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Rywińska A, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Lazar Z, Juszczyk P, Sałata P, Malek K, Kawecki A, Rymowicz W. Application of New Yarrowia lipolytica Transformants in Production of Citrates and Erythritol from Glycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1475. [PMID: 38338753 PMCID: PMC10855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Citric acid and erythritol are obtained on an industrial scale using biotechnological methods. Due to the growing market demand for these products, research is underway to improve the process economics by introducing new microorganisms, in particular of the species Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim of this study was to evaluate transformants of Y. lipolytica for growth and ability to overproduce citric acids and erythritol from glycerol. The transformants were constructed by overexpressing glycerol kinase, methylcitrate synthase and mitochondrial succinate-fumarate transporter in the mutant Wratislavia 1.31. Next, strains were assessed for biosynthesis of citrate (pH 5.5; nitrogen limitation) and erythritol (pH 3.0; high osmotic pressure) from glycerol. Regardless of culture conditions strains, 1.31.GUT1/6 and 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3 exhibited high rates of substrate utilization. Under conditions favoring citrate biosynthesis, both strains produced several percent more citrates, accompanied by higher erythritol production compared to the parental strain. During erythritol biosynthesis, the strain 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3.E34672g obtained as a result of co-expression of all three genes stood out, producing 84.0 g/L of erythritol with yield and productivity of 0.54 g/g and 0.72 g/Lh, respectively, which places it in the group of the highest-ranked producers of erythritol among Y. lipolytica species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (P.S.); (A.K.); (W.R.)
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Natale P, Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Longmuir H, Dodds B, Prasad R, Batt TJ, Jose MD, Strippoli GF. Anticoagulation for people receiving long-term haemodialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 1:CD011858. [PMID: 38189593 PMCID: PMC10772979 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011858.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemodialysis (HD) requires safe and effective anticoagulation to prevent clot formation within the extracorporeal circuit during dialysis treatments to enable adequate dialysis and minimise adverse events, including major bleeding. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may provide a more predictable dose, reliable anticoagulant effects and be simpler to administer than unfractionated heparin (UFH) for HD anticoagulation, but may accumulate in the kidneys and lead to bleeding. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation strategies (including both heparin and non-heparin drugs) for long-term HD in people with kidney failure. Any intervention preventing clotting within the extracorporeal circuit without establishing anticoagulation within the patient, such as regional citrate, citrate enriched dialysate, heparin-coated dialysers, pre-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF), and saline flushes were also included. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to November 2023 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled studies (quasi-RCTs) evaluating anticoagulant agents administered during HD treatment in adults and children with kidney failure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and extracted data. Treatment effects were estimated using random effects meta-analysis and expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE). MAIN RESULTS We included 113 studies randomising 4535 participants. The risk of bias in each study was adjudicated as high or unclear for most risk domains. Compared to UFH, LMWH had uncertain effects on extracorporeal circuit thrombosis (3 studies, 91 participants: RR 1.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 5.42; I2 = 8%; low certainty evidence), while major bleeding and minor bleeding were not adequately reported. Regional citrate anticoagulation may lower the risk of minor bleeding compared to UFH (2 studies, 82 participants: RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.85; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence). No studies reported data comparing regional citrate to UFH on risks of extracorporeal circuit thrombosis and major bleeding. The effects of very LMWH, danaparoid, prostacyclin, direct thrombin inhibitors, factor XI inhibitors or heparin-grafted membranes were uncertain due to insufficient data. The effects of different LMWH, different doses of LMWH, and the administration of LMWH anticoagulants using inlet versus outlet bloodline or bolus versus infusion were uncertain. Evidence to compare citrate to another citrate or control was scant. The effects of UFH compared to no anticoagulant therapy or different doses of UFH were uncertain. Death, dialysis vascular access outcomes, blood transfusions, measures of anticoagulation effect, and costs of interventions were rarely reported. No