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Soejima T, Tokita M, Kitao M. Impact of flexible work arrangements on job resignation after cancer diagnosis among Japanese young adult cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01421-1. [PMID: 37480472 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many workers had flexible work arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the association between flextime and remote working and job resignation among Japanese young adult cancer survivors after diagnosis. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online survey with 401 Japanese young adult cancer survivors diagnosed with adult-onset cancer and aged 20-39 years at the time of the survey in January 2022. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the impact of flextime and remote working on job resignation. RESULTS In the sample, 264 participants (65.8%) were female, and 185 (46.1%) had been diagnosed with cancer between 1 and 5 years ago. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that young adult cancer survivors using remote working only (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.96, p = 0.04) and both flextime and remote working (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.64, p < 0.01) experienced a lower risk of job resignation after cancer diagnosis compared to those who did not use flextime and remote working. CONCLUSIONS Young adult cancer survivors who used remote working only or remote working combined with flextime could reduce their risk of job resignation after a cancer diagnosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This study showed that having the option of remote working can be important for young adult cancer survivors' continuing employment. Furthermore, social welfare systems need to promote a workplace culture and climate that allows remote working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Soejima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Masahito Tokita
- Keio Research Institute at SFC, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Mari Kitao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
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Hoedl M, Bauer S, Eglseer D. Influence of nursing staff working hours on stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional online survey. HeilberufeScience 2021; 12:92-8. [PMID: 34522573 DOI: 10.1007/s16024-021-00354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Working as a nurse means being able to provide high-quality care 24/7. Studies have shown that the average number of working hours per week is a significant predictor of stress and that the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the nurses’ stress levels. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the nursing staff’s working hours during the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived level of stress. Method We carried out an online cross-sectional survey and measured the stress level with the perceived stress scale. Results Most of the nurses experienced a moderate level of stress. We identified a statistically significant association between increased numbers of working hours per week and the nurses’ perceived stress level. In addition, 15% of the nurses who had worked more than 40 h reported experiencing a high level of stress. Conclusion These results reflect the negative consequences of prolonged working hours. For this reason, a (inter)national discussion is needed on the topic of restricting the working hours of healthcare workers during such pandemics. This discussion can improve the health and safety of healthcare workers, patients and members of the general population.
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Alsohime F, Alkhalaf H, Almuzini H, Alyahya M, Allhidan R, Assiry G, AlSalman M, Alshuaibi W, Temsah MH, Alakeel A, Aleyadhy A. Pediatric resident's perception of night float system compared to 24 hours system, a prospective study. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33407360 PMCID: PMC7789422 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to evaluate the perceptions of pediatric residents under the night float (NF) on-call system and its impact on well-being, education, and patient safety compared with the traditional 24-h on-call system. METHODS The study is prospective in nature and conducted on two pediatric resident training centers who apply the NF on-call system as a pilot project. Senior residents (PGY-3 and PGY-4) enrolled in the two training centers were invited to participate before and 6 months after the implementation of the change in the on-call system. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed. Responses were rated using a five-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). The items covered three main domains, namely, residents' well-being, ability to deliver healthcare, and medical education experience. Pre- and post-intervention scores were presented as means and compared by t-test for paired samples. RESULTS A total of 42 residents participated in the survey (female = 24; 57.1%). All participants were senior residents; 25 (59.6%) were third-year residents (PGY-3), whereas 17 (40.4%) were fourth-year residents (PGY-4). The participants reported that many aspects of the three domains were improved with the introduction of the NF system. The system was perceived to exert less adverse health effect on the residents (mean: 2.37 ± 1.01) compared with the 24-h on-call system (mean: 4.19 ± 0.60; P < 0.001). In addition, the NF system was perceived to lead to less exposure to personal harm and result in less negative impact on quality of care, better work efficiency, reduced potential for medical errors, more successful teaching, and less disruptions to other rotations compared with the 24 h on-call system (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The perception of senior residents toward the 24-h on-call system pertains to negative impacts on well-being, education, and patient safety compared with on-call systems with restrictive duty hours, such as the NF system, which is perceived to be less harmful, to exert positive impacts on the quality of delivered healthcare services, and more useful from pedagogic aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alsohime
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia.
