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Du K, Tong S, De S. Developing an Ex Vivo Pig Model for Teaching Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Renal Access. J Endourol 2024. [PMID: 38568997 DOI: 10.1089/end.2023.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Establishing percutaneous renal access is the key initial step to percutaneous nephrolithotomy; however, learning the technique during surgery for trainees is complicated by the number of approaches used to gain access, limited completion time during a breath hold. and attempt to minimize the number of passes through a kidney. There are many training models for percutaneous access commercially available all with their respective limitations. Our objective was to develop a low-cost, high-fidelity percutaneous access training model that addresses existing limitations and can be used with both ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance. Methods: After a formal ethics exemption was attained, pig cadavers were harvested for flank, kidneys, and ureters. These were incorporated into a composite porcine tissue mould, created within a gelatin matrix. In the initial assessment, establishing percutaneous access under both ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance was tested to refine usability. Once acceptable, its use during a training course was evaluated to assess impressions for use with ultrasound. Results: We were able to create a $45USD biodegradable model, which can facilitate percutaneous access using: fluoroscopy with intrarenal contrast; fluoroscopy with endoscopic guidance; and fluoro-less that is, ultrasound only. A cohort of 12 Canadian Postgraduate Year-3 residents who used the model for ultrasound access agreed that the model simulated a comparable tactile experience (58.33%) and anatomy (75%) to humans. Furthermore, majority of the residents agreed that model was easy to use with ultrasound guidance (91.67%), was a beneficial experience for their learning and future practice (83.33%) and if available would use to complement their intraoperative training (83.33%). Conclusion: We were able to develop a low-cost, preliminarily tested ex vivo pig model for percutaneous access compatible with multiple imaging modalities. We will continue refining our model and seek to understand its benefits when teaching percutaneous access to varying levels of learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Du
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Tong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shubha De
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Connors KA, Frey ZD, Demers MJ, Wills ZP, Hartman AL. Acute Rift Valley fever virus infection induces inflammatory cytokines and cell death in ex vivo rat brain slice culture. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:001970. [PMID: 38546100 PMCID: PMC10995633 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging arboviral disease with pandemic potential. While infection is often self-limiting, a subset of individuals may develop late-onset encephalitis, accounting for up to 20 % of severe cases. Importantly, individuals displaying neurologic disease have up to a 53 % case fatality rate, yet the neuropathogenesis of RVFV infection remains understudied. In this study, we evaluated whether ex vivo postnatal rat brain slice cultures (BSCs) could be used to evaluate RVFV infection in the central nervous system. BSCs mounted an inflammatory response after slicing, which resolved over time, and they were viable in culture for at least 12 days. Infection of rat BSCs with pathogenic RVFV strain ZH501 induced tissue damage and apoptosis over 48 h. Viral replication in BSCs reached up to 1×107 p.f.u. equivalents/ml, depending on inoculation dose. Confocal immunofluorescent microscopy of cleared slices confirmed direct infection of neurons as well as activation of microglia and astrocytes. Further, RVFV-infected rat BSCs produced antiviral cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1 and GRO/KC. This study demonstrates that rat BSCs support replication of RVFV for ex vivo studies of neuropathogenesis. This allows for continued and complementary investigation into RVFV infection in an ex vivo postnatal brain slice culture format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A. Connors
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary D. Frey
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Demers
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary P. Wills
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Goyal MM, Shen SA, Lehar M, Martinez A, Hiel H, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang C, Sun DQ. A Benchtop Round Window Model for Studying Magnetic Nanoparticle Transport to the Inner Ear. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38379206 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The round window membrane (RWM) presents a significant barrier to the local application of therapeutics to the inner ear. We demonstrate a benchtop preclinical RWM model and evaluate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as vehicles for magnetically assisted drug delivery. METHODS Guinea pig RWM explants were inset into a 3D-printed dual chamber benchtop device. Custom-synthesized 7-nm iron core nanoparticles were modified with different polyethylene glycol chains to yield two sizes of SPIONs (NP-PEG600 and NP-PEG3000) and applied to the benchtop model with and without a magnetic field. Histologic analysis of the RWM was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Over a 4-h period, 19.5 ± 1.9% of NP-PEG3000 and 14.6 ± 1.9% of NP-PEG600 were transported across the guinea pig RWM. The overall transport increased by 1.45× to 28.4 ± 5.8% and 21.0 ± 2.0%, respectively, when a magnetic field was applied. Paraformaldehyde fixation of the RWM decreased transport significantly (NP-PEG3000: 7.6 ± 1.5%; NP-PEG600: 7.0 ± 1.6%). Confocal and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated nanoparticle localization throughout all cellular layers and layer-specific transport characteristics within RWM. CONCLUSION The guinea pig RWM explant benchtop model allows for targeted and practical investigations of transmembrane transport in the development of nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles. The presence of a magnetic field increases SPION delivery by 45%-50% in a nanoparticle size- and cellular layer-dependent manner. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund M Goyal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarek A Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed Lehar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Martinez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hakim Hiel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Q Sun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Tahir D, Geolier V, Dupuis S, Lekouch N, Ferquel E, Choumet V, Varloud M. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Ectoparasiticides in Preventing the Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus: A Canine Ex Vivo Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:202. [PMID: 38258028 PMCID: PMC10819984 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, tick infestation can cause damage ranging from a simple skin irritation to severe diseases and/or paralysis leading to animal death. For example, Ixodes ricinus and I. scapularis are among the tick species incriminated the most in the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of human and canine Lyme borreliosis (LB). In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of two products designed for dogs-an oral systemic ectoparasiticide and a topical repellent ectoparasiticide-against the acquisition of B. burgdorferi by adult I. scapularis and I. ricinus using an ex vivo model. Thirty-two beagle dogs were included in a parallel-group-designed, randomized, single-center, negative-controlled efficacy study. The dogs were allocated to three groups based on gender and body weight: a fluralaner (F, Bravecto®) treatment group (n = 8), administered a single oral treatment on day 0 at the recommended dose; a dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen (DPP, Vectra® 3D) treatment group (n = 8), topically treated on day 56 at the recommended dose; and an untreated control group (n = 16). Blood and hair were collected from each dog on days 58, 63, 70, 77, and 84. Hair was added to the silicone-based membrane separating two glass chambers forming the feeding unit (FU). Chamber 1 was filled with blood spiked with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, strain B31 (105 cells/mL). Chamber 2, glued below chamber 1, was seeded with 20 adult I. scapularis or I. ricinus. The FUs (n = 240) were incubated at 37 °C with a humidity >90%. Tick survival, attachment, and feces presence were observed from 1 h up to 72 h after tick seeding. The uptake of B. burgdorferi was determined in ticks using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The acaricidal efficacy of DPP-treated hair was 100% within 1 h of tick release on every study day for both I. ricinus and I. scapularis. The speed of kill associated with DPP was sufficiently fast to prevent tick attachment and engorgement, and, consequently, to prevent the acquisition of B. burgdorferi. In the F-treated group, the acaricidal efficacy observed at 12 h, throughout the study, was <20% and <28% for I. scapularis and I. ricinus, respectively. Furthermore, tick feces were observed in the FUs, and several female ticks (I. scapularis (n = 55) and I. ricinus (n = 94)) tested positive for B. burgdorferi. The results provide proof of concept for the use of an ex vivo model based on an artificial feeding system to compare two ectoparasiticides against the acquisition of B. burgdorferi by I. ricinus and I. scapularis. In addition, our results demonstrate the superiority of DPP compared to F in the speed of acaricidal activity against ticks, as well as in preventing the acquisition of B. burgdorferi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamel Tahir
- Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (V.G.); (E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Virginie Geolier
- Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (V.G.); (E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Sophie Dupuis
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France;
| | - Nouha Lekouch
- Clinvet Morocco, B.P 301, Mohammedia 28815, Morocco;
| | - Elisabeth Ferquel
- Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (V.G.); (E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (V.G.); (E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Marie Varloud
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France;
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Wang EHC, Barresi-Thornton R, Chen LC, Senna MM, Liao IC, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Bouez C. The Development of Human Ex Vivo Models of Inflammatory Skin Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17255. [PMID: 38139083 PMCID: PMC10743306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional research in inflammatory dermatoses has relied on animal models and reconstructed human epidermis to study these conditions. However, these models are limited in replicating the complexity of real human skin and reproducing the intricate pathological changes in skin barrier components and lipid profiles. To address this gap, we developed experimental models that mimic various human inflammatory skin phenotypes. Human ex vivo skins were stimulated with various triggers, creating models for inflammation-induced angiogenesis, irritation response, and chronic T-cell activation. We assessed the alterations in skin morphology, cellular infiltrates, cytokine production, and epidermal lipidomic profiles. In the pro-angiogenesis model, we observed increased mast cell degranulation and elevated levels of angiogenic growth factors. Both the irritant and chronic inflammation models exhibited severe epidermal disruption, along with macrophage infiltration, leukocyte exocytosis, and heightened cytokine levels. Lipidomic analysis revealed minor changes in the pro-angiogenesis model, whereas the chronic inflammation and irritant models exhibited significant decreases in barrier essential ceramide subclasses and a shift toward shorter acyl chain lengths (
