Zeng J, Wang W, Liu J. Generation of Functional and Mature Sympathetic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via a Neuroepithelial Route. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:19. [PMID: 38358571 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a crucial branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that is responsible for regulating visceral function and various physiological processes. Dysfunction of the SNS can lead to various diseases, such as hypertension and metabolic disorders. However, obtaining sympathetic neurons from human tissues for research is challenging. The current research aimed at recapitulating the process of human sympathetic neuron development and achieved the successful establishment of a stepwise, highly efficient in vitro differentiation protocol. This protocol facilitated the generation of functional and mature sympathetic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using a chemical-defined induction medium. Initially, each differentiation stage was refined to derive sympathoadrenal progenitors (SAPs) from hPSCs through neural epithelial cells (NECs) and trunk neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). hPSC-derived SAPs could be expanded in vitro for at least 12 passages while maintaining the expression of SAP-specific transcription factors and neuronal differentiation potency. SAPs readily generated functional sympathetic neurons (SymNs) when cultured in the neuronal maturation medium for 3-4 weeks. These SymNs expressed sympathetic markers, exhibited electrophysiological properties, and secreted sympathetic neurotransmitters. More importantly, we further demonstrated that hPSC-derived SymNs can efficiently regulate the adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and lipid metabolism in vitro. In conclusion, our study provided a simple and robust protocol for generating functional sympathetic neurons from hPSCs, which may be an invaluable tool in unraveling the mechanisms of SNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fugui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jixiao Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Center, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Mille T, Bonilla A, Guillaud E, Bertrand SS, Menuet C, Cazalets JR. Muscarinic cholinergic modulation of cardiovascular variables in spinal cord injured rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114369. [PMID: 36878399 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads not only to major impairments in sensorimotor control but also to dramatic dysregulation of autonomic functions including major cardiovascular disturbances. Consequently, individuals with SCI endure daily episodic hypo/hypertension and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Several studies have suggested that an intrinsic spinal coupling mechanism between motor and sympathetic neuronal networks exist and that propriospinal cholinergic neurons may be responsible for a synchronized activation of both somatic and sympathetic outputs. We therefore investigated in the present study, the effect of cholinergic muscarinic agonists on cardiovascular parameters in freely moving adult rats after SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetry sensors for long-term in vivo monitoring of blood pressure (BP). From BP signal, we calculated heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency. We first characterized the physiological changes occurring after a SCI performed at the T3-T4 level in our experimental model system. We then investigated the effects on BP, HR and respiration, of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine using one variant that crossed the blood brain barrier (Oxo-S) and one that does not (Oxo-M) in both Pre- and Post-SCI animals. After SCI, both HR and respiratory frequency increased. BP values exhibited an immediate profound drop before progressively increasing over the three-week post-lesion period but remained below control values. A spectral analysis of BP signal revealed the disappearance of the low frequency component of BP (0.3-0.6 Hz) referred to as Mayer waves after SCI. In Post-SCI animals, central effects mediated by Oxo-S led to an increase in HR and MAP, a slowdown in respiratory frequency and to an increased power in the 0.3-0.6 Hz frequency band. This study unravels some of the mechanisms by which muscarinic activation of spinal neurons could contribute to partial restoration of BP after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Mille
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Bonilla
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Etienne Guillaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Sandrine S Bertrand
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Clément Menuet
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, INMED UMR 1249, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-René Cazalets
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Zone nord, Bat 2, 2e étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Hrabalova P, Bohuslavova R, Matejkova K, Papousek F, Sedmera D, Abaffy P, Kolar F, Pavlinkova G. Dysregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in the sympathetic nervous system accelerates diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:88. [PMID: 37072781 PMCID: PMC10114478 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An altered sympathetic nervous system is implicated in many cardiac pathologies, ranging from sudden infant death syndrome to common diseases of adulthood such as hypertension, myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Although the mechanisms responsible for disruption of this well-organized system are the subject of intensive investigations, the exact processes controlling the cardiac sympathetic nervous system are still not fully understood. A conditional knockout of the Hif1a gene was reported to affect the development of sympathetic ganglia and sympathetic innervation of the heart. This study characterized how the combination of HIF-1α deficiency and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes affects the cardiac sympathetic nervous system and heart function of adult animals. METHODS Molecular characteristics of Hif1a deficient sympathetic neurons were identified by RNA sequencing. Diabetes was induced in Hif1a knockout and control mice by low doses of STZ treatment. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography. Mechanisms involved in adverse structural remodeling of the myocardium, i.e. advanced glycation end products, fibrosis, cell death, and inflammation, was assessed by immunohistological analyses. RESULTS We demonstrated that the deletion of Hif1a alters the transcriptome of sympathetic neurons, and that diabetic mice with the Hif1a-deficient sympathetic system have significant systolic dysfunction, worsened cardiac sympathetic innervation, and structural remodeling of the myocardium. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that the combination of diabetes and the Hif1a deficient sympathetic nervous system results in compromised cardiac performance and accelerated adverse myocardial remodeling, associated with the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hrabalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
- Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Katerina Matejkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | | | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | | | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia.
