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Moon JW, Hong BJ, Kim SK, Park MS, Lee H, Lee J, Kim MY. Systematic identification of a synthetic lethal interaction in brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216781. [PMID: 38494150 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) presents a significant clinical challenge due to the short latency and the lack of efficient treatment options. Therefore, identification of molecular vulnerabilities in metastatic LuAC holds great importance in the development of therapeutic drugs against this disease. In this study, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screening using poorly and highly brain-metastatic LuAC cell lines. Using this approach, we discovered that compared to poorly metastatic LuAC (LuAC-Par) cells, brain-metastatic LuAC (LuAC-BrM) cells exhibited a significantly higher vulnerability to c-FLIP (an inhibitor of caspase-8)-depletion-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that c-FLIP knockdown specifically inhibited growth of LuAC-BrM, but not the LuAC-Par, tumors, suggesting the addiction of LuAC-BrM to the function of c-FLIP for their survival. Our in vitro and in vivo analyses also demonstrated that LuAC-BrM is more sensitive to c-FLIP-depletion due to ER stress-induced activation of the c-JUN and subsequent induction of stress genes including ATF4 and DDIT3. Finally, we found that c-JUN not only sensitized LuAC-BrM to c-FLIP-depletion-induced cell death but also promoted brain metastasis in vivo, providing strong evidence for c-JUN's function as a double-edged sword in LuAC-BrM. Collectively, our findings not only reveal a novel link between c-JUN, brain metastasis, and c-FLIP addiction in LuAC-BrM but also present an opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - JiWon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Wang WD, Zeng CY, Shang Y, Ni J, Li GJ, Li LP, Xi SH, Chen SZ. Thiostrepton suppresses triple-negative breast cancer through downregulating c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38634704 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2343420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Thiostrepton exerts anti-tumor activities against several cancers including TNBC. Herein we discussed the new molecular mechanisms of thiostrepton in TNBC. Thiostrepton inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, accompanied by a decrease of c-FLIP and p-SMAD2/3. c-FLIP overexpression reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton, while SMAD2/3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton. Moreover, c-FLIP overexpression significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 proteins and vice versa. In conclusion, our study reveals c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway as a novel mechanism of antitumor activity of thiostrepton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Die Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gao-Jie Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuo-Han Xi
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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Kanagasabai T, Dunbar Z, Ochoa SG, Farris T, Dhandayuthapani S, Wijeratne EMK, Gunatilaka AAL, Shanker A. Bortezomib in Combination with Physachenolide C Reduces the Tumorigenic Properties of KRAS mut/P53 mut Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting c-FLIP. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:670. [PMID: 38339421 PMCID: PMC10854725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in apoptosis regulation are one of the classical features of cancer cells, often associated with more aggressiveness and failure to therapeutic options. We investigated the combinatorial antitumor effects of a natural product, physachenolide C (PCC) and bortezomib, in KRASmut/P53mut lung cancer cells and xenograft mice models. METHODS The in vitro anticancer effects of the bortezomib and PCC combination were investigated using cell viability, migration, and invasion assays in 344SQ, H23, and H358 cell lines. Furthermore, the effects of combination treatment on the critical parameters of cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation based on the oxygen consumption rate of cancer cells were assessed using Seahorse assay. Finally, the antitumor effect of the bortezomib (1 mg/kg) and PCC (10 mg/kg) combination was evaluated using xenograft mice models. RESULTS Our data showed that the bortezomib-PCC combination was more effective in reducing the viability of lung cancer cells in comparison with the individual treatments. Similarly, the combination treatment showed a significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion of cancer cells. Additionally, the key anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP was significantly inhibited along with a substantial reduction in the key parameters of cellular metabolism in cancer cells. Notably, the bortezomib or PCC inhibited the tumor growth compared to the control group, the tumor growth inhibition was much more effective when bortezomib was combined with PCC in tumor xenograft mice models. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that PCC sensitizes cancer cells to bortezomib, potentially improving the antitumor effects against KRASmut/P53mut lung cancer cells, with an enhanced efficacy of combination treatments without causing significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Zerick Dunbar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Salvador González Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Tonie Farris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.K.); (T.F.)
| | | | - E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (E.M.K.W.)
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (E.M.K.W.)
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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Yaacoub K, Pedeux R, Lafite P, Jarry U, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P, Daniellou R, Guillaudeux T. The Identification of New c-FLIP Inhibitors for Restoring Apoptosis in TRAIL-Resistant Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:710-728. [PMID: 38248348 PMCID: PMC10814526 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytically inactive caspase-8-homologous protein, c-FLIP, is a potent antiapoptotic protein highly expressed in various types of cancers. c-FLIP competes with caspase-8 for binding to the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain) following death receptors' (DRs) activation via the ligands of the TNF-R family. As a consequence, the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway involving DRs is inhibited. The inhibition of c-FLIP activity in tumor cells might enhance DR-mediated apoptosis and overcome immune and anticancer drug resistance. Based on an in silico approach, the aim of this work was to identify new small inhibitory molecules able to bind selectively to c-FLIP and block its anti-apoptotic activity. Using a homology 3D model of c-FLIP, an in silico screening of 1880 compounds from the NCI database (National Cancer Institute) was performed. Nine molecules were selected for in vitro assays, based on their binding affinity to c-FLIP and their high selectivity compared to caspase-8. These molecules selectively bind to the Death Effector Domain 2 (DED2) of c-FLIP. We have tested in vitro the inhibitory effect of these nine molecules using the human lung cancer cell line H1703, overexpressing c-FLIP. Our results showed that six of these newly identified compounds efficiently prevent FADD/c-FLIP interactions in a molecular pull-down assay, as well as in a DISC immunoprecipitation assay. The overexpression of c-FLIP in H1703 prevents TRAIL-mediated apoptosis; however, a combination of TRAIL with these selected molecules significantly restored TRAIL-induced cell death by rescuing caspase cleavage and activation. Altogether, our findings indicate that new inhibitory chemical molecules efficiently prevent c-FLIP recruitment into the DISC complex, thus restoring the caspase-8-dependent apoptotic cascade. These results pave the way to design new c-FLIP inhibitory molecules that may serve as anticancer agents in tumors overexpressing c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Yaacoub
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Pierre Lafite
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Daniellou
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
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Chan SH, Kuo WH, Wang LH. SCEL regulates switches between pro-survival and apoptosis of the TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB/ c-FLIP axis to control lung colonization of triple negative breast cancer. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:93. [PMID: 38037106 PMCID: PMC10688137 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have a higher probability of developing visceral metastasis within 5 years after the initial diagnosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the progression and spread of mTNBC is urgently needed. METHODS The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based LC-MS/MS proteomic approach was applied to identify novel membrane-associated proteins in the lung-tropic metastatic cells. Public domain datasets were used to assess the clinical relevance of the candidate proteins. Cell-based and mouse models were used for biochemical and functional characterization of the protein molecule Sciellin (SCEL) identified by iTRAQ to elucidate its role and underlying mechanism in promoting lung colonization of TNBC cells. RESULTS The iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS proteomic approach identified a membrane-associated protein SCEL that was overexpressed in the lung-tropic metastatic cells, and its high expression was significantly correlated with the late-stage TNBC and the shorter survival of the patients. Downregulation of SCEL expression significantly impaired the 3D colony-forming ability but not the migration and invasion ability of the lung colonization (LC) cells. Knockdown of SCEL reduced TNF-α-induced activation of the NF-κB/c-FLIP pro-survival and Akt/Erk1/2 growth signaling pathways in the LC cells. Specifically, knockdown of SCEL expression switched TNF-α-mediated cell survival to the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of SCEL promoted TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB/c-FLIP pro-survival and Akt/Erk1/2 pro-growth signaling pathway. The result of co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down assay showed that SCEL could interact with TNFR1 to promote its protein stability. The xenograft mouse model experiments revealed that knockdown of SCEL resulted in increase of caspase-3 activity, and decrease of ki67 and TNFR1 expression as well as increase of tumor-associated macrophages in the metastatic lung lesions. Clinically, SCEL expression was found to be positively correlated with TNFR1 in TNBC tissues. Lastly, we showed that blocking TNF-α-mediated cell survival signaling by adalimumab effectively suppressed the lung colonization of the SCEL-positive, but not the SCEL-downregulated LC cells in the tail-vein injection model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SCEL plays an essential role in the metastatic lung colonization of TNBC by promoting the TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB/c-FLIP survival and Akt/Erk1/2 proliferation signaling. Thus, SCEL may serve as a biomarker for adalimumab treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsuan Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Hai Wang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Luiz-Ferreira A, Pacifico T, Cruz ÁC, Laudisi F, Monteleone G, Stolfi C. TRAIL-Sensitizing Effects of Flavonoids in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16596. [PMID: 38068921 PMCID: PMC10706592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a promising anticancer agent, as it selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells without altering the cellular machinery of healthy cells. Unfortunately, the presence of TRAIL resistance mechanisms in a variety of cancer types represents a major hurdle, thus limiting the use of TRAIL as a single agent. Accumulating studies have shown that TRAIL-mediated apoptosis can be facilitated in resistant tumors by combined treatment with antitumor agents, ranging from synthetic molecules to natural products. Among the latter, flavonoids, the most prevalent polyphenols in plants, have shown remarkable competence in improving TRAIL-driven apoptosis in resistant cell lines as well as tumor-bearing mice with minimal side effects. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms, such as the upregulation of death receptor (DR)4 and DR5 and downregulation of key anti-apoptotic proteins [e.g., cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), survivin], underlying the TRAIL-sensitizing properties of different classes of flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, chalcones, prenylflavonoids). Finally, we discuss limitations, mainly related to bioavailability issues, and future perspectives regarding the clinical use of flavonoids as adjuvant agents in TRAIL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luiz-Ferreira
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão 75704020, GO, Brazil;
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Álefe Cardoso Cruz
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão 75704020, GO, Brazil;
| | - Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.L.); (G.M.)