studies evaluated the effects of treatment on non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospital admissions. Adverse events were inconsistently and rarely reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Anticoagulant strategies, including UFH and LMWH, have uncertain comparative risks on extracorporeal circuit thrombosis, while major bleeding and minor bleeding were not adequately reported. Regional citrate may decrease minor bleeding, but the effects on major bleeding and extracorporeal circuit thrombosis were not reported. Evidence supporting clinical decision-making for different forms of anticoagulant strategies for HD is of low and very low certainty, as available studies have not been designed to measure treatment effects on important clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Natale
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universityof Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suetonia C Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Marinella Ruospo
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Dodds
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ritam Prasad
- Department of Haematology/Pathology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tracey J Batt
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jose
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Giovanni Fm Strippoli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Fusaro M, Leś A, Stolarczyk EU, Stolarczyk K. Computational Modeling of Gold Nanoparticle Interacting with Molecules of Pharmaceutical Interest in Water. Molecules 2023; 28:7167. [PMID: 37894646 PMCID: PMC10609557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We derived a theory of biomolecule binding to the surface of Aun clusters and of the Au plane based on the hard soft acid base (HSAB) principle and the free electron metallic surface model. With the use of quantum mechanical calculations, the chemical potential (μ) and the chemical hardness (η) of the biomolecules are estimated. The effect of the gold is introduced via the empirical value of the gold chemical potential (-5.77 eV) as well as by using the expression (modified here) for the chemical hardness (η). The effect of an aqueous environment is introduced by means of the ligand molecular geometry influenced by the PCM field. This theory allows for a fast and low-cost estimation of binding biomolecules to the AuNPs surface. The predicted binding of thiolated genistein and abiraterone to the gold surface is about 20 kcal/mol. The model of the exchange reaction between these biomolecules and citrates on the Au surface corresponds well with the experimental observations for thiolated abiraterone. Moreover, using a model of the place exchange of linear mercaptohydrocarbons on 12-mercaptododecane acid methyl ester bound to the Au surface, the present results reflect the known relation between exchange energy and the size of the reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fusaro
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrzej Leś
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Krzysztof Stolarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.); (A.L.)
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Ene MA, Geavlete PA, Simeanu CE, Bulai CA, Ene CV, Geavlete BF. The effectiveness of citrates and pyridoxine in the treatment of kidney stones. J Med Life 2023; 16:856-861. [PMID: 37675156 PMCID: PMC10478649 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing across all demographic groups. Apart from the morbidity associated with an acute occurrence, preventative treatment is essential for stone disease, which can become a long-term problem. Simple interventions like fluid intake optimization and dietary modification are effective for most stone types. However, patients with specific metabolic abnormalities may require pharmaceutical therapy if lifestyle changes are insufficient to reduce the risk of stone recurrence. The treatment of citrates and/or pyridoxines may help eliminate or prevent recurrences of kidney stones, especially when they are composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or the latter two together. In cases of struvite stones, which often necessitate a surgical approach, acetohydroxamic acid emerges as a valuable second-line treatment option. Thiol-binding agents may be needed for cystinuria, as well as lifestyle modifications. Successful treatment reduces stone recurrence and the need to remove stones surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Andrei Ene
- Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petrişor Aurelian Geavlete
- Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cătălin Andrei Bulai
- Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Victor Ene
- Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Florin Geavlete
- Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Deshwal GK, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Fenelon M, Huppertz T. A Review on the Effect of Calcium Sequestering Salts on Casein Micelles: From Model Milk Protein Systems to Processed Cheese. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052085. [PMID: 36903331 PMCID: PMC10004449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphates and citrates are calcium sequestering salts (CSS) most commonly used in the manufacture of processed cheese, either singly or in mixtures. Caseins are the main structure forming elements in processed cheese. Calcium sequestering salts decrease the concentration of free calcium ions by sequestering calcium from the aqueous phase and dissociates the casein micelles into small clusters by altering the calcium equilibrium, thereby resulting in enhanced hydration and voluminosity of the micelles. Several researchers have studied milk protein systems such as rennet casein, milk protein concentrate, skim milk powder, and micellar casein concentrate to elucidate the influence of calcium sequestering salts on (para-)casein micelles. This review paper provides an overview of the effects of calcium sequestering salts on the properties of casein micelles and consequently the physico-chemical, textural, functional, and sensorial attributes of processed cheese. A lack of proper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the action of calcium sequestering salts on the processed cheese characteristics increases the risk of failed production, leading to the waste of resources and unacceptable sensorial, appearance, and textural attributes, which adversely affect the financial side of processors and customer expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kr Deshwal
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, P61C996 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Laura G. Gómez-Mascaraque
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, P61C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Fenelon
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, P61C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Lambros M, Tran T(H, Fei Q, Nicolaou M. Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:972. [PMID: 35631557 PMCID: PMC9148065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid, has found wide application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and green, environmentally friendly chemistry. This review emphasizes the pharmaceutical uses of citric acid as a strategic ingredient in drug formulation while focusing on the impact of its physicochemical properties. The functionality of citric acid is due to its three carboxylic groups and one hydroxyl group. These allow it to be used in many ways, including its ability to be used as a crosslinker to form biodegradable polymers and as a co-former in co-amorphous and co-crystal applications. This paper also analyzes the effect of citric acid in physiological processes and how this effect can be used to enhance the attributes of pharmaceutical preparations, as well as providing a critical discussion on the issues that may arise out of the presence of citric acid in formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Thac (Henry) Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Qinqin Fei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Mike Nicolaou
- Doric Pharma LLC, 5270 California Ave, Suite 300, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
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Kontárová S, Přikryl R, Melčová V, Menčík P, Horálek M, Figalla S, Plavec R, Feranc J, Sadílek J, Pospíšilová A. Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4736. [PMID: 33114009 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(2-ethylhexanoate), were first checked whether they were miscible with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid) (PHB-PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends of 60-25-15 (wt.%) were then prepared using a corotating meshing twin-screw extruder, and a single screw extruder was used for filament preparation for further three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. These innovative eco-friendly PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends were created with a majority of PHB, and therefore, poor mechanical properties and thermal properties of neat PHB-PLA blends were improved by adding appropriate plasticizer. The plasticizer also influences the printability of blends, which was investigated, based on our new specific printability tests developed for the optimization of printing conditions (especially printing temperature). Three-dimensional printed test samples were used for heat deflection temperature measurements and Charpy and tensile-impact tests. Plasticizer migration was also investigated. The macrostructure of 3D printed samples was observed using an optical microscope to check the printing quality and printing conditions. Tensile tests of 3D printed samples (dogbones), as well as extruded filaments, showed that measured elongation at break raised, from 21% for non-plasticized PHB-PLA reference blends to 84% for some plasticized blends in the form of filaments and from 10% (reference) to 32% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. Measurements of thermal properties (using modulated differential scanning calorimetry and oscillation rheometry) also confirmed the plasticizing effect on blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHB-PLA blends were improved by the addition of appropriate plasticizer. In contrast, the printability of the PHB-PLA reference seems to be slightly better than the printability of the plasticized blends.
