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Bao X, Gu Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Pan H, Huang S, Meng Z, Chen X. Microplastics derived from plastic mulch films and their carrier function effect on the environmental risk of pesticides. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171472. [PMID: 38458459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Plastic film mulching can maintain soil water and heat conditions, promote plant growth and thus generate considerable economic benefits in agriculture. However, as they age, these plastics degrade and form microplastics (MPs). Additionally, pesticides are widely utilized to control organisms that harm plants, and they can ultimately enter and remain in the environment after use. Pesticides can also be sorbed by MPs, and the sorption kinetics and isotherms explain the three stages of pesticide sorption: rapid sorption, slow sorption and sorption equilibrium. In this process, hydrophobic and partition interactions, electrostatic interactions and valence bond interactions are the main sorption mechanisms. Additionally, small MPs, biodegradable MPs and aged conventional MPs often exhibit stronger pesticide sorption capacity. As environmental conditions change, especially in simulated biological media, pesticides can desorb from MPs. The utilization of pesticides by environmental microorganisms is the main factor controlling the degradation rate of pesticides in the presence of MPs. Pesticide sorption by MPs and size effects of MPs on pesticides are related to the internal exposure level of biological pesticides and changes in pesticide toxicity in the presence of MPs. Most studies have suggested that MPs exacerbate the toxicological effects of pesticides on sentinel species. Hence, the environmental risks of pesticides are altered by MPs and the carrier function of MPs. Based on this, research on the affinity between MPs and various pesticides should be systematically conducted. During agricultural production, pesticides should be cautiously selected and used plastic film to ensure human health and ecological security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yuntong Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hui Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Hao Y, Min J, Ju S, Zeng X, Xu J, Li J, Wang H, Shaheen SM, Bolan N, Rinklebe J, Shi W. Possible hazards from biodegradation of soil plastic mulch: Increases in microplastics and CO 2 emissions. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133680. [PMID: 38325094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulches are widely recognized as ecologically friendly substances. However, their degradation percentage upon entering soils may vary based on mulch type and soil microbial activities, raising concerns about potential increases in microplastics (MPs). The effects of using different types of mulch on soil carbon pools and its potential to accelerate their depletion have not yet well understood. Therefore, we conducted an 18-month experiment to investigate mulch biodegradation and its effects on CO2 emissions. The experiment included burying soil with biodegradable mulch made of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and control treatments with traditional mulch (PE) and no mulch (CK). The results indicated that PE did not degrade, and the degradation percentage of PLA and PBAT were 46.2% and 88.1%, and the MPs produced by the degradation were 6.7 × 104 and 37.2 × 104 items/m2, respectively. Biodegradable mulch, particularly PLA, can enhance soil microbial diversity and foster more intricate bacterial communities compared to PE. The CO2 emissions were 0.58, 0.74, 0.99, and 0.86 g C/kg in CK, PE, PLA, , PBAT, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between microbial abundance and diversity with CO2 emissions, while a negative correlation was observed with soil total organic carbon. Biodegradable mulch enhanced the transformation of soil organic C into CO2 by stimulating microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju Min
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shengrong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jianbing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Lee WJ, Oh S, Park JE, Hwang J, Eom H. Scalable, solvent-free transparent film-based air filter with high particulate matter 2.5 filtration efficiency. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:165197. [PMID: 37391139 PMCID: PMC10300200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have realized the importance of wearing a mask. However, conventional nanofiber-based face masks impede communication between people because of their opacity. Moreover, it remains challenging to achieve both high filtration performance and transparency through fibrous mask filters without using harmful solvents. Herein, scalable transparent film-based filters with high transparency and collection efficiency are fabricated in a facile manner by means of corona discharging and punch stamping. Both methods improve the surface potential of the film while the punch stamping procedure generates micropores in the film, which enhances the electrostatic force between the film and particulate matter (PM), thereby improving the collection efficiency of the film. Moreover, the suggested fabrication method involves no nanofibers and harmful solvents, which mitigates the generation of microplastics and potential risks for the human body. The film-based filter provides a high PM2.5 collection efficiency of 99.9 % while maintaining a transparency of 52 % at the wavelength of 550 nm. This enables people to distinguish the facial expressions of a person wearing a mask composed of the proposed film-based filter. Moreover, the results of durability experiments indicate that the developed film-based filter is anti-fouling, liquid-resistant, microplastic-free and foldability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lee
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtae Oh
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York Korea, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonjin Eom
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Gao W, Wang C, Gao M. Distinct distribution patterns and functional potentials of rare and abundant microorganisms between plastisphere and soils. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162413. [PMID: 36842601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of plastic film has caused the "white pollution" of farmlands in greenhouses. To date, most studies on the ecology of the plastisphere have focused on the whole microbial community, with few on the rare and abundant taxa, especially in the terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the plastisphere rare and abundant taxa of bacterial and fungal communities, we collected residues of plastic film from plastic-covered soils in the greenhouse. The plastisphere was significantly different from surrounding soils in terms of alpha- and beta-diversities of abundant and rare taxa. Such discrepancies were greater in rare taxa than in abundant taxa. Besides, the enrichment of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi in the plastisphere implied that plastic film residues can act as vectors for pathogen transmission. In the plastisphere, the stochastic process governed the assemblies of rare taxa, while deterministic assemblies dominated that of abundant taxa. However, in surrounding soils, the stochastic process played a larger role in abundant taxa as compared to rare taxa. The plastisphere showed a network of less complexity, more competitive connections, and more modules compared to surrounding soils, and rare taxa played greater roles than abundant taxa. There existed obvious discrepancies in the microbial functions between surrounding soils and plastisphere, including carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, and rare taxa contribute large proportions to the above cycling processes. Altogether, the findings advance our understanding of ecological mechanisms of abundant and rare taxa in the plastisphere in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Miao Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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5
