1
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Samanta S, Biswas P, O'Bannon B, Powers DC. ß-Phenethylamine Synthesis via Latent Dual Electrophilicity of N-Pyridinium Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406335. [PMID: 38699820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ß-Phenethylamines are widely represented in biologically and pharmacologically active organic small molecules. Here, we introduce N-pyridinium aziridines as latent dual electrophiles for the synthesis of ß-phenethylamines. Bromide-promoted ring opening generates ß-halopyridinium amines. Selective Ni-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling between organozinc nucleophiles and the benzylic C-Br electrophile affords a diverse family of ß-functionalized phenethylaminopyridinium salts, and coupling is stereoconvergent in the presence of chiral ligands. Subsequent Ni-catalyzed reductive N-N bond activation within the b-functionalized phenethylamino-pyridinium salts furnishes the products of formal olefin carboamination. Other reductive N-N cleavage reactions are demonstrated to provide access to free primary amines, alkylated amines, heterocycles, and products derived from N-centered radical chemistry. The developed reaction sequence can be implemented in the context of complex molecules and natural product derivatives. Together, the described results provide a general and modular synthesis of ß-phenethylamines and significantly expand the utility of N-pyridinium aziridines as linchpins in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David C Powers
- Texas A&M University, Chemistry, 3255 TAMU, 77843, College Station, UNITED STATES
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2
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Kowalczyk A, Pieczonka AM, Kassassir H, Rachwalski M, Stączek P. A Study on the Biological Activity of Optically Pure Aziridine Phosphines and Phosphine Oxides. Molecules 2024; 29:1430. [PMID: 38611710 PMCID: PMC11012799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of optically pure aziridine phosphines and their corresponding phosphine oxides were synthesized through established chemical methodologies. The compounds were systematically investigated for their biological properties. Notably, all synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity only against the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus. However, compounds 5 and 7 exhibited noteworthy cell viability inhibition of human cervical epithelioid carcinoma HeLa cells and endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cells. Further studies of these compounds revealed additional biological effects, including disruption of the cell membrane in high concentrations, cell cycle arrest in the S phase, and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comparative analysis of the two classes of chiral organophosphorus derivatives of aziridines indicated that chiral phosphine oxides displayed significantly higher biological activity. Consequently, these findings suggest that chiral phosphine oxides may be potential candidates for the development of anticancer drugs. In light of the significant interest in preparations whose structure is based on a three-membered aziridine ring in terms of potential anticancer therapy, this research fits into the current research trend and should constitute a valuable addition to the current state of knowledge and the existing library of aziridine derivatives with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam M. Pieczonka
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Hassan Kassassir
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Rachwalski
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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3
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Ning Y, Chen H, Ning Y, Zhang J, Bi X. Rhodium-Catalyzed One-Carbon Ring Expansion of Aziridines with Vinyl-N-triftosylhydrazones for the Synthesis of 2-Vinyl Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318072. [PMID: 38282137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Azetidines, being four-membered N-heterocycles, possess significant potential in contemporary medicinal chemistry owing to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Regrettably, the incorporation of functionalized azetidines into pharmaceutical lead structures has been impeded by the absence of efficient synthetic methods for their synthesis. In this study, a Rh-catalyzed one-carbon ring expansion of aziridines with vinyl-N-triftosylhydrazones is presented, which facilitates the synthesis of high value-added 2-alkenyl azetidine products. This research represents the first example of ring expansion of aziridines enabled by vinyl carbenes. Additionally, a one-pot two-step protocol, initiated from cinnamaldehyde, was successfully achieved, offering a step-economical and facile approach for the synthesis of these compounds. The pivotal aspect of this successful transformation lies in the in situ formation of an alkenyl aziridinium ylide intermediate. Experimental investigations, coupled with computational studies, suggest that a diradical pathway is involved in the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Yongyue Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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4
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Zhelavskyi O, Parikh S, Jhang YJ, Staples RJ, Zimmerman PM, Nagorny P. Green Light Promoted Iridium(III)/Copper(I)-Catalyzed Addition of Alkynes to Aziridinoquinoxalines Through the Intermediacy of Azomethine Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318876. [PMID: 38267370 PMCID: PMC10939844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of alkyne addition to the aziridine moiety of aziridinoquinoxalines using dual Ir(III)/Cu(I) catalytic system under green light-emitting diode (LED) photolysis (λmax =525 nm). This mild method features high levels of chemo- and regioselectivity and was used to generate 30 highly functionalized substituted dihydroquinoxalines in 36-98 % yield. This transformation was also carried asymmetrically using phthalazinamine-based chiral ligand to provide 9 chiral addition products in 96 : 4 to 86 : 14 e.r. The experimental and quantum chemical explorations of this reaction suggest a mechanism that involves Ir(III)-catalyzed triplet energy transfer followed by a ring-opening reaction ultimately leading to the formation of azomethine ylide intermediates. These azomethine intermediates undergo sequential protonation/copper(I) acetylide addition to provide the products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seren Parikh
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yin-Jia Jhang
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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5
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Hallstein J, Metzsch-Zilligen E, Pfaendner R. Enhancing the Hydrolytic Stability of Poly(lactic acid) Using Novel Stabilizer Combinations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:506. [PMID: 38399884 PMCID: PMC10892727 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercially available poly(lactic acid) exhibits poor hydrolytic stability, which makes it impossible for use in durable applications. Therefore, a novel hydrolysis inhibitor based on an aziridine derivative as well as a novel stabilizer composition, containing an aziridine derivative and an acid scavenger, were investigated to improve the hydrolytic stability. To evaluate the stabilizing effect, the melt volume rate (MVR) and molecular weight were monitored during an accelerated hydrolytic aging in water at elevated temperatures. Temperatures were selected according to the glass transition temperature (~60 °C) of PLA. It was shown that the novel hydrolysis inhibitor as well as the novel stabilizer composition exhibited excellent performance during hydrolytic aging, exceeding commercially available alternatives, e.g., polymeric carbodiimides. A molecular weight analysis resulted in a molecular weight decrease of only 10% during approximately 850 h and up to 20% after 1200 h of hydrolytic aging, whereas poly(lactic acid) stabilized with a commercial polycarbodiimide revealed comparable molecular weight reductions after only 300 h. Furthermore, the stabilization mechanism of the aziridine derivative alone, as well as in the synergistic combination with the acid scavenger (calcium hydrotalcite), was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition to an improved hydrolytic stability, the thermal properties were also enhanced compared to polymeric carbodiimides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Division Plastics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (J.H.); (E.M.-Z.)
