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Gaillet M, Pichard C, Restrepo J, Lavergne A, Perez L, Enfissi A, Abboud P, Lambert Y, Ma L, Monot M, Demar M, Djossou F, Servas V, Nacher M, Andrieu A, Prudhomme J, Michaud C, Rousseau C, Jeanne I, Duchemin JB, Epelboin L, Rousset D. Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in French Guiana. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2711-2714. [PMID: 34545800 PMCID: PMC8462337 DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.204760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche fever is a zoonotic dengue-like syndrome caused by Oropouche virus. In August–September 2020, dengue-like syndrome developed in 41 patients in a remote rainforest village in French Guiana. By PCR or microneutralization, 23 (82.1%) of 28 tested patients were positive for Oropouche virus, documenting its emergence in French Guiana.
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Marsh JK, Ungson ND, Packer DJ. Of Pandemics and Zombies: The Influence of Prior Concepts on COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5207. [PMID: 34068857 PMCID: PMC8153630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We use a concepts and categories research perspective to explore how prior conceptual knowledge influences thinking about a novel disease, namely COVID-19. We collected measures of how similar people thought COVID-19 was to several existing concepts that may have served as other possible comparison points for the pandemic. We also collected participants' self-reported engagement in pandemic-related behaviors. We found that thinking the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to other serious disease outbreaks predicted greater social distancing and mask-wearing, whereas likening COVID-19 to the seasonal flu predicted engaging in significantly fewer of these behaviors. Thinking of COVID-19 as similar to zombie apocalypse scenarios or moments of major societal upheaval predicted stocking-up behaviors, but not disease mitigation behaviors. These early category comparisons influenced behaviors over a six-month span of longitudinal data collection. Our findings suggest that early conceptual comparisons track with emergent disease categories over time and influence the behaviors people engage in related to the disease. Our research illustrates how early concept formation influences behaviors over time, and suggests ways for public health experts to communicate with the public about emergent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessecae K. Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
| | - Nick D. Ungson
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Albright College, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Dominic J. Packer
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
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Garbelotto M, Popenuck T, Hall B, Schweigkofler W, Dovana F, Goldstein de Salazar R, Schmidt D, Sims LL. Citizen Science Uncovers Phytophthora ramorum as a Threat to Several Rare or Endangered California Manzanita Species. Plant Dis 2020; 104:3173-3182. [PMID: 33044918 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-20-0619-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Sudden Oak Death (SOD) Blitzes consist of yearly surveys led by citizen scientists designed to map the distribution of Phytophthora ramorum, cause of the forest disease called SOD, across northern California. During the 2017 Santa Cruz County SOD Blitz, six rare or endangered Arctostaphylos (manzanita) species were found to be possibly symptomatic for the first time. Symptoms included branch cankers and associated canopy mortality, and affected multiple individuals per species. Isolates of P. ramorum were obtained from each of the six species and, through a 30-day-long inoculation experiment on live plants, Koch's postulates were completed for each one of them, conclusively determining that they all are hosts of this pathogen. Two additional manzanita species were later found to be apparently symptomatic in Marin County. Inoculations on detached branches using an isolate of P. ramorum obtained from one of the six rare species from Santa Cruz County were successful, suggesting that these two species may also be hosts of P. ramorum. Detached leaves of all eight species were also successfully inoculated at the University of California-Berkeley in fall 2018 and then again in spring 2019. In these cases, the same isolate was used for all inoculations, in order to obtain information on the comparative susceptibility of the eight species in question. Both branch and leaf inoculations identified significant interspecific differences in susceptibility. The production of sporangia was low on all species but it was not zero, suggesting that sporulation may cause within-plant and limited across-plant contagion, especially in rainy years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Garbelotto
- Department of ESPM, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Tina Popenuck
- Department of ESPM, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Brett Hall
- University of California-Santa Cruz Arboretum California Conservation Gardens, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, U.S.A
| | - Wolfgang Schweigkofler
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, U.S.A
| | - Francesco Dovana
- Department of ESPM, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Doug Schmidt
- Department of ESPM, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Laura Lee Sims
- Department of ESPM, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
- School of Ag Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, U.S.A
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Neuraz A, Lerner I, Digan W, Paris N, Tsopra R, Rogier A, Baudoin D, Cohen KB, Burgun A, Garcelon N, Rance B. Natural Language Processing for Rapid Response to Emergent Diseases: Case Study of Calcium Channel Blockers and Hypertension in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e20773. [PMID: 32759101 PMCID: PMC7431235 DOI: 10.2196/20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel disease poses special challenges for informatics solutions. Biomedical informatics relies for the most part on structured data, which require a preexisting data or knowledge model; however, novel diseases do not have preexisting knowledge models. In an emergent epidemic, language processing can enable rapid conversion of unstructured text to a novel knowledge model. However, although this idea has often been suggested, no opportunity has arisen to actually test it in real time. The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents such an opportunity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of information from clinical text in response to emergent diseases using natural language processing (NLP). METHODS We explored the effects of long-term treatment by calcium channel blockers on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with high blood pressure during in-patient hospital stays using two sources of information: data available strictly from structured electronic health records (EHRs) and data available through structured EHRs and text mining. RESULTS In this multicenter study involving 39 hospitals, text mining increased the statistical power sufficiently to change a negative result for an adjusted hazard ratio to a positive one. Compared to the baseline structured data, the number of patients available for inclusion in the study increased by 2.95 times, the amount of available information on medications increased by 7.2 times, and the amount of additional phenotypic information increased by 11.9 times. CONCLUSIONS In our study, use of calcium channel blockers was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. This finding was obtained by quickly adapting an NLP pipeline to the domain of the novel disease; the adapted pipeline still performed sufficiently to extract useful information. When that information was used to supplement existing structured data, the sample size could be increased sufficiently to see treatment effects that were not previously statistically detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Neuraz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Necker-Enfant Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- LIMSI, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ivan Lerner
