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Garg R, Gupta AP, Katekar R, Verma S, Goand UK, Dadge S, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 prevents free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance by modulating JNK pathway: In vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2022; 289:120221. [PMID: 34902437 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Free fatty acid-mediated obesity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. FFA induced JNK activation acts as a central regulator in causing hepatic insulin resistance. Similarly, Pancreastatin, a chromogranin A peptide, serves as a crucial link between FFA-induced insulin resistance. Therefore, in the present work, we sought to test Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 to ameliorate FFA-induced hepatic insulin resistance in in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIAL AND METHODS To verify our objective, we exposed hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) with palmitate (0.3 mM) or palmitate + PSTi8 (200 nM). Parallelly mice were fed either HFD or HFD + PSTi8 (1 mg/kg). After 21 days animals were scanned for increased fat mass, along with GTT, ITT and PTT experiment to check glucose, and insulin tolerance. Furthermore, ROS generation and hepatic glycogen content was measured in FFA exposed hepatocytes. Gene expression and protein expression studies were further conducted to delineate the action mechanism of PSTi8. KEY FINDINGS PSTi8 exposure decreased ROS accumulation, lipid accumulation, and reduced glycogen content in FFA-induced groups. It also enhances glucose uptake and reduces gluconeogenesis to combat the FFA effect. Furthermore, gene expression studies indicate that PSTi8 treatment reduces NADPH oxidase3 (NOX3) expression and inhibits JNK signaling, a predominant source of ROS-induced insulin resistance. SIGNIFICANCE To summarize, the protective effect of PSTi8 on FFA-induced insulin resistance is mediated via inhibition of JNK signaling, which leads to decreased ROS generation and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Hence PSTi8 could be a therapeutic molecule to prevent western diet-induced insulin resistance.
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Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Cano A, R Manzine P, Sánchez-Lopez E, Espinosa-Jiménez T, Verdaguer E, Dario Castro-Torres R, Beas-Zarate C, X Sureda F, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. Role of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) in Epilepsy and Metabolic Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E255. [PMID: 31905931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the regulatory function of the different c-Jun N-terminal kinases isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3) play an essential role in neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and metabolic-cognitive alterations. Accordingly, JNKs have emerged as suitable therapeutic strategies. In fact, it has been demonstrated that some unspecific JNK inhibitors exert antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects, albeit they usually show high toxicity or lack therapeutic value. In this sense, natural specific JNK inhibitors, such as Licochalcone A, are promising candidates. Nonetheless, research on the understanding of the role of each of the JNKs remains mandatory in order to progress on the identification of new selective JNK isoform inhibitors. In the present review, a summary on the current gathered data on the role of JNKs in pathology is presented, as well as a discussion on their potential role in pathologies like epilepsy and metabolic-cognitive injury. Moreover, data on the effects of synthetic small molecule inhibitors that modulate JNK-dependent pathways in the brain and peripheral tissues is reviewed.