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6
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Zakharov TN, Sakharov PA, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF, Rostovskii NV. Triethylamine-Promoted Oxidative Cyclodimerization of 2 H-Azirine-2-carboxylates to Pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylates: Experimental and DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114315. [PMID: 37298789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented oxidative cyclodimerization reaction of 2H-azirine-2-carboxylates to pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylates under heating with triethylamine in air is described. In this reaction, one azirine molecule undergoes formal cleavage across the C-C bond and another across the C=N bond. According to the experimental study and DFT calculations, the key steps of the reaction mechanism include nucleophilic addition of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine to an azirine to form an (aminooxy)aziridine, generation of an azomethine ylide, and its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the second azirine molecule. The crucial condition for the synthesis of pyrimidines is generation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine in the reaction mixture in a very low concentration, which is ensured by the slow oxidation of triethylamine with air oxygen. Addition of a radical initiator accelerated the reaction and resulted in higher yields of the pyrimidines. Under these conditions, the scope of the pyrimidine formation was elucidated, and a series of pyrimidines was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofei N Zakharov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Sakharov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Ielo L, Patamia V, Citarella A, Schirmeister T, Stagno C, Rescifina A, Micale N, Pace V. Selective noncovalent proteasome inhibiting activity of trifluoromethyl-containing gem-quaternary aziridines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300174. [PMID: 37119396 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) represents the principal proteolytic apparatus in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. Nowadays, proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are well-known as anticancer agents. However, although three of them have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating multiple myeloma and mantel cell lymphoma, they present several side effects and develop resistance. For these reasons, the development of new PIs with better pharmacological characteristics is needed. Recently, noncovalent inhibitors have gained much attention since they are less toxic as compared with covalent ones, providing an alternative mechanism for solid tumors. Herein, we describe a new class of bis-homologated chloromethyl(trifluoromethyl)aziridines as selective noncovalent PIs. In silico and in vitro studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of such compounds. Human gastrointestinal absorption (HIA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration were also considered together with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zhang CH, Wu ZL, Bai RX, Hu TD, Zhao B. Highly Efficient Conversion of Aziridines and CO 2 Catalyzed by Microporous [Cu 12] Nanocages. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1879-1890. [PMID: 36584397 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 as a C1 source into value-added products is an attractive alternative in view of the green synthesis. Among the reported approaches, the cyclization reaction of aziridines with CO2 is of great significance since the generated N-containing cyclic skeletons are extensively found in pharmaceutical chemistry and industrial production. However, a low turnover number (TON) and homogeneous catalysts are often involved in this catalytic system. Herein, one novel copper-organic framework {[Cu2(L4-)(H2O)2]·3DMF·2H2O}n (1) (H4L = 2'-fluoro-[1,1':4',1″-Terphenyl]-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylic acid) assembled by nanosized [Cu12] cages was successfully synthesized and structurally characterized, which exhibits high CO2/N2 selectivity due to the strong interactions between CO2 and open Cu(II) sites and ligands in the framework. Catalytic investigations suggest that 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst can effectively catalyze the cyclization of aziridines with CO2, and the TON can reach a record value of 90.5. Importantly, 1 displays excellent chemical stability, which can be recycled at least five times. The combination explorations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-isotope labeling experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) clearly uncover the mechanism of this aziridine/CO2 coupling reaction system, in which 1 and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) can highly activate the substrate molecule, and the synergistic catalytic effect between them can greatly reduce the reaction energy barrier from 51.7 to 36.2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, MOE, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, MOE, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Run-Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Ding Hu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, MOE, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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9
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Qiao J, Wang S, Liu X, Feng X. Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Aziridines and Imines to Construct 2,5-trans-Imidazolidines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203757. [PMID: 36602265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of donor-acceptor aziridines with N-aryl protected imines was developed with a Ni(ClO4 )2 ⋅ 6H2 O/N,N'-dioxide catalyst system, providing a broad range of chiral trans-substituted imidazolidine compounds with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield, up to 98 % ee). Control experiments indicated that the products could offer excellent diastereoselectivities with the control of chiral Ni(II)-N,N'-dioxide complex and the interaction of the substrates. The possible catalytic process was proposed to rationalize the stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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10