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Chi Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston & Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
| | | | - I-Chien Liao
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ 07066, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ 07066, USA
| | - Qian Zheng
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ 07066, USA
| | - Charbel Bouez
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ 07066, USA
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Mahé D, Bourgeau S, da Silva J, Schlederer J, Satie AP, Kuassivi N, Mathieu R, Guillou YM, Le Tortorec A, Guivel-Benhassine F, Schwartz O, Plotton I, Dejucq-Rainsford N. SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human testis with slow kinetics and has no major deleterious effects ex vivo. J Virol 2023; 97:e0110423. [PMID: 37830818 PMCID: PMC10653996 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01104-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, other organs are infected. Alterations of testosteronemia and spermatozoa motility in infected men have raised questions about testicular infection, along with high level in the testis of ACE2, the main receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter host cells. Using an organotypic culture of human testis, we found that SARS-CoV-2 replicated with slow kinetics in the testis. The virus first targeted testosterone-producing Leydig cells and then germ-cell nursing Sertoli cells. After a peak followed by the upregulation of antiviral effectors, viral replication in the testis decreased and did not induce any major damage to the tissue. Altogether, our data show that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human testis to a limited extent and suggest that testicular damages in infected patients are more likely to result from systemic infection and inflammation than from viral replication in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mahé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Salomé Bourgeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
- University of CAS, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Janaina da Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Schlederer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nadège Kuassivi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Service d‘Urologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Yves-Marie Guillou
- Service de Coordination des prélèvements, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anna Le Tortorec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Cellules Souche et Cerveau (SBRI), UMR_S1208, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail, Université de Rennes, UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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Dubail M, Heinrich S, Portier L, Bastian J, Giuliano L, Aggar L, Berthault N, Londoño-Vallejo JA, Vilalta M, Boivin G, Sharma RA, Dutreix M, Fouillade C. Lung Organotypic Slices Enable Rapid Quantification of Acute Radiotherapy Induced Toxicity. Cells 2023; 12:2435. [PMID: 37887279 PMCID: PMC10605600 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To rapidly assess healthy tissue toxicities induced by new anti-cancer therapies (i.e., radiation alone or in combination with drugs), there is a critical need for relevant and easy-to-use models. Consistent with the ethical desire to reduce the use of animals in medical research, we propose to monitor lung toxicity using an ex vivo model. Briefly, freshly prepared organotypic lung slices from mice were irradiated, with or without being previously exposed to chemotherapy, and treatment toxicity was evaluated by analysis of cell division and viability of the slices. When exposed to different doses of radiation, this ex vivo model showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell division and viability. Interestingly, monitoring cell division was sensitive enough to detect a sparing effect induced by FLASH radiotherapy as well as the effect of combined treatment. Altogether, the organotypic lung slices can be used as a screening platform to rapidly determine in a quantitative manner the level of lung toxicity induced by different treatments alone or in combination with chemotherapy while drastically reducing the number of animals. Translated to human lung samples, this ex vivo assay could serve as an innovative method to investigate patients' sensitivity to radiation and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dubail
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Heinrich
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Portier
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jessica Bastian
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lucia Giuliano
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lilia Aggar
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Berthault
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - José-Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marta Vilalta
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers Company, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gael Boivin
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers Company, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ricky A. Sharma
- Global Translational Science, Varian, a Siemens Healthineers Company, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Paris Saclay University, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75006 Paris, France
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8
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Mariano LC, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, de Sousa Gomes P. Integrative tissue, cellular and molecular responsiveness of an innovative ex vivo model of the Staphylococcus aureus-mediated bone infection. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23166. [PMID: 37650876 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300287rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a pathological condition of the bone, frequently associated with the presence of infectious agents - namely Staphylococcus aureus - that induce inflammation and tissue destruction. Recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology and the identification of innovative therapeutic approaches were gathered from experimental in vitro and in vivo systems. However, cell culture models offer limited representativeness of the cellular functionality and the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, further failing to mimic the three-dimensional tissue organization; and animal models allow for limited mechanistic assessment given the complex nature of systemic and paracrine regulatory systems and are endorsed with ethical constraints. Accordingly, this study aims at the establishment and assessment of a new ex vivo bone infection model, upon the organotypic culture of embryonic chicken femurs colonized with S. aureus, highlighting the model responsiveness at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Upon infection with distinct bacterial inoculums, data reported an initial exponential bacterial growth, followed by diminished metabolic activity. At the tissue level, evidence of S. aureus-mediated tissue destruction was attained and demonstrated through distinct methodologies, conjoined with decreased osteoblastic/osteogenic and increased osteoclastic/osteoclastogenic functionalities-representative of the osteomyelitis clinical course. Overall, the establishment and characterization of an innovative bone tissue infection model that is simple, reproducible, easily manipulated, cost-effective, and simulates many features of human osteomyelitis, further allowing the maintenance of the bone tissue's three-dimensional morphology and cellular arrangement, was achieved. Model responsiveness was further demonstrated, showcasing the capability to improve the research pipeline in bone tissue infection-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Castro Mariano
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Sousa Gomes
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Barbalho GN, Falcão MA, Lopes JMS, Lopes JM, Contarato JLA, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T. Dynamic Ex Vivo Porcine Eye Model to Measure Ophthalmic Drug Penetration under Simulated Lacrimal Flow. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2325. [PMID: 37765293 PMCID: PMC10534681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are still used in the research and development of ophthalmic drug products, mainly due to the difficulty in simulating natural physiological conditions with in vitro models, as there is a lack of dynamic protection mechanisms. Therefore, developing alternative ophthalmic models that evaluate drug penetration in the cornea while applying dynamic protection barriers is a contemporary challenge. This study aimed to develop a dynamic ex vivo model using porcine eyes with a simulated lacrimal flow to evaluate the performance of pharmaceutical drug products. A glass donor cell to support a simulated tear flow was designed, optimized, and custom-made. The system was challenged with different formulations (with fluconazole) including excipients with different viscosities (poloxamer 407) and mucoadhesive properties (chitosan). The results were compared to those obtained from a conventional excised cornea model mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells. The dynamic model could differentiate formulations, while the static model did not, overestimating ex vivo drug penetrated amounts. Hence, the dynamic model with simulated tear flow showed to be a simple and promising new alternative method for the drug penetration of ophthalmic formulations that ultimately can reduce the number of animals used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa N Barbalho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Falcão
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia M Lopes
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonad L A Contarato
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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10
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Fung ES, Parker JA, Monnot AD. Evaluating the Impact of Hair Care Product Exposure on Hair Follicle and Scalp Health. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:323-334. [PMID: 37556725 DOI: 10.1177/02611929231190863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Human hair follicles traverse the epidermis and dermis, and are comprised of specialised cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs). DPCs play a critical role in the development and growth of both hair and follicle structure. While exposure of DPCs to undiluted exogenous compounds is unlikely, exposure to diluted compounds is possible should dermal penetration occur. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact on hair and scalp health following application of a hair care product. Due to the lack of standardised and validated test systems for evaluating hair follicle health, the HairSkin® model, which uses intact human scalp samples, was adapted to evaluate hair follicle and scalp health. Similarly, the Franz diffusion cell assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) were adapted to evaluate dermal penetration. The results of this study demonstrate that application of the hair care product does not result in appreciable dermal penetration, suggesting that DPCs are unlikely to be exposed to undiluted product. Additionally, hair follicle health was not impacted following product application. While this study is exploratory, these results suggest that the combination of test systems utilised herein provides valuable insight and warrants further development and validation.