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Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a well-known strong risk factor for inducing airway hyperreactivity (AHR), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, mouse in-vivo and in-vitro models were used to study effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-extracted cigarette smoke particles (DSP) on the airway, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms that are involved in DSP-induced AHR. In mouse in-vivo model, DSP (0.75, 1.5 or 3 µL/mL) was administered intranasally daily for 7 d. At the end of this period, lung functions were measured with flexiVent™. The results showed that the mice exhibited AHR in a dose-dependent manner following methacholine inhalation in vivo. In mouse in-vitro organ culture model, exposure of mouse tracheal segments to DSP (0.1 µL/mL) with or without the following pharmacological inhibitors: specific c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 (10 µM) or the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (1 µM). DSP-induced bradykinin receptor-mediated airway contraction with increased mRNA and protein expressions for bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors could be significantly reduced by SP600125 or dexamethasone. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that DSP could induce AHR in vivo and in vitro. In addition to this, the upregulation of bradykinin receptors in airway is most likely one of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University
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Shvedova M, Anfinogenova Y, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:715. [PMID: 30026697 PMCID: PMC6041399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the literature regarding the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Numerous studies demonstrate that JNK-mediated signaling pathways play an essential role in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. JNK-associated mechanisms are involved in preconditioning and post-conditioning of the heart and the brain. The literature and our own studies suggest that JNK inhibitors may exert cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. The effects of modulating the JNK-depending pathways in the brain and the heart are reviewed. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective mechanisms of JNK inhibitors are discussed in detail including synthetic small molecule inhibitors (AS601245, SP600125, IQ-1S, and SR-3306), ion channel inhibitor GsMTx4, JNK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) and MLK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of glutamate receptors, nitric oxide (NO) donors, and anesthetics. The role of JNKs in ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart in diabetes mellitus is discussed in the context of comorbidities. According to reviewed literature, JNKs represent promising therapeutic targets for protection of the brain and the heart against ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. However, different members of the JNK family exert diverse physiological properties which may not allow for systemic administration of non-specific JNK inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Currently available candidate JNK inhibitors with high therapeutic potential are identified. The further search for selective JNK3 inhibitors remains an important task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- RASA Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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Takahashi S, Tanaka N, Golla S, Fukami T, Krausz KW, Polunas MA, Weig BC, Masuo Y, Xie C, Jiang C, Gonzalez FJ. Editor's Highlight: Farnesoid X Receptor Protects Against Low-Dose Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury Through the Taurocholate-JNK Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:334-346. [PMID: 28505368 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is of major concern for humans exposed to industrial chemicals and drugs. Disruption of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a master regulator of bile acid (BA) metabolism, enhanced the sensitivity to liver injury in mice after toxicant exposure, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the interconnection between BA metabolism, FXR, and chemically induced hepatotoxicity was investigated using metabolomics, Fxr-null mice (Fxr-/-) and hepatocytes, and recombinant adenoviruses. A single low-dose intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), an inducer of acute hepatitis in mice, resulted in more severe hepatocyte damage and higher induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), in Fxr-/-. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed marked increases in circulating taurocholate (TCA) and tauro-β-muricholate (T-β-MCA) in these mice, and forced expression of bile salt export protein (BSEP) by recombinant adenovirus in Fxr-/- ameliorated CCl4-induced liver damage. Treatment of Fxr-null hepatocytes with TCA, but not T-β-MCA, significantly increased c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and Ccl2 mRNA levels, and up-regulation of Ccl2 mRNA was attenuated by co-treatment with a JNK inhibitor SP600125, indicating that TCA directly amplifies hepatocyte inflammatory signaling mainly mediated by JNK under FXR-deficiency. Additionally, pretreatment with SP600125 or restoration of FXR expression in liver by use of recombinant adenovirus, attenuated CCl4-induced liver injury. Collectively, these results suggest that the TCA-JNK axis is likely associated with increased susceptibility to CCl4-induced acute liver injury in Fxr-/-, and provide clues to the mechanism by which FXR and its downstream gene targets, such as BSEP, protects against chemically induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.,Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Srujana Golla
