1
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Han D, Tian H, Liu L, Cao L, Cao H, Yu X. Scalable manufacturing of an amide-based nucleating agent for transparency and high heat resistance of polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130574. [PMID: 38453125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The prevalent use of disposable plastic tableware presents notable environmental and health risks. An alternative, polylactic acid (PLA), often does not meet usage requirements due to its low crystallization rate. This research introduces an amide-based nucleating agent, BRE-T-100, developed through a straightforward method to enhance the heat resistance and crystallization rate of PLA. This study systematically investigates the impact of BRE-T-100 and other nucleating agents on the properties of PLA composites. The incorporation of 0.8 % BRE-T-100 increases the crystallization temperature of PLA from 109.6 °C to 131.9 °C. Further, the total crystallization time of PLA composites at 120 °C is reduced to <60 s, while maintaining good transparency. BRE-T-100 exhibits superior comprehensive properties compared to talcum, TMC-200, and TMC-300 and is nearly on par with LAK-301. Its application as a nucleating agent in PLA-based disposable tableware shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Huhu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Luya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Hongzhang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China
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2
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Saleem J, Moghal ZKB, McKay G. Transforming polypropylene waste into transparent anti-corrosion weather-resistant and anti-bacterial superhydrophobic films. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133597. [PMID: 38310836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The global pollution crisis arising from the accumulation of plastic in landfills and the environment necessitates addressing plastic waste issues. Notably, polypropylene (PP) waste accounts for 20% of total plastic waste and holds promise for hydrophobic applications in the realm of recycling. Herein, the transparent and non-transparent superhydrophobic films made from waste PP are reported. A hierarchical structure with protrusions is induced through spin-casting and thermally induced phase separation. The films had a water contact angle of 159° and could vary in thickness, strength, roughness, and hydrophobicity depending on end-user requirements. The Bode plot indicated enhanced corrosion resistance in the superhydrophobic films. Antibacterial trials with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microbial solutions showed that the superhydrophobic film had a significantly lower rate of colony-forming units compared to both the transparent surface and the control blank sample. Moreover, a life cycle assessment revealed that the film production resulted in a 62% lower embodied energy and 34% lower carbon footprint compared to virgin PP pellets sourced from petroleum. These films exhibit distinctiveness with their dual functionality as coatings and freestanding films. Unlike conventional coatings that require chemical application onto the substrate, these films can be mechanically applied using adhesive tapes on a variety of surfaces. Overall, the effective recycling of waste PP into versatile superhydrophobic films not only reduces environmental impact but also paves the way for a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Saleem
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Gordon McKay
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Li M, Liu G, Liu S, Xiao X, Bai Y, Li Y, Li X, Li Y. Transparent regenerated cellulose film containing azobenzene group with reversible stimulus discoloration property. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121569. [PMID: 37985122 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose film, exhibiting color alterations in response to external stimuli, presents itself as a promising functional material. In this study, a universal dissolution-regeneration technique was employed to manufacture a transparent, regenerated cellulose film, characterized by its reversible multi-stimulus discoloration property. This functional cellulose film, endowed with both photochromic and acid-chromic attributes, was synthesized through the introduction of a cellulose-grafted azobenzene derivative into the cellulose solution. The hue of a cellulose film irradiated with ultraviolet light could be inverted upon exposure to visible light or heat. Furthermore, when subject to heating, irradiation, or immersion in an acidic medium, this functional film demonstrated pronounced transparency. The acid-chromic behavior of the film was readily discernible when exposed to highly concentrated acidic aqueous solutions. Both the photochromic and acid-chromic phenomena were discernable to the unaided eye. After ten cycles, no fading of the reversible discoloration properties of the material occurred. This transparent regenerated cellulose film stands as a viable candidate for applications in optical data storage, intelligent switches, and sensors, owing to its capacity for reversible stimulus-triggered discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Gongwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xialian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yun Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yali Li
- College of Physical Education, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yibao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research for Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion, Ganzhou 341000, China
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4
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Zhao C, Liu G, Lin Y, Li X, Meng N, Wang X, Fu S, Yu J, Ding B. Diphylleia Grayi-Inspired Intelligent Temperature-Responsive Transparent Nanofiber Membranes. Nanomicro Lett 2024; 16:65. [PMID: 38175378 PMCID: PMC10766919 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanofiber membranes (NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a great challenge due to the enormous reflection and incredibly poor transmission generated by the nanofiber-air interface. In this research, we report a general strategy for the preparation of flexible temperature-responsive transparent (TRT) membranes, which achieves a rapid transformation of NFMs from opaque to highly transparent under a narrow temperature window. In this process, the phase change material eicosane is coated on the surface of the polyurethane nanofibers by electrospray technology. When the temperature rises to 37 °C, eicosane rapidly completes the phase transition and establishes the light transmission path between the nanofibers, preventing light loss from reflection at the nanofiber-air interface. The resulting TRT membrane exhibits high transmittance (> 90%), and fast response (5 s). This study achieves the first TRT transition of NFMs, offering a general strategy for building highly transparent nanofiber materials, shaping the future of next-generation intelligent temperature monitoring, anti-counterfeiting measures, and other high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengceng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohui Liu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Meng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoju Fu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ding