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Dokshokova L, Pianca N, Zaglia T, Mongillo M. Optogenetic Control of Heart Rhythm: Lightly Guiding the Cardiac Pace. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2483:205-229. [PMID: 35286678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2245-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that, differently from skeletal muscles, the heart contracts independently from neurogenic inputs. However, the speed and force of heartbeats are finely modulated during stresses, emotions, and daily activities, by the autonomic neurons (both parasympathetic and sympathetic) which highly innervate the myocardium. Despite this aspect of cardiac physiology has been known for long, research has only recently shed light on the biophysical mechanisms underlying the meticulous adaptation of heart activity to the needs of the organism. A conceptual advancement in this regard has come from the use of optogenetics, a revolutionary methodology which allows to control the activity of a given excitable cell type, with high specificity, temporal and spatial resolution, within intact tissues and organisms. The method, widely affirmed in the field of neuroscience, has more recently been exploited also in research on heart physiology and pathology, including the study of the mechanisms regulating heart rhythm. The last point is the object of this book chapter which, starting from the description of the physiology of heart rhythm automaticity and the neurogenic modulation of heart rate, makes an excursus on the theoretical basis of such biotechnology (with its advantages and limitations), and presents a series of examples in cardiac and neuro-cardiac optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Dokshokova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Pianca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Pravoverov K, Whiting K, Thapa S, Bushong T, Trang K, Lein PJ, Chandrasekaran V. MicroRNAs are Necessary for BMP-7-induced Dendritic Growth in Cultured Rat Sympathetic Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:917-934. [PMID: 31104181 PMCID: PMC6713596 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal connectivity is dependent on size and shape of the dendritic arbor. However, mechanisms controlling dendritic arborization, especially in the peripheral nervous system, are not completely understood. Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important initiators of dendritic growth in peripheral neurons. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that post-transcriptional regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) is necessary for BMP-7-induced dendritic growth in these neurons. To examine the role of miRNAs in BMP-7-induced dendritic growth, microarray analyses was used to profile miRNA expression in cultured sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia of embryonic day 21 rat pups at 6 and 24 h after treatment with BMP-7 (50 ng/mL). Our data showed that BMP-7 significantly regulated the expression of 43 of the 762 miRNAs. Of the 43 miRNAs, 22 showed robust gene expression; 14 were upregulated by BMP-7 and 8 were downregulated by BMP-7. The expression profile for miR-335, miR-664-1*, miR-21, and miR-23b was confirmed using qPCR analyses. Functional studies using morphometric analyses of dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors indicated that miR-664-1*, miR-23b, and miR-21 regulated early stages of BMP-7-induced dendritic growth. In summary, our data provide evidence for miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation as important downstream component of BMP-7 signaling during early stages of dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556
| | - Katherine Whiting
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556
| | - Slesha Thapa
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556
| | - Trevor Bushong
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556
| | - Karen Trang
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, 1928 Saint Mary’s Road, Moraga, CA 94556.,Corresponding author: Vidya Chandrasekaran, Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA 94556.