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Zhao Z, Wu H, Jin T, Liu H, Men J, Cai G, Cernava T, Duan G, Jin D. Biodegradable mulch films significantly affected rhizosphere microbial communities and increased peanut yield. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:162034. [PMID: 36754316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films are widely used to replace conventional plastic films in agricultural fields. However, their ecological effects on different microbial communities that naturally inhabit agricultural fields are scarcely explored. Herein, differences in bacterial communities recovered from biofilms, bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil were comparatively assessed for polyethylene film (PE) and biodegradable mulch film (BDM) application in peanut planted fields. The results showed that the plastic film type significantly influenced the bacterial community in different ecological niches of agricultural fields (P < 0.001). Specifically, BDMs significantly increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. The bacterial communities in each ecological niche were distinguishable from each other; bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil showed the most pronounced response among different treatments. Acidobacteria and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil when BDMs were used. BDMs also increased the rhizosphere soil bacterial network complexity and stability. The enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil under BDMs may also have implications for the observed increase in peanut yield. Deepening analyses indicated that Pseudoxanthomonas and Glutamicibacter are biomarkers in biofilms of PE and BDMs respectively. Our study provides new insights into the consequences of the application of different types of plastic films on microbial communities in different ecological niches of agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Zhao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Haimiao Wu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Jianan Men
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangxing Cai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guilan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Zhang G, Ming B, Xie R, Chen J, Hou P, Xue J, Shen D, Li R, Zhai J, Zhang Y, Wang K, Li S. Reducing plastic film mulching and optimizing agronomic management can ensure food security and reduce carbon emissions in irrigated maize areas. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163507. [PMID: 37059139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields to ensure food security while also reducing agriculture's environmental impacts to ensure green sustainable development are great challenges for global agriculture. Plastic film, widely used to improve crop yield, also creates plastic film residue pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that restricts the development of sustainable agriculture. So, one of those challenges is to reduce plastic film use while also ensuring food security, and thus promote green and sustainable development. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2020 at 3 farmland areas, each with different altitudes and climate conditions, in northern Xinjiang, China. We investigated the effects on maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plastic film mulching (PFM) versus no mulching (NM) methods in drip-irrigated maize production. We also chose maize hybrids with 3 different maturation times and used 2 planting densities to further investigate how those differences more specifically affect maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under each mulching method. We found that by using maize varieties with a utilization rate of accumulated temperature (URAT) <86.6 % with NM, and increasing the planting density by 3 plants m-2, yields and economic returns improved and GHG emissions reduced by 33.1 %, compared to those of PFM maize. The maize varieties with URATs between 88.2 % to 89.2 %, had the lowest GHG emissions. We discovered that by matching the required accumulated temperatures of various maize varieties to environmental accumulated temperatures, along with filmless and higher density planting, and modern irrigation and fertilization practices, yields increased and residual plastic film pollution and carbon emissions reduced. Therefore, these advances in agronomic management are important steps toward reducing pollution and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Ming
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianglu Chen
- Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Division 6 of XPCG, Wujiaqu 831300, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Keru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li Y, Hou Y, Hou Q, Long M, Yang Y, Wang Z, Liao Y. Long-term plastic mulching decreases rhizoplane soil carbon sequestration by decreasing microbial anabolism. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161713. [PMID: 36682553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ridge-furrow with plastic mulching (RFPM) is a widely used agricultural practice in rain-fed farmlands. However, the impact of microbial related metabolism on soil organic carbon (SOC) is not fully understood. Amino sugar analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and high-throughput qPCR approaches are combined to investigate this topic, based on a long-term experiment. Treatments include flat planting without mulching (FP), ridge-furrow without mulching (RF), and RFPM. RFPM significantly decreases rhizoplane SOC contents, while bulk SOC contents change insignificantly across treatments. In terms of microbial metabolic pathways, RFPM decreases indicators of the in vivo metabolic pathway, whereas those of the ex vivo pathway are increased. In terms of microbial community features, core taxa module #1 is dominated by Sphingomonadaceae. These are putative high yield (Y) strategists, according to the microbial life-history strategy framework. They are closely related to the in vivo pathway and are most predictive for SOC; their abundance is highest under FP and lowest under RFPM. Core taxa module #2 is dominated by Chitinophagaceae, putative resource acquisition (A) strategists, that are closely related to the ex vivo pathway. Their abundance in the rhizoplane is highest under RFPM and lowest under FP. The RFPM-induced decline in SOC occurs simultaneously with the abundance of A-strategists with in vivo pathway but not the Y-strategists with ex vivo pathway. Overall, the result of this study shows a trade-off. In RFPM practice, the ex vivo microbial pathway is enhanced along with the abundance of A-strategists. This is not the case for the in vivo pathway and associated abundance of Y-strategists, which are closely associated with SOC. Our findings underlined the impact of rhizoplane microbial metabolic pathways on SOC status is key to agricultural practices in drylands such as RFPM, and advanced our understanding of how microbes affect the carbon cycling in dryland farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüze Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuting Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Quanming Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mei Long