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Blair C Weig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Li W, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wang K, Lu T, Ying F, Fan M, Li Z, Wu J. Melatonin treatment induces apoptosis through regulating the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2737-2744. [PMID: 28454460 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, which is synthesized by the pineal gland and released into the blood, exhibits antitumor properties. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly in stomach cancer, remain unknown. In the present study, the effect of melatonin on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, involving p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), were investigated in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. In addition, the effect of melatonin on the survival, migration and apoptosis of these cells was investigated in vitro in order to evaluate the use of melatonin for the treatment of gastric cancer. The results of the present study revealed that melatonin decreased the viability and migration of SGC7901 cells. Furthermore, melatonin induced apoptosis. Melatonin was identified to elevate the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-JNK protein, and decrease the expression level of nucleic p-p65. These results suggest that the protein levels of p65, p38 and JNK are associated with the survival of SGC7901 cells following treatment with melatonin. The optimal concentration of melatonin was demonstrated to be 2 mM, which significantly induced apoptosis following a 24 h treatment period. These findings suggest that conflicting growth signals in cells may inhibit the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, adjunct therapy would be required to improve the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yina Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Kaijing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xianju People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317300, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Huo Y, Win S, Than TA, Yin S, Ye M, Hu H, Kaplowitz N. Antcin H Protects Against Acute Liver Injury Through Disruption of the Interaction of c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase with Mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:207-220. [PMID: 27596680 PMCID: PMC5312552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Antrodia Camphorate (AC) is a mushroom that is widely used in Asian countries to prevent and treat various diseases, including liver diseases. However, the active ingredients that contribute to the biological functions remain elusive. The purpose of the present study is to test the hepatoprotective effect of Antcin H, a major triterpenoid chemical isolated from AC, in murine models of acute liver injury. RESULTS We found that Antcin H pretreatment protected against liver injury in both acetaminophen (APAP) and galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α models. More importantly, Antcin H also offered a significant protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury when it was given 1 h after acetaminophen. The protection was verified in primary mouse hepatocytes. Antcin H prevented sustained c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in both models. We excluded an effect of Antcin H on acetaminophen metabolism and TNF receptor signaling and excluded a direct effect as a free radical scavenger or JNK inhibitor. Since the sustained JNK activation through its interaction with mitochondrial Sab, leading to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), is pivotal in both models, we examined the effect of Antcin H on p-JNK binding to mitochondria and impairment of mitochondrial respiration. Antcin H inhibited the direct effect of p-JNK on isolated mitochondrial function and binding to isolated mitochondria. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study has identified Antcin H as a novel active ingredient that contributes to the hepatoprotective effect of AC, and Antcin H protects against liver injury through disruption of the binding of p-JNK to Sab, which interferes with the ROS-dependent self-sustaining activation of MAPK cascade. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 207-220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Huo
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China .,2 USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanda Win
- 2 USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Tin Aung Than
- 2 USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Shutao Yin
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- 2 USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Yokai M, Kurihara T, Miyata A. Spinal astrocytic activation contributes to both induction and maintenance of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor-induced long-lasting mechanical allodynia in mice. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916646383. [PMID: 27175011 PMCID: PMC4956379 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916646383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors are present in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia, suggesting an important role of PACAP–PACAP receptors signaling system in the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission. We have previously reported that a single intrathecal injection of PACAP or a PACAP specific (PAC1) receptor selective agonist, maxadilan, in mice induced dose-dependent aversive behaviors, which lasted more than 30 min, and suggested that the maintenance of the nociceptive behaviors was associated with the spinal astrocytic activation. Results We found that a single intrathecal administration of PACAP or maxadilan also produced long-lasting hind paw mechanical allodynia, which persisted at least 84 days without affecting thermal nociceptive threshold. In contrast, intrathecal application of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide did not change mechanical threshold, and substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or N-methyl-D-aspartate induced only transient mechanical allodynia, which disappeared within 21 days. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses with an astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, revealed that the spinal PAC1 receptor stimulation caused sustained astrocytic activation, which also lasted more than 84 days. Intrathecal co-administration of L-α-aminoadipate, an astroglial toxin, with PACAP or maxadilan almost completely prevented the induction of the mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, intrathecal treatment of L-α-aminoadipate at 84 days after the PAC1 stimulation transiently reversed the mechanical allodynia accompanied by the reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression level. Conclusion Our data suggest that spinal astrocytic activation triggered by the PAC1 receptor stimulation contributes to both induction and maintenance of the long-term mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yokai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan