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Lee WJ, Oh S, Park JE, Hwang J, Eom H. Scalable, solvent-free transparent film-based air filter with high particulate matter 2.5 filtration efficiency. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:165197. [PMID: 37391139 PMCID: PMC10300200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have realized the importance of wearing a mask. However, conventional nanofiber-based face masks impede communication between people because of their opacity. Moreover, it remains challenging to achieve both high filtration performance and transparency through fibrous mask filters without using harmful solvents. Herein, scalable transparent film-based filters with high transparency and collection efficiency are fabricated in a facile manner by means of corona discharging and punch stamping. Both methods improve the surface potential of the film while the punch stamping procedure generates micropores in the film, which enhances the electrostatic force between the film and particulate matter (PM), thereby improving the collection efficiency of the film. Moreover, the suggested fabrication method involves no nanofibers and harmful solvents, which mitigates the generation of microplastics and potential risks for the human body. The film-based filter provides a high PM2.5 collection efficiency of 99.9 % while maintaining a transparency of 52 % at the wavelength of 550 nm. This enables people to distinguish the facial expressions of a person wearing a mask composed of the proposed film-based filter. Moreover, the results of durability experiments indicate that the developed film-based filter is anti-fouling, liquid-resistant, microplastic-free and foldability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lee
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtae Oh
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York Korea, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonjin Eom
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhou Y, Han Y, Xu J, Han W, Gu F, Sun K, Huang X, Cai Z. Strong, flexible and UV-shielding composite polyvinyl alcohol films with wood cellulose skeleton and lignin nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123105. [PMID: 36603717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance composite films using biomass materials have become a sought-after direction. Herein, a green method to fabricate strong, flexible and UV-shielding biological composite film from wood cellulose skeleton (WCS), lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was described. In the work, WCS and LNPs were prepared by chemical treatment of wood veneer and Enzymatic lignin, respectively. Then, WCS was infiltrated with the LNPs/PVA mixtures and dried to obtain composite films. WCS enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite films, the tensile stress reached to 85.8 MPa and the tensile strain reached to 6.39 %. The composite films with LNPs blocked over 98 % of UV-light, the water absorption decreased by 30 %, and the thermal stabilities were also improved. These findings would provide some references for exploring high quality biological composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Jianan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wang Han
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot City 010018, China
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Kaiyong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xujuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Zhaosheng Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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7
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Zhang Z, Jia S, Wu W, Xiao G, Sundarrajan S, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun transparent nanofibers as a next generation face filtration media: A review. Biomater Adv 2023; 149:213390. [PMID: 36963249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of fascinating materials with functional properties has revolutionized the humankind with materials comfort, stopped the spreading of diseases, relieving the environmental pollution pressure, economized government research funds, and prolonged their serving life. The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered great global public health concern. Face masks are crucial tools to impede the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 from human to human. However, current face masks exhibit in a variety of colors (opaque), like blue, black, red, etc., leading to a communication barrier between the doctor and the deaf-mute patient when wearing a mask. High optical transparency filters can be utilized for both personal protection and lip-reading. Thus, shaping face air filter into a transparent appearance is an urgent need. Electrospinning technology, as a mature technology, is commonly used to form nanofiber materials utilizing high electrical voltage. With the alteration of the diameters of nanofibers, and proper material selection, it would be possible to make the transparent face mask. In this article, the research progress in the transparent face air filter is reviewed with emphasis on three parts: mechanism of the electrospinning process and light transmission, preparation of transparent face air filter, and their innovative potential. Through the assessment of classic cases, the benefits and drawbacks of various preparation strategies and products are evaluated, to provide general knowledge for the needs of different application scenarios. In the end, the development directions of transparent face masks in protective gear, particularly their novel functional applications and potential contributions in the prevention and control of the epidemic are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Shuyue Jia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
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8
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Su Z, Yang H, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Lin J, Jia D, Wang H, Lu Z, Hu P. Transparent and high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding composite film based on single-crystal graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:610-618. [PMID: 36878078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The multiple requirements of optical transmittance, high shielding effectiveness, and long-term stability bring considerable challenge to electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in the fields of visualization windows, transparent optoelectronic devices, and aerospace equipment. To this end, attempts were hereby made, and based on high-quality single crystal graphene (SCG)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructure, transparent EMI shielding films with weak secondary reflection, nanoscale ultra-thin thickness and long-term stability were finally realized by a composite structure. In this novel structure, SCG was adopted as the absorption layer, while sliver nanowires (Ag NWs) film acted as the reflection layer. These two layers were placed on different sides of the quartz to form a cavity, which achieved the dual coupling effect, so that the electromagnetic wave was reflected multiple times to form more absorption loss. Among the absorption dominant shielding films, the composite structure in this work demonstrated stronger shielding effectiveness of 28.76 dB with a higher light transmittance of 80.6%. In addition, under the protection of the outermost h-BN layer, the decline range of the shielding performance of the shielding film was extensively reduced after 30 days of exposure to air and maintained long-term stability. Overall, this study provides an outstanding EMI shielding material with great potential for practical applications in electronic devices protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Manufacturing of Ministry of Education (MOE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Manufacturing of Ministry of Education (MOE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Ultra-precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Manufacturing of Ministry of Education (MOE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dechang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Heyan Wang
- Ultra-precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhengang Lu