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yali Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Yu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jia H, Li Y, Yao H. Abundances of agricultural microplastics and their contribution to the soil organic carbon pool in plastic film mulching fields of Xinjiang, China. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137837. [PMID: 36640972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic mulched agricultural fields in Xinjiang are regarded as potential "hotspots" of microplastic (MP) contamination in China, whereas the abundance of MPs in this region is still unclear. As a carbonaceous material, current conventional methods for measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) generally do not separate the MPs from soils, which probably overestimated the soil carbon (C) sequestration. In this study, 77 agricultural soil samples under plastic film mulching were collected in Xinjiang. Afterward, the average abundance of agricultural MPs and the contribution of microplastic-carbon (MP-C) to the SOC pool were evaluated. The abundance of MPs was 12,589 pieces kg-1 soil (ranging from 4198 to 47,420 pieces kg-1 soil), and small-sized (<0.5 mm) plastic particles accounted for 93.3% of the total MPs. Interestingly, the soil salt content was positively related to the proportion of 0.1-0.5 mm MP but negatively correlated with the proportion of 0.02-0.1 mm MP, indicating that soil salinization probably controlled the degradation process of plastic residues. The average content of MP-C in the 0-20 cm layer was 25.33 kg ha-1 (ranging from 1.60 to 192.57 kg ha-1), which had a contribution of 1.59‰ (ranging from 0.05 to 14.24‰) to the SOC pool. Accordingly, we roughly estimated that the MP-C storage (0-20 cm layer) was approximately 88.66 Gg in the plastic film mulching fields of Xinjiang. Although MP is undeniably organic C, this environmental pollution cannot be regarded as "true" soil C storage, which induces the overestimation of soil C sequestration in agricultural fields. Therefore, our results highlighted that MP-C should be subtracted when estimating SOC sequestration in plastic film mulching fields of Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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9
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Zixi H, Xu Z, Wuzhi H, Yong H. Pyrolytic biochar from plastic film waste addition on farmland for maize growth improvement: Process and effect study. Waste Manag 2023; 157:210-218. [PMID: 36566654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolyzing and returning to farmland is one of the potential methods for farmland plastic film waste. This study explored both pyrolyzation and activation optimum conditions of a mixture of plastic film (polyethylene) and maize straw (MPS) in a 1:5 ratio to produce MPS-char, investigated the action of the char on the maize seedling stage (for 30 days). The results showed that the char promoted the root to be more advanced than aboveground part, therefore, this study experimentally clarified the role MPS-char played when added to the soil. The functional groups of the char were varied by the participation of polyethylene. Carbon-based groups were observed, such as carbonyl or carboxyl groups, which could constitute an NH4+ absorption release system to increase the existence of urea in soil, therefore the average nitrogen concentration was improved by 16.18 %. However, the shallow soil temperature increased by 2.03 °C, and the deep soil temperature slightly decreased with the effect of MPS-char. While, the soil moisture content was slightly reduced in the second half of the experiment, and the soil oxygen content increased by 7.64 % throughout the whole experiment. Overall, returning MPS-char to farmland showed a positive effect on maize growth, which was caused by the variation of both chemical and physical properties. This variation provides opportunities for further promotion of rhizosphere development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zixi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wuzhi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Hou Yong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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10
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Cao J, Wang Q, Lei Y, Jiang X, Li M. Accumulation of microplastics and Tcep pollutants in agricultural soil: Exploring the links between metabolites and gut microbiota in earthworm homeostasis. Environ Int 2022; 170:107590. [PMID: 36272253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil contamination with plastic film has become a critical global environmental problem, requiring greater research on the possible occurrence and biological risk of microplastics (MPs) and their additives in soil ecosystems. The presence of MPs and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (Tcep) in agricultural soil was investigated at nine sites in the present study. Polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) and Tcep were found at all nine sites. To study co-exposure effects on soil microbiota and earthworms, and to mimic a realistic exposure scenario, 0.05 % (w/w) PE-MPs with three particle size ranges were combined with Tcep (1.0 mg/kg). After 28 days of exposure, there was no indication that added PE-MPs and/or Tcep significantly affected the soil microbial community structure. In earthworms, size-selective intake, digestion and egestion of PE-MPs may occur, with Tcep co-exposure affecting the residual Tcep concentration in earthworm intestines (3.52-9.31 μg/g dw). Long-term earthworm PE-MPs intake caused intestinal damage, and Tcep co-exposure increased oxidative stress, thereby influencing their feeding behavior and growth, resulting in weight loss (3.42 %-14.96 %), especially for the most common PE-MPs sizes (0-300 μm). High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for metabolomic analysis, revealing the significant up-regulation of citrate (p < 0.001) and down-regulation of l-glutamate (p < 0.05) in co-exposure groups. Co-exposure resulted in the alteration of most metabolic pathways, thereby impairing nervous, digestive and excretory systems in the earthworm, with an associated decrease in amino acid metabolism and changes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Gut microbiota, such as Proteobacteria (Verminephrobacter and Bradyrhizobium) and Firmicutes (Bacillus), are critically important in maintaining earthworm metabolic homeostasis, particularly for the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. Overall, MPs and Tcep co-exposure in agricultural soil enhanced their toxicity to earthworms and may potentially endanger the development of agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Zhang M, Han X, Dang P, Wang H, Chen Y, Qin X, Siddique KHM. Decreased carbon footprint and increased grain yield under ridge-furrow plastic film mulch with ditch-buried straw returning: A sustainable option for spring maize production in China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156412. [PMID: 35660437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ditch-buried straw returning with ridge-furrow plastic film mulch (RP+S) is a novel tillage measure in semiarid regions, but it is unclear whether RP+S can increase maize yield while reducing the carbon footprint (CF). Therefore, a six-year continuous experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2021 to quantify the effect of four straw returning and film mulching measures [conventional flat cultivation (CK), conventional flat cultivation with ditch-buried straw returning (CK+S), ridge-furrow plastic film mulch (RP), and RP+S] on soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCS), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, CF, and economic benefits. Straw returning and film mulching measures significantly increased total GHG emissions across the six seasons. For all treatments, nitrogen fertilizer was the most important source of GHG emissions (≥73%), followed by diesel (8-11%) and plastic film (8%, RP and RP+S only). RP+S significantly increased yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 8.7-59.1%, and net economic benefit by 7.37-57.76%, but decreased CF by 34-61% and CF per net return by 33-61% relative to the other treatments. RP+S had the highest GHG emissions, increasing by 6.11-16.47% relative to the other treatments. However, compared with the initial 0-40 cm SOCS in 2016, RP+S had the highest carbon sequestration rate (678.17 kg·ha-1·yr-1), increasing by 2.29% after six years, followed by CK+S (1.78%), CK (0.89%), and RP (-0.49%). Thus, RP+S had the lowest CF and CF per net return in four treatments. This comprehensive analysis of agronomic and environmental benefits revealed that RP+S is a high-yielding, economically and environmentally friendly measure in semiarid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqing Han