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Song SR, Seo SU, Woo SM, Yoon JY, Yook S, Kwon TK. Tubeimoside-1 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through STAMBPL1-Mediated c-FLIP Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11840. [PMID: 37511599 PMCID: PMC10380985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS-1), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is commonly used as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate its effect on the sensitization of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results revealed that even though monotherapy using TBMS-1 or TRAIL at sublethal concentrations did not affect cancer cell death, combination therapy using TBMS-1 and TRAIL increased apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, TBMS-1 destabilized c-FLIP expression by downregulating STAMBPL1, a deubiquitinase (DUB). Specifically, when STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP bound together, STAMBPL1 deubiquitylated c-FLIP. Moreover, STAMBPL1 knockdown markedly increased sensitivity to TRAIL by destabilizing c-FLIP. These findings were further confirmed in vivo using a xenograft model based on the observation that combined treatment with TBMS-1 and TRAIL decreased tumor volume and downregulated STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP expression levels. Overall, our study revealed that STAMBPL1 is essential for c-FLIP stabilization, and that STAMBPL1 depletion enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via c-FLIP downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Rae Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Yoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Yang WJ, Han FH, Gu YP, Qu H, Liu J, Shen JH, Leng Y. TGR5 agonist inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via cAMP/PKA/ c-FLIP/JNK signaling pathway and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01081-y. [PMID: 36997665 PMCID: PMC10374578 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) is a crucial cause of disrupted epithelium homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The regulation of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) in IEC apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear, and the direct evidence from selective TGR5 agonists for the treatment of UC is also lacking. Here, we synthesized a potent and selective TGR5 agonist OM8 with high distribution in intestinal tract and investigated its effect on IEC apoptosis and UC treatment. We showed that OM8 potently activated hTGR5 and mTGR5 with EC50 values of 202 ± 55 nM and 74 ± 17 nM, respectively. After oral administration, a large amount of OM8 was maintained in intestinal tract with very low absorption into the blood. In DSS-induced colitis mice, oral administration of OM8 alleviated colitis symptoms, pathological changes and impaired tight junction proteins expression. In addition to enhancing intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation, OM8 administration significantly reduced the rate of apoptotic cells in colonic epithelium in colitis mice. The direct inhibition by OM8 on IEC apoptosis was further demonstrated in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells in vitro. In HT-29 cells, we demonstrated that silencing TGR5, inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA) all blocked the suppression of JNK phosphorylation induced by OM8, thus abolished its antagonizing effect against TNF-α induced apoptosis, suggesting that the inhibition by OM8 on IEC apoptosis was mediated via activation of TGR5 and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Further studies showed that OM8 upregulated cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression in a TGR5-dependent manner in HT-29 cells. Knockdown of c-FLIP blocked the inhibition by OM8 on TNF-α induced JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis, suggesting that c-FLIP was indispensable for the suppression of OM8 on IEC apoptosis induced by OM8. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a new mechanism of TGR5 agonist on inhibiting IEC apoptosis via cAMP/PKA/c-FLIP/JNK signaling pathway in vitro, and highlighted the value of TGR5 agonist as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang-Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Pei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zheng X, Huang D, Liu X, Liu QY, Gao X, Liu L. GSK3β/ITCH/ c-FLIP Axis Counteracts TRAIL-induced Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:242-249. [PMID: 36644866 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230112165515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Further investigation on the mechanism of action of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in NSCLC would shed light on the understanding of TRAIL resistance and provide new clues for the counter-strategy. BACKGROUND Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a critical inhibitor of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our previous study suggested that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) positively regulated c-FLIP expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Meanwhile, other studies reported that c-FLIP was degraded by HECT-type E3 ligase ITCH (Itchy E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase) via the proteasome pathway. OBJECTIVE We will explore whether ITCH is involved in the expression regulation of c-FLIP positively controlled by GSK3β during the treatment of TRAIL. METHODS Human lung adenocarcinoma cells were used to stably overexpress and knockdown GSK3β. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was used to test the expressional level of mRNA of genes. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of proteins at the protein level. si RNA of ITCH was used to knock down its expression. TRAIL treatment was used to cause apoptosis. RESULTS In the present study, we have confirmed the ITCH protein degradation of c-FLIP and the downregulation of ITCH expression by GSK3β in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, ITCH silencing reversed the downregulation of c-FLIP protein caused by GSK3β-knockdown in the cells. Accordingly, TRAIL-induced apoptosis facilitated by GSK3β knockdown was blocked by the combined interference of ITCH. CONCLUSION These results suggested that GSK3β/ITCH axis regulated the stability of c-FLIP and impacting on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study revealed a GSK3β/ITCH/c-FLIP axis that counteracts TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Donglan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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10
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Bai ZQ, Hu K. Expression, purification, and characterization of c-FLIP tandem death effector domains from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 200:106168. [PMID: 36084903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) regulates extrinsic apoptosis by controlling procaspase-8 activation through its tandem N-terminal death effector domains (DEDs). Here, we present the expression and purification of c-FLIP tandem DEDs (tDED) from Escherichia coli. We observed that the c-FLIPtDED maintains monomeric form under near-physiological pH condition in vitro. Our results also reveal a significant correlation between the pH conditions and the structure of c-FLIPtDED (F114A). The described methods and results would be helpful for follow-up study on the structural and functional of c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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11
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Wang WD, Shang Y, Wang C, Ni J, Wang AM, Li GJ, Su L, Chen SZ. c-FLIP promotes drug resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer cells via upregulating FoxM1 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2956-2966. [PMID: 35422085 PMCID: PMC9622852 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) protein, a transcription factor, plays critical roles in regulating tumor growth and drug resistance, while cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), an anti-apoptotic regulator, is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of c-FLIP on the expression and ubiquitination levels of FoxM1 along with drug susceptibility in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We first showed that the expression levels of FoxM1 and c-FLIP were increased and positively correlated (R2 = 0.1106, P < 0.0001) in 90 NSCLC samples. The survival data from prognostic analysis demonstrated that high expression of c-FLIP and/or FoxM1 was related to poor prognosis in NSCLC patients and that the combination of FoxM1 and c-FLIP could be a more precise prognostic biomarker than either alone. Then, we explored the functions of c-FLIP/FoxM1 in drug resistance in NSCLC cell lines and a xenograft mouse model in vivo. We showed that c-FLIP stabilized FoxM1 by inhibiting its ubiquitination, thus upregulated the expression of FoxM1 at post-transcriptional level. In addition, a positive feedback loop composed of FoxM1, β-catenin and p65 also participated in c-FLIP-FoxM1 axis. We revealed that c-FLIP promoted the resistance of NSCLC cells to thiostrepton and osimertinib by upregulating FoxM1. Taken together, these results reveal a new mechanism by which c-FLIP regulates FoxM1 and the function of this interaction in the development of thiostrepton and osimertinib resistance. This study provides experimental evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting the c-FLIP-FoxM1 axis for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Die Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Gao-Jie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Su
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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12
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Holmgren C, Sunström Thörnberg E, Granqvist V, Larsson C. Induction of Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis by TRAIL and Smac Mimetics: Involvement of RIP1 and cFLIP. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4803-4821. [PMID: 36286042 PMCID: PMC9600666 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Smac mimetics are a group of compounds able to facilitate cell death in cancer cells. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death receptor ligand currently explored in combination with Smac mimetics. The molecular mechanisms determining if the combination treatment results in apoptosis are however not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to shed light on these mechanisms in breast cancer cells. Three breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-468, CAMA-1 and MCF-7, were used to evaluate the effects of Smac mimetic LCL-161 and TRAIL using cell death assays and Western blot. The combination treatment induces apoptosis and caspase-8 cleavage in MDA-MB-468 and CAMA-1 but not in MCF-7 cells and downregulation of caspase-8 blocked apoptosis. Downregulation, but not kinase inhibition, of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) suppressed apoptosis in CAMA-1. Apoptosis is preceded by association of RIP1 with caspase-8. Downregulating cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) resulted in increased caspase cleavage and some induction of apoptosis by TRAIL and LCL-161 in MCF-7. In CAMA-1, c-FLIP depletion potentiated TRAIL-induced caspase cleavage and LCL-161 did not increase it further. Our results lend further support to a model where LCL-161 enables the formation of a complex including RIP1 and caspase-8 and circumvents c-FLIP-mediated inhibition of caspase activation.