- Ultra-precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - PingAn Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Manufacturing of Ministry of Education (MOE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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9
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Tagliaro I, Seccia S, Pellegrini B, Bertini S, Antonini C. Chitosan-based coatings with tunable transparency and superhydrophobicity: A solvent-free and fluorine-free approach by stearoyl derivatization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120424. [PMID: 36604086 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the current greatest challenges in materials science and technology is the development of safe- and sustainable-by-design coatings with enhanced functionalities, e.g. to substitute fluorinated substances raising concerns for their potential hazard on human health. Bio-based polymeric coatings represent a promising route with a high potential. In this study, we propose an innovative sustainable method for fabricating coatings based on chitosan with modified functionality, with a fine-tuning of coating properties, namely transparency and superhydrophobicity. The process consists in two main steps: i) fluorine-free modification of chitosan functional groups with stearoyl chloride and freeze-drying to obtain a superhydrophobic powder, ii) coating deposition using a novel solvent-free approach through a thermal treatment. The modified chitosan is characterized to assess its chemico-physical properties and confirm the functionality modification with fatty acid tails. The deposition method enables tuning the coating properties of transparency and superhydrophobicity, maintaining good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tagliaro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Seccia
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Pellegrini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Carbohydrate Science Department, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Carbohydrate Science Department, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Antonini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Wang G, Zhao Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Ji G. Multifunctional Integrated Transparent Film for Efficient Electromagnetic Protection. Nanomicro Lett 2022; 14:65. [PMID: 35199232 PMCID: PMC8866598 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the promising building block for the fabrication of transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films. However, the practical application of Ag NW-based EMI shielding films has been restricted due to the unsatisfactory stability of Ag NW. Herein, we proposed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated Ag NW film, which realizes a seamless integration of optical transparency, highly efficient EMI shielding, reliable durability and stability. The Ag NW constructs a highly transparent and conductive network, and the rGO provides additional conductive path, showing a superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 33.62 dB at transmittance of 81.9%. In addition, the top rGO layer enables the hybrid film with reliable durability and chemical stability, which can maintain 96% and 90% EMI SE after 1000 times bending cycles at radius of 2 mm and exposure in air for 80 days. Furthermore, the rGO/Ag NW films also possess fast thermal response and heating stability, making them highly applicable in wearable devices. The synergy of Ag NW and rGO grants the hybrid EMI shielding film multiple desired functions and meanwhile overcomes the shortcomings of Ag NW. This work provides a reference for preparing multifunctional integrated transparent EMI shielding film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehuan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lin Q, Liu Z, Wong DSL, Lim CC, Liu CK, Guo L, Zhao X, Boo YJ, Wong JHM, Tan RPT, Xue K, Lim JYC, Su X, Loh XJ. High molecular weight hyper-branched PCL-based thermogelling vitreous endotamponades. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121262. [PMID: 34810039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitreous endotamponades play essential roles in facilitating retina recovery following vitreoretinal surgery, yet existing clinically standards are suboptimal as they can cause elevated intra-ocular pressure, temporary loss of vision, and cataracts while also requiring prolonged face-down positioning and removal surgery. These drawbacks have spurred the development of next-generation vitreous endotamponades, of which supramolecular hydrogels capable of in-situ gelation have emerged as top contenders. Herein, we demonstrate thermogels formed from hyper-branched amphiphilic copolymers as effective transparent and biodegradable vitreous endotamponades for the first time. These hyper-branched copolymers are synthesised via polyaddition of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly(ε-caprolactone)-diol, and glycerol (branch inducing moiety) with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The hyper-branched thermogels are injected as sols and undergo spontaneous gelation when warmed to physiological temperatures in rabbit eyes. We found that polymers with an optimal degree of hyper-branching showed excellent biocompatibility and was able to maintain retinal function with minimal atrophy and inflammation, even at absolute molecular weights high enough to cause undesirable in-vivo effects for their linear counterparts. The hyper-branched thermogel is cleared naturally from the vitreous through surface hydrogel erosion and negates surgical removal. Our findings expand the scope of polymer architectures suitable for in-vivo intraocular therapeutic applications beyond linear constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, 169856, Singapore
| | - Daniel S L Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore
| | - Chen Chuan Lim
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Connie K Liu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Liangfeng Guo
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Joey H M Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Rebekah P T Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, 169856, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, NUH Medical Centre, Level 17, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, #01-30 General Office, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore.
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12
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Zeng S, Zhang J, Zu G, Huang J. Transparent, flexible, and multifunctional starch-based double-network hydrogels as high-performance wearable electronics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118198. [PMID: 34119165 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demands of sustainability and eco-friendliness, biopolymer-based hydrogels combining flexibility and ionic conductivity have drawn great attention for green and wearable sensors. However, the preparation of transparent, flexible, durable, and highly sensitive biopolymer hydrogel-based sensors for strain/pressure and humidity sensing remains a challenge. Herein, a facile one-step strategy is proposed to fabricate transparent, highly flexible, and multifunctional starch/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogels based on natural renewable starch. The resultant hydrogels exhibit fast self-adhesive ability and present high flexibility attributing to the double network consisting of cross-linked starch and polyacrylamide. Then the hydrogels can be assembled as transparent, self-adhesive, flexible, highly sensitive, and multifunctional strain/pressure and humidity sensors for accurate healthcare monitoring. The hydrogel-based sensor shows ultrahigh sensitivity to humidity (35-97% relative humidity). The multifunctionality and biological advantages of starch-based hydrogels offer potential applications in next-generation green and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China
| | - Guoqing Zu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China.