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Hu Y, Yang L, Liu X. Novel MCM-41 Supported Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Catalyzed Greener and Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones from Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010242. [PMID: 36615437 PMCID: PMC9822182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A type of MCM-41 supported dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid nanocatalyst has been synthesized and found to be competent for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones through the sustainable chemical conversion of CO2 with aziridines. It was shown that the highest efficiency was achieved in the cycloaddition of a series of aziridines and CO2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of the solid catalyst MCM-41@ILLaCl4 under mild conditions. Merits of this meticulously designed protocol are the use of a novel supported ionic liquid catalyst, the easy work-up process, good to excellent yields, a short reaction time, and purification without column chromatography. Overall, the present protocol of synthesizing 2-oxazolidinones under cocatalyst- and solvent-free conditions using MCM-41@ILLaCl4 is promising for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Lili Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Laura Ielo, Vincenzo Patamia, Andrea Citarella, Thomas Efferth, Nasim Shahhamzehei, Tanja Schirmeister, Claudio Stagno, Thierry Langer, Antonio Rescifina, Nicola Micale, Vittorio Pace. Novel Class of Proteasome Inhibitors: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Diverse Chloro(trifluoromethyl) aziridines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12363. [PMID: 36293216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the major proteolytic system in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. The role of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) as critical agents for regulating cancer cell death has been established. Aziridine derivatives are well-known alkylating agents employed against cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, aziridine derivatives showing inhibitory activity towards proteasome have never been described before. Herein we report a new class of selective and nonPIs bearing an aziridine ring as a core structure. In vitro cell-based assays (two leukemia cell lines) also displayed anti-proliferative activity for some compounds. In silico studies indicated non-covalent binding mode and drug-likeness for these derivatives. Taken together, these results are promising for developing more potent PIs.
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12
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Kattamuri PV, Zhao J, Das TK, Siitonen JH, Morgan N, Ess DH, Kürti L. Aza-Quasi-Favorskii Reaction: Construction of Highly Substituted Aziridines through a Concerted Multibond Rearrangement Process. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10943-10949. [PMID: 35674783 PMCID: PMC9994606 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new molecular rearrangement, the aza-Quasi-Favorskii rearrangement, has been developed for the construction of highly substituted aziridines. Electron-deficient O-sulfonyl oximes react readily with α,α-disubstituted acetophenone-derived enolates to furnish highly substituted aziridines via this unprecedented domino process. In-depth computational studies reveal an asynchronous yet concerted nitrenoid-type rearrangement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jidong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tamal Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Juha H Siitonen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nathan Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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13
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Kuzmič S, Hrast M, Frlan R. The Synthesis of (2R)-Aziridine-2-carboxylic Acid Containing Dipeptides. Acta Chim Slov 2022; 69:261-270. [PMID: 35861086 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2021.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized conditions for the synthesis of fully deprotected (2R)-aziridine containing dipeptides are described. Preparation of fully protected N- and C- terminal aziridine containing dipeptides was found to be straightforward and high yielding for the majority of compounds, whereas their full deprotection was possible only for C-terminal analogs. Deprotection of N-terminal derivatives using standard procedures of peptide chemistry was found difficult providing only mixtures of unidentifiable products. The described molecules have potential as building blocks in synthetic chemistry, in the chemical biology arena, as covalent modifiers, and as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Kuzmič
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of pharmacy The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia.
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14
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Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine‐18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2‐fluoroethyl and 3‐fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group – such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety – can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Strumfs B, Velikijs K, Uljanovs R, Sinkarevs S, Strumfa I. Non-Aziridination Approaches to 3-Arylaziridine-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives and 3-Aryl-(aziridin-2-yl)ketones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115919. [PMID: 35682596 PMCID: PMC9180376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly functionalized aziridines, including compounds with aromatic moieties, are attractive substrates both in synthetic and medical areas of chemistry. There is a broad and interesting set of synthetic methods for reaching these compounds. Aziridination represents the most explored tool, but there are several other more specific, less well-known, but highly promising approaches. Therefore, the current review focuses on recently described or updated ways to obtain 3-arylated aziridines via different non-aziridination-based synthetic methods, reported mainly since 2000. The presented methods belong to two main directions of synthesis, namely, cyclization of open-chain substrates and rearrangement of other heterocycles. Cyclization of open-chain substrates includes the classic Gabriel-Cromwell type cyclization of halogenated substrates with amines, base-promoted cyclization of activated aminoalcohols (or its analogues), and the oxidative cyclization of β-dicarbonyls. Rearrangements of other heterocycles are presented as the Baldwin rearrangement of 4-isoxazolines, the cycloaddition of 1.3-dipoles or dienes to 2H-azirines, and the addition of C- and N-nucleophiles to the double bond of azirines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boriss Strumfs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; or
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.V.); (R.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Kirils Velikijs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.V.); (R.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Romans Uljanovs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.V.); (R.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislavs Sinkarevs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.V.); (R.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (K.V.); (R.U.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Favero L, Menichetti A, Boldrini C, Comparini LM, Di Bussolo V, Di Pietro S, Pineschi M. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions of Alkyl Aziridines with B 2pin 2: Experimental and Computational Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:7399. [PMID: 34885983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to form new C-B bonds with aziridines using diboron derivatives continues to be a particularly challenging field in view of the direct preparation of functionalized β-aminoboronates, which are important compounds in drug discovery, being a bioisostere of β-aminoacids. We now report experimental and computational data that allows the individuation of the structural requisites and of reaction conditions necessary to open alkyl aziridines using bis(pinacolate)diboron (B2pin2) in a regioselective nucleophilic addition reaction under copper catalysis.
