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Aoyama JJ, Storz G. Two for one: regulatory RNAs that encode small proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:1035-1043. [PMID: 37777390 PMCID: PMC10841219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
RNAs are commonly categorized as being either protein-coding mRNAs or noncoding RNAs. However, an increasing number of transcripts, in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, are being found to have both coding and noncoding functions. In some cases, the sequences encoding the protein and the regulatory RNA functions are separated, while in other cases the sequences overlap. The protein and RNA can regulate similar or distinct pathways. Here we describe examples illustrating how these dual-function (also denoted bifunctional or dual-component) RNAs are identified and their mechanisms of action and cellular roles. We also discuss the synergy or competition between coding and RNA activity and how these regulators evolved, as well as how more dual-function RNAs might be discovered and exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Aoyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892-4417, USA
| | - Gisela Storz
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892-4417, USA.
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2
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Wee JL, Chan YS, Law MC. Dual Functions of a Hybrid Magnetic Magnesium Oxide Nanocomposite as a Fungicide and Plant Growth Promoter in Agriculture Applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4972-4987. [PMID: 37910790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanometal oxides in nanoagronomy has garnered considerable attention due to their excellent antifungal and plant growth promotion properties. Hybrid nanometal oxides, which combine the strengths of individual nanomaterials, have emerged as a promising class of materials. In this study, nanomagnesium oxide (n-MgO) and hybrid magnetic nanomagnesium oxide (m/n-MgO) were successfully synthesized via the ultrasound-mediated sol-gel method. Characterization results, including TGA, XRD, VSM, and FTIR, confirmed the successful synthesis of m/n-MgO. Both n-MgO and m/n-MgO underwent antifungal assays and plant growth promotion ability studies, benchmarked against the conventional fungicide-copper oxychloride. This study bridges a significant gap by simultaneously reporting the antifungal properties of both n-MgO and m/n-MgO and their impact on plant growth. The disc diffusion assay suggested that the antifungal activity of n-MgO and m/n-MgO against F. oxysporum was inversely related to the particle size. Notably, n-MgO exhibited superior antifungal performance (lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) and sustained efficacy compared with m/n-MgO, owing to distinct antifungal mechanisms. Nanorod-shaped MgO, with a smaller size (8.24 ± 5.61 nm) and higher aspect ratio, allowed them to penetrate the fungal cell wall and cause intercellular damage. In contrast, cubical m/n-MgO, with a larger size (20.95 ± 9.99 nm) and lower aspect ratio, accumulate on the fungal cell wall surface, disrupting the wall integrity, albeit less effectively against F. oxysporum. Moreover, in plant growth promotion studies, m/n-MgO-treated samples exhibited a 15.7% stronger promotion effect compared to n-MgO at their respective MICs. In addition, both n-MgO and m/n-MgO outperformed copper oxychloride in terms of antifungal and plant growth promoting activities. Thus, m/n-MgO presents a promising alternative to conventional copper-based fungicides, offering dual functionality as a fungicide and plant growth promoter, while the study also delves into the antifungal mechanisms at the intracellular level, enhancing its novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ming Chiat Law
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Deng B, Ding L, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. A dual-function fluorescent probe for the detection of pH values and formaldehyde. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:1647-1653. [PMID: 37408325 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A dual-function fluorescent probe (Probe 1) was developed in this work for the separate detection of pH value and formaldehyde (HCHO). Probe 1 could recognize HCHO and the pH value from the amino group. The colour of the probe solution was changed from grey blue to light blue with the increase in the pH value, and luminous intensity became larger with the increase in formaldehyde concentration. The curve function relationship between fluorescence intensity and the pH value was also determined. A smartphone containing a colour detector for imaging was used to record the values of the three primary colours (R value, G value, and B value) for the probe solution in formaldehyde. Importantly, there was a linear functional relationship between the B*R/G value with HCHO concentration. Therefore, the probe could be used as a rapid tool for the detection of formaldehyde. More importantly, Probe 1 was successfully used to detect formaldehyde in an actual distilled liquor sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry | China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Leyuan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry | China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry | China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry | China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry | China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Trinh BT, Cho H, Lee D, Omelianovych O, Kim T, Nguyen SK, Choi HS, Kim H, Yoon I. Dual-Functional Solar-to-Steam Generation and SERS Detection Substrate Based on Plasmonic Nanostructure. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 36985897 PMCID: PMC10054297 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solar-to-steam (STS) generation based on plasmonic materials has attracted significant attention as a green method for producing fresh water. Herein, a simple in situ method is introduced to fabricate Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on cellulose filter papers as dual-functional substrates for STS generation and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing. The substrates exhibit 90% of broadband solar absorption between 350 and 1800 nm and achieve an evaporation rate of 0.96 kg·m-2·h-1 under 1-sun illumination, room temperature of 20 °C, and relative humidity of 40%. The STS generation of the substrate is stable during 30 h continuous operation. Enriched SERS hotspots between AuNPs endow the substrates with the ability to detect chemical contamination in water with ppb limits of detection for rhodamine 6G dye and melamine. To demonstrate dual-functional properties, the contaminated water was analyzed with SERS and purified by STS. The purified water was then analyzed with SERS to confirm its purity. The developed substrate can be an improved and suitable candidate for fresh water production and qualification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Thong Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunchan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Oleksii Omelianovych
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sy Khiem Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilsun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Feng Y, Zhang S, Li J, Pei R, Tian L, Qi J, Azam M, Agyenim-Boateng KG, Shaibu AS, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Li B, Sun J. Dual-function C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor GmZFP7 contributes to isoflavone accumulation in soybean. New Phytol 2023; 237:1794-1809. [PMID: 36352516 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are a class of secondary metabolites produced by legumes and play important roles in human health and plant stress tolerance. The C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor (TF) functions in plant stress tolerance, but little is known about its function in isoflavone regulation in soybean (Glycine max). Here, we report a C2H2 zinc-finger TF gene, GmZFP7, which regulates isoflavone accumulation in soybean. Overexpressing GmZFP7 increased the isoflavone concentration in both transgenic hairy roots and plants. By contrast, silencing GmZFP7 expression significantly reduced isoflavone levels. Metabolomic and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that GmZFP7 can increase the flux of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Furthermore, dual-luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GmZFP7 regulates isoflavone accumulation by influencing the expression of Isoflavone synthase 2 (GmIFS2) and Flavanone 3 β-hydroxylase 1 (GmF3H1). In this study, we demonstrate that GmZFP7 contributes to isoflavone accumulation by regulating the expression of the gateway enzymes (GmIFS2 and GmF3H1) of competing phenylpropanoid pathway branches to direct the metabolic flux into isoflavone. A haplotype analysis indicated that important natural variations were present in GmZFP7 promoters, with P-Hap1 and P-Hap3 being the elite haplotypes. Our findings provide insight into how GmZFP7 regulates the phenylpropanoid pathway and enhances soybean isoflavone content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruili Pei
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Tian
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Qi
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Azam
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdulwahab S Shaibu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zuofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junming Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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Bai X, Cao T, Xia T, Wu C, Feng M, Li X, Mei Z, Gao H, Huo D, Ren X, Li S, Guo H, Wang R. MoS 2/NiSe 2/rGO Multiple-Interfaced Sandwich-like Nanostructures as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:752. [PMID: 36839119 PMCID: PMC9964359 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a heterogeneous interface using different components is one of the effective measures to achieve the bifunctionality of nanocatalysts, while synergistic interactions between multiple interfaces can further optimize the performance of single-interface nanocatalysts. The non-precious metal nanocatalysts MoS2/NiSe2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) bilayer sandwich-like nanostructure with multiple well-defined interfaces is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. MoS2 and