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China.
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13
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Pranto TH, Noman AA, Mahmud A, Haque AKMB. Blockchain and smart contract for IoT enabled smart agriculture. PeerJ Comput Sci 2021; 7:e407. [PMID: 33834098 PMCID: PMC8022535 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural sector is still lagging behind from all other sectors in terms of using the newest technologies. For production, the latest machines are being introduced and adopted. However, pre-harvest and post-harvest processing are still done by following traditional methodologies while tracing, storing, and publishing agricultural data. As a result, farmers are not getting deserved payment, consumers are not getting enough information before buying their product, and intermediate person/processors are increasing retail prices. Using blockchain, smart contracts, and IoT devices, we can fully automate the process while establishing absolute trust among all these parties. In this research, we explored the different aspects of using blockchain and smart contracts with the integration of IoT devices in pre-harvesting and post-harvesting segments of agriculture. We proposed a system that uses blockchain as the backbone while IoT devices collect data from the field level, and smart contracts regulate the interaction among all these contributing parties. The system implementation has been shown in diagrams and with proper explanations. Gas costs of every operation have also been attached for a better understanding of the costs. We also analyzed the system in terms of challenges and advantages. The overall impact of this research was to show the immutable, available, transparent, and robustly secure characteristics of blockchain in the field of agriculture while also emphasizing the vigorous mechanism that the collaboration of blockchain, smart contract, and IoT presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmid Hasan Pranto
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdulla All Noman
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Atik Mahmud
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - AKM Bahalul Haque
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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14
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Cao D, Wang A, Yu X, Yin H, Zhang J, Mi B, Gao Z. Room-temperature preparation of TiO 2/graphene composite photoanodes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:326-334. [PMID: 33160629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Semi-transparent TiO2/graphene photoanodes are prepared at room temperature via an electrophoretic deposition method followed by compression and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Compression enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a DSSC, which constitutes up 18.4 times improvement compared to the uncompressed device. Incorporating graphene into the compressed film further improves the PCE by 28.8%. Simultaneously, compressing and graphene incorporating can greatly increase the film's transmittance at long wavelengths, benefiting to the use of DSSCs as front unit in tandem solar cells. Scanning electron microscopy, porosity measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit voltage decay are performed to investigate the mechanisms. It is demonstrated that compressing a film can reduce the porosity and improve the inter-particle connections, which accounts for the increased light transmittance and enhanced PCE. The incorporated graphene can provide extra charge carrier pathway due to its excellent charge transport properties, as well as protect TiO2 nanostructure by preventing film cracking upon pressing due to its good flexibility, thus increases PCE to 6.75%, which, to our best knowledge, is the highest value among DSSCs with room-temperature prepared photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Anchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiming Yin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu Engineering Centre for Plate Displays & Solid State Lighting, and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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15
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Dong W, Li B, Wei J, Tian N, Liang W, Zhang J. Environmentally friendly, durable and transparent anti-fouling coatings applicable onto various substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:429-439. [PMID: 33631530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anti-fouling coatings are of great interest because of their unique wettability and self-cleaning property, but their widespread applications are seriously hindered by low stability, heavy usage of fluorinated compounds and low transparency, etc. Here, we report a new kind of smooth anti-fouling coatings based on methyltrimethoxysilane. The coatings were fabricated by preparing a stock solution via hydrolytic condensation of methyltrimethoxysilane in isopropanol, followed by wiping the glass slide with the non-woven fabric that sucked the stock solution. The transparent anti-fouling coatings have excellent anti-fouling properties against various fluids such as water, n-hexadecane, diiodomethane, daily encountered liquids (e.g., milk, coffee, red wine, soy sauce and cooking oil), mark seals, artificial fingerprint liquids and paints (both water-based and oil-based), etc. The fluids can easily roll off from the 4-30° titled coatings. Furthermore, the coatings have good mechanical (200 cycles of friction, scratching and bending), chemical (saline, acidic and basic solutions) and thermal stability (boiling and 300 °C heating) regarding the easy sliding behavior of the probing liquids. In addition, the anti-fouling coatings are applicable onto various substrates via the same procedure. The smooth anti-fouling coatings have huge potential applications, owing to the excellent anti-fouling properties, high stability as well as the non-fluorinated and simple preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Dong
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Bucheng Li
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jinfei Wei
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ning Tian
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Jerald Maria Antony G, Raja S, Aruna ST, Jarali CS. Effect of the addition of diurethane dimethacrylate on the chemical and mechanical properties of tBA-PEGDMA acrylate based shape memory polymer network. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103951. [PMID: 32957243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a great demand for the synthesis of acrylate based thermoset shape memory polymer (SMP) associated with one monomer and one crosslinker such as tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA) with poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). The present work describes the synthesis of a new thermoset SMP wherein a second monomer such as diurethane dimethacrylate (DUDMA) has been added to the existing tBA + PEGDMA SMP matrix. The synthesized thermoset shape memory polymer exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 °C, higher Young's Modulus of 3.23 GPa, transmittance of 95% and 100% shape recovery. The SMP exhibited response to both thermal and chemical stimuli. The shape recovery rate of the SMP network is 20 s compared to 24 s observed for SMP based on tBA + PEGDMA. The obtained SMP is very transparent and possesses higher stiffness (8 MPa) and hence may be suitable for biomedical shape memory lens and orthopedic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jerald Maria Antony
- Structural Technologies Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, HAL-Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore, 560017, India
| | - S Raja
- Structural Technologies Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, HAL-Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore, 560017, India
| | - S T Aruna
- Surface Engineering Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, HAL-Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore, 560017, India.