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Rached MT, Millership SJ, Pedroni SMA, Choudhury AI, Costa ASH, Hardy DG, Glegola JA, Irvine EE, Selman C, Woodberry MC, Yadav VK, Khadayate S, Vidal-Puig A, Virtue S, Frezza C, Withers DJ. Deletion of myeloid IRS2 enhances adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function and limits obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 20:38-50. [PMID: 30553769 PMCID: PMC6358539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system and immune cell interactions play key roles in the regulation of metabolism. For example, recent convergent studies have shown that macrophages regulate obesity through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) via effects upon local catecholamine availability. However, these studies have raised issues about the underlying mechanisms involved including questions regarding the production of catecholamines by macrophages, the role of macrophage polarization state and the underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages that might mediate these effects. METHODS To address such issues we generated mice lacking Irs2, which mediates the effects of insulin and interleukin 4, specifically in LyzM expressing cells (Irs2LyzM-/- mice). RESULTS These animals displayed obesity resistance and preservation of glucose homeostasis on high fat diet feeding due to increased energy expenditure via enhanced BAT activity and WAT beiging. Macrophages per se did not produce catecholamines but Irs2LyzM-/- mice displayed increased sympathetic nerve density and catecholamine availability in adipose tissue. Irs2-deficient macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile and alterations in genes involved in scavenging catecholamines and supporting increased sympathetic innervation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify a critical macrophage signaling pathway involved in the regulation of adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function that, in turn, mediates key neuroimmune effects upon systemic metabolism. The insights gained may open therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Rached
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Darran G Hardy
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Megan C Woodberry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Henley R, Chandrasekaran V, Giulivi C. Computing neurite outgrowth and arborization in superior cervical ganglion neurons. Brain Res Bull 2018; 144:194-199. [PMID: 30529562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrites are the primary site of synaptic activity in neurons and changes in synapses are often the first pathological stage in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular studies of these changes rely on morphological analysis of the imaging of somas and dendritic arbors of cultured or primary neurons. As research on preventing or reversing synaptic degeneration develops, demands increase for user-friendly 2D neurite analyzers without undermining accuracy and reproducibility. The most common method of 2D neurite analysis is manual by using ImageJ. This method relies completely on the user's ability to distinguish the shape and size of dendrites and trace morphology with a series of straight connected lines. Semi-automatic methods have also been developed, such as the NeuronJ plugin for ImageJ. These methods still rely on the user to identify the start and end of the dendrites, but automatically determine the shape, reducing the likelihood of user bias and speeding the process. Some automatic methods have been developed through image processing software, like ImagePro. These programs tend to be expensive, but have been shown to be fast and effective, limiting user interaction. In this study, we compare three methods of neurite analysis-ImageJ, NeuronJ, and ImagePro-in measuring the soma size, number of dendrites, and length of dendrites per cell of embryonic sympathetic rat neurons with BMP-7-induced dendritic growth. Our results indicate that ImageJ and NeuronJ measurements were of similar effectiveness and consistent throughout various images and multiple trials. NeuronJ required less user interaction in measuring the length of dendrites than the manual method and therefore, was faster and less labor intensive. Conversely, ImagePro tended to be inconsistent across images, overestimating both soma size and the number of dendrites per cell while underestimating the length of dendrites. Overall, NeuronJ, in conjunction with ImageJ, is the most reliable and efficient method of 2D neurite analysis tested in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Henley
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA, 94575, United States
| | - Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA, 94575, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817, United States.
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Geden MJ, Romero SE, Deshmukh M. Apoptosis versus axon pruning: Molecular intersection of two distinct pathways for axon degeneration. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:3-8. [PMID: 30452947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are capable of degenerating their axons for the physiological clearance and refinement of unnecessary connections via the programmed degenerative pathways of apoptosis and axon pruning. While both pathways mediate axon degeneration they are however distinct. Whereas in apoptosis the entire neuron, both axons and cell body, degenerates, in the context of axon pruning only the targeted axon segments are selectively degenerated. Interestingly, the molecular pathways mediating axon degeneration in these two contexts have significant mechanistic overlap but also retain distinct differences. In this review, we describe the peripheral neuronal cell culture models used to study the molecular pathways of apoptosis and pruning. We outline what is known about the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and axon pruning and focus on highlighting the similarities and differences of these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Geden