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11
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Tong Y, Wu Y, Ma J, Ikeda M, Ide T, Griffin CT, Ding XQ, Wang S. Comparative mechanistic study of RPE cell death induced by different oxidative stresses. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102840. [PMID: 37566944 PMCID: PMC10440584 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is hypothesized to drive the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer is important for supporting the function of retina and is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress-induced cell death. How RPE cells die in AMD, especially in geographic atrophy (GA), a late stage of dry AMD, is still controversial. The goal of this study is to compare the features and mechanisms of RPE cell death induced by different oxidative stresses, to identify potential universal therapeutic targets for GA. RPE cell death was induced both in vitro and ex vivo by 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a major product of lipid peroxidation, sodium iodate (NaIO3) that has been widely used to model RPE cell death in dry AMD, a ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) or a necroptosis inducer shikonin. We found that RPE necroptosis and ferroptosis show common and distinct features. Common features include receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1/RIPK3 activation and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, although lipid ROS accumulation is much milder during necroptosis. This supports cross talk between RPE ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways and is consistent with the rescue of RPE necroptosis and ferroptosis by RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or in Ripk3-/- RPE explants. Distinct feature includes activated mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) that is translocated to the cell membrane during necroptosis, which is not happening in ferroptosis. This is consistent with the failure to rescue RPE ferroptosis by MLKL inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA) or in Mlkl-/- RPE explants. Using this framework, we found that 4-HNE and NaIO3 induced RPE cell death likely through necroptosis based on the molecular features and the rescuing effect by multiple inhibitors. Our studies suggest that multiple markers and inhibitors are required to distinguish RPE necroptosis and ferroptosis, and that necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 could be a potential therapeutic compound for GA since it inhibits RIPK1/RIPK3 activation and lipid ROS accumulation occurred in both necroptosis and ferroptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Yinga Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xi-Qin Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA; Tulane Personalized Health Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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12
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Matthe DM, Dinkel M, Schmid B, Vogler T, Neurath MF, Poeck H, Neufert C, Büttner-Herold M, Hildner K. Novel T cell/organoid culture system allows ex vivo modeling of intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253514. [PMID: 37705975 PMCID: PMC10495981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the biggest clinical challenge and prognosis-determining complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Donor T cells are acceptedly key mediators of alloreactivity against host tissues and here especially the gut. In support of previous studies, we found that the intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartment was dynamically regulated in the course of MHC class I full mismatch allo-HSCT. However, while intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) damage endangers the integrity of the intestinal barrier and is a core signature of intestinal GvHD, the question whether and to what degree IELs are contributing to IEC dysregulation is poorly understood. To study lymphoepithelial interaction, we employed a novel ex vivo T cell/organoid co-culture model system. Here, allogeneic intra-epithelial T cells were superior in inducing IEC death compared to syngeneic IEL and allogeneic non-IEL T cells. The ability to induce IEC death was predominately confined to TCRβ+ T cells and was executed in a largely IFNγ-dependent manner. Alloreactivity required a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire since IELs genetically modified to express a TCR restricted to a single, non-endogenous antigen failed to mediate IEC pathology. Interestingly, minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA) mismatch was sufficient to elicit IEL-driven IEC damage. Finally, advanced live cell imaging analyses uncovered that alloreactive IELs patrolled smaller areas within intestinal organoids compared to syngeneic controls, indicating their unique migratory properties within allogeneic IECs. Together, we provide here experimental evidence for the utility of a co-culture system to model the cellular and molecular characteristics of the crosstalk between IELs and IEC in an allogeneic setting ex vivo. In the light of the emerging concept of dysregulated immune-epithelial homeostasis as a core aspect of intestinal GvHD, this approach represents a novel experimental system to e.g. screen therapeutic strategies for their potential to normalize T cell/IEC- interaction. Hence, analyses in pre-clinical in vivo allo-HSCT model systems may be restricted to hereby positively selected, promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Matthe
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Dinkel
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Vogler
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Yao Q, Jiang H, Niu H, Hu G, Cao J, Xue B. Rotatable Bi-Channel En Bloc Resection of Bladder Tumor for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4255. [PMID: 37686531 PMCID: PMC10486726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
En bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) is a promising alternative for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer management. However, the tumor characteristics and surgeon's experience influence its application. Therefore, in this pilot study, we developed a technique called "rotatable bi-channel en bloc resection of bladder tumor (RBC-ERBT)" and assessed its feasibility, efficacy, and safety compared with those of conventional ERBT. In an ex vivo porcine bladder model, 160 bladder lesions of varying morphologies (exophytic and flat) and sizes (1 and 2 cm) were created and evenly distributed across different locations. A total of 160 procedures were performed, with the ERBT and RBC-ERBT group each exhibiting 80 lesions. RBC-ERBT had a significantly higher technical success rate than ERBT (98.8% vs. 77.5%) for exophytic and flat lesions of both sizes and dome lesions. The procedure time was significantly shorter in the RBC-ERBT group, particularly for flat lesions, lesions with a 2 cm diameter, and lesions located at the dome. RBC-ERBT had a significantly lower piecemeal resection rate than ERBT (0% vs. 18.8%). The incidence of perforation or detrusor muscle sampling did not differ between the groups. Compared with conventional ERBT, RBC-ERBT offered improved success rates, reduced resection times, and effective management of challenging lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; (Q.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Huizhong Jiang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China;
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China;
| | - Guangmo Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; (Q.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Jianlong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangjiagang Second People’s Hospital, Zhangjiagang 215633, China;
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; (Q.Y.); (G.H.)
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14
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De Hoon I, Boukherroub R, De Smedt SC, Szunerits S, Sauvage F. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models for Assessing Drug Permeation across the Cornea. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37314950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug permeation across the cornea remains a major challenge due to its unique and complex anatomy and physiology. Static barriers such as the different layers of the cornea, as well as dynamic aspects such as the constant renewal of the tear film and the presence of the mucin layer together with efflux pumps, all present unique challenges for effective ophthalmic drug delivery. To overcome some of the current ophthalmic drug limitations, the identification and testing of novel drug formulations such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles began to be considered and widely explored. In the early stages of corneal drug development reliable in vitro and ex vivo alternatives, are required, to be in line with the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), with such methods being in addition faster and more ethical alternatives to in vivo studies. The ocular field remains limited to a handful of predictive models for ophthalmic drug permeation. In vitro cell culture models are increasingly used when it comes to transcorneal permeation studies. Ex vivo models using excised animal tissue such as porcine eyes are the model of choice to study corneal permeation and promising advancements have been reported over the years. Interspecies characteristics must be considered in detail when using such models. This review updates the current knowledge about in vitro and ex vivo corneal permeability models and evaluates their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès De Hoon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Kato G, Araújo R, Rodrigues C, Gomes PS, Grenho L, Fernandes MH. Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:314. [PMID: 37367277 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements are used in a variety of clinical conditions affecting the pulp tissue, relying on their inductive effect on tissue mineralization. This work aimed to evaluate the biological response of calcium silicate-based cements with distinct properties-the fast-setting Biodentine™ and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and the classical slow-setting ProRoot® MTA, in an ex vivo model of bone development. Briefly, eleven-day-old embryonic chick femurs were cultured for 10 days in organotypic conditions, being exposed to the set cements' eluates and, at the end of the culture period, evaluated for osteogenesis/bone formation by combining microtomographic analysis and histological histomorphometric assessment. ProRoot® MTA and TotalFill® extracts presented similar levels of calcium ions, although significantly lower than those released from BiodentineTM. All extracts increased the osteogenesis/tissue mineralization, assayed by microtomographic (BV/TV) and histomorphometric (% of mineralized area; % of total collagen area, and % of mature collagen area) indexes, although displaying distinct dose-dependent patterns and quantitative values. The fast-setting cements displayed better performance than that of ProRoot® MTA, with BiodentineTM presenting the best performance, within the assayed experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kato
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Ozulumba T, Montalbine AN, Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Pompano RR. New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183286. [PMID: 37234163 PMCID: PMC10206051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Ozulumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Montalbine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Ortiz-Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia (UVA) Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Sousa MADSD, Ferreira AF, da Silva CC, Silva MA, Bazan TAXN, Monteiro CDA, Monteiro ADS, Sousa JCDS, da Silva LCN, Zagmignan A. Development and Characterization of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Based Gels Containing Lactobacilli Strains: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030468. [PMID: 36986568 PMCID: PMC10058878 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a hydroxyethyl cellulose-based topical formulation containing probiotics and to evaluate its antimicrobial action using in vivo and ex vivo models. Initially, the antagonistic effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863, Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-G18-A11 were analyzed against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27853 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 2785. The best action was seen for L. plantarum LP-G18-A11, which presented high inhibition against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Then, lactobacilli strains were incorporated into hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gels (natrosol); however, only the LP-G18-A11-incorporated gels (5% and 3%) showed antimicrobial effects. The LP-G18-A11 gel (5%) maintained its antimicrobial effects and viability up to 14 and 90 days at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively. In the ex vivo assay using porcine skin, the LP-G18-A11 gel (5%) significantly reduced the skin loads of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after 24 h, while only P. aeruginosa was reduced after 72 h. Moreover, the LP-G18-A11 gel (5%) showed stability in the preliminary and accelerated assays. Taken together, the results show the antimicrobial potential of L. plantarum LP-G18-A11, which may be applied in the development of new dressings for the treatment of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Figueiredo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Camila Caetano da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Marcos Andrade Silva
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina de Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratory of Research and Study in Microbiology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís 65030-005, Brazil
| | | | - Joicy Cortez de Sá Sousa
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Laboratory of Odontology, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis Patogenicidade Microbiana, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
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Lacko CS, Chen Q, Mendoza V, Parikh V, Eichenbaum G, Bar-Tal M, Eckert CE, De Leon H, Matonick JP, Sharma T. Development of a clinically relevant ex vivo model of cardiac ablation for testing of ablation catheters. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:682-692. [PMID: 36482158 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reliable ex vivo cardiac ablation models have the potential to increase catheter testing throughput while minimizing animal usage. The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically relevant ex vivo swine model of cardiac ablation displaying minimal variability and high repeatability and identify and optimize key parameters involved in ablation outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS A root cause analysis was conducted to identify variables affecting ablation outcomes. Parameters associated with the tissue, bath media, and impedance were identified. Variables were defined experimentally and/or from literature sources to best mimic the clinical cardiac ablation setting. The model was validated by performing three independent replicates of ex vivo myocardial ablation and a direct comparison of lesion outcomes of the ex vivo swine myocardial and in vivo canine thigh preparation (TP) models. Replicate experiments on the ex vivo model demonstrated low variance in ablation depth (6.5 ± 0.6, 6.3 ± 0.6, 6.2 ± 0.4 mm) and width (10.4 ± 1.1, 9.7 ± 1.0, 9.9 ± 0.9 mm) and no significant differences between replicates. In a direct comparison of the two models, the ex vivo model demonstrated ablation depths similar to the canine TP model at 35 W (6.9 ± 1.0, and 7.0 ± 0.9 mm) and 50 W (8.0 ± 0.7, and 8.4 ± 0.7 mm), as well as similar power to depth ratios (15% and 19% for the ex vivo cardiac and in vivo TP models, respectively). CONCLUSION The ex vivo model exhibited strong lesion reproducibility and power-to-depth ratios comparable to the in vivo TP model. The optimized ex vivo model minimizes animal usage with increased throughput, lesion characteristics similar to the in vivo TP model, and ability to discriminate minor variations between different catheter designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Chen