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13
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Bai ZQ, Ma X, Liu B, Huang T, Hu K. Solution structure of c-FLIP death effector domains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:1-6. [PMID: 35688044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filament initiates extrinsic apoptosis. Recruitment and activation of procaspase-8 at the DISC are regulated by c-FLIP. The interaction between c-FLIP and procaspase-8 is mediated by their tandem DEDs (tDED). However, the structure of c-FLIPtDED and how c-FLIP interferes with procaspase-8 activation at the DISC remain elusive. Here, we solved the monomeric structure of c-FLIPtDED (F114G) at near physiological pH by solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Structural superimposition reveals c-FLIPtDED (F114G) adopts a structural topology similar to that of procaspase-8tDED. Our results provide a structural basis for understanding how c-FLIP interacts with procaspase-8 and the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP in regulating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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14
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Safa AR. Drug and apoptosis resistance in cancer stem cells: a puzzle with many pieces. Cancer Drug Resist 2022; 5:850-872. [PMID: 36627897 PMCID: PMC9771762 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality. Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. Similarly, their close relationship with the tumor microenvironment creates greater complexity in developing novel treatment strategies targeting CSCs. Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCs in various cancers. These include enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters, activation of various cytoprotective and survival signaling pathways, dysregulation of stemness signaling pathways, aberrant DNA repair mechanisms, increased quiescence, autophagy, increased immune evasion, deficiency of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins including c-FLIP [cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein], Bcl-2 family members, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. Several studies have identified promising strategies to target CSCs. These emerging strategies may help target CSC-associated drug resistance and metastasis in clinical settings. This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Safa
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. E-mail:
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15
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Zhang R, Xue T, Shao A, Lang Y, Qin C, Zhao M, Kuang Y, Yu Z, Geng Y, Zhao C, Tang J. Bclaf1 regulates c-FLIP expression and protects cells from TNF-induced apoptosis and tissue injury. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52702. [PMID: 34693625 PMCID: PMC8728627 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF stimulation generates pro-survival signals through activation of NF-κB that restrict the build-in death signaling triggered by TNF. The competition between TNF-induced survival and death signals ultimately determines the fate of a cell. Here, we report the identification of Bclaf1 as a novel component of the anti-apoptotic program of TNF. Bclaf1 depletion in multiple cells sensitizes cells to TNF-induced apoptosis but not to necroptosis. Bclaf1 exerts its anti-apoptotic function by promoting the transcription of CFLAR, a caspase 8 antagonist, downstream of NF-κB activation. Bclaf1 binds to the p50 subunit of NF-κB, which is required for Bclaf1 to stimulate CFLAR transcription. Finally, in Bclaf1 siRNA administered mice, TNF-induced small intestine injury is much more severe than in control mice with aggravated signs of apoptosis and pyroptosis. These results suggest Bclaf1 is a key regulator in TNF-induced apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Teng Xue
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Anwen Shao
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue Lang
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Qin
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunyun Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardiocerebrovascular DiseaseHebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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16
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Ivanisenko NV, Seyrek K, Hillert-Richter LK, König C, Espe J, Bose K, Lavrik IN. Regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling by c-FLIP: towards targeting cancer networks. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:190-209. [PMID: 34973957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic pathway is mediated by death receptors (DRs), including CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or TRAILR-1/2. Defects in apoptosis regulation lead to cancer and other malignancies. The master regulator of the DR networks is the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). In addition to its key role in apoptosis, c-FLIP may exert other cellular functions, including control of necroptosis, pyroptosis, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and tumorigenesis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP action in cancer networks, we focus on the structure, isoforms, interactions, and post-translational modifications of c-FLIP. We also discuss various avenues to target c-FLIP in cancer cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert-Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Espe
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kakoli Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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Sittithumcharee G, Kariya R, Kasemsuk T, Saeeng R, Okada S. Antitumor effect of acanthoic acid against primary effusion lymphoma via inhibition of c-FLIP. Phytother Res 2021; 35:7018-7026. [PMID: 34779075 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acanthoic acid (AA) is an active substance that is extracted from Croton oblongifolius Roxb., a traditional plant in Thailand. The antiinflammatory effect of AA on NF-κB pathway has been exclusively reported, however, its anticancer effect is still lacking. PEL is a B cell lymphoma that is mostly found in HIV patients. The prognosis and progression of PEL patients are terribly poor with a median survival time less than 6 months, so the new effective treatment is urgently needed. In this study, we found that AA effectively inhibited PEL cell proliferation with IC50s at 120-130 μM in well-representative cells, while the IC50s of AA in PBMC were higher (>200 μM). AA increased percentages of Annexin V/PI positive cells, whereas adding of caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-OPh) prevented AA-induced cell death. The antiapoptotic protein, c-FLIP, was downregulated by AA which leading to the activation of caspase-8 and -3. Combination of AA and TRAIL dramatically enhanced apoptotic cell death. In PEL xenograft model, AA at the dose of 250 mg/kg effectively inhibited PEL tumor growth without detectable toxicities assessed by mice weight and appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunya Sittithumcharee
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teerapich Kasemsuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Hematopoiesis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Sumarni U, Reidel U, Eberle J. Targeting Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells by Ingenol Mebutate (PEP005) Correlates with PKCδ Activation, ROS Induction as Well as Downregulation of XIAP and c-FLIP. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050987. [PMID: 33922439 PMCID: PMC8146015 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and the plant extract ingenol mebutate (PEP005) may be considered. PEP005 has been approved for actinic keratosis, and proapoptotic activities were described in different cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate its efficacy in four CTCL cell lines and its mode of action. While HuT-78 and HH responded with induced apoptosis as well as with loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, MyLa and SeAx remained resistant. Interestingly, both sensitive and resistant cells showed caspase-8 activation and enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while final caspase-3 activation was restricted to sensitive cells. Apoptosis induction was prevented by the caspase inhibitor QVD-Oph as well as by the antioxidant vitamin E. Caspase activation by PEP005 may be explained to some extent by the downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP in sensitive cells, whereas both proteins were strongly expressed in resistant cells. Finally, PEP005 resulted in the activation of proapoptotic PKCδ, and the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I reduced apoptosis, caspase-3 processing and ROS production, as well as restored cell viability. In conclusion, PKCδ appeared as a central player in apoptosis regulation in CTCL cells, also suggesting its therapeutic targeting.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Protein Kinase C-delta/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-delta/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
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19