rGO are layered nanostructures with clear boundaries, and the NiSe2 nanoparticles with uniform size are sandwiched between both layered nanostructures. This multiple-interfaced sandwich-like nanostructure is prominent in catalytic water splitting with low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and almost no degradation in performance after a 20 h long-term reaction. In order to simulate the actual overall water splitting process, the prepared nanostructures are assembled into MoS2/NiSe2/rGO||MoS2/NiSe2/rGO modified two-electrode system, whose overpotential is only 1.52 mV, even exceeded that of noble metal nanocatalyst (Pt/C||RuO2~1.63 mV). This work provides a feasible idea for constructing multi-interface bifunctional electrocatalysts using nanoparticle-doped bilayer-like nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tianqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tianyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chenxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Menglin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ziqing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dongyu Huo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shunfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Kang S, Park HW, Han KH. Antibodies Regulate Dual-Function Enzyme IYD to Induce Functional Synergy between Metabolism and Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7834. [PMID: 35887180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) is a type of deiodinase enzyme that scavenges iodide from the thyroid gland. Previously, we showed that H3 Ab acts as an agonist on IYD to induce migration of cells to the heart and differentiate human stem cells into brown adipocyte-like cells. To continue this study, we investigated the dual function of IYD in hypothyroidism by blocking IYD and in thermogenesis by looking at the induction of brown adipocyte-like cells by treatment with H3 Ab in a mouse model. Surprisingly, our results suggest H3 Ab acts on IYD as both an antagonist and agonist to reduce T4 and increase core body temperature in the mouse model. Taken together, the data suggest IYD has a dual function that can regulate physiological metabolism and enhance thermogenesis.
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Ruan YF, Chen FZ, Xu YT, Zhang TY, Yu SY, Zhao WW, Jiang D, Chen HY, Xu JJ. An Integrated Photoelectrochemical Nanotool for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Evaluation of Treatment Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25762-25765. [PMID: 34590767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With reduced background and high sensitivity, photoelectrochemistry (PEC) may be applied as an intracellular nanotool and open a new technological direction of single-cell study. Nevertheless, the present palette of single-cell tools lacks such a PEC-oriented solution. Here a dual-functional photocathodic single-cell nanotool capable of direct electroosmotic intracellular drug delivery and evaluation of oxidative stress is devised by engineering a target-specific organic molecule/NiO/Ni film at the tip of a nanopipette. Specifically, the organic molecule probe serves simultaneously as the biorecognition element and sensitizer to synergize with p-type NiO. Upon intracellular delivery at picoliter level, the oxidative stress effect will cause structural change of the organic probe, switching its optical absorption and altering the cathodic response. This work has revealed the potential of PEC single-cell nanotool and extended the boundary of current single-cell electroanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Kalienkova V, Clerico Mosina V, Paulino C. The Groovy TMEM16 Family: Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Scrambling and Ion Conduction. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166941. [PMID: 33741412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16 family of membrane proteins displays a remarkable functional dichotomy - while some family members function as Ca2+-activated anion channels, the majority of characterized TMEM16 homologs are Ca2+-activated lipid scramblases, which catalyze the exchange of phospholipids between the two membrane leaflets. Furthermore, some TMEM16 scramblases can also function as channels. Due to their involvement in important physiological processes, the family has been actively studied ever since their molecular identity was unraveled. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the field and how they influenced our view of TMEM16 family function and evolution. Structural, functional and computational studies reveal how relatively small rearrangements in the permeation pathway are responsible for the observed functional duality: while TMEM16 scramblases can adopt both ion- and lipid conductive conformations, TMEM16 channels can only populate the former. Recent data further provides the molecular details of a stepwise activation mechanism, which is initiated by Ca2+ binding and modulated by various cellular factors, including lipids. TMEM16 function and the surrounding membrane properties are inextricably intertwined, with the protein inducing bilayer deformations associated with scrambling, while the surrounding lipids modulate TMEM16 conformation and activity.