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Chua HR, MacLaren G, Choong LHL, Chionh CY, Khoo BZE, Yeo SC, Sewa DW, Ng SY, Choo JCJ, Teo BW, Tan HK, Siow WT, Agrawal RV, Tan CS, Vathsala A, Tagore R, Seow TYY, Khatri P, Hong WZ, Kaushik M. Ensuring Sustainability of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in the Face of Extraordinary Demand: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:392-400. [PMID: 32505811 PMCID: PMC7272152 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential surge in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, the resources needed to provide continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) for patients with acute kidney injury or kidney failure may be threatened. This article summarizes subsisting strategies that can be implemented immediately. Pre-emptive weekly multicenter projections of CKRT demand based on evolving COVID-19 epidemiology and routine workload should be made. Corresponding consumables should be quantified and acquired, with diversification of sources from multiple vendors. Supply procurement should be stepped up accordingly so that a several-week stock is amassed, with administrative oversight to prevent disproportionate hoarding by institutions. Consumption of CKRT resources can be made more efficient by optimizing circuit anticoagulation to preserve filters, extending use of each vascular access, lowering blood flows to reduce citrate consumption, moderating the CKRT intensity to conserve fluids, or running accelerated KRT at higher clearance to treat more patients per machine. If logistically feasible, earlier transition to intermittent hemodialysis with online-generated dialysate, or urgent peritoneal dialysis in selected patients, may help reduce CKRT dependency. These measures, coupled to multicenter collaboration and a corresponding increase in trained medical and nursing staffing levels, may avoid downstream rationing of care and save lives during the peak of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Ruey Chua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Graeme MacLaren
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lina Hui-Lin Choong
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chang-Yin Chionh
- Department of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - See-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Duu-Wen Sewa
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shin-Yi Ng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Surgical Intensive Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jason Chon-Jun Choo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Boon-Wee Teo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Khim Tan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wen-Ting Siow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rohit Vijay Agrawal
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chieh-Suai Tan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anantharaman Vathsala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajat Tagore
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Terina Ying-Ying Seow
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Priyanka Khatri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei-Zhen Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
| | - Manish Kaushik
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Cervantes CE, Menez S, Hanouneh M. CKRT Clotting and Cerebrovascular Accident in a Critically Ill Patient. Kidney360 2020; 1:718-719. [PMID: 35372941 PMCID: PMC8815541 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Cervantes
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Menez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohamad Hanouneh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Nephrology Center of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kita N, Nagao Y, Nabeshima Y, Yamane I, Hirata M, Hatakeyama K. Formation of a calcium oxalate urethral stone in a 3-year-old boy due to hypocitraturia. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:49-52. [PMID: 32743468 PMCID: PMC7292182 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urolithiasis in children is often due to metabolic abnormalities (e.g. hypocitraturia) and hence recurs frequently. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-year-old boy presented with gross hematuria. Computed tomography detected a urethral calculus. The calculus was removed surgically. The stone was composed of calcium oxalate. Although oxalate and uric acid levels in the urine were within normal ranges, urine calcium was moderately elevated and urine citrate was substantially low. Urinalyses of the parents revealed that the father had acidic hypocitraturic urine, containing oxalate crystals, and the mother had hypercalciuria. Administration of oral citrate acid normalized urine citrate levels and eliminated the oxalate crystals, from the boy and his father. CONCLUSION Although preventing urolithiasis using oral citrate is common in the adult population, this preventive measure is not well recognized in children, thus warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Kita
- Department of PediatricsFukuoka Tokushukai HospitalKasugaFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshiro Nagao
- Department of PediatricsFukuoka Tokushukai HospitalKasugaFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Ichiro Yamane
- Department of PediatricsFukuoka Tokushukai HospitalKasugaFukuokaJapan
| | - Masaaki Hirata
- Department of PediatricsFukuoka Tokushukai HospitalKasugaFukuokaJapan
| | - Kuniya Hatakeyama
- Department of PediatricsFukuoka Tokushukai HospitalKasugaFukuokaJapan