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Deng L, Wang C, He C, Chen L. Bone mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles promote TRAIL-related apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the delivery of microRNA-20a-3p. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:223-235. [PMID: 33136092 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely researched in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study intended to discuss the mechanism of miR-20a-3p in BMSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HCC apoptosis. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and identified. EVs derived from BMSCs were extracted and identified. After overexpressing or inhibiting miR-20a-3p expression in BMSCs, EVs were extracted and acted on HCC cells and transplanted tumors. HCC cell apoptosis in the treatment of BMSCs-conditioned medium, BMSCs-EVs and/or miR-20a-3p mimic/inhibitor was evaluated, with the detection of levels of TRAIL and TRAIL-related proteins. A functional rescue experiment about c-FLIP was carried out in HCC cells. The target binding relationship between miR-20a-3p and c-FLIP was detected. The subcutaneous tumorigenesis model of mice was established and injected with BMSCs-EVs to estimate the effect of BMSCs-EVs-miR-20a-3p on HCC growth. RESULTS EVs isolated from BMSCs conditioned medium promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. After BMSCs-EVs treatment, TRAIL levels, downstream proteins and miR-20a-3p were increased significantly, but the expression of c-FLIP was decreased. miR-20a-3p could target c-FLIP. BMSCs-EVs inhibited the growth of HCC cells, decreased c-FLIP expression, increased TRAIL levels, and promote the of HCC cell apoptosis. BMSCs-EVs with overexpressing miR-20a-3p further enhanced the apoptotic effect of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION BMSCs-EVs-carried miR-20a-3p targets c-FLIP and increases TRAIL levels in HCC cells, thus promoting TRAIL-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Computer Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao He
- Antibiotic Drug Office, Sichuan Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Phung CD, Tran TH, Choi JY, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Yong CS, Kim JO. Pre- and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of cFLIP for Effective Cancer Therapy Using pH-Ultrasensitive Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5999-6010. [PMID: 33506682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) is a crucial player of apoptosis-regulated pathways that is frequently overexpressed in solid cancers. To inhibit c-FLIP, pre- and post-transcriptionally, a multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) was created to deliver cFLIP-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cancer cells. Specifically, Vorinostat (Vor)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were conjugated with polyethylenimine-biotin (PB), followed by electrostatically binding with cFLIP siRNA (Vor/siR@MSN-PB). To stabilize and prolong the circulation time of nanoparticles, a bialdehyde-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was cross-linked onto the polyethylenimine (PEI) backbone via the formation of the imine linkage (Schiff base) (Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG). The Schiff base is highly stable at physiological pH 7.4 but labile under slightly acidic pH conditions. In the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), the PEG outer layer could be rapidly cleaved, resulting in the switching of the nanoparticle surface charge to positive, which specifically enhances internalization of the NPs to the biotin-positive tumor cells. Our results demonstrated the successful preparation of Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG NPs, in which the siRNA was effectively protected in serum and regulated the expression of cFlip, post-transcriptionally. The presence of the PEG layer resulted in high tumor accumulation and high efficacy in tumor inhibition, which was a result of the efficient cFLIP suppression. Furthermore, in the low-dose regimen of Vorinostat-the pre-transcriptional cFLIP suppressor, treatment with Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG NPs was found to be safe with the treated mice, indicating a promising combination regimen for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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21
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Huang Y, Wang S, Huang F, Zhang Q, Qin B, Liao L, Wang M, Wan H, Yan W, Chen D, Liu F, Jiang B, Ji D, Xia X, Huang J, Xiong K. c-FLIP regulates pyroptosis in retinal neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery via a GSDMD-mediated pathway. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151672. [PMID: 33434657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), an anti-apoptotic regulator, shows remarkable similarities to caspase-8, which plays a key role in the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD). It has been reported that the oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment could induce inflammation and pyroptosis. However, the regulatory role of c-FLIP in the pyroptotic death of retinal neurons is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that c-FLIP might regulate retinal neuronal pyroptosis by GSDMD cleavage. To investigate this hypothesis, we induced retinal neuronal damage in vitro (OGD/R and LPS/ATP) and in vivo (acute high intraocular pressure [aHIOP]). Our results demonstrated that the three injuries triggered the up-regulation of pyroptosis-related proteins, and c-FLIP could cleave GSDMD to generate a functional N-terminal (NT) domain of GSDMD, causing retinal neuronal pyroptosis. In addition, c-FLIP knockdown in vivo ameliorated the already established visual impairment mediated by acute IOP elevation. Taken together, these findings revealed that decreased c-FLIP expression protected against pyroptotic death of retinal neurons possibly by inhibiting GSDMD-NT generation. Therefore, c-FLIP might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of pyroptosis-related diseases and help to elucidate new therapeutic targets and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huang shi 435003, China
| | - Lvshuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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22
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Woo SM, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Inhibition of Drp1 Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis through Transcriptional Inhibition of c-FLIP Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245793. [PMID: 33302576 PMCID: PMC7764428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation occurs during the apoptosis. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) acts as an important component in mitochondrial fission machinery and can regulate various biological processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation. The present study demonstrates that dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics plays a pivotal role in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Inhibiting the mitochondrial fission with the specific inhibitor (Mdivi-1) did not affect apoptotic cell death in low concentrations (<10 μM). Interestingly, mdivi-1 enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Particularly in the presence of mdivi-1, several human cancer cell lines, including renal carcinoma cell line Caki-1, became vulnerable to cisplatin by demonstrating the traits of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Combined treatment induced downregulation of c-FLIP expression transcriptionally, and ectopic expression of c-FLIP attenuated combined treatment-induced apoptotic cell death with mdivi-1 plus cisplatin. Collectively, our data provide evidence that mdivi-1 might be a cisplatin sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
| | - Kyoung-jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- New Drug Development Center, Deagu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-258-7358
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23
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Maiese A, De Matteis A, Bolino G, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. Hypo-Expression of Flice-Inhibitory Protein and Activation of the Caspase-8 Apoptotic Pathways in the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex Due to Ischemia Induced by the Compression of the Asphyxiogenic Tool on the Skin in Hanging Cases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110938. [PMID: 33198065 PMCID: PMC7696535 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIPL) (55 kDa) is expressed in numerous tissues and most abundantly in the kidney, skeletal muscles and heart. The c-FLIPL has a region of homology with caspase-8 at the carboxy-terminal end which allows the molecule to assume a tertiary structure similar to that of caspases-8 and -10. Consequently, c-FLIPL acts as a negative inhibitor of caspase-8, preventing the processing and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic molecule active form. The c-FLIP plays as an inhibitor of apoptosis induced by a variety of agents, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), T cell receptor (TCR), TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas and death receptor (DR). Increased expression of c-FLIP has been found in many human malignancies and shown to be involved in resistance to CD95/Fas and TRAIL receptor-induced apoptosis. We wanted to verify an investigative protocol using FLIP to make a differential diagnosis between skin sulcus with vitality or non-vital skin sulcus in hanged subjects and those undergoing simulated hanging (suspension of the victim after murder). The study group consisted of 21 cases who died from suicidal hanging. The control group consisted of traumatic or natural deaths, while a third group consisted of simulated hanging cases. The reactions to the Anti-FLIP Antibody (Abcam clone-8421) was scored for each section with a semi-quantitative method by means of microscopic observation carried out with confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The results obtained allow us to state that the skin reaction to the FLIP is extremely clear and precise, allowing a diagnosis of unequivocal vitality and a very objective differentiation with the post-mortal skin sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy; (A.M.); (E.T.)