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König A, Hube B, Kasper L. The Dual Function of the Fungal Toxin Candidalysin during Candida albicans-Macrophage Interaction and Virulence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080469. [PMID: 32722029 PMCID: PMC7471981 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is both a harmless commensal organism on mucosal surfaces and an opportunistic pathogen. Under certain predisposing conditions, the fungus can overgrow the mucosal microbiome and cause both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections after gaining access to the bloodstream. As the first line of defense of the innate immune response, infecting C. albicans cells face macrophages, which mediate the clearance of invading fungi by intracellular killing. However, the fungus has evolved sophisticated strategies to counteract macrophage antimicrobial activities and thus evade immune surveillance. The cytolytic peptide toxin, candidalysin, contributes to this fungal defense machinery by damaging immune cell membranes, providing an escape route from the hostile phagosome environment. Nevertheless, candidalysin also induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to an increased host-protective pro-inflammatory response in mononuclear phagocytes. Therefore, candidalysin facilitates immune evasion by acting as a classical virulence factor but also contributes to an antifungal immune response, serving as an avirulence factor. In this review, we discuss the role of candidalysin during C. albicans infections, focusing on its implications during C. albicans-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika König
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (L.K.)
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Huang SZ, Liu SS, Zhang HJ, Han Z, Zhao G, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Dual-Functional Proton-Conducting and pH-Sensing Polymer Membrane Benefiting from a Eu-MOF. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:28720-28726. [PMID: 32470284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated a great potential in proton conduction and luminescence sensing due to functionalized nodes, ligands and channels, or pores. Herein, we prepared a hydrothermally stable Eu-MOF that also resisted acid and base using a bifunctional organic ligand containing carboxylic acid groups, which are easily coordinated to Eu ions, and Eu-phobic tetrazolyl groups as potential proton-hopping sites. The hydrogen bond network, which was constructed by the uncoordinated anionic tetrazolium and the coordinated and free water molecules, endowed this Eu-MOF with the highest proton conductivity of 4.45 × 10-2 S/cm at 373 K and 93% relative humidity. The proton conductivity of the Nafion membrane containing this Eu-MOF increased 1.74 times. More interestingly, the hybrid membrane displayed luminescence pH sensing because the changeable protonation levels of uncoordinated tetrazolium groups along with the pH tuned the emission of embedded Eu-MOFs. Such a dual-functional MOF-based hybrid membrane including proton conduction and pH sensing is reported for the first time, which could open an avenue to the more practical application for functional MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Zheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Hui-Ju Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Qiao L, Zhao W, Tang C, Nie Q, Zhang L. Network Topologies That Can Achieve Dual Function of Adaptation and Noise Attenuation. Cell Syst 2019; 9:271-285.e7. [PMID: 31542414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many signaling systems execute adaptation under circumstances that require noise attenuation. Here, we identify an intrinsic trade-off existing between sensitivity and noise attenuation in the three-node networks. We demonstrate that although fine-tuning timescales in three-node adaptive networks can partially mediate this trade-off in this context, it prolongs adaptation time and imposes unrealistic parameter constraints. By contrast, four-node networks can effectively decouple adaptation and noise attenuation to achieve dual function without a trade-off, provided that these functions are executed sequentially. We illustrate ideas in seven biological examples, including Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis and the p53 signaling network and find that adaptive networks are often associated with a noise attenuation module. Our approach may be applicable to finding network design principles for other dual and multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Qiao
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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13