- Biosense Webster, Inc, Irvine, California, USA
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19
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Kher L, Kelley K, Santoro D. Ultrastructural Analysis of Differences in the Growth and Maturation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Biofilm on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0357722. [PMID: 36779719 PMCID: PMC10100830 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are extremely complex yet systematic microbial structures. Studies comparing the differences in their growth on living and nonliving surfaces by electron microscopy are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ultrastructurally investigate the differences in the growth and development of Staphylococcal biofilm on polycarbonate filters and canine skin explants. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was incubated for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. It was observed that similar amounts of exopolymeric substance (EPS) were deposited on the biofilm on both surfaces, but the biofilm on the skin explants was primarily flat, whereas the biofilm on the membrane developed a multilayered plateaued look. Microcolony formation was only observed on the membrane filter during the early stages of biofilm development. On the membrane biofilms, EPS was observed to be deposited in a distinctive pattern. EPS deposition on the membrane surface was observed to peak before it declined, but on the explant, a constant increase was observed at all time points. Cell exposure to the environment on both the membrane filters and explants differed depending on the stage of biofilm formation. On both the membranes and the skin explants, there was a perceptible difference between the biofilm growth patterns and speeds. The results of this study suggest that data extrapolated from studies on biofilm bactericidal compounds performed on abiotic surfaces (such as polycarbonate filters) may not be entirely applicable to biofilm growing on biotic surfaces (e.g., skin) due to ultrastructural variations revealed in this study. IMPORTANCE Biofilm has been recognized as an important source of antimicrobial resistance. These sessile microbial colonies tend to attach and grow on every surface, biotic and abiotic, and they account for approximately 80% of chronic and recurrent infections. Biofilms are not all alike; they have different structures and microbial compositions. This high variability allows for differences in the production of exopolymer substances, affecting antimicrobial penetration. No studies have been published that simultaneously compare the structure of biofilms grown on abiotic (in vitro) and biotic (ex vivo) surfaces. To identify treatment alternatives, it is essential to understand the differences between biofilms. The results of the study show how biofilm structures and compositions are dependent on the substrate on which they grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Kher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Kelley
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Kar P, Goswami R. Effect of calcitriol and calcium on basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism: experimental models. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:JME-22-0108. [PMID: 36445941 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) is a common complication in hypoparathyroid patients, linked to hyperphosphatemia and altered vitamin-D and calcium homeostasis following conventional therapy. The pathogenesis of BGC in hypoparathyroidism is not clear. Recently, we developed an ex vivo model of BGC using rat-striatal cell culture in 10.0 mmol/L of β-glycerophosphate (31.8 mg/dL phosphate). However, the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D, calcium, and milder phosphate excess on BGC in hypoparathyroidism is not known. This study describes two modified ex vivo models investigating pathogenesis of BGC in 'drug-naïve' and 'conventionally treated' hypoparathyroid state. The first modification involved striatal cells cultured in low concentration 1,25(OH)2D (16.0 pg/mL), ionized calcium(0.99 mmol/L), hPTH(1-34) (6.0 pg/mL), and 2.68 mmol/L (8.3 mg/dL) of phosphate akin to 'drug-naïve' state for 24 days. In second modification, striatal cells were exposed to 46.0 pg/mL of 1,25(OH)2D, normal ionized calcium of 1.17 mmol/L, and 2.20 mmol/L (6.8 mg/dL) of phosphate akin to 'conventionally treated' state. Striatal cell culture under 'drug-naïve' state showed that even 16.0 pg/mL of 1,25(OH)2D enhanced the calcification. In 'conventionally treated' model, striatal cell calcification was enhanced in 54% cases over 'drug-naïve' state. Calcification in 'conventionally treated' state further increased on increasing phosphate to 8.3 mg/dL, suggesting importance of phosphatemic control in hypoparathyroid patients. Striatal cells in 'drug-naïve' state showed increased mRNA expression of pro-osteogenic Wnt3a, Cd133,Vglut-1-neuronal phosphate-transporters, calcium-ion channel-Trvp2,Alp, and Collagen-1α and decreased expression of Ca-II. These models suggest that in 'drug-naïve' state, 1,25(OH)2D along with moderately elevated phosphate increases the expression of pro-osteogenic molecules to induce BGC. Although normalization of calcium in 'conventionally treated' state increased the expression of Opg, Osterix, Alp, and Cav2, calcification increased only in a subset, akin to variation in progression of BGC in hypoparathyroid patients on conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmita Kar
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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21
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De Maesschalck V, Gutiérrez D, Paeshuyse J, Briers Y, Vande Velde G, Lavigne R. A Bioluminescence-Based Ex Vivo Burn Wound Model for Real-Time Assessment of Novel Phage-Inspired Enzybiotics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559047 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance is thriving, prompting the urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs. However, within the preclinical pipeline, in vitro screening conditions can differ significantly from the final in vivo settings. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays, we developed a pig-skin-based bioluminescent ex vivo burn wound infection model, enabling real-time assessment of antibacterials in a longitudinal, non-destructive manner. We provide a proof-of-concept for A. baumannii NCTC13423, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate, which was equipped with the luxCDABE operon as a reporter using a Tn7-based tagging system. This bioluminescence model provided a linear correlation between the number of bacteria and a broad dynamic range (104 to 109 CFU). This longitudinal model was subsequently validated using a fast-acting enzybiotic, 1D10. Since this model combines a realistic, clinically relevant yet strictly controlled environment with real-time measurement of bacterial burden, we put forward this ex vivo model as a valuable tool to assess the preclinical potential of novel phage-inspired enzybiotics.
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22
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Czechowicz P, Nowicka J, Neubauer D, Chodaczek G, Krzyżek P, Gościniak G. Activity of Novel Ultrashort Cyclic Lipopeptides against Biofilm of Candida albicans Isolated from VVC in the Ex Vivo Animal Vaginal Model and BioFlux Biofilm Model-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, clinicians and doctors have become increasingly interested in fungal infections, including those affecting the mucous membranes. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is no exception. The etiology of this infection remains unexplained to this day, as well as the role and significance of asymptomatic vaginal Candida colonization. There are also indications that in the case of VVC, standard methods of determining drug susceptibility to antifungal drugs may not have a real impact on their clinical effectiveness-which would explain, among other things, treatment failures and relapse rates. The aim of the study was to verify the promising results obtained previously in vitro using standard methods, in a newly developed ex vivo model, using tissue fragments of the mouse vagina. The main goal of the study was to determine whether the selected ultrashort cyclic lipopeptides (USCLs) and their combinations with fluconazole at specific concentrations are equally effective against Candida forming a biofilm directly on the surface of the vaginal epithelium. In addition, the verification was also performed with the use of another model for the study of microorganisms (biofilms) in vitro-the BioFlux system, under microfluidic conditions. The obtained results indicate the ineffectiveness of the tested substances ex vivo at concentrations eradicating biofilm in vitro. Nevertheless, the relatively most favorable and promising results were still obtained in the case of combination therapy-a combination of low concentrations of lipopeptides (mainly linear analogs) with mycostatic fluconazole. Additionally, using BioFlux, it was not possible to confirm the previously obtained results. However, an inhibiting effect of the tested lipopeptides on the development of biofilm under microfluidic conditions was demonstrated. There is an incompatibility between the classic in vitro methods, the newer BioFlux method of biofilm testing, offering many advantages postulated elsewhere, and the ex vivo method. This incompatibility is another argument for the need, on the one hand, to intensify research on the pathomechanism of VVC, and, on the other hand, to verify and maybe modify the standard methods used in the determination of Candida susceptibility.
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23
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De Caro V, Angellotti G, D’Agostino F, Di Prima G. Buccal Thin Films as Potent Permeation Enhancers for Cytisine Transbuccal Delivery. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1169. [PMID: 36422161 PMCID: PMC9694529 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytisine (CYT) is a powerful anti-smoking compound which could greatly benefit from transbuccal delivery because of both its unfavorable pharmacokinetics after oral administration and its intrinsic ability to permeate the buccal mucosa. This work aims to design CYT-loaded buccal thin films suitable for transbuccal drug delivery due to its capability of promoting the interaction between CYT and the buccal membrane. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare several thin films combining various excipients such as matrixing polymers, mucoadhesion agents, plasticizers and other compounds as humectants and sweeteners, component ratios and solvents. A total of 36 compositions was prepared and four of them emerged as the most promising in terms of aspect and flexibility. They all demonstrated homogeneity, thinness, low swelling degree, and controlled drug release according to the Power Law and Peppas-Sahlin mathematical models. Mainly, they proved able to interact with the ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa producing mucoadhesive effects, and act as potent permeation enhancers. In particular, Film B emerged as suitable as it produced a 10.6-fold Kp enhancement and a great Js value (52.33 μg/cm2·h-1), even when compared to highly concentrated CYT solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angellotti
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffrè 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio D’Agostino
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità dell’Ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAS—CNR), Campobello di Mazara, 91021 Trapani, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Prima
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Edwards JL, Balthazar JT, Esposito DLA, Ayala JC, Schiefer A, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Alt S, Hesterkamp T, Grosse M, Stadler M, Golparian D, Unemo M, Read TD, Shafer WM. Potent In Vitro and Ex Vivo Anti-Gonococcal Activity of the RpoB Inhibitor Corallopyronin A. mSphere 2022; 7:e0036222. [PMID: 36094073 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00362-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea remains a major global public health problem because of the high incidence of infection (estimated 82 million cases in 2020) and the emergence and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains resistant to previous and current antibiotics used to treat infections. Given the dearth of new antibiotics that are likely to enter clinical practice in the near future, there is concern that cases of untreatable gonorrhea might emerge. In response to this crisis, the World Health Organization (WHO), in partnership with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), has made the search for and development of new antibiotics against N. gonorrhoeae a priority. Ideally, these antibiotics should also be active against other sexually transmitted organisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Mycoplasma genitalium, which are often found with N. gonorrhoeae as co-infections. Corallopyronin A is a potent antimicrobial that exhibits activity against Chlamydia spp. and inhibits transcription by binding to the RpoB switch region. Accordingly, we tested the effectiveness of corallopyronin A against N. gonorrhoeae. We also examined the mutation frequency and modes of potential resistance against corallopyronin A. We report that corallopyronin A has potent antimicrobial action against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains and could eradicate gonococcal infection of cultured, primary human cervical epithelial cells. Critically, we found that spontaneous corallopyronin A-resistant mutants of N. gonorrhoeae are exceedingly rare (≤10-10) when selected at 4× the MIC. Our results support pre-clinical studies aimed at developing corallopyronin A for gonorrheal treatment regimens. IMPORTANCE The high global incidence of gonorrhea, the lack of a protective vaccine, and the emergence of N. gonorrhoeae strains expressing resistance to currently used antibiotics demand that new treatment options be developed. Accordingly, we investigated whether corallopyronin A, an antibiotic which is effective against other pathogens, including C. trachomatis, which together with gonococci frequently cause co-infections in humans, could exert anti-gonococcal action in vitro and ex vivo, and potential resistance emergence. We propose that corallopyronin A be considered a potential future treatment option for gonorrhea because of its potent activity, low resistance development, and recent advances in scalable production.