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Selena E Romero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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El Faitwri T, Huber K. Expression pattern of delta-like 1 homolog in developing sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:49-54. [PMID: 30144579 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family and an atypical notch ligand that is widely expressed during early mammalian development with putative functions in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation. During later stages of development, DLK1 is downregulated and becomes increasingly restricted to specific cell types, including several types of endocrine cells. DLK1 has been linked to various tumors and associated with tumor stem cell features. Sympathoadrenal precursors are neural crest derived cells that give rise to either sympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system or the endocrine chromaffin cells located in the adrenal medulla or extraadrenal positions. As these cells are the putative cellular origin of neuroblastoma, one of the most common malignant tumors in early childhood, their molecular characterization is of high clinical importance. In this study we have examined the precise spatiotemporal expression of DLK1 in developing sympathoadrenal cells. We show that DLK1 mRNA is highly expressed in early sympathetic neuron progenitors and that its expression depends on the presence of Phox2B. DLK1 expression becomes quickly restricted to a small subpopulation of cells in sympathetic ganglia, while virtually all chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and the Organ of Zuckerkandl still express high levels of DLK1 at late gestational stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehani El Faitwri
- Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albert-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Katrin Huber
- Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albert-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Espinosa-Medina I, Saha O, Boismoreau F, Brunet JF. The "sacral parasympathetic": ontogeny and anatomy of a myth. Clin Auton Res 2017; 28:13-21. [PMID: 29103139 PMCID: PMC5805809 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently defined genetic traits that distinguish sympathetic from parasympathetic neurons, both preganglionic and ganglionic (Espinosa-Medina et al., Science 354:893–897, 2016). By this set of criteria, we found that the sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic, not parasympathetic as has been thought for more than a century. Proposing such a belated shift in perspective begs the question why the new criterion (cell types defined by their genetic make-up and dependencies) should be favored over the anatomical, physiological and pharmacological considerations of long ago that inspired the “parasympathetic” classification. After a brief reminder of the former, we expound the weaknesses of the latter and argue that the novel genetic definition helps integrating neglected anatomical and physiological observations and clearing the path for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espinosa-Medina
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Orthis Saha
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Franck Boismoreau
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
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12
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Wehner AB, Abdesselem H, Dickendesher TL, Imai F, Yoshida Y, Giger RJ, Pierchala BA. Semaphorin 3A is a retrograde cell death signal in developing sympathetic neurons. Development 2017; 143:1560-70. [PMID: 27143756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During development of the peripheral nervous system, excess neurons are generated, most of which will be lost by programmed cell death due to a limited supply of neurotrophic factors from their targets. Other environmental factors, such as 'competition factors' produced by neurons themselves, and axon guidance molecules have also been implicated in developmental cell death. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), in addition to its function as a chemorepulsive guidance cue, can also induce death of sensory neurons in vitro The extent to which Sema3A regulates developmental cell death in vivo, however, is debated. We show that in compartmentalized cultures of rat sympathetic neurons, a Sema3A-initiated apoptosis signal is retrogradely transported from axon terminals to cell bodies to induce cell death. Sema3A-mediated apoptosis utilizes the extrinsic pathway and requires both neuropilin 1 and plexin A3. Sema3A is not retrogradely transported in older, survival factor-independent sympathetic neurons, and is much less effective at inducing apoptosis in these neurons. Importantly, deletion of either neuropilin 1 or plexin A3 significantly reduces developmental cell death in the superior cervical ganglia. Taken together, a Sema3A-initiated apoptotic signaling complex regulates the apoptosis of sympathetic neurons during the period of naturally occurring cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Wehner
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis L Dickendesher
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fumiyasu Imai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45299, USA
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45299, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
In recent decades, obesity has become a global public health crisis irrespective of age or gender [20]. But according to historic records, concerns over appropriate maintenance of body size have been long established. For more than to 2 millennia, the main therapeutic approach to curb excess weight has been to recommend dietary restrictions and regular exercise (Haslam, 2016). Nevertheless, more contemporary studies indicate that the employment of such approaches in the treatment of severely obese patients causes metabolic adaptions which impair their long-term success in weight management [8]. These evidences highlight thus, the urgency in the search for a more comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie the control of body weight, which would be essential for the development of effective strategies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Importantly, the discovery of the hormone leptin [33]and the use of novel techniques in targeted transgenesis [32] have enabled progress in defining some of the key players and the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the processes that control body size homeostasis and energy balance, and how obesity may disrupt leptin's feedback loop and lead to the pathology of metabolic syndrome. On the light of such findings, here we review how the sympathetic nervous system modulates adipose tissue metabolism downstream of leptin's action on the CNS, with particular focus on how this system may be disrupted in the context of excess adiposity, plus highlight the potential clinical implications arising from a better understanding of the physiologic control of the sympathetic neuro-adipose connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mahú