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17
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Strumfs B, Hermane J, Belyakov S, Sobolevs A, Velikijs K, Uljanovs R, Trapencieris P, Strumfa I. An Easy Route to Aziridine Ketones and Carbinols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13145. [PMID: 34884949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylaziridine-2-carboxamides react with organolithium reagents yielding 2-aziridinylketones. The reaction with one equivalent of organolithium compound is selective to amide carbonyl at a low (−78 °C) temperature. These ketones, in reaction with organolithium reagents, give symmetrical and unsymmetrical aziridinyl carbinols. The usage of excess phenyllithium may serve as a special N-Boc-protecting group cleavage method for acid-sensitive substrates.
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18
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Jung S, Yoon HJ. Mechanical Force for the Transformation of Aziridine into Imine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23564-23568. [PMID: 34499388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Force-selective mechanochemical reactions may be important for applications in polymer mechanochemistry, yet it is difficult to achieve such reactions. This paper reports that cis-N-phthalimidoaziridine incorporated into a macromolecular backbone undergoes migration of N-phthalimido group to afford imine under mechanochemical condition and not thermal one. The imine is further hydrolyzed by water bifurcating into amine and aldehyde. These structural transformations are confirmed by 1 H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses. Computational simulations are conducted for the aziridine mechanophore to propose the mechanism of reaction and define the substrate scope of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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19
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Fleming MJ, Hodgson DM. Allylic alcohols and amines by carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling using epoxides or aziridines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2385-2389. [PMID: 34621400 PMCID: PMC8450947 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Lithiated terminal epoxides and N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)aziridines undergo eliminative cross-coupling with α-lithio ethers, to give convergent access to allylic alcohols and allylic amines, respectively. The process can be considered as proceeding by selective strain-relieving attack (ring-opening) of the lithiated three-membered heterocycle by the lithio ether and then selective β-elimination of lithium alkoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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20
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Strumfs B, Uljanovs R, Velikijs K, Trapencieris P, Strumfa I. 3-Arylaziridine-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives and (3-Arylaziridin-2-yl)ketones: The Aziridination Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189861. [PMID: 34576025 PMCID: PMC8469611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aziridination reactions represent a powerful tool in aziridine synthesis. Significant progress has been achieved in this field in the last decades, whereas highly functionalized aziridines including 3-arylated aziridine-2-carbonyl compounds play an important role in both medical and synthetic chemistry. For the reasons listed, in the current review we have focused on the ways to obtain 3-arylated aziridines and on the recent advances (mainly since the year 2000) in the methodology of the synthesis of these compounds via aziridination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boriss Strumfs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (B.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.U.); (K.V.)
| | - Romans Uljanovs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.U.); (K.V.)
| | - Kirils Velikijs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.U.); (K.V.)
| | - Peteris Trapencieris
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (B.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.U.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Schäfer C, Cho H, Vlocskó B, Xie G, Török B. Recent Advances in the Green Synthesis of Heterocycles: From Building Blocks to Biologically Active Compounds. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:426-462. [PMID: 34515007 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210910110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the environmentally benign synthesis of common heterocycles are described. This account features three main parts; the preparation of non-aromatic heterocycles, one-ring aromatic heterocycles and their condensed analogs. Due to the great variety of and high interest in these compounds, this work focuses on providing representative examples of the preparation of the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125. United States
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125. United States
| | - Bernadett Vlocskó
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125. United States
| | - Guoshu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125. United States
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125. United States
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22
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Abstract
Herein a bimetallic radical redox-relay strategy is employed to generate alkyl radicals under mild conditions with titanium(III) catalysis and terminated via hydrogen atom transfer with cobalt(II) catalysis to enact base-free isomerizations of N-Bz aziridines to N-Bz allylic amides. This reaction provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of allylic amides from alkenes via a three-step sequence to accomplish a formal transpositional allylic amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin P Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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23
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Andresini M, Degannaro L, Luisi R. A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2 H-azirines and highly functionalized NH- aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:203-209. [PMID: 33564330 PMCID: PMC7849244 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The reported flow-batch approach enables the easy preparation of 2H-azirines and their stereoselective transformation into highly functionalized NH-aziridines, starting from vinyl azides and organolithium compounds. The protocol has been developed using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as an environmentally benign solvent, resulting into a sustainable, safe and potentially automatable method for the synthesis of interesting strained compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degannaro
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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24