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Te N, Rodon J, Creve R, Pérez M, Segalés J, Vergara-Alert J, Bensaid A. Evaluation of alpaca tracheal explants as an ex vivo model for the study of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Vet Res 2022; 53:67. [PMID: 36056449 PMCID: PMC9438371 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) poses a serious threat to public health. Here, we established an ex vivo alpaca tracheal explant (ATE) model using an air-liquid interface culture system to gain insights into MERS-CoV infection in the camelid lower respiratory tract. ATE can be infected by MERS-CoV, being 103 TCID50/mL the minimum viral dosage required to establish a productive infection. IFNs and antiviral ISGs were not induced in ATE cultures in response to MERS-CoV infection, strongly suggesting that ISGs expression observed in vivo is rather a consequence of the IFN induction occurring in the nasal mucosa of camelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigeer Te
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rhea Creve
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinàriaia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain. .,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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Laman JD. Cutting edge technologies in chronic inflammation research. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31 Suppl 1:17-21. [PMID: 36059185 PMCID: PMC9539701 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This concise review provides the broad background and selection from the literature for a Keynote lecture at EHSF 2022 on state of the art technologies in inflammation research, with an emphasis on disease of the skin and the nervous system. The value of ex vivo skin explant models is discussed, as well as the innovative use of animal models, wherein the crucial roles of antigen experience and "wild" microbiota are emphasized. Spectral flow cytometry allowing large surface marker panels to be explored is touched upon, as well as multiplex technology for cytokines and other analytes important for inflammation and tissue damage. Single-cell sequencing and in situ transcriptomics (spatial profiling) now provide exciting granular information on functional cell subsets, interactions and plasticity. A selection of novel research and diagnostic tools for antibodies against linear peptides or gangliosides is presented. Finally, the review discusses a new anti-inflammatory strategy against skin inflammation with a panel of protease inhibitors derived from the protein fraction of industrial starch potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Motamedi M, Amini A, Yazdanpanah S, Mahmoodi M, Khodadadi H, Zalpoor H. Evaluation of different DNA extraction methods based on steel-bullet beating for molecular diagnosis of onychomycosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24657. [PMID: 35989493 PMCID: PMC9550968 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering increased trends toward molecular methods for detection/identification of fungi causing onychomycosis, the aim of this study is comparison three DNA extraction methods based on steel-bullet beating to extract DNA from nail. METHODS Ex -vivo onychomycosis model was developed using bovine hoof with Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. For two models, total DNA was extracted using the three different methods. In method 1, the extraction and purification were performed by steel-bullet beating and phenol chloroform protocol, respectively. In method 2, a freezing step were applied before beating. The purification step in method 3 was carried out using a commercial kit, although DNA extraction was done similarly to method 1 in that approach. To evaluate the efficacy of each method, the extracted genomic DNA was amplified with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions. Moreover, 50 nail samples were evaluated for onychomycosis using direct microscopy examination as well as PCR in order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the optimal DNA extraction method. RESULTS Regarding the desirable quality of the extracted DNA, cost effectiveness, and simplicity, method 1 could be used to extract DNA effectively. Additionally, the obtained data showed that PCR had a higher detection rate of fungal agents in the nail samples than direct microscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the mechanical disruption of the cell wall by steel-bullet beating is a useful and practical method to improve the quantity and quality of fungal DNA thorough the extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdulbaqi Amini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khodadadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical
- Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Siences, Shiraz, Iran
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Maselli D, Matos RS, Johnson RD, Martella D, Caprettini V, Chiappini C, Camelliti P, Campagnolo P. Porcine Organotypic Epicardial Slice Protocol: A Tool for the Study of Epicardium in Cardiovascular Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:920013. [PMID: 35924218 PMCID: PMC9339655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.920013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium has recently gained interest in the cardiovascular field due to its capacity to support heart regeneration after ischemic injury. Models to study the epicardium of large animals in vitro are limited and mainly based on epicardial cell isolation/differentiation from stem cells, followed by 2D cells culture. In this method paper, we describe the procedure to obtain and culture 3D organotypic heart slices presenting an intact epicardium, as a novel model to study the epicardial physiology and activation. Epicardial slices are obtained from porcine hearts using a high-precision vibratome and retain a healthy epicardial layer embedded in its native extracellular environment and connected with other cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, vascular cells etc.). Epicardial slices can be cultured for 72 h, providing an ideal model for studying the epicardium physiology or perform pharmacological interventions/gene therapy approaches. We also report on methods to assesses the viability and composition of the epicardial slices, and evaluate their architecture in 3D through tissue decoloration. Finally, we present a potential application for a nanomaterial-based gene transfer method for tracking of epicardial cells within the slice. Crucially, given the similarity in morphology and physiology of porcine heart with its human counterpart, our system provides a platform for translational research while providing a clinically relevant and ethical alternative to the use of small animals in this type of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maselli
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando S. Matos
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Johnson
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Martella
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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29
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Comas JC, Harris HMB, Strain C, Stanton C, Hill C, Corsetti A, Gahan CGM. Impact of Food Origin Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains on the Human Intestinal Microbiota in an in vitro System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832513. [PMID: 35450287 PMCID: PMC9016340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously isolated and characterized food-dwelling strains of Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum that are consumed naturally as part of the microbiota of table olives and raw milk cheeses. Despite being consumed at relatively high levels, the impact of such strains on the human gut microbiota is currently unclear. In the current study we evaluated the potential impact of food-dominant Lpb. plantarum strains on the human gut microbiota using a continuous fecal fermentation system. Daily inoculation of Lpb. plantarum strains led to significant, detectable levels in the fecal fermentation system. We examined the impact of the presence of Lpb. plantarum on the microbiota derived from two separate donors. For one donor, Lpb. plantarum increased alpha diversity and beta diversity. This was reflected in significant alterations in abundance of the unclassified genera, dominated by Enterobacteriaceae_unclass and Ruminococcaceae_unclass. The microbiota of the other donor was relatively unaffected following introduction of the Lpb. plantarum strains. Overall, the work describes the response of the human microbiota to the introduction of high levels of food-dominant Lpb. plantarum strains and indicates that the response may reflect interindividual differences between donor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Hugh M B Harris
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall Strain
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Netto ART, Hurst J, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Schnichels S. Porcine Corneas Incubated at Low Humidity Present Characteristic Features Found in Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4567. [PMID: 35562958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease that affects the ocular surface and tear fluid. Current treatment options include lubricant eye drop application several times a day. However, these eye drops often cause local side effects like ocular allergies or blurred vision after the application. To test new treatment options, a robust dry eye model is needed. Here, a porcine ex vivo model was established by means of incubation of porcine corneas in low humidity (LH) and characterized by histological damage evaluation, epithelial thickness and by relevant dry eye markers, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), occludin and galectin-3. In the dry eye model proposed, an increased secretion of IL-1β was observed, as well as an upregulation of NF-κB, occludin and galectin-3 mRNA expression. Moreover, the model presented a higher rate of cell death in comparison to the controls. These effects could be reversed with successful treatment of dexamethasone (dexa) and partially reversed with hyaluronic acid (HA) containing eye drops. Furthermore, medium-molecular-weight HA stimulated an increase in IL-1β in the model proposed. In conclusion, this dry eye model mimics the in vivo condition and hence allows for animal-free testing of novel dry eye treatments.