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Bertoldo MJ, Bernard J, Duffard N, Tsikis G, Alves S, Calais L, Uzbekova S, Monniaux D, Mermillod P, Locatelli Y. Inhibitors of c-Jun phosphorylation impede ovine primordial follicle activation. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:338-49. [PMID: 26908644 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Is the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway implicated in primordial follicle activation? STUDY FINDING Culture of ovine ovarian cortex in the presence of two different c-Jun phosphorylation inhibitors impeded pre-antral follicle activation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Despite its importance for fertility preservation therapies, the mechanisms of primordial follicle activation are poorly understood. Amongst different signalling pathways potentially involved, the JNK pathway has been previously shown to be essential for cell cycle progression and pre-antral follicle development in mice. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Ovine ovarian cortex pieces were cultured with varying concentrations of SP600125, JNK inhibitor VIII or anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the presence of FSH for 9 days. Follicular morphometry and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis and follicle activation (Foxo3a) were assessed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Inhibition of primordial follicle activation occurred in the presence of SP600125, JNK inhibitor VIII and AMH when compared with controls (all P < 0.05) after 2 days of culture. However, only in the highest concentrations used was the inhibition of activation associated with induction of follicular apoptosis (P < 0.05). In growing follicles, PCNA antigen expression was reduced when the JNK inhibitors or AMH were used (P < 0.05 versus control), indicating reduced proliferation of the somatic compartment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although we evaluated the effects of inhibition of c-Jun phosphorylation on primordial follicle development, we did not determine the cellular targets and mechanism of action of the inhibitors. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These results are the first to implicate the JNK pathway in primordial follicle activation and could have significant consequences for the successful development of fertility preservation strategies and our understanding of primordial follicle activation. LARGE SCALE DATA n/a. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS Dr Michael J. Bertoldo and the laboratories involved in the present study were supported by a grant from 'Région Centre' (CRYOVAIRE, Grant number #320000268). There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bertoldo
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jérémy Bernard
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France MNHN, Laboratoire de la Réserve de la Haute Touche, Obterre 36290, France
| | - Nicolas Duffard
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France MNHN, Laboratoire de la Réserve de la Haute Touche, Obterre 36290, France
| | - Guillaume Tsikis
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Sabine Alves
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Laure Calais
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Svetlana Uzbekova
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly 37380, France MNHN, Laboratoire de la Réserve de la Haute Touche, Obterre 36290, France CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly 37380, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours 37041, France IFCE, Nouzilly 37380, France
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10
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Liu G, Li Q, Ni W, Zhang N, Zheng X, Wang Y, Shao D, Tai G. Cytotoxicity of various types of gold-mesoporous silica nanoparticles in human breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6075-87. [PMID: 26491285 PMCID: PMC4598223 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown promising biological applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, the potential toxicity of AuNPs remains a major hurdle that impedes their use in clinical settings. Mesoporous silica is very suitable for the use as a coating material for AuNPs and might not only reduce the cytotoxicity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated AuNPs but might also facilitate the loading and delivery of drugs. Herein, three types of rod-like gold-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (termed bare AuNPs, core-shell Au@mSiO2NPs, and Janus Au@mSiO2NPs) were specially designed, and the effects of these AuNPs on cellular uptake, toxic behavior, and mechanism were then systematically studied. Our results indicate that bare AuNPs exerted higher toxicity than the Au@mSiO2NPs and that Janus Au@mSiO2NPs exhibited the lowest toxicity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, consistent with the endocytosis capacity of the nanoparticles, which followed the order, bare AuNPs > core-shell Au@mSiO2NPs > Janus Au@mSiO2NPs. More importantly, the AuNPs-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells exhibited features that were characteristic of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, an enhanced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Simultaneously, cytochrome