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Song S, Thomas IC, Ganesan C, Sohlberg EM, Chertow GM, Liao JC, Conti S, Elliott CS, Pao AC, Leppert JT. Twenty-Four Hour Urine Testing and Prescriptions for Urinary Stone Disease-Related Medications in Veterans. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 14:1773-1780. [PMID: 31712387 PMCID: PMC6895498 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03580319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current guidelines recommend 24-hour urine testing in the evaluation and treatment of persons with high-risk urinary stone disease. However, how much clinicians use information from 24-hour urine testing to guide secondary prevention strategies is unknown. We sought to determine the degree to which clinicians initiate or continue stone disease-related medications in response to 24-hour urine testing. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We examined a national cohort of 130,489 patients with incident urinary stone disease in the Veterans Health Administration between 2007 and 2013 to determine whether prescription patterns for thiazide diuretics, alkali therapy, and allopurinol changed in response to 24-hour urine testing. RESULTS Stone formers who completed 24-hour urine testing (n=17,303; 13%) were significantly more likely to be prescribed thiazide diuretics, alkali therapy, and allopurinol compared with those who did not complete a 24-hour urine test (n=113,186; 87%). Prescription of thiazide diuretics increased in patients with hypercalciuria (9% absolute increase if urine calcium 201-400 mg/d; 21% absolute increase if urine calcium >400 mg/d, P<0.001). Prescription of alkali therapy increased in patients with hypocitraturia (24% absolute increase if urine citrate 201-400 mg/d; 34% absolute increase if urine citrate ≤200 mg/d, P<0.001). Prescription of allopurinol increased in patients with hyperuricosuria (18% absolute increase if urine uric acid >800 mg/d, P<0.001). Patients who had visited both a urologist and a nephrologist within 6 months of 24-hour urine testing were more likely to have been prescribed stone-related medications than patients who visited one, the other, or neither. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians adjust their treatment regimens in response to 24-hour urine testing by increasing the prescription of medications thought to reduce risk for urinary stone disease. Most patients who might benefit from targeted medications remain untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | - I-Chun Thomas
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
| | | | - Ericka M Sohlberg
- Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and.,Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Simon Conti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and.,Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher S Elliott
- Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Division of Urology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California
| | - Alan C Pao
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and.,Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John T Leppert
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and.,Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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12
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Cigler AJ, Kaduk JA. Dilithium (citrate) crystals and their relatives. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:1160-1170. [PMID: 30284983 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618012597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New compounds of the type LiMHC6H5O7 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) have been prepared from the metal carbonates and citric acid in solution. The crystal structures have been solved and refined using laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1 and are nearly isostructural. The structures are lamellar, with the layers in the ab plane. The boundaries of the layers consist of hydrophobic methylene groups and very strong intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The O...O distances range from 2.666 Å for M = Li to 2.465 Å for M = Rb. The Li-O bonds exhibit significant covalent character, while the heavier M-O bonds are ionic. The Li atoms are four-, five-, or six-coordinate, while the coordination numbers of the larger cations are higher, i.e. eight for Na and nine for K and Rb. The citrate anion occurs in the trans,trans conformation, one of the two low-energy conformations of an isolated citrate anion. The crystal structure of LiRbHC6H5O7·H2O was also solved and refined. It consists of the same layers as in the anhydrous M = Rb compound, with interlayer water molecules and a different hydrogen-bonding pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Cigler
- Chemistry Department, North Central College, 131 S Loomis Street, Naperville, IL 60540, USA
| | - James A Kaduk
- Chemistry Department, North Central College, 131 S Loomis Street, Naperville, IL 60540, USA
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13
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Abstract
Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that results from a succession of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. Among the treatments used are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and drug treatment. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. In addition, persistent residual stone fragments and the possibility of infection after ESWL represent a serious problem in the treatment of stones. Furthermore, in spite of substantial progress in the study of the biological and physical manifestations of kidney stones, there is no satisfactory drug to use in clinical therapy. Data from IN VITRO, IN VIVO and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative or an adjunctive therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically evaluates the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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14
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Goldfarb DS. Reconsideration of the 1988 NIH Consensus Statement on Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones: Are the Recommendations Out of Date? Rev Urol 2002; 4:53-60. [PMID: 16985656 PMCID: PMC1475970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In 1988, a consensus conference was held at the National Institutes of Health to develop guidelines for prevention and treatment of kidney stones. The recommendations regarding the medical evaluation of stone formers and treatment directed at stone prevention are reviewed. The relevance of those 1988 guidelines is evaluated for continued pertinence. Most of the recommendations promulgated in the consensus statement remain useful today. One significant change is the current consensus that dietary calcium restriction is no longer considered appropriate therapy, as there is no evidence that it actually prevents stones and has as a consequence the potential to worsen bone demineralization.
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