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Necker-Enfant Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - William Digan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Paris
- DSI WIND, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rosy Tsopra
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Alice Rogier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - David Baudoin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Anita Burgun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Necker-Enfant Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Rance
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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Socorro Serrano M, Osmundson T, Almaraz-Sánchez A, Croucher PJP, Swiecki T, Alvarado-Rosales D, Garbelotto M. A Microsatellite Analysis Used to Identify Global Pathways of Movement of Phytophthora cinnamomi and the Likely Sources of Wildland Infestations in California and Mexico. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1577-1593. [PMID: 31058568 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-19-0102-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic structure of a sample of isolates of the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi from natural and agricultural outbreaks and the long-distance movement of individual genotypes were studied using four microsatellite markers to genotype 159 isolates of Californian, Mexican, and worldwide origins. Allelic profiles identified 75 multilocus genotypes. A STRUCTURE analysis placed them in three groups characterized by different geographic and host ranges, different genic and genotypic diversity, and different reproductive modes. When relationships among genotypes were visualized on a minimum spanning network (MSN), genotypes belonging to the same STRUCTURE group were contiguous, with rare exceptions. A putatively ancestral group 1 had high genic diversity, included all A1 mating type isolates and all Papuan isolates in the sample, was rarely isolated from natural settings in California and Mexico, and was positioned at the center of the MSN. Putatively younger groups 2 and 3 had lower genic diversity, were both neighbors to group 1 but formed two distinct peripherical sectors of the MSN, and were equally present in agricultural commodities and natural settings in Mexico and California. A few genotypes, especially in groups 2 and 3, were isolated multiple times in different locations and settings. The presence of identical genotypes from the same hosts in different continents indicated that long-distance human-mediated movement of P. cinnamomi had occurred. The presence of identical genotypes at high frequencies in neighboring wildlands and agricultural settings suggest that specific commodities may have been the source of recent wild infestations caused by novel invasive genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Socorro Serrano
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Mediterranean Forest Systems, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Todd Osmundson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 3005 Cowley Hall, La Crosse, WI 54601, U.S.A
| | - Alejandra Almaraz-Sánchez
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
- Programa de Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México
| | - Peter J P Croucher
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Matteo Garbelotto
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
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Schmitt CJ, Cook JA, Zamudio KR, Edwards SV. Museum specimens of terrestrial vertebrates are sensitive indicators of environmental change in the Anthropocene. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170387. [PMID: 30455205 PMCID: PMC6282080 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural history museums and the specimen collections they curate are vital scientific infrastructure, a fact as true today as it was when biologists began collecting and preserving specimens over 200 years ago. The importance of museum specimens in studies of taxonomy, systematics, ecology and evolutionary biology is evidenced by a rich and abundant literature, yet creative and novel uses of specimens are constantly broadening the impact of natural history collections on biodiversity science and global sustainability. Excellent examples of the critical importance of specimens come from their use in documenting the consequences of environmental change, which is particularly relevant considering the alarming rate at which we now modify our planet in the Anthropocene. In this review, we highlight the important role of bird, mammal and amphibian specimens in documenting the Anthropocene and provide examples that underscore the need for continued collection of museum specimens.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jonathan Schmitt
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology & Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Museum of Vertebrates and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Stenlid J, Oliva J. Phenotypic interactions between tree hosts and invasive forest pathogens in the light of globalization and climate change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0455. [PMID: 28080981 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive pathogens can cause considerable damage to forest ecosystems. Lack of coevolution is generally thought to enable invasive pathogens to bypass the defence and/or recognition systems in the host. Although mostly true, this argument fails to predict intermittent outcomes in space and time, underlining the need to include the roles of the environment and the phenotype in host-pathogen interactions when predicting disease impacts. We emphasize the need to consider host-tree imbalances from a phenotypic perspective, considering the lack of coevolutionary and evolutionary history with the pathogen and the environment, respectively. We describe how phenotypic plasticity and plastic responses to environmental shifts may become maladaptive when hosts are faced with novel pathogens. The lack of host-pathogen and environmental coevolution are aligned with two global processes currently driving forest damage: globalization and climate change, respectively. We suggest that globalization and climate change act synergistically, increasing the chances of both genotypic and phenotypic imbalances. Short moves on the same continent are more likely to be in balance than if the move is from another part of the world. We use Gremmeniella abietina outbreaks in Sweden to exemplify how host-pathogen phenotypic interactions can help to predict the impacts of specific invasive and emergent diseases.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonàs Oliva
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Senecavirus genus within the Picornaviridae family. The virus has been silently circulating in pig herds of the USA since 1988. However, cases of senecavirus-associated vesicular disease were reported in Canada in 2007 and in the USA in 2012. Since late 2014 and early 2015, an increasing number of senecavirus outbreaks have been reported in pigs in different producing categories, with this virus being detected in Brazil, China, and Thailand. Considering the novel available data on senecavirus infection and disease, 2015 may be a divisor in the epidemiology of the virus. Among the aspects that reinforce this hypothesis are the geographical distribution of the virus, the affected pig-producing categories, clinical signs associated with the infection, and disease severity. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the senecavirus infection and disease, especially in the last two years. Senecavirus epidemiology, pathogenic potential, host immunological response, diagnosis, and prophylaxis and control measures are addressed. Perspectives are focused on the need for complete evolutionary, epidemiological and pathogenic data and the capability for an immediate diagnosis of senecavirus infection. The health risks inherent in the swine industry cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 10011, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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