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Vargas-Macías AP, Gómez-Gaviria M, García-Carnero LC, Mora-Montes HM. Current Models to Study the Sporothrix-Host Interaction. Front Fungal Biol 2022; 3:833111. [PMID: 37746241 PMCID: PMC10512367 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.833111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide distributed subcutaneous mycosis that affects mammals, including human beings. The infection is caused by members of the Sporothrix pathogenic clade, which includes Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa. The fungus can be acquired through traumatic inoculation of conidia growing in vegetal debris or by zoonotic transmission from sick animals. Although is not considered a life-threatening disease, it is an emergent health problem that affects mostly immunocompromised patients. The sporotrichosis causative agents differ in their virulence, host range, and sensitivity to antifungal drugs; therefore, it is relevant to understand the molecular bases of their pathogenesis, interaction with immune effectors, and mechanisms to acquired resistance to antifungal compounds. Murine models are considered the gold standard to address these questions; however, some alternative hosts offer numerous advantages over mammalian models, such as invertebrates like Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor, or ex vivo models, which are useful tools to approach questions beyond virulence, without the ethical or budgetary features associated with the use of animal models. In this review, we analyze the different models currently used to study the host-Sporothrix interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Abstract
The small intestine is a digestive organ that has a complex and dynamic ecosystem, which is vulnerable to the risk of pathogen infections and disorders or imbalances. Many studies have focused attention on intestinal mechanisms, such as host–microbiome interactions and pathways, which are associated with its healthy and diseased conditions. This review highlights the intestine models currently used for simulating such normal and diseased states. We introduce the typical models used to simulate the intestine along with its cell composition, structure, cellular functions, and external environment and review the current state of the art for in vitro cell-based models of the small intestine system to replace animal models, including ex vivo, 2D culture, organoid, lab-on-a-chip, and 3D culture models. These models are described in terms of their structure, composition, and co-culture availability with microbiomes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential application for the aforementioned techniques to these in vitro models. The review concludes with a summary of intestine models from the viewpoint of current techniques as well as their main features, highlighting potential future developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Myung Jung
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Paulsen MJ, Cuartas MM, Imbrie-Moore A, Wang H, Wilkerson R, Farry J, Zhu Y, Ma M, MacArthur JW, Woo YJ. Biomechanical engineering comparison of four leaflet repair techniques for mitral regurgitation using a novel 3-dimensional-printed left heart simulator. JTCVS Tech 2021; 10:244-51. [PMID: 34977730 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitral valve repair is the gold standard treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation; however, a multitude of repair techniques exist with little quantitative data comparing these approaches. Using a novel ex vivo model, we sought to evaluate biomechanical differences between repair techniques. Methods Using porcine mitral valves mounted within a custom 3-dimensional-printed left heart simulator, we induced mitral regurgitation using an isolated P2 prolapse model by cutting primary chordae. Next, we repaired the valves in series using the edge-to-edge technique, neochordoplasty, nonresectional remodeling, and classic leaflet resection. Hemodynamic data and chordae forces were measured and analyzed using an incomplete counterbalanced repeated measures design with the healthy pre-prolapse valve as a control. Results With the exception of the edge-to-edge technique, all repair methods effectively corrected mitral regurgitation, returning regurgitant fraction to baseline levels (baseline 11.9% ± 3.7%, edge-to-edge 22.5% ± 6.9%, nonresectional remodeling 12.3% ± 3.0%, neochordal 13.4% ± 4.8%, resection 14.7% ± 5.5%, P < 0.01). Forces on the primary chordae were minimized using the neochordal and nonresectional techniques whereas the edge-to-edge and resectional techniques resulted in significantly elevated primary forces. Secondary chordae forces also followed this pattern, with edge-to-edge repair generating significantly higher secondary forces and leaflet resection trending higher than the nonresectional and neochord repairs. Conclusions Although multiple methods of degenerative mitral valve repair are used clinically, their biomechanical properties vary significantly. Nonresectional techniques, including leaflet remodeling and neochordal techniques, appear to result in lower chordal forces in this ex vivo technical engineering model.
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Doornebal EJ, Harris N, Riva A, Jagatia R, Pizanias M, Prachalias A, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Zen Y, Orford MR, Eaton S, Heaton N, Ramage J, Palma E, Srirajaskanthan R, Chokshi S. Human Immunocompetent Model of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases Recapitulates Patient-Specific Tumour Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:909180. [PMID: 35909511 PMCID: PMC9326114 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine liver metastases (LM-NEN) develop in a considerable proportion of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. There is a paucity of experimental models that accurately recapitulate this complex metastatic human liver microenvironment precluding scientific and clinical advancements. Here, we describe the development of a novel personalised immunocompetent precision cut tumour slice (PCTS) model for LM-NEN using resected human liver tissue. The histological assessment throughout the culture demonstrated that slices maintain viability for at least 7 days and retain the cellular heterogeneity of the original tumour. Essential clinical features, such as patient-specific histoarchitecture, tumour grade, neuroendocrine differentiation and metabolic capacity, are preserved in the slices. The PCTS also replicate the tumor-specific immunological profile as shown by the innate and adaptive immunity markers analysis. Furthermore, the study of soluble immune checkpoint receptors in the culture supernatants proves that these immunomodulators are actively produced by LM-NEN and suggests that this process is epithelium-dependent. This model can be employed to investigate these pathways and provides a powerful platform for mechanistic, immunological and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Jan Doornebal
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Harris
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Jagatia
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michail Pizanias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Robert Orford
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ramage
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
| | - Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
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Villar-Matamoros E, Stokes L, Lloret A, Todd M, Tillman BW, Yazdani SK. Understanding the Mechanism of Drug Transfer and Retention of Drug-Coated Balloons. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:10742484221119559. [PMID: 35972237 PMCID: PMC9549471 DOI: 10.1177/10742484221119559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of varying inflation parameters on paclitaxel delivery and retention using a commercially available DCB. Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have become the standard treatment for peripheral artery disease. Clinical data suggest that varying DCB delivery parameters directly impact patient outcome. Differences in delivery parameters can potentially alter the retention of the drug coating on DCBs. Methods: Harvested porcine carotid arteries were utilized in an ex vivo pulsatile flow bioreactor system. The DCBs were then deployed at a DCB-to-artery ratio of 1:1 or 1.25:1, an inflation time of 30 seconds or 1 minute and transit time of 30 seconds or 3 minutes. The amount of drug retention in arterial tissue was evaluated by pharmacokinetic analysis at 1 hour and 1 day post DCB deployment. Results: Arterial paclitaxel levels were found to be less at an inflation ratio of 1:1 with 3-minute transit time as compared to 30 seconds of transit time at 1 hour (12.3 ± 1.6 ng/mg vs. 391 ± 139 ng/mg, P = .036). At 1-day, DCBs deployed at a ratio of 1:1 resulted in less drug retention as compared to 1.25:1 (61.3 ± 23.1 ng/mg vs. 404 ± 195 ng/mg, P = .013). Conclusion: Arterial paclitaxel retention is reduced with extended transit times and sub-optimal expansion of the balloon. Optimization of delivery parameters can serve as an effective strategy to enhance clinical DCB outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Stokes
- Department of Engineering, 8676Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa Lloret
- Department of Engineering, 8676Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Meagan Todd
- Department of Engineering, 8676Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bryan W Tillman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saami K Yazdani
- Department of Engineering, 8676Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ghiselli F, Rossi B, Piva A, Grilli E. Assessing Intestinal Health. In Vitro and Ex vivo Gut Barrier Models of Farm Animals: Benefits and Limitations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:723387. [PMID: 34888373 PMCID: PMC8649998 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.723387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal performance is determined by the functionality and health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Complex mechanisms and interactions are involved in the regulation of GIT functionality and health. The understanding of these relationships could be crucial for developing strategies to improve animal production yields. The concept of "gut health" is not well defined, but this concept has begun to play a very important role in the field of animal science. However, a clear definition of GIT health and the means by which to measure it are lacking. In vitro and ex vivo models can facilitate these studies, creating well-controlled and repeatable conditions to understand how to improve animal gut health. Over the years, several models have been developed and used to study the beneficial or pathogenic relationships between the GIT and the external environment. This review aims to describe the most commonly used animals' in vitro or ex vivo models and techniques that are useful for better understanding the intestinal health of production animals, elucidating their benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ghiselli
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Piva
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
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Piao J, Park SJ, Lee H, Kim J, Park S, Lee N, Kim SI, Lee M, Song G, Lee JC, Kim HS. Ideal Nozzle Position During Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy in an Ex Vivo Model. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5489-5498. [PMID: 34732419 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is known to show uneven distribution and penetration of agents based on the nozzle position. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ideal nozzle position for maximizing drug delivery during PIPAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created 2 cm-, 4 cm- and 8 cm-ex vivo models according to the distance from the bottom to the nozzle using 21×15×16 cm-sized sealable plastic boxes. After each set of eight normal peritoneal tissues from swine were placed at eight different points (A to H), we performed PIPAC, compared the methylene blue staining areas to investigate the distribution, and estimated the depth of concentrated diffusion (DCD) and the depth of maximal diffusion (DMD) of doxorubicin. RESULTS In terms of distribution, the 4 cm- and 8 cm-ex vivo models showed more stained faces than the 2 cm-ex vivo model. Regarding the penetration depth, the 4 cm- ex vivo model showed the highest DCD (mean; 244.1 μm, C; 105.1 μm, D; 80.9 μm, E; 250.2 μm, G; 250.2 μm, H) and DMD (mean; 174.8 μm, D; 162.7 μm, E; 511.7 μm, F; 522.2 μm, G; 528.1 μm, H) in the most points corresponding to 62.5%. CONCLUSION The ideal nozzle position during PIPAC might be halfway between the nozzle inlet and the bottom in the ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Piao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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Mönch D, Koch J, Maaß A, Janssen N, Mürdter T, Renner P, Fallier-Becker P, Solaß W, Schwab M, Dahlke MH, Schlitt HJ, Leibold T. A human ex vivo coculture model to investigate peritoneal metastasis and innovative treatment options. Pleura Peritoneum 2021; 6:121-129. [PMID: 34676285 PMCID: PMC8482451 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is commonly observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The outcome of these patients is poor, with an average survival of only six months without therapy, which requires a better understanding of PM biology and new treatment strategies. Methods We established and characterized a human ex vivo peritoneal model to investigate the mechanisms of peritoneal seeding and possible treatment options. For this, CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumor organoids were cultured together with human peritoneum to investigate the invasion of malignant cells and the effects of local chemotherapy. Results Fresh human peritoneum was cultured for up to three weeks in a stainless steel ring system, allowing for survival of all peritoneal structures. Peritoneal cell survival was documented by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Further, immunohistological characterization of the tissue revealed CD3-positive T-lymphocytes and vimentin-positive fibroblasts within the peritoneum. In addition, extracellular matrix components (collagens, matrix metalloproteinases) were localized within the tissue. Coculture with CRC cell lines and patient-derived CRC organoids revealed that cancer cells grew on the peritoneum and migrated into the tissue. Coculture with CRC cells confirmed that hyperthermal treatment at 41 °C for 90 min significantly enhanced the intracellular entry of doxorubicin. Moreover, treatment with mitomycin C under hyperthermic conditions significantly reduced the amount of cancer cells within the peritoneum. Conclusions This human ex vivo peritoneal model provides a stringent and clinically relevant platform for the investigation of PM and for further elucidation of possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mönch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Koch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Maaß