c was released from mitochondria, and the caspase-3/9 cascade was activated. Moreover, both ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) partly blocked the induction of apoptosis in all AuNPs-treated cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that all AuNPs induce apoptosis through the ROS-/JNK-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Thus, Janus Au@mSiO2NPs exhibit the potential for applications in biomedicine, thus aiding the clinical translation of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomu Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongshu Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Yuanxing Science and Technology Building, Nanshan, Shenzhe, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Xie Y, McGill MR, Dorko K, Kumer SC, Schmitt TM, Forster J, Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced cell death in primary human hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:266-274. [PMID: 24905542 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most prevalent cause of drug-induced liver injury in western countries. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanisms of injury after APAP overdose in various animal models; however, the importance of these mechanisms for humans remains unclear. Here we investigated APAP hepatotoxicity using freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from either donor livers or liver resections. PHH were exposed to 5mM, 10mM or 20mM APAP over a period of 48 h and multiple parameters were assessed. APAP dose-dependently induced significant hepatocyte necrosis starting from 24h, which correlated with the clinical onset of human liver injury after APAP overdose. Interestingly, cellular glutathione was depleted rapidly during the first 3h. APAP also resulted in early formation of APAP-protein adducts (measured in whole cell lysate and in mitochondria) and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 12h. Furthermore, APAP time-dependently triggered c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. Both co-treatment and post-treatment (3h) with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced JNK activation and significantly attenuated cell death at 24h and 48h after APAP. The clinical antidote N-acetylcysteine offered almost complete protection even if administered 6h after APAP and a partial protection when given at 15 h. CONCLUSION These data highlight important mechanistic events in APAP toxicity in PHH and indicate a critical role of JNK in the progression of injury after APAP in humans. The JNK pathway may represent a therapeutic target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorko
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sean C Kumer
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Timothy M Schmitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jameson Forster
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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12
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Williams CD, McGill MR, Lebofsky M, Bajt ML, Jaeschke H. Protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by allopurinol is dependent on aldehyde oxidase-mediated liver preconditioning. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:417-24. [PMID: 24345528 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe and occasionally fatal liver injury. Numerous drugs that attenuate APAP toxicity have been described. However these compounds frequently protect by cytochrome P450 inhibition, thereby preventing the initiating step of toxicity. We have previously shown that pretreatment with allopurinol can effectively protect against APAP toxicity, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, C3HeB/FeJ mice were administered allopurinol 18h or 1h prior to an APAP overdose. Administration of allopurinol 18h prior to APAP overdose resulted in an 88% reduction in liver injury (serum ALT) 6h after APAP; however, 1h pretreatment offered no protection. APAP-cysteine adducts and glutathione depletion kinetics were similar with or without allopurinol pretreatment. The phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of c-jun-N-terminal-kinase (JNK) have been implicated in the progression of APAP toxicity. In our study we showed equivalent early JNK activation (2h) however late JNK activation (6h) was attenuated in allopurinol treated mice, which suggests that later JNK activation is more critical for the toxicity. Additional mice were administered oxypurinol (primary metabolite of allopurinol) 18h or 1h pre-APAP, but neither treatment protected. This finding implicated an aldehyde oxidase (AO)-mediated metabolism of allopurinol, so mice were treated with hydralazine to inhibit AO prior to allopurinol/APAP administration, which eliminated the protective effects of allopurinol. We evaluated potential targets of AO-mediated preconditioning and found increased hepatic metallothionein 18h post-allopurinol. These data show metabolism of allopurinol occurring independent of P450 isoenzymes preconditions the liver and renders the animal less susceptible to an APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Margitta Lebofsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Bajt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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13