| | - Chetan S Jarali
- Structural Technologies Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, HAL-Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore, 560017, India
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17
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Su X, Yang Z, Tan KB, Chen J, Huang J, Li Q. Preparation and characterization of ethyl cellulose film modified with capsaicin. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116259. [PMID: 32507184 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pure ethyl cellulose film cannot extend the shelf life of food, and adding capsaicin as an antibacterial agent can inhibit the activity of microorganisms on the surface of the film. The main purpose of this work is to study the properties and specific performance of the film formed by adding capsaicin to ethyl cellulose system. Importantly, the transparent, soft, and stretchable ethyl cellulose-capsaicin composite membrane (EC-Cap) is generally easy to produce and is environmentally friendly. It is the first successful preparation by a casting method. It is worth noting that the FTIR analysis of the film shows that there may be an interaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group in Cap and the hydroxyl group in EC, which means that Cap has successfully participated in the film formation system. Therefore, the cap-containing film not only exhibits a low water absorption, when the cap is appropriate, the elongation at break of the film reaches a maximum of 61.34 % ± 1.37 %. Compared with pure EC membrane, EC-Cap membrane has greater antibacterial activity than pure EC membrane. The practical application of EC-Cap films in the protection of bell peppers has shown positive results, which makes it possible to apply these films to food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Su
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, PR China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, PR China
| | - Kok Bing Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, PR China
| | - Jianfu Chen
- School of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China.
| | - Jiale Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, PR China.
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, PR China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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18
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Zhao X, Park DS, Choi J, Park S, Soper SA, Murphy MC. Robust, transparent, superhydrophobic coatings using novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic dual-sized silica particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:347-354. [PMID: 32335484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The superhydrophobic lotus leaf has dual-scale surface structures, that is, nano-bumps on micro-mountains. Large hydrophilic particles, due to its high surface energy and weight, have high affility to substrates and tend to precipitate at the bottom of coating films. Small hydrophobic particles, due to its low surface energy and weight, tends to sit on the top of coating films and form porous structures. To mimic the lotus leaf surface, it may be possible to develop dual-sized particle films, in which small particles are decorated on large particles. EXPERIMENTS A one-step spin coating of a mixture of dual-sized silica particles (55/200 nm) was used. Epoxy resin was added to improve the adhesion of particle films. The single-sized and dual-sized particle films were compared. The mechanical robustness of particle films was tested by tape peeling and droplet impact. FINDINGS The novel combination of hydrophobic silica (55 nm) and hydrophilic silica (200 nm) is essential in creating the hierarchical structures. By combining the strong adhesion of hydrophilic silica (bottom of coating film) to polymer substrates and porous structures of hydrophobic silica (top of coating film), we first time report a one-step and versatile approach to create uniform, transparent, robust, and superhydrophobic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Daniel S Park
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Steven A Soper
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Michael C Murphy
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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19
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He P, Chen W, Li J, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang E. Keggin and Dawson polyoxometalates as electrodes for flexible and transparent piezoelectric nanogenerators to efficiently utilize mechanical energy in the environment. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:35-44. [PMID: 36659066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have been developed as a promising energy-harvesting electronic device. However, the electrodes of most PENGs devices are precious metals, thus increasing the production cost. Here, we propose a flexible transparent PENGs with polyoxometalates (POMs) as the electrodes; it can effectively utilize ambient mechanical energy to generate electricity. Five types of polyoxometalates with different structures and compositions are selected as the electrode materials for PENGs for the first time, and the output performance of different PENGs electrode devices is tested. The PENG device with (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 as the electrode can steadily provide a high electric output with an open-circuit voltage of 2.8 mV and a short-circuit current of 8.5 µA at the bending degree of 90°. At the same time, the transmission spectrum shows that the average visible transmittance (AVT) of PENG can reach 31%, thus outperforming the benchmark for window applications. Finally, the working mechanism, force analysis, repeatability, and stability of PENG are systematically evaluated. All the studies show that this flexible transparent device has potential application prospect in wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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20
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Ezzelarab MH, Nouh O, Ahmed AN, Anany MG, Rachidi NGE, Salem AS. A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Transparent Film Dressings and Conventional Occlusive Dressings for Elective Surgical Procedures. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2844-2850. [PMID: 31844447 PMCID: PMC6901868 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is one of the major health-care-associated problems causing substantial morbidity and mortality and constituting a financial burden on hospitals as well. The wound management is one of the crucial evidence-based strategies in the reduction of surgical site infection rates AIM: To study the impact of standardisation of transparent semipermeable dressing procedure on the rate of surgical site infection in comparison with conventional dressing in clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. METHODS: The study included 100 patients who were admitted to surgical wards in Cairo university hospitals, for clean and clean-contaminated operations, in the period from February 2017 to August 2017. Immunocompromised and uncontrolled diabetic patients were excluded. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; in the first group, patients wounds were covered using transparent semipermeable dressing, while the second group patients’ wounds were covered using conventional occlusive gauze dressing. Patients were followed up for criteria of infection every other day during the first week then at two weeks, three weeks and four weeks. RESULTS: In clean and clean-contaminated operations, the transparent dressing group showed a significantly lesser rate of surgical site infection at (2%), compared with the conventional occlusive gauze dressing group with a surgical site infection rate of (14%) (p-value of 0.02). CONCLUSION: The transparent semipermeable dressing is effective in reducing surgical site infection rate in clean and clean-contaminated operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Nouh