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
| | - Alessandra De Matteis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Bolino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy; (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy;
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome RM, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Woo SM, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Magnolol Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of TRAIL through DR5 Upregulation and Downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 Proteins in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194591. [PMID: 33050112 PMCID: PMC7582760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a biologically active compound, isolated from the Chinese herb Magnolia, that regulates antiproliferative, anticancer, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities. We found that magnolol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death via upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and Mcl-1 in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Mechanistically, magnolol increased ATF4-dependent DR5 expression at the transcription level, and knockdown of ATF4 markedly inhibited magnolol-induced DR5 upregulation. Silencing DR5 with siRNA prevented combined treatment with magnolol and TRAIL-induced apoptosis and PARP cleavage. Magnolol induced proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 downregulation, while magnolol-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated, at least in part, by lysosomal degradation. Our results revealed that magnolol enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ATF4-dependent DR5 upregulation and downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
| | - Kyoung-jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- New Drug Development Center, Deagu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-258-7358
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25
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Chen Z, Zheng Z, Feng L, Huo Z, Huang L, Fu M, Chen Q, Ke Y, Yang J, Hou B. Overexpression of miR-382 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to γδ T Cells by Inhibiting the Expression of c-FLIP. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:467-475. [PMID: 32953981 PMCID: PMC7479278 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T lymphocytes were reported to display anti-tumor effects against multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) leads to a low response to immunotherapy. Thirty-five HCC tumor tissues and their adjacent healthy tissues were collected from patients with primary HCC who underwent tumor resection in the Third People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, China. The purity of the resulting γδ T cells was identified by anti-γδ-T cell receptor-phycoerythrin (anti-γδ-TCR-PE) and anti-CD3-fluorescein isothiocyanate (anti-CD3-FITC) antibodies on flow cytometry. Human HCC cell lines HepG2 and PLC were cultured. We observed that ex vivo, expanded human γδ T cells were able to induce cell lysis of HCC. Furthermore, as miR-382 was observed to be downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, we found that overexpression of miR-382 increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to γδ T cells. We proved that mRNA of cellular FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was the target of miR-382. Inhibition of c-FLIP by miR-382 significantly promotes the cell lysis of HCC through strengthening the activation caspase 8 induced by γδ T cell treatment. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-382 promotes HCC cell lysis induced by γδ T cells through inhibiting the expression of c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhenqing Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Liju Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Mingchang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiuzan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - YanZhuang Ke
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
| | - Benxin Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Sanya City, 572000 Hainan Province, China
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Abstract
Human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and cell death. Moreover, autophagy provides the cytoprotective effect which contributes to drug resistance in these cells. Furthermore, much evidence shows that CSCs cause tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Various signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/β-catenin as well as the CSC markers maintain CSC properties. Several mechanisms including overexpression of ABC multidrug resistance transporters, a deficiency in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of c-FLIP, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and PI3K/AKT signaling contribute to enhancing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and cell death induction in CSCs in various cancers. Studying such pathways may help provide detailed understanding of CSC mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptosis and may lead to the development of effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Correspondence to: Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill, Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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27
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Song C, Choi S, Oh KB, Sim T. Suppression of TRPM7 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:10037-10050. [PMID: 32468675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) composed of an ion channel and a kinase domain regulates triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but it does not modulate TNBC proliferation. However, previous studies have shown that the combination treatment of nonselective TRPM7 channel inhibitors (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Gd3+ ) with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of TRPM7 in proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells) with TRAIL. We demonstrated that suppression of TRPM7 via TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition synergistically increases TRAIL-induced antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that the synergistic interaction might be associated with TRPM7 channel activities using combination treatments of TRAIL and TRPM7 inhibitors (NS8593 as a TRPM7 channel inhibitor and TG100-115 as a TRPM7 kinase inhibitor). We reveal that downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein via inhibition of Ca2+ influx might be involved in the synergistic interaction. Our study would provide both a new role of TRPM7 in TNBC cell apoptosis and a potential combinatorial therapeutic strategy using TRPM7 inhibitors with TRAIL in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Song
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Meng X, Chang Z, Che N, Wu J, Dang T, Chai J. Acid/bile exposure triggers TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by suppressing the decoy receptors and c-FLIPR. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105736. [PMID: 32135301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma essentially develops from esophageal inflammation caused by chronic GERD. During GERD episodes, the lower esophageal epithelium is repeatedly exposed to stomach acid, which often contains duodenal bile salts that prompt malignant transformation. TRAIL is one of the cytokines produced in response to such insults and targets the transformed cells exclusively. In this study, we simulated GERD episodes in vitro by exposing the cancer cells to acid or acid/bile combination and found that the cancer cells lived through acid attacks by expression of the decoy receptors and c-FLIPR but died of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis when bile salts were present. Further investigation revealed that acid/bile exposure downregulated the decoy receptors and thereby facilitated TRAIL signaling; meantime, it inhibited protein kinase C activity and thus expedited c-FLIPR degradation, allowing apoptosis to take place.
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Liu YP, Wan J, Long F, Tian J, Zhang C. circPVT1 Facilitates Invasion and Metastasis by Regulating miR-205-5p/ c-FLIP Axis in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1229-1240. [PMID: 32110097 PMCID: PMC7035890 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s231872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a key subtype of non-coding RNAs, circular RNA (circRNA) has been well documented to play a key role in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). circPVT1 was revealed to participate in the progression of multiple human tumors; however, the roles of circPVT1 in OS invasion and metastasis and its potential mechanisms remain elusive. Methods RNA expression in OS tissues and cells was examined by qRT-PCR, protein expression was measured by Western blot. circPVT1 knockdown in vitro was achieved by transfecting OS cells with specific siRNAs. OS cell proliferation was assessed via CCK-8 and colony formation assays. OS cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assay. Interaction between miR-205-5p and circPVT1 or c-FLIP was validated through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were performed to explore the regulatory net among circPVT1, miR-205-5p and c-FLIP in OS progression in vitro. Results circPVT1 and c-FLIP were highly expressed, while miR-205-5p was lowly expressed in OS tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of circPVT1 repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion via inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OS. circPVT1 functioned as a sponge of miR-205-5p, and c-FLIP was targeted by miR-205-5p in OS cells. Furthermore, circPVT1 indirectly regulated c-FLIP expression through competitively binding to miR-205-5p. Inhibition of miR-205-5p or overexpression of c-FLIP abolished the effects of si-circPVT1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion Our study demonstrated circPVT1 functions as a sponge for miR-205-5p to promote c-FLIP expression, thereby enhancing EMT and inducing OS invasion and metastasis in vitro, implying that circPVT1 might be a potential therapeutic target for further clinical therapy of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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30
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Woo SM, Seo SU, Kubatka P, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Honokiol Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis through STAMBPL1-Induced Survivin and c-FLIP Degradation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E838. [PMID: 31817770 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a natural biphenolic compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia species, which have been known to display various biological effects including anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic activities in cancer cells. Here, we found that honokiol sensitizes cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis through downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and c-FLIP. Ectopic expression of survivin and c-FLIP markedly abolished honokiol and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, honokiol induced protein degradation of c-FLIP and survivin through STAMBPL1, a deubiquitinase. STAMBPL1 interacted with survivin and c-FLIP, resulted in reduction of ubiquitination. Knockdown of STAMBPL1 reduced survivin and c-FLIP protein levels, while overexpression of STAMBPL1 inhibited honokinol-induced survivin and c-FLIP degradation. Our findings provided that honokiol could overcome TRAIL resistance through survivin and c-FLIP degradation induced by inhibition of STAMBPL1 expression.