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Dang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoliang Qin
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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12
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Ohnuki K, Yoshimoto M, Haba H, Manabe S, Takashima H, Yasunaga M, Takenaka Y, Fujii H. Protection from contamination by 211At, an enigmatic but promising alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35666329 PMCID: PMC9167904 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose 211At, a promising alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide, can easily volatilize and contaminate the environment. To safely manage this unique alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide, we investigated the permeability of four types of plastic films and two types of rubber gloves against 211At and identified suitable materials that prevent contamination by 211At. Methods Four types of plastic films, polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, and a laminated film, and two types of rubber gloves, latex and nitrile, were examined. Small pieces of filter paper were covered with these materials, and a drop containing 100 kBq of 211At was placed on them. The radioactivity of the pieces of filter paper under the materials was evaluated by measuring counts using a gamma counter and obtaining autoradiograms 3.5 h later. These experiments were also performed using 225Ac, 125I, 111In, 201Tl, and 99mTc. Results 211At solution easily penetrated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and latex rubber. Similar results were obtained for 125I, while other radionuclides did not penetrate films or gloves. These results suggest that halogenic radionuclides under anionic conditions are likely to penetrate plastic films and rubber gloves. Conclusion Our evaluation revealed that, when 211At solution is used, the protection by polyvinylidene chloride, a laminated film, or nitrile rubber would be more effective than that by polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or latex rubber. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40658-022-00469-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Takenaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Bioplastic Research Team, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan.
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13
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Li Y, Yang R, Guo L, Gao W, Su P, Xu Z, Xiao H, Ma Z, Liu X, Gao P, Li B, Sun X, Yan G, Sun W. The composition, biotic network, and assembly of plastisphere protistan taxonomic and functional communities in plastic-mulching croplands. J Hazard Mater 2022; 430:128390. [PMID: 35152106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of plastic film mulching has caused the accumulation of plastic film residue in soil. To date, most researches on the plastisphere have focused on bacterial and fungal communities, with few on protistan community, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. To understand plastisphere protistan communities, we collected plastic film residues from plastic-mulching croplands. The plastisphere significantly altered the alpha-diversity, structure, and composition of taxonomic and functional (consumers, phototrophs, and parasites) communities. In both the plastisphere and surrounding soil, although some consumers dominated the protistan community network, while their performance was weakened by mulch application. The ecological networks of the plastisphere community presented higher modularity, less complexity, and a lower proportion of positive connections than the networks of surrounding soil. In addition, the enriched plant pathogens (e.g., Spongospora) and keystone taxa classified as plant pathogens (e.g., Pythium) in the plastisphere imply that plastic film residues may pose a risk to soil health and plant performance. Neutral-based processes dominated the assembly of the plastisphere protistan communities, whereas niche-based processes governed the protistan community assembly of surrounding soil. This study reveals that plastic film residues generate a unique niche for protistan colonization, which disturbs protistan communities and threatens agricultural ecosystem health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rui Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Pingzhou Su
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhixiong Ma
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Pin Gao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Baoqin Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Geng Yan
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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14
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Xue Y, Jin T, Gao C, Li C, Zhou T, Wan D, Yang M. Effects of biodegradable film mulching on bacterial diversity in soils. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:195. [PMID: 35217920 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spread of biodegradable plastic films (BDFs) not only increases grain yield but also reduces environmental pollution from plastic film to a large extent. Soil microbes are considered to be involved in biodegradation processes. However, the study of microbe diversity in soil mulched with biodegradable plastic film remains limited. Here, we compared the diversity of microbes between soils with biodegradable film and nonbiodegradable film (NBDF) mulch. The results showed that BDFs affected total C, P and NH4+-N, especially organism C content, as well as microbe species richness (ACE; Chao1) and diversity (Simpson index; Shannon index). In terms of dominant phyla and genera, BDFs and NBDF can influence the abundance of disparate species. Furthermore, BDFs could also contribute to improving the richness of the important functional bacterial groups in soil, e.g., Pedomicrobium and Comamonas, both of which are involved in the degradation of plastic residues in soil. Finally, we found that BDFs improved the transformation of nitrogen by significantly increasing the abundances of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. Our results highlight the impact of BDF mulch on the abundance of functional bacteria in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Xue
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxiao Li
- Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Technology Extension Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Technology Extension Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhou H, Tong H, Lu J, Cheng Y, Qian F, Tao Y, Wang H. Preparation of bio-based cellulose acetate/chitosan composite film with oxygen and water resistant properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118381. [PMID: 34364623 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has inspired the preparation of environmentally friendly bio-based plastics that can replace petroleum-based plastics. Herein, a composite film with oxygen and water resistant properties was prepared by a fluidized bed method, employing bio-based cellulose acetate (CA) as raw material, glycerol as a plasticizer, and chitosan and silica as additives. The addition of 15% chitosan greatly reduced the oxygen transmission rate of the CA film by 83.5%, and increased the tensile stress and tensile strain of the composite membrane, reaching 26.5 MPa and 22.2%, respectively. The deposition of silica particles is able to compensate for the undesired increase in the hydrophilicity caused by the addition of chitosan, and tune the hydrophilic nature of the surface of the CA/CS films to the hydrophobic nature, which is desirable for water-resistant applications. The prepared composite film displays good oxygen and water resistant properties and can be used for food packaging and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Tong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yehan Tao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