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Qiu W, Wang N, Dai J, Wang T, Kochian LV, Liu J, Zuo Y. AhFRDL1-mediated citrate secretion contributes to adaptation to iron deficiency and aluminum stress in peanuts. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:2873-2886. [PMID: 30825369 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although citrate transporters are involved in iron (Fe) translocation and aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants, to date none of them have been shown to confer both biological functions in plant species that utilize Fe-absorption Strategy I. In this study, we demonstrated that AhFRDL1, a citrate transporter gene from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) that is induced by both Fe-deficiency and Al-stress, participates in both root-to-shoot Fe translocation and Al tolerance. Expression of AhFRDL1 induced by Fe deficiency was located in the root stele, but under Al-stress expression was observed across the entire root-tip cross-section. Overexpression of AhFRDL1 restored efficient Fe translocation in Atfrd3 mutants and Al resistance in AtMATE-knockout mutants. Knocking down AhFRDL1 in the roots resulted in reduced xylem citrate and reduced concentrations of active Fe in young leaves. Furthermore, AhFRDL1-knockdown lines had reduced root citrate exudation and were more sensitive to Al toxicity. Compared to an Al-sensitive variety, enhanced AhFRDL1 expression in an Fe-efficient variety contributed to higher levels of Al tolerance and Fe translocation by promoting citrate secretion. These results indicate that AhFRDL1 plays a significant role in Fe translocation and Al tolerance in Fe-efficient peanut varieties under different soil-stress conditions. Given its dual biological functions, AhFRDL1 may serve as a useful genetic marker for breeding for high Fe efficiency and Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Robert W. Holley Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yuanmei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang H, Hu Y, Lynch D, Young M, Li S, Cong H, Xu FJ, Cheng G. Zwitterionic Polyurethanes with Tunable Surface and Bulk Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:37609-37617. [PMID: 30335927 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To address the lack of blood compatibility and antifouling properties of polyurethanes (PUs), a novel zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine urethane) (PCBHU) platform with excellent antifouling and tunable mechanical properties is presented. PCBHU was synthesized via the condensation polymerization of diisocyanate with carboxybetaine (CB)-based triols. Postpolymerization hydrolysis of triol segments at the interface generates zwitterionic CB functional groups that provide superior antifouling properties via the enhanced hydration capacities of CB groups. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurement show the high thermal stability of PCBHU with up to 305 °C degradation temperature. Tunable mechanical properties and water uptakes can be finely tuned by controlling the structure and ratio of CB-based triol cross-linkers. This study presents a new strategy to incorporate CB functional groups into PU without significantly changing the synthetic methods and conditions of PU. It also provides a deeper understanding on structure-property relationships of zwitterionic PUs. Because of its superior antifouling properties than existing PUs and similar cost, mechanical properties, stability, and processability, PCBHU has the great potential to replace current PUs and may open a new avenue to PUs for more challenging biomedical applications in which the existing PUs are limited by calcification and poor antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Dylan Lynch
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Megan Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Shengxi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Hongbo Cong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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15
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Chowdhury AKMRH, Tan B, Venkatakrishnan K. Fibroblast-Cytophilic and HeLa-Cytotoxic Dual Function Carbon Nanoribbon Network Platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:19662-19676. [PMID: 28530092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a promising material in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Carbon nanomaterials/nanostructures (C-C molecular structure) act as a carrier/skeleton and require further surface modification through functionalization with chemicals or biomolecules to attain cell response. We report the synthesis of a novel carbon nanoribbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a combination of C-C and C-O bond architecture. The bioactive CNRN showed enhanced ability for cell adhesion. Most importantly, it induced opposite cell responses from healthy cells and cancerous cells, cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Ultrafast laser ionization under ambient conditions transforms nonbioresponsive C-C bond of graphite to C-C and C-O bonds, forming a self-assembled CNRN platform. The morphology, nanochemistry, and functionality on modulating fibroblast and HeLa adhesion and proliferation of the fabricated CNRN platforms were investigated. The results of in vitro studies suggested that the CNRN platforms not only attracted but also actively accelerated the adhesion and proliferation of both fibroblasts and HeLa cells. The proliferation rate of fibroblasts and HeLa cells is 91 and 98 times greater compared with that of a native graphite substrate, respectively. The morphology of the cells over a period of 24 to 48 h revealed that the CNRN platform induced an apoptosis-like cytotoxic function on HeLa cells, whereas fibroblasts experienced a cytophilic effect and formed a tissuelike structure. The degree of cytotoxic or cytophilic effect can be further enhanced by adjusting parameters such as the ratio of C-C bonds to C-O bonds, the nanoribbon width, and the nanovoid porosity of the CNRN platforms, which could be tuned by careful control of laser ionization. In a nutshell, for the first time, pristine carbon nanostructures free from biochemical functionalization demonstrate dual function, cytophilic to fibroblast cells and cytotoxic to HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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16