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamad Alkhalaf
- General Pediatrics and Complex Care, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Almuzini
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alyahya
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Allhidan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Assiry
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah AlSalman
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Alshuaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Generics Division, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alakeel
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Aleyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. 231418, Riyadh, Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Shift workers are at risk for developing serious health issues due to short sleep. One cause of short sleep is circadian misalignment: sleep time is not synchronized with the body's natural circadian rhythms. Although circadian rhythms are strongly driven by the light/dark cycle, humans have individualized sleep time preferences (chronotypes) based on genetics, development, and external influences. Evening chronotype individuals fall asleep later than average and have a higher risk for developing various noncommunicable diseases. What is unclear is the association between chronotype, shift work, and risks for acquiring chronic conditions. This review is focused on shift worker chronotype and associations with obesity. Because of the paucity of research, other health issues connected with circadian misalignment were included, allowing for a total of 21 research studies. Evidence from this review supports chronotype and certain health issues are associated with shift work, even after adjusting for short sleep duration. In addition, there is evidence to support future research on how shift worker chronotype matched with shift timing impacts worker health. Through better understanding of this interface, occupational health providers can provide more comprehensive worker education on the risks associated with shift work and sleep disturbances.
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Winkler MR, Mason S, Laska MN, Christoph MJ, Neumark-Sztainer D. Does non-standard work mean non-standard health? Exploring links between non-standard work schedules, health behavior, and well-being. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:135-143. [PMID: 29349282 PMCID: PMC5769120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has seen dramatic shifts in population work circumstances, leading to an increasing normalization of non-standard work schedules (NSWSs), defined as non-daytime, irregular hours. An ever-growing body of evidence links NSWSs to a host of non-communicable chronic conditions; yet, these associations primarily concentrate on the physiologic mechanisms created by circadian disruption and insufficient sleep. While important, not all NSWSs create such chronobiologic disruption, and other aspects of working time and synchronization could be important to the relationships between work schedules and chronic disease. Leveraging survey data from Project EAT, a population-based study with health-related behavioral and psychological data from U.S. adults aged 25-36 years, this study explored the risks for a broad range of less healthful behavioral and well-being outcomes among NSWS workers compared to standard schedule workers (n = 1402). Variations across different NSWSs (evening, night/rotating, and irregular schedules) were also explored. Results indicated that, relative to standard schedule workers, workers with NSWSs are at increased risk for non-optimal sleep, substance use, greater recreational screen time, worse dietary practices, obesity, and depression. There was minimal evidence to support differences in relative risks across workers with different types of NSWSs. The findings provide insight into the potential links between NSWSs and chronic disease and indicate the relevancy social disruption and daily health practices may play in the production of health and well-being outcomes among working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Winkler
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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van Drongelen A, Boot CRL, Hlobil H, van der Beek AJ, Smid T. Cumulative exposure to shift work and sickness absence: associations in a five-year historic cohort. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28077111 PMCID: PMC5225623 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to shift work has been associated with negative health consequences, although the association between shift work and sickness absence remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between cumulative exposure to shift work and sickness absence among ground staff employees of an airline company. METHODS This study used data from the MORE (Monitoring Occupational Health Risks in Employees) cohort, which is a 5-year historic cohort. The population of the present study consisted of 7562 ground staff employees. For each employee, work schedules and sickness absence days between 2005 and 2009 were obtained from company records. For the exposure to different shift schedule types and to the cumulative number of night shifts, the association with long-term sickness absence (>7 consecutive sickness absence days) and the number of sickness absence episodes during 2009, was calculated using logistic and Poisson regression analyses. Socio-demographic variables, work-related variables, job classification variables, and previous sickness absence days were regarded as confounders. RESULTS After adjusting for previous sickness absence and job classification variables, only the group of employees that switched into working in a three-shift schedule, showed a significantly increased risk for long-term sickness absence (OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.02-1.69). Night shift exposure was not significantly associated with long-term sickness absence. Exposure to shift work was negatively associated with more sickness absence episodes. Employees who were exposed to more than 46 night shifts also showed a lower risk for more sickness absence episodes. Subgroup analyses showed that single employees and employees without children had an increased risk for long-term sickness absence when exposed to a three-shift schedule, and when they had changed between shift schedule types. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative exposure to shift work proved to be negatively associated with more sickness absence episodes, and was not associated with more long-term sickness absence, although selection bias could not be ruled out. Future research should explore the influence of household composition, and take into account both previous sickness absence and psychosocial and physical work factors to obtain a better estimation of the association between shift work and sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin van Drongelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands. .,Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hynek Hlobil
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjabe Smid
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
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van de Ven HA, Brouwer S, Koolhaas W, Goudswaard A, de Looze MP, Kecklund G, Almansa J, Bültmann U, van der Klink JJL. Associations between shift schedule characteristics with sleep, need for recovery, health and performance measures for regular (semi-)continuous 3-shift systems. Appl Ergon 2016; 56:203-12. [PMID: 27184329 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study associations were examined between eight shift schedule characteristics with shift-specific sleep complaints and need for recovery and generic health and performance measures. It was hypothesized that shift schedule characteristics meeting ergonomic recommendations are associated with better sleep, need for recovery, health and performance. Questionnaire data were collected from 491 shift workers of 18 companies with 9 regular (semi)-continuous shift schedules. The shift schedule characteristics were analyzed separately and combined using multilevel linear regression models. The hypothesis was largely not confirmed. Relatively few associations were found, of which the majority was in the direction as expected. In particular early starts of morning shifts and many consecutive shifts seem to be avoided. The healthy worker effect, limited variation between included schedules and the cross-sectional design might explain the paucity of significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy A van de Ven
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Koolhaas
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Goudswaard
- TNO, Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL Leiden, The Netherlands; Windesheim, University of Applied Sciences, Hospitaaldreef 5, 1315 RC Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel P de Looze
- TNO, Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16 A, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, A.08.29 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josue Almansa
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jac J L van der Klink
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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van Drongelen A, Boot CRL, Hlobil H, Smid T, van der Beek AJ. Process evaluation of a tailored mobile health intervention aiming to reduce fatigue in airline pilots. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:894. [PMID: 27565140 PMCID: PMC5002199 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MORE Energy is a mobile health intervention which aims to reduce fatigue and improve health in airline pilots. The primary objective of this process evaluation was to assess the reach, dose delivered, compliance, fidelity, barriers and facilitators, and satisfaction of the intervention. The second objective was to investigate the associations of adherence to the intervention with compliance and with participant satisfaction. Thirdly, we investigated differences between the subgroups within the target population. METHODS The intervention consisted of a smartphone application, supported by a website. It provided advice on optimal light exposure, sleep, nutrition, and physical activity, tailored to flight and personal characteristics. The reach of the intervention was determined by comparing the intervention group participants and the airline pilots who did not participate. The dose delivered was defined as the total number of participants that was sent an instruction email. Objective compliance was measured through the Control Management System of the application. To determine the fidelity, an extensive log was kept throughout the intervention period. Subjective compliance, satisfaction, barriers, facilitators, and adherence were assessed using online questionnaires. Associations between the extent to which the participants applied the advice in daily life (adherence), compliance, and satisfaction were analysed as well. Finally, outcomes of participants of different age groups and haul types were compared. RESULTS A total of 2222 pilots were made aware of the study. From this group, 502 pilots met the inclusion criteria and did agree to participate. The reach of the study proved to be 22 % and the dose delivered was 99 %. The included pilots were randomized into the intervention group (n = 251) or the control group (n = 251). Of the intervention group participants, 81 % consulted any advice, while 17 % did this during four weeks or more. Fidelity was 67 %. The participants rated the intervention with a 6.4 (SD 1.6). Adherence was not associated with compliance, but was associated with satisfaction (p ≤ 0.001). Pilots of 35 to 45 year old were significantly more interested in advice regarding physical activity than their colleagues, and short-haul pilots were more interested in advice regarding nutrition compared to long-haul pilots. CONCLUSIONS The MORE Energy intervention was well received, resulting in an adequate reach and a high dose delivered. The compliance and satisfaction scores indicate that engagement and functionality should be enhanced, and the content and applicability of the advices should be improved to appeal all subgroups of the target population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Nederlands Trial Register NTR2722 . Registered 27 January 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin van Drongelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hynek Hlobil