| | - Haisong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
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16
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Wang D, Xi Y, Shi XY, Zhong YJ, Guo CL, Han YN, Li FM. Effect of plastic film mulching and film residues on phthalate esters concentrations in soil and plants, and its risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2021; 286:117546. [PMID: 34130117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of plastic film mulching can greatly improve dryland productivity, while the release of toxic phthalate esters (PAEs) from the plastic film has generated concern. This study investigated the effects of mulched plastic film and residual plastic film on the PAE concentrations in the soil-crop system and assessed the risks to people eating crop products. The PAEs concentration in the 0-25 cm soil layer of plastic mulched farmland was 0.45-0.81 mg/kg, while the average PAEs concentration of 0.37-0.73 mg/kg in non-mulched farmland decreased by 19%. The PAEs concentration in mulched soil reached the highest in July, being 0.80-0.84 mg/kg, while in the non-mulched soil, the PAEs also appeared and gradually decreased from May at 0.62-0.74 mg/kg to October, and the PAEs concentrations were almost the same in the mulched and non-mulched soils at the harvest time in October at 0.37-0.44 mg/kg. With the amounts of residual film in farmland increasing from 0 kg/ha to 2700 kg/ha (equivalent to the total amount of residual film after 60 years of continuous plastic film mulching), the PAEs concentrations were no significant changes, being 0.54-0.93 mg/kg. Maize (Zea mays L.) roots could absorb and accumulate PAEs, and the bio-concentration factor (BCF) was 1.6-2.3, and the average PAEs concentrations in stems, leaves, and grains were 79%-80% of those in roots at 0.77-1.47 mg/kg. For the ingestion of maize grains or potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers grown in plastic film mulched farmland or farmland containing residual film of 450-2700 kg/ha, the hazard index (HI) were less than 1, the carcinogenic risks (CRs) were 2.5 × 10-7-2.2 × 10-6, and the estrogenic equivalences were 6.17-17.73 ng E2/kg. This study provides important data for the risk management of PAEs in farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Chao-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
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17
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Wang D, Xi Y, Shi XY, Han YN, Zhang N, Ahmad F, Li FM. Reduction effects of solar radiation, mechanical tension, and soil burial on phthalate esters concentrations in plastic film and soils. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146341. [PMID: 34030352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are potentially dangerous chemicals in plastic film mulched fields; however, few studies have investigated how to reduce their concentrations in plastic film and soil. In this study, the effects of solar radiation, mechanical tension, and soil burial on PAEs concentrations in polyethylene (PE) film and degradable film were investigated, and the half-lives of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soil also studied. PAEs concentrations in polyethylene films were about twice those in the degradable films; however, PAEs concentrations in all experimental films were similar after 1-year of field exposure. Mechanical tension had no effect on the PAEs concentrations of polyethylene films, but increased the detected concentrations of PAEs in degradable films by 34%-120%. After 4-years of burial, the PAEs concentrations in films decreased by 79.2%-98.0%, and mechanical tension promoted the reductions. However, there was little difference in PAEs concentrations between the buried soils with and without films, indicating the released PAEs reduced quickly in soil. Also, the half-lives of DBP and DEHP were 2.4-4.6 days and 18.5-41.4 days, respectively. Overall, the results presented herein provide reasonable approaches to reduce the concentrations of PAEs in plastic films and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Poonsri W. Effects of active and passive modified atmosphere packaging on biochemical properties of cut Dendrobium orchid flowers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07197. [PMID: 34141945 PMCID: PMC8188061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal storage conditions are essential to preserving the quality of postharvest produce and cut flowers during transportation, especially to overseas destinations. As a result, this research investigated the effects of active and passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the biochemical properties of cut Dendrobium Sonia orchid flowers. In active MAP, the orchid flowers were wrapped in MAP plastic film filled with 5 % carbon dioxide (CO2) and 2 % oxygen (O2). Meanwhile, in passive MAP the flowers were stored inside MAP plastic film without filling with 5 % CO2 and 2 % O2. The experimental MAP plastic films were polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride films. The biochemical parameters included storage life, respiration rate, ethylene production, internal O2 and CO2, anthocyanin content, protein degradation, and electrolyte leakage. The results showed that the average storage life of orchid flowers under passive MAP condition was 9–15 days, depending on the plastic film types. The longest storage life of 15.66 days was achieved with polypropylene film. The storage life of orchid flowers in active MAP was 9.33 days on average. Without MAP (control), the storage life was 7 days under normal atmosphere condition (0.03 % CO2 and 21 % O2). The experiments also demonstrated that MAP efficiently reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, anthocyanin degradation, protein degradation, and electrolyte leakage. Unlike existing research on MAP which focused primarily on extending the shelf life of fresh produce or cut flowers, this study comparatively investigated the biochemical properties of cut orchid flowers stored in MAP environment, in addition to the storage life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warinthon Poonsri
- Department of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand
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Mak-Mensah E, Obour PB, Essel E, Wang Q, Ahiakpa JK. Influence of plastic film mulch with biochar application on crop yield, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency in northern China: A meta-analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10967. [PMID: 33717698 PMCID: PMC7936560 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China is the leading consumer of plastic film worldwide. Plastic film mulched ridge-furrow is one of the most widely adopted agronomic and field management practices in rain-fed agriculture in dry-land areas of China. The efficiency of plastic film mulching as a viable method to decrease evapotranspiration (ET), increase crop yields, and water use efficiency (WUE), has been demonstrated extensively by earlier studies. Methods A comprehensive evaluation of how co-application of plastic-film mulch and biochar in different agro-environments under varying climatic conditions influence ET, crop yield, WUE, and soil microbial activity were assessed. We performed a meta-analysis using the PRISMA guideline to assess the effect of plastic-film mulched ridge-furrow and biochar on ET, yield, and WUE of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China. Results The use of plastic film increased average yields of wheat (75.7%), potato (20.2%), and maize (12.9%) in Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Shanxi provinces, respectively due to the reduction in ET by 12.8% in Gansu, 0.5% in Ningxia, and 4.1% in Shanxi, but increased in Shaanxi by 0.5% compared to no-mulching. These changes may be attributed to the effect of plastic film mulch application which simultaneously increased WUE by 68.5% in Gansu, 23.9% in Ningxia, 16.2% in Shaanxi, and 12.8% in Shanxi, respectively. Compared to flat planting without mulching, in three years, the yield of maize increased with the co-application of plastic film and biochar by 22.86% in the Shanxi and Shaanxi regions. Conclusion Our analysis revealed co-application of plastic film with biochar is integral for improving soil and water conservation in rain-fed agriculture and as an integrated practice to avert drought while simultaneously mitigating runoff and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erastus Mak-Mensah