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Bresciani G, Antico E, Ciancaleoni G, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. Bypassing the Inertness of Aziridine/CO 2 Systems to Access 5-Aryl-2-Oxazolidinones: Catalyst-Free Synthesis Under Ambient Conditions. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5586-5594. [PMID: 32902136 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable synthetic routes to access valuable oxazolidinones via CO2 fixation is an active research area, and the aziridine/carbon dioxide coupling has aroused a considerable interest. This reaction features a high activation barrier and thus requires a catalytic system, and may present some other critical issues. Here, the straightforward gram-scale synthesis of a series of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones was developed at ambient temperature and atmospheric CO2 pressure, in the absence of any catalyst/co-catalyst. The key to this innovative procedure consists in the direct transfer of the pre-formed amine/CO2 adduct (carbamate) to common aziridine precursors (dimethylsulfonium salts), replacing the classical sequential addition of amine (intermediate isolation of aziridine) and then CO2 . The reaction mechanism was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations applied to model cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Antico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CIRCC, via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
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25
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Carramiñana V, Ochoa de Retana AM, Palacios F, de Los Santos JM. Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives Through the Addition of O- and S-Nucleophiles to 2 H-Azirines and Their Antiproliferative Effect on A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E3332. [PMID: 32708018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports a straightforward regioselective synthetic methodology to prepare α-aminophosphine oxides and phosphonates through the addition of oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles to the C–N double bond of 2H-azirine derivatives. Determined by the nature of the nucleophile, different α-aminophosphorus compounds may be obtained. For instance, aliphatic alcohols such as methanol or ethanol afford α-aminophosphine oxide and phosphonate acetals after N–C3 ring opening of the intermediate aziridine. However, addition of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, phenols, substituted benzenthiols or ethanethiol to 2H-azirine phosphine oxides or phosphonates yields allylic α-aminophosphine oxides and phosphonates in good to high general yields. In some cases, the intermediate aziridine attained by the nucleophilic addition of O- or S-nucleophiles to the starting 2H-azirine may be isolated and characterized before ring opening. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect on cell lines derived from human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and non-malignant cells (MCR-5) was also screened. Some α-aminophosphorus derivatives exhibited very good activity against the A549 cell line in vitro. Furthermore, selectivity towards cancer cell (A549) over non-malignant cells (MCR-5) has been detected in almost all compounds tested.
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26
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Tan XF, Zhang FG, Ma JA. Asymmetric synthesis of CF 2-functionalized aziridines by combined strong Brønsted acid catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:638-644. [PMID: 32318120 PMCID: PMC7155912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A diastereo- and enantioselective approach to access chiral CF2-functionalized aziridines from difluorodiazoethyl phenyl sulfone (PhSO2CF2CHN2) and in situ-formed aldimines is described. This multicomponent reaction is enabled by a combined strong Brønsted acid catalytic platform consisting of a chiral disulfonimide and 2-carboxyphenylboronic acid. The optical purity of the obtained CF2-substituted aziridines could be further improved by a practical dissolution-filtration procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Fa Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of NUS & TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of NUS & TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of NUS & TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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27
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Jung S, Yoon HJ. Mechanical Force Induces Ylide-Free Cycloaddition of Nonscissible Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4883-4887. [PMID: 31944507 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of aziridines as nonvulnerable mechanophores is reported. Upon exposure to a mechanical force, stereochemically pure nonactivated aziridines incorporated into the backbone of a macromolecule do not undergo cis-trans isomerization, thus suggesting retention of the ring structure under force. Nonetheless, aziridines react with a dipolarophile and seem not to obey conventional reaction pathways that involve C-C or C-N bond cleavage prior to the cycloaddition. Our work demonstrates that a nonvulnerable chemical structure can be a mechanophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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28
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Sengoden M, North M, Whitwood AC. Synthesis of Oxazolidinones by using Carbon Dioxide as a C 1 Building Block and an Aluminium-Based Catalyst. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3296-3303. [PMID: 31141295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxazolidinone synthesis through the coupling of carbon dioxide and aziridines was catalysed by an aluminium(salphen) complex at 50-100 °C and 1-10 bar pressure under solvent-free conditions. The process was applicable to a variety of substituted aziridines, giving products with high regioselectivity. It involved the use of a sustainable and reusable aluminium-based catalyst, used carbon dioxide as a C1 source and provided access to pharmaceutically important oxazolidinones as illustrated by a total synthesis of toloxatone. This protocol was scalable, and the catalyst could be recovered and reused. A catalytic cycle was proposed based on stereochemical, kinetic and Hammett studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Sengoden
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael North
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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29
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Abstract
2H-Azirines are useful precursors for the synthesis of a variety of chiral aziridine and amine derivatives with a range of biological activities. Owing to the ring strain and the presence of a C=N double bond, 2H-azirines are more reactive than other types of ketimine, and undergo a range of enantioselective reactions, including reduction and Diels-Alder reactions, as well as nucleophilic addition to the C=N double bond. Therefore, the enantioselective reactions of 2H-azirines has become a hot topic, in particular within the last few years. In this Minireview, we focus on the enantioselective reactions of 2H-azirines by using catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of chiral additives, the reaction mechanisms, and the applications of these reactions of 2H-azirines and related compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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30
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Pan J, Wu JH, Zhang H, Ren X, Tan JP, Zhu L, Zhang HS, Jiang C, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Aziridines: aza-Darzens Reaction of Cyclic Imines with α-Halogenated Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7425-7430. [PMID: 30958634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective aza-Darzens reaction of cyclic imines with α-halogenated ketones was realized under mild reaction conditions by using amino-acid-derived bifunctional phosphonium salts as phase-transfer promoters. A variety of structurally dense tri- and tetrasubstituted aziridine derivatives, containing benzofused heterocycles as well as spiro-structures, were readily synthesized in high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 d.r. and >99.9 % ee). The highly functionalized aziridine products could be easily transformed into different classes of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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31