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mervat Gaber Anany
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Song R, Wang Q, Chen H, Zhang B, Lv H, Wu Z, He D. Flexible and transparent graphene/silver-nanowires composite film for high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:540-546. [PMID: 36659744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an efficient approach to prepare flexible, transparent, and lightweight films based on graphene nanosheets (GNS) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) for high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) has been explained. High-conductive GNS were fabricated by liquid phase stripping and composited with AgNWs by a two-step spin-coating method. Owing to the high transparency, good conductivity, and homogeneous distribution of both GNS and AgNWs, the obtained GNS/AgNWs film exhibits superb EMI SE and light transmittance, yielding a significantly high EMI SE up to 26 dB in both Ku-band and K-band and light transmittance higher than 78.4%. Moreover, this GNS/AgNWs film shows good flexibility and excellent structural stability. The obtained flexible, light and transparent film could have a great potential for transparent EMI shielding and smart electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongguo Song
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianlong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Graphene Application and Technology (SIAGAT), Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Hongye Chen
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haifei Lv
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daping He
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Alyami A, Quinn AJ, Iacopino D. Flexible and transparent Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Active Ag NPs/PDMS composites for in-situ detection of food contaminants. Talanta 2019; 201:58-64. [PMID: 31122461 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of flexible and transparent Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates enabling fast, sensitive and on site detection is relevant for the practical application of SERS for real world analysis, such as food safety and organic pollutants monitoring. In this work novel Ag NPs/PDMS composites were fabricated and employed for the SERS detection of food contaminants directly on food surfaces. Ag NPs/PDMS composites were obtained by self-assembly of organic Ag nanoparticle solutions on flexible PDMS surfaces. Preliminary evaluation of the suitability of Ag NPs/PDMS probes for SERS analysis showed that composites were characterized by a SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 3.1 × 105, good stability and resistance to harsh conditions as well as good uniformity and batch to bach reproducibility. The "sticky" nature of Ag NPs/PDMS composites was exploited to "paste" them on irregular analytical surfaces, thus enabling the detection in situ of food contaminant crystal violet (CV) and pesticide thiram, respectively. Specifically, CV and thiram concentrations as low as 1 × 10-7 M and 1 × 10-5 M were measured on contaminated fish skin and orange peel, respectively. Furthermore, efficient SERS detection by micro-extraction of CV from fish skin and thiram from fruit surfaces was achieved, showing the analytical versatility of the fabricated SERS composites.
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Pasternak G, Yang Y, Santos BB, Brunello F, Hanczyc MM, Motta A. Regenerated silk fibroin membranes as separators for transparent microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 126:146-155. [PMID: 30597451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years novel applications of bioelectrochemical systems are exemplified by phototrophic biocathodes, biocompatible enzymatic fuel cells and biodegradable microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Herein, transparent silk fibroin membranes (SFM) with various fibroin content (2%, 4% and 8%) were synthesised and employed as separators in MFCs and compared with standard cation exchange membranes (CEM) as a control. The highest real-time power performance of thin-film SFM was reached by 2%-SFM separators: 25.7 ± 7.4 μW, which corresponds to 68% of the performance of the CEM separators (37.7 ± 3.1 μW). Similarly, 2%-SFM revealed the highest coulombic efficiency of 6.65 ± 1.90%, 74% of the CEM efficiency. Current for 2%-SFM reached 0.25 ± 0.03 mA (86% of CEM control). Decrease of power output was observed after 23 days for 8% and 4% and was a consequence of deterioration of SFMs, determined by physical, chemical and biological studies. This is the first time that economical and transparent silk fibroin polymers were successfully employed in MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Pasternak
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo TN, Italy; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Yuejiao Yang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Bruno Bosquiroli Santos
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo TN, Italy; Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12-602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Federico Brunello
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo TN, Italy
| | - Martin M Hanczyc
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Povo TN, Italy; Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Mori H, Hara M. Transparent biocompatible wool keratin film prepared by mechanical compression of porous keratin hydrogel. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 91:19-25. [PMID: 30033245 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We could prepare a transparent wool keratin film by mechanical compression of the keratin hydrogel, which was prepared by our method previously reported. Optical transmittance of the keratin film was approximately 70% at 400 nm and 80% at 550 nm. The keratin film had higher mechanical strength than the keratin hydrogel estimated from the tensile test. Young's modulus of the keratin film and that of keratin hydrogel were 0.582 ± 0.294 MPa and 0.041 ± 0.008 MPa, respectively. We evaluated degradability of keratin film by tryptic digestion in vitro and that also by implantation test in vivo. The keratin film showed slower degradation rate in the presence of trypsin in vitro, and also that as a subcutaneous implant in mouse in vivo. Biocompatibility is also a key factor for application of keratin as biomaterials. Within several days after subcutaneous implantation of the sample in mouse, an apparent symptom of acute inflammation of tissues, such as swelling of the reddish skin, was not observed. Keratin film remained in the original morphology of sheet-like structure while keratin hydrogel was degraded with many cracks and gaps after implantation for several weeks. We concluded from those results that keratin film was mostly biocompatible without provoking inflammation nor encapsulation, mechanically stronger than the keratin hydrogel, and was more resistant to degradation than the keratin hydrogel.