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peter Bilson Obour
- Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Eunice Essel
- Department of Applied Biology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern region, Ghana
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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20
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Li B, Huang S, Wang H, Liu M, Xue S, Tang D, Cheng W, Fan T, Yang X. Effects of plastic particles on germination and growth of soybean (Glycine max): A pot experiment under field condition. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:116418. [PMID: 33433343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic residues have become a serious environmental problem in areas where agricultural plastic film are used intensively. Although numerous of studies have been done to assess its impacts on soil quality and crop yields, the understanding of meso-plastic particles effects on plant is still limited. In this study, low density polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable plastic (Bio) mulch film were selected to study the effects of meso-plastic debris on soybean germination and plant growth with the accumulation levels of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% in soil (w: w, size ranging 0.5-2 cm) by a pot experiment under field condition. Results showed that the germination viability of soybean seeds was reduced to 82.39%, 39.44% and 26.06% in the treatments with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% added plastic debris compared to the control (CK), respectively, suggesting that plastic residues in soil inhibit the viability of soybean seed germination. The plastic debris had a significant negative effect on plant height and culm diameter during the entire growth stage of soybean. Similarly, the leaf area at harvest was reduced by 1.97%, 6.86% and 11.53% compared to the CK in the treatments with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% plastic debris addition, respectively. In addition, the total plant biomass under plastic addition was reduced in both the flowering and harvesting stages, compared to the CK. For the different type of plastic residues, plant height, leaf area and root/shoot ratio at group PE were significantly lower than those of groups treated by Bio. In conclusion, PE debris had a greater negative effects on plant height, culm diameter, leaf area and root/shoot ratio while Bio debris mainly showed the adverse effects on germination viability and root biomass especially at the flowering stage. Therefore, further research is required to elaborate plastic particles' effects on different stages of crops and soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Arming on the Loess Plateau, and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Arming on the Loess Plateau, and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Water Use Efficiency in Dryland Area, Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Agriculture Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sha Xue
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Darrell Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wanli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Water Use Efficiency in Dryland Area, Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Agriculture Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tinglu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Water Use Efficiency in Dryland Area, Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Agriculture Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Arming on the Loess Plateau, and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Water Use Efficiency in Dryland Area, Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Agriculture Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Luo H, Xiang Y, Tian T, Pan X. An AFM-IR study on surface properties of nano-TiO 2 coated polyethylene (PE) thin film as influenced by photocatalytic aging process. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143900. [PMID: 33316515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most plastic wastes undergo extensive photo-aging in the environment, and the aged plastics exhibit different surface properties from pristine ones. Here, we investigate the surface properties of a nano-TiO2 coated polyethylene (PE) film as influenced by photocatalytic aging process using an atomic force microscopy coupled with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) technique. Results showed that the height range of the as-prepared samples was about 30 nm, and the equivalent diameter of nano-TiO2 was ~70 nm. The photo-induced oxidation of the CH2 bond occurred on the surface of the PE film. Photo-aging mainly affected the thermal properties of PE film in a local area, especially affecting the components surrounding the nano-TiO2 particle. The glass transition temperature of unaged PE film mainly changed in the range of 93.9-96.5 °C, but after aging the temperature gradually increased with the distance to nano-TiO2 increasing from near to far. The plastic film surrounding the nano-TiO2 particle became stiffer after photo-aging, and the photocatalytic reaction had an effect on the stiffness of the film material. The second characteristic peaks with resonance deviations (i.e., 110, 112, and 115 kHz) were used for Lorentz contact resonance (LCR) measurements. The mechanical properties of PE film after photo-aging were closely related to the distance between nano-TiO2 and film surface. These research findings are conducive for us to understand better the photo-induced aging process of functional plastic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yahui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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22
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González-Centeno MR, Tempère S, Teissedre PL, Chira K. Use of alimentary film for selective sorption of haloanisoles from contaminated red wine. Food Chem 2021; 350:128364. [PMID: 33461824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haloanisoles (HAs) are known to compromise wine quality because of their mouldy off-flavours. Up to now no treatment exists to eliminate the presence of these unpleasant volatiles in wine. This research aimed i) to assess the alimentary plastic film efficacy to remove or lessen HAs content in polluted wines; and ii) to evaluate its impact on wine quality. The film-treatment reduced significantly (p < 0,05) the 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) content of initial wine. This decrease became more noticeable as the contact time film-wine increased. Chromatic characteristics, phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents, and woody aroma profile did not change because of the film-treatment. A significant sorption of certain esters was observed, but as HAs were removed under detection thresholds, fruity perception of wines was improved. Globally, the alimentary plastic film was able to improve the organoleptic quality of wines contaminated with HAs, by reducing the cork taint and enhancing their overall fruity aroma.