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31
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Zong H, Zhou H, Xiang Y, Wu G. miR-125b suppresses cellular proliferation by targeting c-FLIP in gallbladder carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6822-6828. [PMID: 31788125 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. The incidence rate of gallbladder cancer ranks sixth among gastrointestinal types of cancer, and its incidence is increasing each year. Further clarification of the pathogenesis of GBC is essential, and identification of novel effective treatments is required. It has been previously demonstrated that high expression of the anti-apoptotic protein cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in GBC inhibited apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells. In subsequent experiments, it was observed that microRNA (miR)-125b could target c-FLIP and inhibit the protein expression of c-FLIP by binding to the 3'untranslated regions of c-FLIP mRNA. In addition, the expression of miR-125b in GBC was significantly decreased, and the growth of gallbladder cancer cells was inhibited by the overexpression of miR-125b. The present study demonstrated that miR-125b could suppress the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells by targeting c-FLIP. c-FLIP enriched the target gene pathway of miR-125b and may serve as a novel target for the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Huading Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Wan J, Long F, Liu Q, He H. Identification and validation of microRNAs and their targets expressed in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5628-5636. [PMID: 31656545 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer in children and adolescents, and has a poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) were deregulated in OS, and that the expression of certain miRNAs was correlated with the stage of OS. Therefore, miRNAs may serve a role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of OS. miRNA and mRNA integrated analysis of public expression profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus database for OS was performed, and the regulated targets of miRNA in OS were predicted. Next, the regulatory network of miRNAs/genes was constructed and verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tissues and MG-63 cell lines. Two miRNA expression profiling studies and four eligible mRNA expression profiling studies were selected. Ten upregulated miRNAs, 5 downregulated miRNAs and 5 DGEs were identified in OS compared with normal tissues. hsa-miR-346 was inversely correlated with the target gene c-FLIP, which was consistent with the results of integrated analysis. In vitro, pre-miRNA-346 can downregulate the protein expression of c-FLIP, while not changing the mRNA level of c-FLIP. In the regulatory network, hsa-miR-346 and its target gene, c-FLIP, can be used as biomarkers for an earlier diagnosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Xu D, Wang B, Chen PP, Wang YZ, Miao NJ, Yin F, Cheng Q, Zhou ZL, Xie HY, Zhou L, Liu J, Wang XX, Xue H, Zhang W, Lu LM. c-Myc promotes tubular cell apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by negatively regulating c-FLIP and enhancing FasL/Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1058-66. [PMID: 30593588 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell apoptosis. FasL/Fas pathway is a key regulator of cell apoptosis. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of c-Myc on the FasL/Fas pathway in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal injury. Rats were objected to bilateral renal ischemia for 60 min and reperfused for 24 or 48 h. NRK-52E cells were treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) or FasL. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the distribution of c-Myc. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Ad-c-Myc and recombinant pcDAN 3.0 were used to overexpress c-Myc and c-FLIP, respectively. ChIP assay and luciferase assay were used to detect the binding of c-Myc to c-FLIP promoter. In I/R rats, c-Myc was increased significantly and mainly located in renal tubular epithelial cells; meanwhile, c-FLIP was decreased, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive staining cells were increased. Treatment of I/R rats with c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 significantly attenuated the decrease in c-FLIP, the increase in cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL-positive cells, Scr and BUN in I/R rats. In NRK-52E cells, hypoxia and reoxygen induced the increase in c-Myc and decrease in c-FLIP. ChIP and luciferase assay results indicated that c-Myc binds to the promoter region of c-FLIP gene. Overexpression of c-Myc markedly decreased c-FLIP. Overexpression of c-FLIP inhibited the increase in cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 induced by FasL. Data indicated that c-Myc is increased in kidneys of I/R rats and negatively regulates the expression of c-FLIP, then enhanced FasL-induced cell apoptosis in I/R stress.
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Francois RA, Zhang A, Husain K, Wang C, Hutchinson S, Kongnyuy M, Batra SK, Coppola D, Sebti SM, Malafa MP. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through proteasome-mediated down-regulation of c-FLIPs. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31367187 PMCID: PMC6647259 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a vitamin E compound isolated from sources such as palm fruit and annatto beans, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. METHODS We report a novel function of VEDT in augmenting tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- (TRAIL-) induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The effects of VEDT were shown by its ability to trigger caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS When combined with TRAIL, VEDT significantly augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. VEDT decreased cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) levels without consistently modulating the expression of decoy death receptors 1, 2, 3 or death receptors 4 and 5. Enforced expression of c-FLIP substantially attenuated VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, c-FLIP reduction plays an important part in mediating VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, VEDT increased c-FLIP ubiquitination and degradation but did not affect its transcription, suggesting that VEDT decreases c-FLIP levels through promoting its degradation. Of note, degradation of c-FLIP and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells were observed only with the anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds δ-, γ-, and β-tocotrienol but not with the anticancer inactive vitamin E compounds α-tocotrienol and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. CONCLUSIONS c-FLIP degradation is a key event for death receptor-induced apoptosis by anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, VEDT augmented TRAIL inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth and induction of apoptosis in vivo. Combination therapy with TRAIL agonists and bioactive vitamin E compounds may offer a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony A. Francois
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Anying Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Department of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kazim Husain
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sean Hutchinson
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Michael Kongnyuy
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Said M. Sebti
- Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Mokenge P. Malafa
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
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Woo SM, Min KJ, Seo SU, Kim S, Kubatka P, Park JW, Kwon TK. Axl Inhibitor R428 Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis Through Downregulation of c-FLIP and Survivin Expression in Renal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3253. [PMID: 31269715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
R428, a selective small molecule Axl inhibitor, is known to have anti-cancer effects, such as inhibition of invasion and proliferation and induction of cell death in cancer cells. The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in cancer cells and the level of Axl expression is associated with survival, metastasis, and drug resistance of many cancer cells. However, the effect of Axl inhibition on overcoming anti-cancer drugs resistance is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the capability of Axl inhibition as a therapeutic agent for the induction of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) sensitivity. In this study, R428 markedly sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death, but not in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) and human umbilical vein cells (EA.hy926). Moreover, knockdown of Axl by siRNA also increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis. R428 decreased c-FLIP proteins levels via induction of miR-708 expression and survivin protein levels at the post-translational level, and we found that knockdown of Axl also decreased both c-FLIP and survivin protein expression. Overexpression of c-FLIP and survivin markedly inhibited R428 plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, R428 sensitized cancer cells to multiple anti-cancer drugs-mediated cell death. Our results provide that inhibition of Axl could improve sensitivity to TRAIL through downregulation of c-FLIP and survivin expression in renal carcinoma cells. Taken together, Axl may be a tempting target to overcome TRAIL resistance.