- Obesity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Obesity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Kar AN, Vargas JNS, Chen CY, Kowalak JA, Gioio AE, Kaplan BB. Molecular determinants of cytochrome C oxidase IV mRNA axonal trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:32-43. [PMID: 28161363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we identified a putative 38-nucleotide stem-loop structure (zipcode) in the 3' untranslated region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) mRNA that was necessary and sufficient for the axonal localization of the message in primary superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. However, little is known about the proteins that interact with the COXIV-zipcode and regulate the axonal trafficking and local translation of the COXIV message. To identify proteins involved in the axonal transport of the COXIV mRNA, we used the biotinylated 38-nucleotide COXIV RNA zipcode as bait in the affinity purification of COXIV zipcode binding proteins. Gel-shift assays of the biotinylated COXIV zipcode indicated that the putative stem-loop structure functions as a nucleation site for the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes. Mass spectrometric analysis of the COXIV zipcode ribonucleoprotein complex led to the identification of a large number RNA binding proteins, including fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS), and Y-box protein 1 (YB-1). Validation experiments, using western analyses, confirmed the presence of the candidate proteins in the COXIV zipcode affinity purified complexes obtained from SCG axons. Immunohistochemical studies show that FUS, and YB-1 are present in SCG axons. Importantly, RNA immunoprecipitation studies show that FUS, and YB-1 interact with endogenous axonal COXIV transcripts. siRNA-mediated downregulation of the candidate proteins FUS and YB-1 expression in the cell-bodies diminishes the levels of COXIV mRNA in the axon, suggesting functional roles for these proteins in the axonal trafficking of COXIV mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar N Kar
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cai-Yun Chen
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kowalak
- NIMH-NINDS Clinical Proteomics Unit, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony E Gioio
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry B Kaplan
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Ribatti D. The failed attribution of the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology to Viktor Hamburger for the discovery of Nerve Growth Factor. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:306-9. [PMID: 26930162 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The announcement in October 1986 that the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was to awarded to Rita Levi Montalcini and Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor, respectively, caused many to wonder why Viktor Hamburger in whose laboratory the initial work was done had not been included in the award. This article try to reconstruct the history of the discovery of NGF with the aim to re-establish a correct dynamic of the events.
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Franzoso M, Zaglia T, Mongillo M. Putting together the clues of the everlasting neuro-cardiac liaison. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:1904-15. [PMID: 26778332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the late embryonic development, the sympathetic nervous system extensively innervates the heart and modulates its activity during the entire lifespan. The distribution of myocardial sympathetic processes is finely regulated by the secretion of limiting amounts of pro-survival neurotrophic factors by cardiac cells. Norepinephrine release by the neurons rapidly modulates myocardial electrophysiology, and increases the rate and force of cardiomyocyte contractions. Sympathetic processes establish direct interaction with cardiomyocytes, characterized by the presence of neurotransmitter vesicles and reduced cell-cell distance. Whether such contacts have a functional role in both neurotrophin- and catecholamine-dependent communication between the two cell types, is poorly understood. In this review we will address the effects of the sympathetic neuron activity on the myocardium and the hypothesis that the direct neuro-cardiac contact might have a key role both in norepinephrine and neurotrophin mediated signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Obara Y, Nagasawa R, Nemoto W, Pellegrino MJ, Takahashi M, Habecker BA, Stork PJS, Ichiyanagi O, Ito H, Tomita Y, Ishii K, Nakahata N. ERK5 induces ankrd1 for catecholamine biosynthesis and homeostasis in adrenal medullary cells. Cell Signal 2015; 28:177-189. [PMID: 26739108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) play important roles in proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. In our previous study, we demonstrated that both ERK5 and ERK1/2 were responsible for neurite outgrowth and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) (J Biol Chem 284, 23,564-23,573, 2009). However, the functional differences between ERK5 and ERK1/2 signaling in neural differentiation remain unclear. In the present study, we show that ERK5, but not ERK1/2 regulates TH levels in rat sympathetic neurons. Furthermore, microarray analysis performed in PC12 cells using ERK5 and ERK1/2-specific inhibitors, identified ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ankrd1) as an ERK5-dependent and ERK1/2-independent gene. Here, we report a novel role of the ERK5/ankrd1 signaling in regulating TH levels and catecholamine biosynthesis. Ankrd1 mRNA was induced by nerve growth factor in time- and concentration-dependent manners. TH levels were reduced by ankrd1 knockdown with no changes in the mRNA levels, suggesting that ankrd1 was involved in stabilization of TH protein. Interestingly, ubiquitination of TH was enhanced and catecholamine biosynthesis was reduced by ankrd1 knockdown. Finally, we examined the relationship of ERK5 to TH levels in human adrenal pheochromocytomas. Whereas TH levels were correlated with ERK5 levels in normal adrenal medullas, ERK5 was down-regulated and TH was up-regulated in pheochromocytomas, indicating that TH levels are regulated by alternative mechanisms in tumors. Taken together, ERK5 signaling is required for catecholamine biosynthesis during neural differentiation, in part to induce ankrd1, and to maintain appropriate TH levels. This pathway is disrupted in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Nagasawa