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Li X, Li X, Li M, Yan Y, Liu X, Li L. Dual Function of NAC072 in ABF3-Mediated ABA-Responsive Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1075. [PMID: 27486475 PMCID: PMC4949229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) domain proteins play various roles in plant growth and stress responses. Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor NAC072 has been reported as a transcriptional activator in Abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene expression. However, the exact function of NAC072 in ABA signaling is still elusive. In this study, we present evidence for the interrelation between NAC072 and ABA-responsive element binding factor 3 (ABF3) that act as a positive regulator of ABA-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis. The transcript of NAC072 is up-regulated by ABF3 in ABA response, and NAC072 protein interacts with ABF3. Enhanced ABA sensitivity occurs in nac072 mutant plants that overexpressed ABF3. However, overexpression of NAC072 weakened the ABA sensitivity in the abf3 mutant plants, but instead of recovering the ABA sensitivity of abf3. NAC072 and ABF3 cooperate to regulate RD29A expression, but are antagonistic when regulating RD29B expression. Therefore, NAC072 displays a dual function in ABF3-mediated ABA-responsive gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Youcheng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Liu, Ling Li,
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Liu, Ling Li,
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17
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Liu Y, Moon SY, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Dual-Function Metal-Organic Framework as a Versatile Catalyst for Detoxifying Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants. ACS Nano 2015; 9:12358-64. [PMID: 26482030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nanocrystals of a porphyrin-based zirconium(IV) metal-organic framework (MOF) are used as a dual-function catalyst for the simultaneous detoxification of two chemical warfare agent simulants at room temperature. Simulants of nerve agent (such as GD, VX) and mustard gas, dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, have been hydrolyzed and oxidized, respectively, to nontoxic products via a pair of pathways catalyzed by the same MOF. Phosphotriesterase-like activity of the Zr6-containing node combined with photoactivity of the porphyrin linker gives rise to a versatile MOF catalyst. In addition, bringing the MOF crystals down to the nanoregime leads to acceleration of the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Su-Young Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Nakamura A, Wada C, Miki K. Structural basis for regulation of bifunctional roles in replication initiator protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:18484-9. [PMID: 18000058 PMCID: PMC2141803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705623104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication initiator protein RepE stringently regulates F plasmid replication by its two distinct molecular association states. A predominant dimer functions as an autogenous repressor, whereas monomers act as replication initiators, and the dimer requires actions of the DnaK molecular chaperone system for monomerization. The structure of the monomeric form is known, whereas the dimeric structure and structural details of the dimer-to-monomer conversion have been unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of the RepE dimer in complex with the repE operator DNA. The dimerization interface is mainly formed by intermolecular beta-sheets with several key interactions of charged residues. The conformations of the internal N- and C-terminal domains are conserved between the dimer and monomer, whereas the relative domain orientations are strikingly different, allowing for an efficient oligomeric transition of dual-functional RepE. This domain relocation accompanies secondary structural changes in the linker connecting the two domains, and the linker is included in plausible DnaK/DnaJ-binding regions. These findings suggest an activation mechanism for F plasmid replication by RepE monomerization, which is induced and mediated by the DnaK system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakamura
- *Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chieko Wada
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- *Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center at Harima Institute, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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