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Kusakisako K, Hernandez EP, Talactac MR, Yoshii K, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Peroxiredoxins are important for the regulation of hydrogen peroxide concentrations in ticks and tick cell line. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:872-881. [PMID: 29576393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites, as they need to feed blood from vertebrate hosts for development. Host blood contains high levels of iron. Host-derived iron may lead to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Since a high concentration of H2O2 causes serious damage to organisms, this molecule is known to be a harmful chemical compound for aerobic organisms. On the other hand, the transparent method is compatible with chemical fluorescent probes. Therefore, we tried to establish the visualizing method for H2O2 in unfed tick tissues. The combination method of a chemical fluorescent probe (BES-H2O2-Ac) with the transparent method, Scale, demonstrated in unfed tick tissues that H2O2 and paraquat could induce oxidative stress in the tissues, such as the midgut and ovary. In addition, an H2O2 detection method using BES-H2O2-Ac was established in Ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line (ISE6) in vitro to evaluate the antioxidant activity of peroxiredoxins (PRXs), H2O2 scavenging enzymes, against H2O2 in the cells. The effects of paraquat in ISE6 cells were also observed in the PRXs gene-silenced ISE6 cells. A high intensity of H2O2 fluorescence induced by paraquat was observed in the PRX gene-knockdowned cells. These results suggest that H2O2 and paraquat act as an H2O2 inducer, and PRX genes are important for the regulation of the H2O2 concentration in unfed ticks and ISE6 cells. Therefore, this study contributes to the search for H2O2 visualization in ticks and tick cell line and furthers understanding of the tick's oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Kusakisako
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Melbourne Rio Talactac
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Department of Clinical and Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Cavite 4122, Philippines
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita-18 Nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Chung M, Radacsi N, Robert C, McCarthy ED, Callanan A, Conlisk N, Hoskins PR, Koutsos V. On the optimization of low-cost FDM 3D printers for accurate replication of patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry. 3D Print Med 2018; 4:2. [PMID: 29782613 PMCID: PMC5954792 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-017-0023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a potential for direct model manufacturing of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using 3D printing technique for generating flexible semi-transparent prototypes. A patient-specific AAA model was manufactured using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. A flexible, semi-transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), called Cheetah Water (produced by Ninjatek, USA), was used as the flexible, transparent material for model manufacture with a hydrophilic support structure 3D printed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Printing parameters were investigated to evaluate their effect on 3D-printing precision and transparency of the final model. ISO standard tear resistance tests were carried out on Ninjatek Cheetah specimens for a comparison of tear strength with silicone rubbers. RESULTS It was found that an increase in printing speed decreased printing accuracy, whilst using an infill percentage of 100% and printing nozzle temperature of 255 °C produced the most transparent results. The model had fair transparency, allowing external inspection of model inserts such as stent grafts, and good flexibility with an overall discrepancy between CAD and physical model average wall thicknesses of 0.05 mm (2.5% thicker than the CAD model). The tear resistance test found Ninjatek Cheetah TPU to have an average tear resistance of 83 kN/m, higher than any of the silicone rubbers used in previous AAA model manufacture. The model had lower cost (4.50 GBP per model), shorter manufacturing time (25 h 3 min) and an acceptable level of accuracy (2.61% error) compared to other methods. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the model would be of use in endovascular aneurysm repair planning and education, particularly for practicing placement of hooked or barbed stents, due to the model's balance of flexibility, transparency, robustness and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chung
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
| | - Colin Robert
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
| | - Edward D. McCarthy
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
| | - Noel Conlisk
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Peter R. Hoskins
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB UK
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Becker AB, Todd ME. Watching the Evolution of the American Family? Amazon's Transparent, Ecological Systems Theory, and the Changing Dynamics of Public Opinion. J Homosex 2017; 65:1120-1137. [PMID: 29144848 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1406212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems theory as an organizing framework, the research closely examines the text of the Amazon Studios hit show Transparent and, by extension, the evolution of public opinion toward transgender individuals. By examining the Pfefferman family in detail and their related microsystem and macrosystem, we are able to closely unpack the transition of Jeffrey Tambor's character from Mort to Maura and the show's connections with broader developments in the Los Angeles LGBT community and the Jewish diaspora in postwar and contemporary Los Angeles. In addition, by focusing on the influence of the chronosystem, we are able to examine how both opinions toward Maura and public opinion toward transgender issues more generally have evolved within the family system and the larger American community over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Becker
- a Department of Communication , Loyola University Maryland , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Maureen E Todd
- b Department of Family Studies and Community Development , Towson University , Towson , Maryland , USA
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28