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Abstract
Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is up-regulated in B cell receptor (BCR)-activated B cells and confers upon them resistance to Fas-mediated cell death. Faim has two alternatively spliced isoforms, with the short isoform ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and the long isoform mainly found in the nervous tissues. FAIM is evolutionarily conserved but does not share any significant primary sequence homology with any known protein. The function of FAIM has been extensively studied in the past 20 years, with its primary role being ascribed to be anti-apoptotic. In addition, several other functions of FAIM were also discovered in different physiological and pathological conditions, such as cell growth, metabolism, Alzheimer’s disease and tumorigenesis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying FAIM’s role in these conditions remain unknown. In this review, we summarize comprehensively the functions of FAIM in these different contexts and discuss its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Huo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Shengli Xu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Jan R, Chaudhry GES. Understanding Apoptosis and Apoptotic Pathways Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:205-218. [PMID: 31380246 PMCID: PMC6664112 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological processes involve appropriate tissue developmental process and homeostasis - the pathogenesis of several diseases connected with deregulatory apoptosis process. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between cell death and division, evasion of apoptosis results in the uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to different diseases such as cancer. Currently, the development of apoptosis targeting anticancer drugs has gained much interest since cell death induced by apoptosis causes minimal inflammation. The understanding of complexities of apoptosis mechanism and how apoptosis is evolved by tumor cells to oppose cell death has focused research into the new strategies designed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review focused on the underlying mechanism of apoptosis and the dysregulation of apoptosis modulators involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which include death receptors (DRs) proteins, cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), tumor suppressor (p53) in cancer cells along with various current clinical approaches aimed to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehmat Jan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
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38
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Poursina Z, Mohammadi A, Yazdi SZ, Humpson I, Vakili V, Boostani R, Rafatpanah H. Curcumin increased the expression of c-FLIP in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15740-15745. [PMID: 31074052 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) disease is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, which is associated with HTLV-1 infection. There is no effective and satisfactory treatment of HAM/TSP. It has been shown that curcumin exhibits modulatory effects on apoptosis and cytotoxicity-related molecules in HAM/TSP patients. In the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin on the gene expression of caspase-8, caspase-10, and anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP, in HAM/TSP patients. Furthermore, we compared the expression of these molecules between HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of caspase-8, caspase-10, and c-FLIP in studied groups. The mRNA expression of caspase-8 and caspase-10 was similar before and after curcumin treatment in HAM/TSP patients (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of c-FLIPL and c-FLIPs was higher after curcumin treatment compared with before treatment and significant differences were observed between the two groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.044, respectively). The mRNA expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-10, c-FLIPL, and c-FLIPs were not statistically significant between HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that curcumin increased the expression of c-FLIP in HAM/TSP patients which might suggest that, this molecule is involved in the apoptosis of HTLV-1-infected cells. Further studies with large sample size could be useful to clarify the role of this supplement in HAM/TSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Poursina
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shadi Zamanian Yazdi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ian Humpson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Veda Vakili
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rong G, Yang X, Wu H, Wu Y. miR-150-504-519d inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer cell line SW48 and downregulates c-FLIP receptor. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7962-7969. [PMID: 30548660 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulates the expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). c-FLIP is an inhibitor of cell apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 8. miR-150, miR-504, and miR-519d were related to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of miR-150-504-519d in CRC has not been studied and the relationship between miR-150-504-519d and c-FLIP remains unclear. In this study, we found that c-FLIP was upregulated in CRC tissues, without detectable expression in normal CRC tissues. Using SW48 cell line, we further showed that miR-150-504-519d inhibited migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of SW48 cells. Moreover, in SW48 cell line transfected with miR-150-504-519d, the protein expression of c-FLIP was significantly lower compared with cells transfected with scramble. Our results demonstrated upregulation of c-FLIP in CRC, which was downregulated in SW48 cells after the transfection of miR-150-504-519d, suggesting that manipulation of miR-150-504-519d expression might be a novel approach for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Rong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haorong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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40
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Safa AR, Kamocki K, Saadatzadeh MR, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K. c-FLIP, a Novel Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis, Immunosuppression, Alzheimer's Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and a Rationale Therapeutic Target. Biomark J 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 32352084 PMCID: PMC7189798 DOI: 10.36648/2472-1646.5.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of c-FLIP (cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein) has been shown in several diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). c-FLIP is a critical anti-cell death protein often overexpressed in tumors and hematological malignancies and its increased expression is often associated with a poor prognosis. c-FLIP frequently exists as long (c-FLIPL) and short (c-FLIPS) isoforms, regulates its anti-cell death functions through binding to FADD (FAS associated death domain protein), an adaptor protein known to activate caspases-8 and -10 and links c-FLIP to several cell death regulating complexes including the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formed by various death receptors. c-FLIP also plays a critical role in necroptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, c-FLIP is able to activate several pathways involved in cytoprotection, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells through various critical signaling proteins. Additionally, c-FLIP can inhibit cell death induced by several chemotherapeutics, anti-cancer small molecule inhibitors, and ionizing radiation. Moreover, c-FLIP plays major roles in aiding the survival of immunosuppressive tumor-promoting immune cells and functions in inflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, c-FLIP can serve as a versatile biomarker for cancer prognosis, a diagnostic marker for several diseases, and an effective therapeutic target. In this article, we review the functions of c-FLIP as an anti-apoptotic protein and negative prognostic factor in human cancers, and its roles in resistance to anticancer drugs, necroptosis and autophagy, immunosuppression, Alzheimer's disease, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Gong P, Wang Y, Jing Y. Apoptosis Induction byHistone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Cells: Role of Ku70. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1601. [PMID: 30935057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that regulate gene transcription by controlling deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. Overexpression of HDACs is found in some types of tumors and predicts poor prognosis. Five HDAC inhibitors are approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors regulates gene expression with increased acetylated histones with unconfirmed connection with therapy. Apoptosis is a key mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors selectively kill cancer cells, probably due to acetylation of non-histone proteins. Ku70 is a protein that repairs DNA breaks and stabilizes anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP and proapoptotic protein Bax, which is regulated by acetylation. HDAC inhibitors induce Ku70 acetylation with repressed c-FLIP and activated Bax in cancer cells. Current studies indicate that Ku70 is a potential target of HDAC inhibitors and plays an important role during the induction of apoptosis.
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42
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Kim S, Woo SM, Min KJ, Seo SU, Lee TJ, Kubatka P, Kim DE, Kwon TK. WP1130 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through USP9X-Dependent miR-708-Mediated Downregulation of c-FLIP. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E344. [PMID: 30862047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WP1130, a partially selective deubiquitinases (DUB) inhibitor, inhibits the deubiquitinating activities of USP5, USP9X, USP14, USP37, and UCHL1. In this study, we investigate whether WP1130 exerts sensitizing effect on TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. Combinations of WP1130 and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma, lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in normal cells (human mesangial cells (MC) and normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1)). The downregulation of c-FLIP protein expression was involved in combined treatment-induced apoptosis. WP1130-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated by microRNA (miR)-708 upregulation via inhibition of USP9X. Interestingly, knockdown of USP9X markedly induced c-FLIP downregulation, upregulation of miR-708 expression and sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP9X prevented c-FLIP downregulation and apoptosis upon combined treatment. In sum, WP1130 sensitized TRAIL-induced apoptosis through miR-708-mediated downregulation of c-FLIP by inhibition of USP9X.
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Bedolla RG, Shah DP, Huang SB, Reddick RL, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Receptor tyrosine kinase recepteur d'origine nantais as predictive marker for aggressive prostate cancer in African Americans. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:854-861. [PMID: 30859654 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Published evidence shows a correlation between several molecular markers and prostate cancer (PCa) progression including in African Americans (AAs) who are disproportionately affected. Our early detection efforts led to the identification of elevated levels of antiapoptotic protein, c-FLIP and its upstream regulatory factors such as androgen receptor (AR), recepteur d'origine nantais (RON), a receptor tyrosine kinase in human prostate tumors. The primary objective of this study was to explore whether these markers play a role in racial disparities using immunohistochemistry in prostatectomy samples from a cohort of AA, Hispanic Whites (HWs), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify a statistical association between molecular markers, possible correlation with risk factors including race, obesity, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and disease aggressiveness. Further, changes in the levels and expression of these molecular markers were also evaluated using human PCa cell lines. We found significantly elevated levels of RON ( P = 0.0082), AR ( P = 0.0001), c-FLIP ( P = 0.0071) in AAs compared with HWs or NHWs. Furthermore, a higher proportion of HW and NHWs had a high Gleason score (>6) but not PSA as compared to AAs ( P = 0.032). In summary, our findings suggest that PSA was important in predicting aggressive disease for the cohort overall; however, high levels of RON may play a role in predisposing AA men to develop aggressive disease. Future research is needed using large datasets to confirm these findings and to explore whether all or any of these markers could aid in race-specific stratification of patients for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roble G Bedolla
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Departments of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shih-Bo Huang
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Departments of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Departments of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas.,Research Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
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Soltan MY, Sumarni U, Assaf C, Langer P, Reidel U, Eberle J. Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Indirubin Derivative-Induced Cell Death in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051158. [PMID: 30866411 PMCID: PMC6429192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may develop a highly malignant phenotype in its late phase, and patients may profit from innovative therapies. The plant extract indirubin and its chemical derivatives represent new and promising antitumor strategies. This first report on the effects of an indirubin derivative in CTCL cells shows a strong decrease of cell proliferation and cell viability as well as an induction of apoptosis, suggesting indirubin derivatives for therapy of CTCL. As concerning the mode of activity, the indirubin derivative DKP-071 activated the extrinsic apoptosis cascade via caspase-8 and caspase-3 through downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP. Importantly, a strong increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed as an immediate early effect in response to DKP-071 treatment. The use of antioxidative pre-treatment proved the decisive role of ROS, which turned out upstream of all other proapoptotic effects monitored. Thus, reactive oxygen species appear as a highly active proapoptotic pathway in CTCL, which may be promising for therapeutic intervention. This pathway can be efficiently activated by an indirubin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Soltan
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt.