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Li X, Peng F, Xie C, Wu W, Han X, Chen L. (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)prop-2-en-1-one ameliorates the collagen-arthritis via blocking ERK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1125-33. [PMID: 24135236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous report has shown a natural pyranochalcones-derived compound, (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (5b), that exerted protection against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis. In this study, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to further examine the anti-arthritic effects of 5b in vivo; the underlying molecular mechanisms of action were also investigated using a murine monocytic cell line, RAW264.7 cells. Here we showed that oral administration of 5b (20mg/kg) significantly suppressed the progression of arthritis. Improvement in disease severity was accompanied by inhibition of CD68-positive cells in knee joint and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum. In vitro, 5b suppressed expressions of iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β as well as productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. This compound also significantly suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation, including phosphorylation of I-κB, degradation of I-κB, and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50. Treatment with 5b also blocked LPS-induced expression of TLR4 remarkably, suppressed degradation of IRAKs and phosphorylations of JNK and ERK, but had little effect to p38 kinase activation. These findings indicated that 5b might be a therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis, and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect mainly through mediating TLR4, NF-κB and ERK/JNK signaling pathways in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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14
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SOKOL HARRY, CONWAY KARAL, ZHANG MEI, CHOI MYUNGHWAN, MORIN BRET, CAO ZHIFANG, VILLABLANCA EDUARDOJ, LI CHUN, WIJMENGA CISCA, YUN SEOKHYUN, SHI HAINING, XAVIER RAMNIKJ. Card9 mediates intestinal epithelial cell restitution, T-helper 17 responses, and control of bacterial infection in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:591-601.e3. [PMID: 23732773 PMCID: PMC3781941 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Caspase recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) is an adaptor protein that integrates signals downstream of pattern recognition receptors. CARD9 has been associated with autoinflammatory disorders, and loss-of-function mutations have been associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, but the role of CARD9 in intestinal inflammation is unknown. We characterized the role of Card9 in mucosal immune responses to intestinal epithelial injury and infection. METHODS We induced intestinal inflammation in Card9-null mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or Citrobacter rodentium. We analyzed body weight, assessed inflammation by histology, and measured levels of cytokines and chemokines using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell populations were compared between wild-type and Card9-null mice by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Colon tissues and mesenteric lymph nodes of Card9-null mice had reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ, and T-helper (Th)17 cytokines after administration of DSS, compared with wild-type mice. IL-17A and IL-22 expression were reduced in the recovery phase after DSS administration, coincident with decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (Ccl20). Although Card9-null mice had more intestinal fungi based on 18S analysis, their Th17 responses remained defective even when an antifungal agent was administered throughout DSS exposure. Moreover, Card9-null mice had impaired immune responses to C rodentium, characterized by decreased levels of colonic IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (RegIIIγ), as well as fewer IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in colon lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS The adaptor protein CARD9 coordinates Th17- and innate lymphoid cell-mediated intestinal immune responses after epithelial injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- HARRY SOKOL
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Gastroenterology Department, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance
Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - KARA L. CONWAY
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - MEI ZHANG
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - MYUNGHWAN CHOI
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - BRET MORIN
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - ZHIFANG CAO
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - EDUARDO J. VILLABLANCA
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - CHUN LI
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - CISCA WIJMENGA
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - SEOK HYUN YUN
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - HAI NING SHI
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - RAMNIK J. XAVIER
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Kwon HJ, Hong SK, Yoon WK, Nam KH, Choi IP, Kim DY, Kim HC, Won YS. Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 controls the priming phase of liver regeneration. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:257-62. [PMID: 23820201 PMCID: PMC3788150 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a potent growth suppressor that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle progression when overexpressed. In a previous study, we showed that VDUP1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited accelerated liver regeneration because such animals could effectively control the expression of cell cycle regulators that drive the G1-to-S phase progression. In the present study, we further investigated the role played by VDUP1 in initial priming of liver regeneration. To accomplish this, VDUP1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) and sacrificed at different times after surgery. The hepatic levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased after PH, but there were no significant differences between VDUP1 KO and WT mice. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) were activated much earlier and to a greater extent in VDUP1 KO mice after PH. A single injection of TNF-α or IL-6 caused rapid activation of JNK and STAT-3 expression in both mice, but the responses were stronger and more sustained in VDUP1 KO mice. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that VDUP1 plays a role in initiation of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea
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