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Yi H, Oestreich M. Regiodivergent and Stereospecific Aziridine Opening by Copper-Catalyzed Addition of Silicon Grignard Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 25:6505-6507. [PMID: 30888724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A stereospecific ring opening of various 2-aryl-substituted aziridines with silicon Grignard reagents under copper catalysis is reported. The regiochemical outcome is governed by the steric demand of the silicon nucleophile. The LiCl introduced with the magnesium reagent R3 SiMgX⋅2 LiCl is shown to enhance the SN 2-type displacement of the carbon-nitrogen bond by coordination to the aziridine nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yi
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Ielo L, Touqeer S, Roller A, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Telescoped, Divergent, Chemoselective C1 and C1-C1 Homologation of Imine Surrogates: Access to Quaternary Chloro- and Halomethyl-Trifluoromethyl Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2479-2484. [PMID: 30548145 PMCID: PMC6582437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually novel, high‐yielding, mono‐ or bis‐homologation was realized with lithium halocarbenoids and enables the one‐step, fully chemocontrolled assembly of a new class of quaternary trifluoromethyl aziridines. Trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides (TFAICs) act as convenient electrophilic platforms, enabling the addition of either one or two homologating elements by simply controlling the stoichiometry of the process. Mechanistic studies highlighted that the homologation event, carried out with two different carbenoids (LiCH2Cl and LiCH2F), leads to fluoromethyl analogues in which the first nucleophile is employed for constructing the cycle and the second for decorating the resulting molecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna, X-Ray Structure Analysis Center, Waehringerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Christensen JB. Bach Goes to Town. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030075. [PMID: 30127319 PMCID: PMC6165472 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Donald A. Tomalia is one of the pioneers in the field of dendrimers, who is still active at the age of 80 years-old. The present contribution is a journey through his scientific contributions from the early beginning until his discovery of the poly(amidoamine), (PAMAM)-dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Bolstad Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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34
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Qian G, Bai M, Gao S, Chen H, Zhou S, Cheng HG, Yan W, Zhou Q. Modular One-Step Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using a Catellani Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10980-10984. [PMID: 29956881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reported is a modular one-step three-component synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines using a Catellani strategy. This process exploits aziridines as the alkylating reagents, through palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis, to enable a Catellani/Heck/aza-Michael addition cascade. This mild, chemoselective, and scalable protocol has broad substrate scope (43 examples, up to 90 % yield). The most striking feature of this protocol is the excellent regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity observed for 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-substituted aziridines to access 1,3-cis-substituted and 1,4-cis-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines, respectively. Moreover, this is a versatile process with high step and atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Qian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shijun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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35
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Mészáros Á, Székely A, Stirling A, Novák Z. Design of Trifluoroalkenyl Iodonium Salts for a Hypervalency-Aided Alkenylation-Cyclization Strategy: Metal-Free Construction of Aziridine Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6643-6647. [PMID: 29660841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorinated compounds and their use as pharmaceutical ingredients or synthetic building blocks have been in the focus of chemical and medicinal research. However, the efficient synthesis of trifluoromethylated nitrogen heterocycles is sometimes challenging. Herein, we disclose a simple aziridination process that relies on the use of amines and novel alkenyl iodonium reagents for the synthesis of strained, trifluoromethylated heterocycles. With the utilization of a newly designed and bench-stable but highly reactive hypervalent alkenyl iodonium species, these three-membered-ring heterocyclic compounds can be efficiently constructed from simple amines under mild conditions in the absence of transition-metal catalysts. The special reactivity of the new trifluoropropenyl synthon towards nucleophilic centers could be exploited in more general cyclization and alkenylation reactions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Mészáros
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Székely
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Current address: Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 2, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - András Stirling
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Peng Q, Guo D, Bie J, Wang J. Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Benzoin Reactions of Aldehydes with 2H-Azirines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3767-3771. [PMID: 29436753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented enantioselective aza-benzoin reaction of aldehydes with 2H-azirines was developed by utilizing a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. A wide range of corresponding aziridines can be obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The obtained optically active aziridines should be useful in the synthesis of other valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbo Bie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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Kowalczyk A, Pieczonka AM, Rachwalski M, Leśniak S, Stączek P. Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Aziridine Derivatives of Urea and Thiourea. Molecules 2017; 23:E45. [PMID: 29295572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we report the synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activities of aziridine-thiourea derivatives. A series of aziridines in reaction with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to obtain urea and thiourea derivatives were used. The structures of all new products were confirmed based on spectroscopic data (¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HR-MS). These compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria. Six of the tested compounds appeared to be promising agents against reference strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Subsequently, compounds exhibiting promising antibacterial activity were tested against twelve clinical isolates of S. aureus from three different sources of infection. The most bactericidal compounds (MIC = 16-32 µg/mL) showed better antibacterial activity against MRSA than ampicillin and streptomycin. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis on L929 murine fibroblast and HeLa human tumor cell line using the MTT assay allowed us to select the least toxic compounds for future investigation.