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Tjabe Smid
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,KLM Health Services, Schiphol Airport, Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Body@Work TNO VUmc, Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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García-Díaz V, Fernández-Feito A, Arias L, Lana A. [Tobacco and alcohol consumption according to workday in Spain]. Gac Sanit 2015; 29:364-9. [PMID: 26068811 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between smoking and alcohol consumption and the type of working day in the Spanish population METHODS Cross-sectional study among employees residing in Spain aged >18 years (N=8,736). We took data from the National Health Survey (2011-2012). Information was collected on the type of working day (morning, afternoon, evening, part-time, reduced hours, and shift-work) and smoking and drinking habits. Demographic characteristics and health- and work-related factors were also taken into account. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated through log-binomial regressions. RESULTS Among respondents, 32.1% smoked regularly, especially those working the night shift (43.5%). Moderate alcohol consumption was found in 54.8% of workers and excessive consumption in 1.5%. Most of the moderate and heavy drinkers worked part-time, with 57.6% and 1.8% respectively. The aOR of being a smoker was higher among night workers (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.01-2.46). None of the work shifts were significantly associated with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Night shift work was associated with regular smoking. This collective of workers should be monitored closely by occupational health services and regularly undergo programs to control tobacco consumption and smoking-related diseases. Additional research to elucidate the reasons for this association could help to achieve preventive and therapeutic success.
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Weiderpass E, Meo M, Vainio H. Risk factors for breast cancer, including occupational exposures. Saf Health Work 2011; 2:1-8. [PMID: 22953181 DOI: 10.5491/SHAW.2011.2.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the etiology of breast cancer has advanced substantially in recent years, and several etiological factors are now firmly established. However, very few new discoveries have been made in relation to occupational risk factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has evaluated over 900 different exposures or agents to-date to determine whether they are carcinogenic to humans. These evaluations are published as a series of Monographs (www.iarc.fr). For breast cancer the following substances have been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1): alcoholic beverages, exposure to diethylstilbestrol, estrogen-progestogen contraceptives, estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy and exposure to X-radiation and gamma-radiation (in special populations such as atomic bomb survivors, medical patients, and in-utero exposure). Ethylene oxide is also classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, although the evidence for carcinogenicity in epidemiologic studies, and specifically for the human breast, is limited. The classification "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A) includes estrogen hormone replacement therapy, tobacco smoking, and shift work involving circadian disruption, including work as a flight attendant. If the association between shift work and breast cancer, the most common female cancer, is confirmed, shift work could become the leading cause of occupational cancer in women.
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Abstract
This study evaluates the psychometric properties and assesses the test-retest reliability and longer-term stability of scores on the Circadian Type Questionnaire (CTQ) of Folkard et al. (1979) in a sample of 445 students. The scales were found to lack internal consistency and the factor structure originally proposed was not replicated. Cultural variation in CTQ scores was suggested. Test-retest reliability, over three months in a subgroup of 36, was poor for the V and M scales. Longer-term stability, over nine months in a subgroup of 36 who were exposed to shiftwork, was better but significant decreases were found in rigidity of sleeping habits (Rs) and morningness (M) scores. A factor analysis suggested that the scales should be constructed differently; however, the properties of such scales were still not optimal. The CTQ has psychometric flaws and needs to be improved before it could be expected to reliably function as a predictive test of adaptation to shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Greenwood
- a Department of Behavioural Health Sciences , Lincoln School of Health Sciences, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Victoria , 3083 , Australia
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