| | - Uly Sumarni
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Catalysis at the University of Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Reidel
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Park SH, Kim JL, Jeong S, Kim BR, Na YJ, Jo MJ, Yun HK, Jeong YA, Kim DY, Kim BG, You S, Oh SC, Lee DH. Codium fragile F2 sensitize colorectal cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via c-FLIP ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:1-8. [PMID: 30409427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that combined treatment with subtoxic doses of Codium extracts (CE), a flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), induces apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Effective induction of apoptosis by combined treatment with CE and TRAIL was not blocked by Bcl-xL overexpression, which is known to confer resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents. While TRAIL-mediated proteolytic processing of procaspase-3 was partially blocked in various CRC cells treated with TRAIL alone, co-treatment with CE efficiently recovered TRAIL-induced caspase activation. We observed that CE treatment of CRC cells did not change the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and pro-apoptotic proteins, including death receptors (DR4 and DR5). However, CE treatment markedly reduced the protein level of the short form of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIPS), an inhibitor of caspase-8, via proteasome-mediated degradation. Collectively, these observations show that CE recovers TRAIL sensitivity in various CRC cells via down-regulation of c-FLIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Gyeom Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Isono M, Sato A, Asano T, Okubo K, Asano T. Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Phenoxodiol, a Novel Isoflavone Analog, in Renal Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:5709-5716. [PMID: 30275191 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In the present study, the antineoplastic activity and mechanism of action of phenoxodiol, a novel isoflavone analog, was investigated in renal cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A panel of renal cancer cells (769-P, 786-O, Caki-2) was treated with phenoxodiol in vitro, and the efficacy of treatment was evaluated. RESULTS MTS assay results showed that phenoxodiol decreased renal cancer viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it inhibited colony formation significantly and perturbed the cell cycle. Treatment with phenoxodiol increased the number of annexin-V-positive cells as well as the expression of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase, demonstrating that phenoxodiol induced apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Phenoxodiol also inhibited Akt pathway via dephosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSION Phenoxodiol inhibited Akt pathway and induced apoptosis of renal cancer cells. The present study provides a theoretical basis for future development of a novel therapy effective against renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Isono
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Yun JM, Woo SM, Seo SU, Min KJ, Kim DE, Kwon TK. Involvement of Up-Regulation of DR5 Expression and Down-Regulation of c-FLIP in Niclosamide-Mediated TRAIL Sensitization in Human Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E2264. [PMID: 30189637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide is used to treat intestinal parasite infections, as being an anthelmintic drug. Recently, several papers suggest the niclosamide inhibits multiple signaling pathways, which are highly activated and mutated in cancer. Here, niclosamide was evaluated for identifying strategies to overcome tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance. Although niclosamide (100–200 nM) alone did not bring about cell death, combinations of niclosamide and TRAIL led to apoptotic cell death in carcinoma cells, but not in normal cells. Niclosamide markedly increased DR5 protein levels, including cell-surface DR5, and decreased c-FLIP protein levels. Down-regulation of DR5 by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ectopic expression of c-FLIP markedly blocked niclosamide plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our findings provide that niclosamide could overcome resistance to TRAIL through up-regulating DR5 on the cell surface and down-regulating c-FLIP in cancer cells. Taken together, niclosamide may be an attractive candidate to overcome TRAIL resistance.
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Lee AR, Lim KH, Park ES, Kim DH, Park YK, Park S, Kim DS, Shin GC, Kang HS, Won J, Sim H, Ha YN, Jae B, Choi SI, Kim KH. Multiple Functions of Cellular FLIP Are Essential for Replication of Hepatitis B Virus. J Virol 2018; 92:e00339-18. [PMID: 29875248 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00339-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver diseases; however, the host factors which facilitate the replication and persistence of HBV are largely unidentified. Cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a typical antiapoptotic protein. In many cases of liver diseases, the expression level of c-FLIP is altered, which affects the fate of hepatocytes. We previously found that c-FLIP and its cleaved form interact with HBV X protein (HBx), which is essential for HBV replication, and regulate diverse cellular signals. In this study, we investigated the role of endogenous c-FLIP in HBV replication and its underlying mechanisms. The knockdown of endogenous c-FLIP revealed that this protein regulates HBV replication through two different mechanisms. (i) c-FLIP interacts with HBx and protects it from ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The N-terminal DED1 domain of c-FLIP is required for HBx stabilization. (ii) c-FLIP regulates the expression or stability of hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs), which have critical roles in HBV transcription and maintenance of hepatocytes. c-FLIP regulates the stability of HNFs through physical interactions. We verified our findings in three HBV infection systems: HepG2-NTCP cells, differentiated HepaRG cells, and primary human hepatocytes. In conclusion, our results identify c-FLIP as an essential factor in HBV replication. c-FLIP regulates viral replication through its multiple effects on viral and host proteins that have critical roles in HBV replication.IMPORTANCE Although the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection still poses a major health concern, the host factors which are required for the replication of HBV are largely uncharacterized. Our studies identify cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) as an essential factor in HBV replication. We found the dual roles of c-FLIP in regulation of HBV replication: c-FLIP interacts with HBx and enhances its stability and regulates the expression or stability of hepatocyte nuclear factors which are essential for transcription of HBV genome. Our findings may provide a new target for intervention in persistent HBV infection.
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Kim S, Seo SU, Min KJ, Woo SM, Nam JO, Kubatka P, Kim S, Park JW, Kwon TK. Garcinol Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through Up-Regulation of DR5 and Down-Regulation of c-FLIP Expression. Molecules 2018; 23:E1614. [PMID: 30004456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derived from the Garcinia indica fruit that possess potential therapeutic effects such as inhibition of inflammation and tumor expansion. Here, we investigated whether garcinol induces TRAIL sensitization in renal carcinoma cells. Single treatment with garcinol or TRAIL did not effect on apoptosis. However, combined treatment with garcinol plus TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN and A498), lung carcinoma (A549), and hepatoma (SK-Hep1) cells. In contrast, garcinol plus TRAIL did not alter cell viability in normal cells. Garcinol plus TRAIL induced up-regulation of DR5 and down-regulation of c-FLIP expression at post-translational levels. Furthermore, knock-down of DR5 by siRNA and ectopic expression of c-FLIP blocked apoptotic cell death induced by garcinol plus TRAIL. Overall, our study provides evidence that garcinol can be exploited as a potential TRAIL sensitizer.
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Zhao S, Feng J, Wang Q, Tian L, Zhang Y, Li H. hnRNP K plays a protective role in TNF-α-induced apoptosis in podocytes. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180288. [PMID: 29724888 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20180288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of podocytes contributes to proteinuria in many chronic kidney diseases. The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is thought to be involved in podocyte apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. In our study, we established a model of TNF-α-induced apoptosis by isolating primary podocytes from mice. After exposing cells to TNF-α, we determined the expression levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We then knocked down or overexpressed the levels of hnRNP K and observed its effects on the expressions of c-FLIP, caspase-8, caspase-3, and the phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK. In addition, we examined the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and studied cell cycle distribution. We found that TNF-α induced apoptosis in podocytes and that the expressions of hnRNP K and c-FLIP were significantly decreased, whereas the phosphorylations of GSK3β and ERK were significantly increased. Both gene knockdown and overexpression of hnRPN K resulted in varied expressions/phosphorylations of c-FLIP, GSK3β, and ERK. Moreover, decreased hnRPN K expression contributed to increased levels of caspase-8 and capase-3, as well as an increase in cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. In conclusion, down-regulated expression of hnRNP K by TNF-α resulted in a decrease in the expression of c-FLIP as well as increases in phosphorylated GSK3β, ERK, caspase-8, and caspase-3, and then critically contributed to the podocyte apoptosis.
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