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38
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Zhang YQ, Vogelsang E, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed Radical Opening of N-Acylated Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12654-12657. [PMID: 28833905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aziridines activated by N-acylation are opened to the higher substituted radical through electron transfer from titanocene(III) complexes in a novel catalytic reaction. This reaction is applicable in conjugate additions, reductions, and cyclizations and suited for the construction of quaternary carbon centers. The concerted mechanism of the ring opening is indicated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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39
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Ju M, Weatherly CD, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. Chemo- and Enantioselective Intramolecular Silver-Catalyzed Aziridinations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9944-9948. [PMID: 28614622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric nitrene-transfer reactions are a powerful tool for the preparation of enantioenriched amine building blocks. Reported herein are chemo- and enantioselective silver-catalyzed aminations which transform di- and trisubstituted homoallylic carbamates into [4.1.0]-carbamate-tethered aziridines in good yields and with ee values of up to 92 %. The effects of the substrate, silver counteranion, ligand, solvent, and temperature on both the chemoselectivity and ee value were explored. Stereochemical models were proposed to rationalize the observed absolute stereochemistry of the aziridines, which undergo nucleophilic ring opening to yield enantioenriched amines with no erosion in stereochemical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cale D Weatherly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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40
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Nakamura S, Hayama D. Enantioselective Reaction of 2H-Azirines with Phosphite Using Chiral Bis(imidazoline)/Zinc(II) Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8785-8789. [PMID: 28557241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective nucleophilic addition reaction of phosphites with 2H-azirines has been developed. The reaction was applied to various 3-substituted 2H-azirines using novel chiral bis(imidazoline)/ZnII catalysts to afford products in good yield with high enantioselectivity. The transformation of the obtained optically active aziridines showed that 2H-azirines act as either α,β- or β,β-dicarbocationic amine synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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41
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Mukherjee M, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Gupta AK, Pulgam VR, Staples RJ, Wulff WD. Catalyst-Controlled Multicomponent Aziridination of Chiral Aldehydes. Chemistry 2017; 23:2552-2556. [PMID: 28005302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective method for the multicomponent aziridination of chiral aldehydes has been developed with BOROX catalysts of the VANOL (3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-bi-1-naphthol) and VAPOL (2,2'-diphenyl-(4-biphenanthrol)) ligands. Very high to perfect catalyst control is observed with most all substrates examined including aldehydes with chiral centers in the α- and β-positions. High catalyst control was also observed for a number of chiral heterocyclic aldehydes allowing for the preparation of epoxy aziridines, bis(aziridines) and ethylene diaziridines. Application of this reaction in the synthesis of β3 -homo-d-alloisoleucine and β3 -homo-l-isoleucine is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yubai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yijing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - AniL K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - V Reddy Pulgam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - William D Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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42
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Ren X, Guo Q, Chen J, Xie H, Xu Q, Lu Z. Visible-Light Promoted Distereodivergent Intramolecular Oxyamidation of Alkenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:18695-18699. [PMID: 27770547 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The visible-light-promoted diastereodivergent intramolecular oxyamination of alkenes is described to construct oxazolindinones, pyrrolidinones and imidazolidones via mild generation of primary amidyl radicals from functionalized hydroxylamines. A unique phenomenon of highly diastereoselective ring-opening of aziridines controlled by electron sacrifices was observed. Highly diastereoselective amino alcohols derivatives were obtained efficiently through this protocol in gram scales. The mechanistic studies suggested the isolatable anti-aziridine intermediates were generated quickly from primary amidyl radicals and the diastereoselectivities were controlled by pKa values of the electron sacrifices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qihang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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43
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Xu H, Liu X, Cao C, Zhao B, Cheng P, He L. A Porous Metal-Organic Framework Assembled by [Cu 30] Nanocages: Serving as Recyclable Catalysts for CO 2 Fixation with Aziridines. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2016; 3:1600048. [PMID: 27980985 PMCID: PMC5111788 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on a novel ligand 5-(2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid (H4BCP) with large skeletons, a unique porous framework {[Cu2(BCP)(H2O)2]·3DMF} n (1) assembled by nano-sized and censer-like [Cu30] cages is successfully obtained and structurally characterized. In 1, the large 1D channel in frameworks and window size in the nanocages can enrich methylene blue and capture CO2, exhibiting the promising applications in environmental protection. More importantly, the explorations on the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and aziridines with various substituents suggest that 1 can serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 conversion with aziridines in a solvent-free system, which can be reused at least ten times without any obvious loss in catalytic activity. This is the first example of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalysts in converting CO2 into high-value oxazolidinones through activating aziridines and CO2, further extending the applications of MOFs materials in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300071China
| | - Xiao‐Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Chun‐Shuai Cao
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300071China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300071China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300071China
| | - Liang‐Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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44