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Li Y, Yan H, Li X, Ge J, Cheng J, Yu X. Presence, distribution and risk assessment of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in suburban plastic film pepper-growing greenhouses with different service life. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110551. [PMID: 32244120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread usage of plastic film increased the content of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the environment, causing PAE residue in vegetables and subsequently increasing health risks to humans when consuming them. In this work, the presence, distribution and risk assessment of 15 PAEs in soils and peppers from suburban plastic film pepper-growing greenhouses were investigated. The total PAE contents in soil and pepper samples ranged from 320.1 to 971.2 μg/kg (586.3 μg/kg on average) and from 196.6 to 304.2 μg/kg (245.4 μg/kg on average), respectively. Di (2-ethyl)hexyl, dibutyl and diisobutyl phthalates (DEHP, DnBP and DiBP, respectively) were the most abundant in both soil and pepper samples. Specifically, DEHP showed the highest content in soils, while the DnBP content was the highest in peppers. The total PAE content in soils from pepper-greenhouses was much lower than in the agricultural soils mulched with plastic films, but significantly higher than in the agricultural soils from open uncovered fields. The total PAE content in peppers decreased as the service life of plastic film greenhouses increased. Correlation analysis suggested that the difference in distribution and accumulation behaviors of individual PAEs in greenhouse systems was correlated with their physicochemical properties. The non-cancer and carcinogenic risks of priority PAEs show low risks of PAEs detected in pepper and soil samples from the suburban plastic film greenhouses to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Huangqian Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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24
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Ren SY, Sun Q, Ni HG, Wang J. A minimalist approach to quantify emission factor of microplastic by mechanical abrasion. Chemosphere 2020; 245:125630. [PMID: 31881384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film has allowed manufacturers to meet varied marketplace demands. Typically, its usage can be divided into two general categories-packaging (food, nonfood and other) and nonpackaging. The microplastics emission resulting from wearing of plastic film is unavoidable in the process of production and use. Currently, no reliable method exists for measure emission factor (EF) of microplastics by mechanical abrasion (MA). In the present study, a simple but effective approach to quantify EF of microplastic by MA was developed. Specifically, the relative light transmittance (RLT) of the plastic film is decreased with increase of MA degree. This quantitative relationship between the two factors can be applied to determine EFs of microplastics induced by MA. The method developed in this study is easy and feasible, but it still has limitations in the standpoint and range, the direction of worthiness of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Ren
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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25
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Zhang W, Torrella F, Banks CJ, Heaven S. Data related to anaerobic digestion of bioplastics: Images and properties of digested bioplastics and digestate, synthetic food waste recipe and packaging information. Data Brief 2019; 25:103990. [PMID: 31297407 PMCID: PMC6598874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled ‘Degradation of some EN13432 compliant plastics in simulated mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste’ (W. Zhang, S. Heaven, C. Banks, 2018). Zhang et al., 2018. They include quantification of residual materials from preparation of a synthetic food waste feedstock; photographic images of the physical appearance of the test plastics after prolonged exposure to microbial degradation in a continuously-operated anaerobic digestion trial; microscopic images of selected plastics after anaerobic biodegradation; test data and results for a Biochemical Methane Potential assay for the plastics; analytical data for potentially toxic elements in the plastics; and values for residual biogas potential of the digestate. Additional data on experimental methods is given, including a recipe for a synthetic food waste specifically designed for use in anaerobic digestion simulation studies; and details on adjustment of calculations after amendment of the digestate sampling methodology used in the main study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Charles J Banks
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sonia Heaven
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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26
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Horodytska O, Valdés FJ, Fullana A. Plastic flexible films waste management - A state of art review. Waste Manag 2018; 77:413-425. [PMID: 29691112 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic flexible films are increasingly used in many applications due to their lightness and versatility. In 2014, the amount of plastic films represented 34% of total plastic packaging produced in UK. The flexible film waste generation rises according to the increase in number of applications. Currently, in developed countries, about 50% of plastics in domestic waste are films. Moreover, about 615,000 tonnes of agricultural flexible waste are generated in the EU every year. A review of plastic films recycling has been conducted in order to detect the shortcomings and establish guidelines for future research. This paper reviews plastic films waste management technologies from two different sources: post-industrial and post-consumer. Clean and homogeneous post-industrial waste is recycled through closed-loop or open-loop mechanical processes. The main differences between these methods are the quality and the application of the recycled materials. Further research should be focused on closing the loops to obtain the highest environmental benefits of recycling. This could be accomplished through minimizing the material degradation during mechanical processes. Regarding post-consumer waste, flexible films from agricultural and packaging sectors have been assessed. The agricultural films and commercial and industrial flexible packaging are recycled through open-loop mechanical recycling due to existing selective waste collection routes. Nevertheless, the contamination from the use phase adversely affects the quality of recycled plastics. Therefore, upgrading of current washing lines is required. On the other hand, household flexible packaging shows the lowest recycling rates mainly because of inefficient sorting technologies. Delamination and compatibilization methods should be further developed to ensure the recycling of multilayer films. Finally, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies on waste management have been reviewed. A lack of thorough LCA on plastic films waste management systems was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Horodytska
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Road, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - F J Valdés
- Olax22 SL, Artesanos Street, 4A, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Fullana
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Road, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Li C, Chen J, Wang J, Han P, Luan Y, Ma X, Lu A. Phthalate esters in soil, plastic film, and vegetable from greenhouse vegetable production bases in Beijing, China: Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:1037-1043. [PMID: 27318515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of plastic film in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) could result in phthalate ester (PAE) contamination in vegetables. However, limited information is currently available on their occurrence and associated potential risks in GVP systems. The present study documents the occurrence and composition of 15 PAEs in soil, plastic film, and vegetable samples from eight large-scale GVP bases in Beijing, China. Results showed that PAEs are ubiquitous contaminants in these GVP bases. Total PAE concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 2.13mg/kg (mean 0.99mg/kg) in soils and from 0.15 to 6.94mg/kg (mean 1.49mg/kg) in vegetables. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and diisobutyl phthalate were the most abundant components, which accounted for >90% of the total PAEs. This investigation also indicated that the widespread application of plastic film in GVP systems may be the primary source of these PAEs. The non-cancer and carcinogenic risks of target PAEs were estimated based on the exposures of vegetable intake. The hazard quotients of PAE in all vegetable samples were lower than 1 and the carcinogenic risks were also at acceptable levels for consumers. The data in this study can provide valuable information to understand the status of potential pollutants, specifically PAEs, in GVP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xupu Ma
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Anxiang Lu
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Key Technology of Smart Irrigation District in Hubei, Yichang 443002, China.