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mürdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Renner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.,University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Solaß
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc-H Dahlke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Leibold
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Uchida Y, Gherardini J, Pappelbaum K, Chéret J, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Gross CC, Strbo N, Gilhar A, Rossi A, Funk W, Kanekura T, Almeida L, Bertolini M, Paus R. Resident human dermal γδT-cells operate as stress-sentinels: Lessons from the hair follicle. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102711. [PMID: 34479087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Murine γδT-cells have stress-surveillance functions and are implicated in autoimmunity. Yet, whether human γδT-cells are also stress sentinels and directly promote autoimmune responses in the skin is unknown. Using a novel (mini-)organ assay, we tested if human dermis resident γδT-cells can recognize stressed human scalp hair follicles (HFs) to promote an alopecia areata (AA)-like autoimmune response. Accordingly, we show that γδT-cells from healthy human scalp skin are activated (CD69+), up-regulate the expression of NKG2D and IFN-γ, and become cytotoxic when co-cultured with autologous stressed HFs ex vivo. These autologous γδT-cells induce HF immune privilege collapse, dystrophy, and premature catagen, i.e. three hallmarks of the human autoimmune HF disorder, AA. This is mediated by CXCL12, MICA, and in part by IFN-γ and CD1d. In conclusion, human dermal γδT-cells exert physiological stress-sentinel functions in human skin, where their excessive activity can promote autoimmunity towards stressed HFs that overexpress CD1d, CXCL12, and/or MICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Dr. Med. Funk, Munich, Germany
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC, And Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Dorrigiv D, Simeone K, Communal L, Kendall-Dupont J, St-Georges-Robillard A, Péant B, Carmona E, Mes-Masson AM, Gervais T. Microdissected Tissue vs Tissue Slices-A Comparative Study of Tumor Explant Models Cultured On-Chip and Off-Chip. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4208. [PMID: 34439362 PMCID: PMC8394960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting patient responses to anticancer drugs is a major challenge both at the drug development stage and during cancer treatment. Tumor explant culture platforms (TECPs) preserve the native tissue architecture and are well-suited for drug response assays. However, tissue longevity in these models is relatively low. Several methodologies have been developed to address this issue, although no study has compared their efficacy in a controlled fashion. We investigated the effect of two variables in TECPs, specifically, the tissue size and culture vessel on tissue survival using micro-dissected tumor tissue (MDT) and tissue slices which were cultured in microfluidic chips and plastic well plates. Tumor models were produced from ovarian and prostate cancer cell line xenografts and were matched in terms of the specimen, total volume of tissue, and respective volume of medium in each culture system. We examined morphology, viability, and hypoxia in the various tumor models. Our observations suggest that the viability and proliferative capacity of MDTs were not affected during the time course of the experiments. In contrast, tissue slices had reduced proliferation and showed increased cell death and hypoxia under both culture conditions. Tissue slices cultured in microfluidic devices had a lower degree of hypoxia compared to those in 96-well plates. Globally, our results show that tissue slices have lower survival rates compared to MDTs due to inherent diffusion limitations, and that microfluidic devices may decrease hypoxia in tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dorrigiv
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kayla Simeone
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Jennifer Kendall-Dupont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Amélie St-Georges-Robillard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.D.); (K.S.); (L.C.); (J.K.-D.); (A.S.-G.-R.); (B.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Martin
- University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Aachen, Germany;
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Saguie BO, Martins RL, Fonseca ADSD, Romana-Souza B, Monte-Alto-Costa A. An ex vivo model of human skin photoaging induced by UVA radiation compatible with summer exposure in Brazil. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 221:112255. [PMID: 34271412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest body organ and can be affected by several factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation is subdivided in UVA, UVB and UVC according to the radiation wavelength. UVC radiation does not cross the ozone layer; UVB cause DNA damage and is closely related to carcinogenesis; UVA radiation penetrates deeply into the skin, reaching epidermis and dermis and is considered the main promoter of skin aging, known as photoaging. In order to understand photoaging mechanisms and propose efficient therapies, several photoaging study models have been developed, each with benefits and limitations, but most of them use very high doses of UVA radiation, which is not compatible with our daily sun exposure. The objective of this work was to develop a human ex vivo photoaging model induced by UVA exposure compatible to a summer in Brazil. For this, human skin fragments were obtained from healthy donors who underwent otoplasty surgery and skin explants were prepared and placed in plates, with the epidermis facing upwards. Skin explants were exposed to UVA at 16 J/cm2 carried out by protocols of 2 or 4 exposures. Results showed an increase of oxidative damage, inflammatory cells, collagenolytic and elastolytic MMPs expression as well as a decrease of elastin expression, suggesting that the experimental model based on skin explants is able to evaluate UVA-induced aging in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Oliveira Saguie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Avenida Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Lopes Martins
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Avenida Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Av Professor Manoel de Abreu 444, 20950-170 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Avenida Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Avenida Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
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Radosevic A, Prieto D, Burdío F, Berjano E, Prakash P, Trujillo M. Short pulsed microwave ablation: computer modeling and ex vivo experiments. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:409-420. [PMID: 33719808 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1894358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the differences between continuous and short-pulse mode microwave ablation (MWA). METHODS We built a computational model for MWA including a 200 mm long and 14 G antenna from Amica-Gen and solved an electromagnetic-thermal coupled problem using COMSOL Multiphysics. We compared the coagulation zone (CZ) sizes created with pulsed and continuous modes under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. The model was used to compare long vs. short pulses, and 1000 W high-powered short pulses. Ex vivo experiments were conducted to validate the model. RESULTS The computational models predicted the axial diameter of the CZ with an error of 2-3% and overestimated the transverse diameter by 9-11%. For short pulses, the ex vivo computer modeling results showed a trend toward larger CZ when duty cycles decreases. In general, short pulsed mode yielded higher CZ diameters and volumes than continuous mode, but the differences were not significant (<5%), as in terms of CZ sphericity. The same trends were observed in the simulations mimicking in vivo conditions. Both CZ diameter and sphericity were similar with short and long pulses. Short 1000 W pulses produced smaller sphericity and similar CZ sizes under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of the CZ created by continuous and pulsed MWA show no significant differences from ex vivo experiments and computer simulations. The proposed idea of enlarging coagulation zones and improving their sphericity in pulsed mode was not evident in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radosevic
- Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Prieto
- BioMIT, Department of Applied Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Berjano
- BioMIT, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Macarena Trujillo
- BioMIT, Department of Applied Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Pasrija C, Quinn R, Ghoreishi M, Eperjesi T, Lai E, Gorman RC, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Pouch A, Cortez FV, D'Ambra MN, Gammie JS. A Novel Quantitative Ex Vivo Model of Functional Mitral Regurgitation. Innovations (Phila) 2021; 15:329-337. [PMID: 32830572 DOI: 10.1177/1556984520930336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Durability of mitral valve (MV) repair for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) remains suboptimal. We sought to create a highly reproducible, quantitative ex vivo model of FMR that functions as a platform to test novel repair techniques. METHODS Fresh swine hearts (n = 10) were pressurized with air to a left ventricular pressure of 120 mmHg. The left atrium was excised and the altered geometry of FMR was created by radially dilating the annulus and displacing the papillary muscle tips apically and radially in a calibrated fashion. This was continued in a graduated fashion until coaptation was exhausted. Imaging of the MV was performed with a 3-dimensional (3D) structured-light scanner, which records 3D structure, texture, and color. The model was validated using transesophageal echocardiography in patients with normal MVs and severe FMR. RESULTS Compared to controls, the anteroposterior diameter in the FMR state increased 32% and the annular area increased 35% (P < 0.001). While the anterior annular circumference remained fixed, the posterior circumference increased by 20% (P = 0.026). The annulus became more planar and the tenting height increased 56% (9 to 14 mm, P < 0.001). The median coaptation depth significantly decreased (anterior leaflet: 5 vs 2 mm; posterior leaflet: 7 vs 3 mm, P < 0.001). The ex vivo normal and FMR models had similar characteristics as clinical controls and patients with severe FMR. CONCLUSIONS This novel quantitative ex vivo model provides a simple, reproducible, and inexpensive benchtop representation of FMR that mimics the systolic valvular changes of patients with FMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Pasrija
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachael Quinn
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehrdad Ghoreishi
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Eperjesi
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Eric Lai
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Robert C Gorman
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Joseph H Gorman
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Robert C Gorman
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Alison Pouch
- 6572 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Felino V Cortez
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael N D'Ambra
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James S Gammie