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michael J Pellegrino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Maho Takahashi
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Philip J S Stork
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Osamu Ichiyanagi
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tomita
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nakahata
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Chandrasekaran V, Lea C, Sosa JC, Higgins D, Lein PJ. Reactive oxygen species are involved in BMP-induced dendritic growth in cultured rat sympathetic neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:116-25. [PMID: 26079955 PMCID: PMC4550485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons; however, the downstream signaling molecules that mediate the dendrite promoting activity of BMPs are not well characterized. Here we test the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling links BMP receptor activation to dendritic growth. In cultured rat sympathetic neurons, exposure to any of the three mechanistically distinct antioxidants, diphenylene iodinium (DPI), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NGA) or desferroxamine (DFO), blocked de novo BMP-induced dendritic growth. Addition of DPI to cultures previously induced with BMP to extend dendrites caused dendritic retraction while DFO and NGA prevented further growth of dendrites. The inhibition of the dendrite promoting activity of BMPs by antioxidants was concentration-dependent and occurred without altering axonal growth or neuronal cell survival. Antioxidant treatment did not block BMP activation of SMAD 1,5 as determined by nuclear localization of these SMADs. While BMP treatment did not cause a detectable increase in intracellular ROS in cultured sympathetic neurons as assessed using fluorescent indicator dyes, BMP treatment increased the oxygen consumption rate in cultured sympathetic neurons as determined using the Seahorse XF24 Analyzer, suggesting increased mitochondrial activity. In addition, BMPs upregulated expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and either pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of NOX2 significantly decreased BMP-7 induced dendritic growth. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that ROS are involved in the downstream signaling events that mediate BMP7-induced dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons, and suggest that ROS-mediated signaling positively modulates dendritic complexity in peripheral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Lea
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA, USA
| | - Jose Carlo Sosa
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Higgins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Lazcano-Pérez F, Vivas O, Román-González SA, Rodríguez-Bustamante E, Castro H, Arenas I, García DE, Sánchez-Puig N, Arreguín-Espinosa R. A purified Palythoa venom fraction delays sodium current inactivation in sympathetic neurons. Toxicon 2014; 82:112-6. [PMID: 24593961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Palythoa caribaeorum is a zoanthid (Phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa) commonly found in shallow waters of coral reefs along the Mexican Atlantic coast. Little is known on the pharmacological and biochemical properties of the venom components of this animal group. Toxin peptides from other cnidarian venoms, like sea anemones, target sodium and potassium voltage-gated channels. In this study, we tested the activity of a low molecular weight fraction from the venom of P. caribaeorum on voltage-gated sodium channels of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons of the rat. Our results showed that this fraction delays tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium channel inactivation indicated by a reversible 2-fold increase of the current at the decay. A peptide responsible for this activity was isolated and characterized. Its sequence showed that it does not resemble any previously reported toxin. Together, these results evidence the presence of neurotoxins in P. caribaeorum that act on sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lazcano-Pérez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Román-González
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bustamante
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arenas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - David E García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Puig
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Sheikholislam Z, Soleimani Z, Moghimi A, Shahhosseini S. A convenient Simple Method for Synthesis of Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). Iran J Pharm Res 2013; 12:729-33. [PMID: 24523752 PMCID: PMC3920697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is one of the important radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine. [(123/131)I] MIBG is used for imaging of Adrenal medulla, studying heart sympathetic nerves, treatment of pheochromacytoma and neuroblastoma. For clinical application, radioiodinated MIBG is prepared through isotopic exchange method, which includes replacement of radioactive iodine in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with cold iodine ((127)I). The unlabelled MIBG hemisulfate is synthesized by the procedure described by Wieland et al. (1980). The availability of a more practical and cost-effective procedure for MIBG preparation encouraged us to study the MIBG synthesis methods. In this study the preparation of MIBG through different methods were evaluated and a new method, which is one step, simple and cost-effective is introduced. The method has ability to be scaled up for production of unlabelled MIBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sheikholislam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, P O Box: 14155-6153.
| | - Zohreh Soleimani
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, P O Box: 14155-6153.
| | | | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, P O Box: 14155-6153. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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