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Yao W, Bae KJ, Jung MY, Cho YR. Transparent, conductive, and superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings on polymer substrate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:429-436. [PMID: 28750244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transparent, conductive, and superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings were fabricated on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate by a spray method. Different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) entwined with SiO2 nanoparticles, which originated from the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate, were sprayed to form MWCNTs/SiO2 nanocomposite coatings. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, and other analytical techniques. The surface morphology, hydrophobicity, transparency, and conductivity of the nanocomposite coating were found to be strongly dependent on the MWCNT concentration. With increasing MWCNT concentration, the hydrophobicity increased first and then decreased, and the optical transmittance and sheet resistance decreased. The enhanced hydrophobicity was associated with the surface microstructure and chemical composition of the coating. The decreased hydrophobicity resulted mainly from the decrease in the trapped air between the water droplet and the nanocomposite coating. Owing to the hierarchically porous 3-dimensional microstructure and opportune fluorinated MWCNT content, the nanocomposite coating with 0.2wt% MWCNTs exhibited the best hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 156.7°, good transparency with 95.7% transmittance and relatively high conductivity with a sheet resistance of 3.2×104Ωsq-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yao
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Jin Bae
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Yung Jung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Cho
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Martin S, Bhushan B. Transparent, wear-resistant, superhydrophobic and superoleophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 488:118-126. [PMID: 27821332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Superoleophobic surfaces that exhibit self-cleaning, antifouling, low-drag, and anti-smudge properties with high transparency are of interest in industrial applications including optical devices, solar panels, and self-cleaning windows. In many superoleophobic surfaces created to date, the lack of mechanical durability has been an issue. In this work, for the first time, transparent, wear-resistant, superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces were developed for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a simple and scalable fabrication technique. PDMS is of importance in biomedical applications as it is biocompatible, chemically stable, and transparent. PDMS was made superhydrophobic either through micropatterning or an applied coating of hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles with a binder of methylphenyl silicone resin. Through the addition of fluorination via fluorosilane, the nanoparticle/binder coating was made superoleophobic. Intermediate steps using ultraviolet-ozone treatment were required for improved deposition and adhesion of the coatings. The effects of surface treatments were examined through contact angle and tilt angle measurements. The coating was found to have re-entrant geometries desirable for superoleophobicity and to exhibit mechanical wear resistance and transparent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martin
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA.
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30
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Ebert D, Bhushan B. Transparent, superhydrophobic, and wear-resistant surfaces using deep reactive ion etching on PDMS substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:82-90. [PMID: 27454031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces that simultaneously exhibit superhydrophobicity, low contact angle hysteresis, and high transmission of visible light are of interest for many applications, such as optical devices, solar panels, and self-cleaning windows. Superhydrophobicity could also find use in medical devices where antifouling characteristics are desirable. These applications also typically require mechanical wear resistance. The fabrication of such surfaces is challenging due to the competing goals of superhydrophobicity and transmittance in terms of the required degree of surface roughness. In this study, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) was used to create rough surfaces on PDMS substrates using a O2/CF4 plasma. Surfaces then underwent an additional treatment with either octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) plasma or vapor deposition of perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTCS) following surface activation with O2 plasma. The effects of surface roughness and the additional surface modifications were examined with respect to the contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, and optical transmittance. To examine wear resistance, a sliding wear experiment was performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM).
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Schargel K, Placeres-Daban J, Garcia-Conca V, Belda JI, Aguirre Balsalobre F. [Improving the visualization of non-absorbable T-Flux(®) implants in deep sclerectomy. Colouring technique]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 89:226-8. [PMID: 24269463 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a staining technique that will enhance the visualization of non-absorbable T-Flux implants. METHODS The technique was applied to non-absorbable T-Flux implants. The implants were submerged for 5 to 10 minutes in a sodium fluorescein solution, and dried with a sponge when removed from the solution. DISCUSSION This is a very simple and easy procedure that uses a common fluorescein solution to enhance the contrast between the surgical field and a transparent implant used in deep sclerectomy. This colour technique will decrease the risk of loss of the implant in the surgical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schargel
- Sección de Glaucoma, Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, España.
| | - J Placeres-Daban
- Sección de Retina, Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, España
| | - V Garcia-Conca
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, España
| | - J I Belda
- Sección de Glaucoma, Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, España
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Lu Y, Sun Q, She X, Xia Y, Liu Y, Li J, Yang D. Fabrication and characterisation of α-chitin nanofibers and highly transparent chitin films by pulsed ultrasonication. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1497-504. [PMID: 24053832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Chitin nanofibers were fabricated with dried shrimp shells via a simple high-intensity ultrasonic treatment under neutral conditions (60 KHz, 300 W, pH=7). The diameter of the obtained chitin nanofibers could be controlled within 20-200 nm by simply adjusting the ultrasonication time. The pulsed ultrasound disassembled natural chitin into high-aspect-ratio nanofibers with a uniform width (19.4 nm after 30 min sonication). The EDS, FTIR, and XRD characterisation results verified that α-chitin crystalline structure and molecular structure were maintained after the chemical purification and ultrasonic treatments. Interestingly, ultrasonication can slightly increase the degree of crystallinity of chitin (from 60.1 to 65.8). Furthermore, highly transparent chitin films (the transmittance was 90.2% at a 600 nm) and flexible ultralight chitin foams were prepared from chitin nanofiber hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
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