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28
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Lenzi J, Burgues MF, Carrizo D, Machín E, Teixeira-de Mello F. Plastic ingestion by a generalist seabird on the coast of Uruguay. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 107:71-76. [PMID: 27098991 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed plastic ingestion by Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) from 806 pellets collected between 2011 and 2013. Employing a Raman spectroscopy, we characterized those polymers used to produce the plastics ingested. Debris was recorded in 143 pellets (%FO=17.7%, n=202, 92.58g). Plastic was found in 119 pellets (%FO=83%) and non-plastic occurred in 56 pellets (%FO=39%). The most important debris category was plastic film with 55.3% (n=79). Plastic bags were observed in 19 pellets (%FO=2.4%, weight=25.02g). Glass was the second most important component (%FO=18.9%) followed by plastic fragments (%FO=17.8%). Plastic debris represented the 65.3% of the debris fragments (n=132, weight=58.84g), and was composed by polyethylene (52%), polypropylene (26%), polyamide (12%), polystyrene (6%), polyvinyl chloride (2%), and polyethylene terephthalate (2%). How plastics were obtained by gulls and the effects on individuals are discussed, as well as environmental considerations about plastic pollution on coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Lenzi
- Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina - CICMAR, Avenida Giannattasio Km 30.5, Canelones 15008, Uruguay; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources & Ecological Sciences and Engineering Program, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - María Fernanda Burgues
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Department of Planetology and Habitability, Astrobiology Centre (CSIC-INTA), 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuel Machín
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Botondi R, Moscetti R, Massantini R. A comparative study on the effectiveness of ozonated water and peracetic acid in the storability of packaged fresh-cut melon. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2352-60. [PMID: 27407201 PMCID: PMC4921086 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ozonated water and peracetic acid were tested as sanitizers to enhance the storability of fresh-cut melon cubes. Sanitizers were also combined with suitable packaging materials (polypropylene and polylactic acid based plastic films). Fresh-cut melon cubes were stored at 4 °C for up to 7 days. Ozonated water and peracetic acid treatments were given by dipping cubes into 0.8 ppm O3 and 100 ppm Tsunami 100™ solutions, respectively, for 3 min. Both sanitizers exhibited efficiency in reducing the total microbial counts on melon cubes (< 2 log CFU g(-1)). Respiratory activity and ethylene production were both affected by the interaction between the sanitizer and the packaging used. Carbon dioxide and oxygen reached 9.89 kPa and 12.20 kPa partial pressures, respectively, using peracetic acid treatment in combination with polypropylene film packaging, consequently developing off-odors starting from day 3. Strong color changes were noted in cubes stored in polylactic acid packaging after 7 days of storage, affecting the sensory quality of the melon cubes. Sensory evaluation (overall visual quality) indicated loss in flavor in the polypropylene packaging. The overall visual quality started to decline on 3rd day because of the development of translucency.Overall, the use of ozone in combination with polypropylene packaging provided the best solution to maintain the quality of melon cubes for up to 5 days of storage at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Botondi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest system, DIBAF, Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Moscetti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest system, DIBAF, Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Massantini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest system, DIBAF, Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Wang J, Chen G, Christie P, Zhang M, Luo Y, Teng Y. Occurrence and risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in vegetables and soils of suburban plastic film greenhouses. Sci Total Environ 2015; 523:129-137. [PMID: 25863503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are suspected of having adverse effects on human health and have been frequently detected in soils and vegetables. The present study investigated their occurrence and composition in plastic film greenhouse soil-vegetable systems and assessed their potential health risks to farmers exposed to these widespread pollutants. Six priority control phthalates, namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), were determined in 44 plastic film greenhouse vegetables and corresponding soils. Total PAEs ranged from 0.51 to 7.16mgkg(-1) in vegetables and 0.40 to 6.20mgkg(-1) in soils with average concentrations of 2.56 and 2.23mgkg(-1), respectively. DnBP, DEHP and DnOP contributed more than 90% of the total PAEs in both vegetables and soils but the proportions of DnBP and DnOP in vegetables were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in soils. The average concentrations of PAEs in pot herb mustard, celery and lettuce were >3.00mgkg(-1) but were <2.50mgkg(-1) in the corresponding soils. Stem and leaf vegetables accumulated more PAEs. There were no clear relationships between vegetable and soil PAEs. Risk assessment indicates that DnBP, DEHP and DnOP exhibited elevated non-cancer risk with values of 0.039, 0.338 and 0.038, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was about 3.94×10(-5) to farmers working in plastic film greenhouses. Health risks were mainly by exposure through vegetable consumption and soil ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Chongqing Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gangcai Chen
- Chongqing Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Manyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Wang J, Luo Y, Teng Y, Ma W, Christie P, Li Z. Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film. Environ Pollut 2013; 180:265-273. [PMID: 23792387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of six priority phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in intensively managed suburban vegetable soils in Nanjing, east China, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total PAE concentrations in the soils ranged widely from 0.15 to 9.68 mg kg(-1) with a median value of 1.70 mg kg(-1), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) were the most abundant phthalate esters. Soil PAE concentrations depended on the mode of use of plastic film in which PAEs were incorporated as plasticizing agents and both the plastic film and poultry manure appeared to be important sources of soil PAEs. Vegetables in rotation with flooded rice led to lower concentrations of PAEs in soil. The results indicate that agricultural plastic film can be an important source of soil PAE contamination and further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PAE contamination of intensive agricultural soils with different use modes of use of plastic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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