- 12264 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Oldenburger A, Birk G, Schlepütz M, Broermann A, Stierstorfer B, Pullen SS, Rippmann JF. Modulation of vascular contraction via soluble guanylate cyclase signaling in a novel ex vivo method using rat precision-cut liver slices. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00768. [PMID: 34014044 PMCID: PMC8135082 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic processes in the liver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients cause microcirculatory dysfunction in the organ which increases blood vessel resistance and causes portal hypertension. Assessing blood vessel function in the liver is challenging, necessitating the development of novel methods in normal and fibrotic tissue that allow for drug screening and translation toward pre-clinical settings. Cultures of precision cut liver slices (PCLS) from normal and fibrotic rat livers were used for blood vessel function analysis. Live recording of vessel diameter was used to assess the response to endothelin-1, serotonin and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activation. A cascade of contraction and relaxation events in response to serotonin, endothelin-1, Ketanserin and sGC activity could be established using vessel diameter analysis of rat PCLS. Both the sGC activator BI 703704 and the sGC stimulator Riociguat prevented serotonin-induced contraction in PCLS from naive rats. By contrast, PCLS cultures from the rat CCl4 NASH model were only responsive to the sGC activator, thus establishing that the sGC enzyme is rendered non-responsive to nitric oxide under oxidative stress found in fibrotic livers. The role of the sGC pathway for vessel relaxation of fibrotic liver tissue was identified in our model. The obtained data shows that the inhibitory capacities on vessel contraction of sGC compounds can be translated to published preclinical data. Altogether, this novel ex vivo PCLS method allows for the differentiation of drug candidates and the translation of therapeutic approaches towards the clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach a.d. RissGermany
| | - Gerald Birk
- Target Discovery SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Andre Broermann
- CardioMetabolic Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach a.d. RissGermany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Target Discovery SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Steven S. Pullen
- CardioMetabolic Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRidgefieldCTUSA
| | - Jörg F. Rippmann
- Cancer Immunology+Immune ModulationBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach a.d. RissGermany
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Kar P, Millo T, Saha S, Mahtab S, Agarwal S, Goswami R. Osteogenic Mechanisms of Basal Ganglia Calcification and its ex vivo Model in the Hypoparathyroid Milieu. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128830. [PMID: 33539507 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Basal-ganglia calcification (BGC) is common (70%) in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. Interestingly, cortical gray matter is spared from calcification. The mechanism of BGC, role of hyperphosphatemia, and modulation of osteogenic molecules by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its pathogenesis is not clear. OBJECTIVE We assessed the expression of a large repertoire of molecules with proosteogenic or antiosteogenic effects, including neuroprogenitor cells in caudate, dentate, and cortical gray matter from normal autopsy tissues. The effect of high phosphate and PTH was assessed in an ex vivo model of BGC using striatum tissue culture of the Sprague-Dawley rat. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of 39 molecules involved in multiple osteogenic pathways were assessed in 25 autopsy tissues using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The striatal culture was maintained in a hypoparathyroid milieu for 24 days with and without (a) high phosphate (10-mm β-glycerophosphate) and (b) PTH(1-34) (50 ng/mL Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-F12 media) for their effect on striatal calcification and osteogenic molecules. RESULTS Procalcification molecules (osteonectin, β-catenin, klotho, FZD4, NT5E, LRP5, WNT3A, collagen-1α, and SOX2-positive neuroprogenitor stem cells) had significantly higher expression in the caudate than gray matter. Caudate nuclei also had higher expression of antiosteogenic molecules (osteopontin, carbonic anhydrase-II [CA-II], MGP, sclerostin, ISG15, ENPP1, and USP18). In an ex vivo model, striatum culture showed an increased propensity for calcified nodules with mineral deposition similar to that of bone tissue on Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, alizarin, and von Kossa stain. Mineralization in striatal culture was enhanced by high phosphate and decreased by exogenous PTH through increased expression of CA-II. CONCLUSION This study provides a conceptual advance on the molecular mechanisms of BGC and the possibility of PTH therapy to prevent this complication in a hypoparathyroid milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tabin Millo
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Soma Saha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Samrina Mahtab
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Brunet K, Arrivé F, Martellosio JP, Lamarche I, Marchand S, Rammaert B. Corticosteroids alter alveolar macrophage control of Lichtheimia corymbifera spores in an ex vivo mouse model. Med Mycol 2020; 59:694-700. [PMID: 33369666 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first-line lung defense against Mucorales in pulmonary mucormycosis. Since corticosteroid use is a known risk factor for mucormycosis, the aim of this study was to describe the role of corticosteroids on AM capacities to control Lichtheimia corymbifera spore growth using a new ex vivo model. An in vivo mouse model was developed to determine the acetate cortisone dose able to trigger pulmonary invasive infection. Then, in the ex vivo model, male BALB/c mice were pretreated with the corticosteroid regimen triggering invasive infection, before AM collection through bronchoalveolar lavage. AMs from corticosteroid-treated mice and untreated control AMs were then exposed to L. corymbifera spores in vitro (ratio 1:5). AM control of fungal growth, adherence/phagocytosis, and oxidative burst were assessed using optical densities by spectrophotometer, flow cytometry, and 2', 7'-dichlorofluoresceine diacetate fluorescence, respectively. Cortisone acetate at 500 mg/kg, at D-3 and at D0, led to pulmonary invasive infection at D3. Co-incubated spores and AMs from corticosteroid-treated mice had significantly higher absorbance (fungal growth) than co-incubated spores and control AMs, at 24 h (P = .025), 36 h (P = .004), and 48 h (P = .001). Colocalization of spores with AMs from corticosteroid-treated mice was significantly lower than for control AMs (7.6 ± 1.9% vs 22.3 ± 5.8%; P = .003), reflecting spore adherence and phagocytosis inhibition. Finally, oxidative burst was significantly increased when control AMs were incubated with spores (P = 0.029), while corticosteroids hampered oxidative burst from treated AMs (P = 0.321). Corticosteroids enhanced fungal growth of L. corymbifera through AM phagocytosis inhibition and burst oxidative decrease in our ex vivo model. LAY SUMMARY The aim of this study was to describe the impact of corticosteroids on alveolar macrophage (AM) capacities to control Mucorales growth in a new murine ex vivo model. Corticosteroids enhanced fungal growth of L. corymbifera through AM phagocytosis inhibition and burst oxidative decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Brunet
- INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, service de Mycologie-Parasitologie, Département des agents infectieux, Poitiers, France
| | - François Arrivé
- INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Martellosio
- INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Sandrine Marchand
- INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, service de Toxicologie et Pharmacocinétique, Poitiers, France
| | - Blandine Rammaert
- INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Poitiers, France
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Zabirnyk A, Perez MDM, Blasco M, Stensløkken KO, Ferrer MD, Salcedo C, Vaage J. A Novel Ex Vivo Model of Aortic Valve Calcification. A Preliminary Report. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568764. [PMID: 33390945 PMCID: PMC7773652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No pharmacological treatment exists to prevent or stop the calcification process of aortic valves causing aortic stenosis. The aim of this study was to develop a robust model of induced calcification in whole aortic valve leaflets which could be suitable for studies of the basic mechanisms and for testing potentially inhibitory drugs. Methods: Pig hearts were obtained from a commercial abattoir. The aortic valve leaflets were dissected free and randomized between experimental groups. Whole leaflets were cultured in individual wells. Two growth media were used for cultivation: standard growth medium and an antimyofibroblastic growth medium. The latter was employed to inhibit contraction of the leaflet into a ball-like structure. Calcification was induced in the growth medium by supplementation with an osteogenic medium. Leaflets were cultivated for four weeks and medium was changed every third day. To block calcification, the inhibitor SNF472 (a formulation of the hexasodium salt of myo-inositol hexaphosphate hexasodium salt) was used at concentrations between 1 and 100 µM. After cultivation for four weeks the leaflets were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at −80 °C until blind assessment of the calcium amount in leaflets by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. For statistical analysis, a Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test was applied. Results: Osteodifferentiation with calcium accumulation was in principle absent when standard medium was used. However, when the antimyofibroblastic medium was used, a strong calcium accumulation was induced (p = 0.006 compared to controls), and this was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the calcification inhibitor SNF472 (p = 0.008), with an EC50 of 3.3 µM. Conclusion: A model of experimentally induced calcification in cultured whole leaflets from porcine aortic valves was developed. This model can be useful for studying the basic mechanisms of valve calcification and to test pharmacological approaches to inhibit calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsenii Zabirnyk
- Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marc Blasco
- Sanifit Therapeutics, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jarle Vaage
- Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Harrington NE, Sweeney E, Harrison F. Building a better biofilm - Formation of in vivo-like biofilm structures by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a porcine model of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Biofilm 2020; 2:100024. [PMID: 33381751 PMCID: PMC7762787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung are highly resistant to current antimicrobial treatments and are associated with increased mortality rates. The existing models for such infections are not able to reliably mimic the clinical biofilms observed. We aimed to further optimise an ex vivo pig lung (EVPL) model for P. aeruginosa CF lung infection that can be used to increase understanding of chronic CF biofilm infection. The EVPL model will facilitate discovery of novel infection prevention methods and treatments, and enhanced exploration of biofilm architecture. We investigated purine metabolism and biofilm formation in the model using transposon insertion mutants in P. aeruginosa PA14 for key genes: purD, gacA and pelA. Our results demonstrate that EVPL recapitulates a key aspect of in vivo P. aeruginosa infection metabolism, and that the pathogen forms a biofilm with a clinically realistic structure not seen in other in vitro studies. Two pathways known to be required for in vivo biofilm infection - the Gac regulatory pathway and production of the Pel exopolysaccharide - are essential to the formation of this mature, structured biofilm on EVPL tissue. We propose the high-throughput EVPL model as a validated biofilm platform to bridge the gap between in vitro work and CF lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh E. Harrington
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Sweeney
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Demers I, Donkers J, Kremer B, Speel EJ. Ex Vivo Culture Models to Indicate Therapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:E2527. [PMID: 33238461 PMCID: PMC7700693 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a poor 5 year survival and varying response rates to both standard-of-care and new treatments. Despite advances in medicine and treatment methods, mortality rates have hardly decreased in recent decades. Reliable patient-derived tumor models offer the chance to predict therapy response in a personalized setting, thereby improving treatment efficacy by identifying the most appropriate treatment regimen for each patient. Furthermore, ex vivo tumor models enable testing of novel therapies before introduction in clinical practice. A literature search was performed to identify relevant literature describing three-dimensional ex vivo culture models of HNSCC to examine sensitivity to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the currently used three-dimensional ex vivo culture models for HNSCC with their advantages and limitations, including culture success percentage and comparison to the original tumor. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential of these models to predict patient therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Demers
- Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Johan Donkers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Ernst Jan Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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