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Huck L, González JF, de la Cuesta E, Menéndez JC. Three-component synthesis of highly functionalized aziridines containing a peptide side chain and their one-step transformation into β-functionalized α-ketoamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1772-7. [PMID: 27559422 PMCID: PMC4979736 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A sequential three-component process is described, starting from 3-arylmethylene-2,5-piperazinediones and involving a one-pot sequence of reactions achieving regioselective opening of the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring and diastereoselective generation of an aziridine ring. This method allows the preparation of N-unprotected, trisubstituted aziridines bearing a peptide side chain under mild conditions. Their transformation into β-trifluoroacetamido-α-ketoamide and α,β-diketoamide frameworks was also achieved in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Huck
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F González
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Cuesta
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Zakrzewski J, Smalley AP, Kabeshov MA, Gaunt MJ, Lapkin AA. Continuous-Flow Synthesis and Derivatization of Aziridines through Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8878-83. [PMID: 27304395 PMCID: PMC5094502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A continuous‐flow synthesis of aziridines by palladium‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation is described. The new flow reaction could be combined with an aziridine‐ring‐opening reaction to give highly functionalized aliphatic amines through a consecutive process. A predictive mechanistic model was developed and used to design the C−H activation flow process and illustrates an approach towards first‐principles design based on novel catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zakrzewski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Adam P Smalley
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mikhail A Kabeshov
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Alexei A Lapkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK.
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Feraldi-Xypolia A, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Ring Contraction of 3-Hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidines: Synthesis of 2-Substituted 2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26218227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A ring contraction of 3-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidines was achieved via an aziridinium intermediate. This contraction facilitates the synthesis of a series of 2-substituted 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines incorporating a quaternary center at the C2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Feraldi-Xypolia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231-Paris Cedex 05 (France)
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231-Paris Cedex 05 (France).
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231 ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231-Paris Cedex 05 (France).
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Schjoeth-Eskesen C, Hansen PR, Kjaer A, Gillings N. Efficient regioselective ring opening of activated aziridine-2-carboxylates with [(18)f]fluoride. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:65-71. [PMID: 25861572 PMCID: PMC4380955 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aziridines can undergo a range of ring-opening reactions with nucleophiles. The regio- and stereochemistry of the products depend on the substituents on the aziridine. Aziridine ring-opening reactions have rarely been used in radiosynthesis. Herein we report the ring opening of activated aziridine-2-carboxylates with [18F]fluoride. The aziridine was activated for nucleophilic attack by substitution of various groups on the aziridine nitrogen atom. Fluorine-18 radiolabelling was followed by ester hydrolysis and removal of the activation group. Totally regioselective ring opening and subsequent deprotection was achieved with tert-butyloxycarbonyl- and carboxybenzyl-activated aziridines to give α-[18F]fluoro-β-alanine in good radiochemical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schjoeth-Eskesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark) ; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)
| | - Paul Robert Hansen
- Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark) ; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)
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48
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Kuprov I, Hodgson DM, Kloesges J, Pearson CI, Odell B, Claridge TDW. Anomalous nuclear Overhauser effects in carbon-substituted aziridines: scalar cross-relaxation of the first kind. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3697-701. [PMID: 25631552 PMCID: PMC4506550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous NOESY cross-peaks that cannot be explained by dipolar cross-relaxation or chemical exchange are described for carbon-substituted aziridines. The origin of these is identified as scalar cross-relaxation of the first kind, as demonstrated by a complete theoretical description of this relaxation process and by computational simulation of the NOESY spectra. It is shown that this process relies on the stochastic modulation of J-coupling by conformational transitions, which in the case of aziridines arise from inversion at the nitrogen center. The observation of scalar cross-relaxation between protons does not appear to have been previously reported for NOESY spectra. Conventional analysis would have assigned the cross-peaks as being indicative of a chemical exchange process occurring between correlated spins, were it not for the fact that the pairs of nuclei displaying them cannot undergo such exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ (UK)
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49
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Abstract
The amine has landed! By employing the rhodium catalyst [Rh2 (esp)2 ] in the presence of a readily available amine source (DPH), unactivated and styrene-type olefins can now be stereospecifally transformed, in high yields at room temperature, into valuable NH aziridine products. esp=α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-1,3-benzenedipropionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306. E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 (USA) http://www.cbc.arizona.edu/njardarson/group/
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50
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Dolfen J, Kenis S, Van Hecke K, De Kimpe N, D'hooghe M. Selective synthesis of functionalized trifluoromethylated pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes starting from 1-tosyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)aziridine. Chemistry 2014; 20:10650-3. [PMID: 24523231 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the generation and alkylation of the 1-tosyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)aziridin-2-yl anion with ω,ω'-dihaloalkanes, followed by a novel ring-expansion protocol toward 2-CF3-pyrrolidines, 2-CF3-piperidines, and 3-CF3-azepanes. A variety of halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles was used to trigger this ring rearrangement, resulting in CF3-azaheterocycles bearing different types of functionalized side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Dolfen
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9-264-62-21
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