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Dong H, Qiao J, Hou S, Ran H, Sun W, Lin B, Han Y, Yu C, Li Y. Potentialities of Dandelion (Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) Flower Extracts on Gastric Protection against Helicobacter Pylori and Characterization of its Bioactive Constituents. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400140. [PMID: 38568379 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dandelion has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Our study aimed to identify the effect and mechanism of dandelion flower extracts on H. pylori-induced gastritis and screen for novel antimicrobial substances. METHODS Anti-H. pylori activities of water extracts(WEDF) and ethanol extracts (EEDF) of dandelion flowers were performed with disk diffusion method assay, MIC, and MBC. The H. pylori-induced model was constructed to examine the gastroprotective of EEDF using RUT, pathological analysis, and ELISA. RESULTS EEDF exhibited better anti- H. pylori and urease inhibition activities than WEDF. In vivo studies, EEDF can reduce the adhesion of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa, alleviate gastric damage, and concurrently reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in gastric tissues. The six phenolic compounds showed urease inhibition effect (IC50: 2.99±0.15 to 66.08±6.46 mmol/mL). Among them, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin also had anti-H. pylori activity (MIC: 64-256 μg/mL). CONCLUSION EEDF exhibited anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Chicoric acid and luteolin may be the main active compounds of dandelion flowers to exert anti-H. pylori, and worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiasen Qiao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengyao Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haoqi Ran
- Zhifu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 264000, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- School of Life Science and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Benfan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 121017, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Tavernese A, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Muscoli C, Tomino C, Rosano GM, Fini M, Volterrani M, Silvestrini B, Mollace V. Efficacy and Safety of Novel Aspirin Formulations: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010187. [PMID: 35057084 PMCID: PMC8779026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose aspirin represents the best option in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, but its extensive use in primary prevention is limited by the occurrence of gastric mucosal lesions and increased risk of bleeding. We investigated the safety profile of a novel sublingual aspirin formulation in 200 healthy volunteers, randomly assigned to ten (n = 20 each) different 7-day once-daily treatment regimens. Gastric mucosal injury based on the modified Lanza score (MLS), the histopathology of gastric mucosa and the serum determination of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels were evaluated at basal as well as after 7 days of each placebo or aspirin treatment regimen. In Groups A and B (placebo—oral and sublingual, respectively), no changes in MLS and in gastric mucosal micro-vessel diameter were found at day 7. In contrast, in Groups C and D (oral standard aspirin—100 and 50 mg daily, respectively), the median MLS was significantly increased. Very few changes were found in Groups E and F (standard sublingual aspirin—100 and 50 mg, respectively). Groups G and H (oral administration of micronized collagen-cogrinded aspirin) showed gastric protection compared to Groups C and D. Moreover, Groups I and L (sublingual collagen-cogrinded aspirin—100 and 50 mg, respectively) showed a significant reduction (Group I) or total abolition (Group L) of gastric mucosal lesions and no difference compared to the standard one in serum TXB2 and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels. In conclusion, our data show that the new formulation leads to a better safety profile compared to standard aspirin, representing a better therapeutic option for extended use in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Carlo Tomino
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Rosano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimo Fini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Silvestrini
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (A.T.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (B.S.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (G.M.R.); (M.F.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Heuer J, Heuer F, Stürmer R, Harder S, Schlüter H, Braga Emidio N, Muttenthaler M, Jechorek D, Meyer F, Hoffmann W. The Tumor Suppressor TFF1 Occurs in Different Forms and Interacts with Multiple Partners in the Human Gastric Mucus Barrier: Indications for Diverse Protective Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072508. [PMID: 32260357 PMCID: PMC7177788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TFF1 is a protective peptide of the Trefoil Factor Family (TFF), which is co-secreted with the mucin MUC5AC, gastrokine 2 (GKN2), and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP) from gastric surface mucous cells. Tff1-deficient mice obligatorily develop antropyloric adenoma and about 30% progress to carcinomas, indicating that Tff1 is a tumor suppressor. As a hallmark, TFF1 contains seven cysteine residues with three disulfide bonds stabilizing the conserved TFF domain. Here, we systematically investigated the molecular forms of TFF1 in the human gastric mucosa. TFF1 mainly occurs in an unusual monomeric form, but also as a homodimer. Furthermore, minor amounts of TFF1 form heterodimers with GKN2, FCGBP, and an unknown partner protein, respectively. TFF1 also binds to the mucin MUC6 in vitro, as shown by overlay assays with synthetic 125I-labeled TFF1 homodimer. The dominant presence of a monomeric form with a free thiol group at Cys-58 is in agreement with previous studies in Xenopus laevis and mouse. Cys-58 is likely highly reactive due to flanking acid residues (PPEEEC58EF) and might act as a scavenger for extracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species protecting the gastric mucosa from damage by oxidative stress, e.g., H2O2 generated by dual oxidase (DUOX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Heuer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Heuer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - René Stürmer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dörthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Stürmer R, Reising J, Hoffmann W. The TFF Peptides xP1 and xP4 Appear in Distinctive Forms in the Xenopus laevis Gastric Mucosa: Indications for Different Protective Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6052. [PMID: 31801293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric secretory trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides xP1 and xP4 are the Xenopus laevis orthologs of mammalian TFF1 and TFF2, respectively. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular forms of xP1 and xP4 in the X. laevis gastric mucosa by FPLC. xP1 mainly occurred in a monomeric low-molecular-mass form and only a minor subset is associated with the mucus fraction. The occurrence of monomeric xP1 is unexpected because of its odd number of cysteine residues. Probably a conserved acidic residue flanking Cys55 allows monomeric secretion. Furthermore, Cys55 is probably post-translationally modified. For the first time, we hypothesize that the free thiol of monomeric xP1-and probably also its mammalian ortholog TFF1-could have a protective scavenger function, e.g., for reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. In contrast, xP4 mainly occurs in a high-molecular-mass form and is non-covalently bound to a mucin similarly as TFF2. In vitro binding studies with radioactively labeled porcine TFF2 even showed binding to X. laevis gastric mucin. Thus, xP4 is expected to bind as a lectin to an evolutionary conserved sugar epitope of the X. laevis ortholog of mucin MUC6 creating a tight mucus barrier. Taken together, xP1 and xP4 appear to have different gastric protective functions.
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Araujo e Silva AC, de Oliveira Lemos F, Gomes MTR, Salas CE, Lopes MTP. Role of gastric acid inhibition, prostaglandins and endogenous-free thiol groups on the gastroprotective effect of a proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:133-41. [PMID: 25213103 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to extend our knowledge about the mechanism involved in the gastroprotective effect of P1G10, a proteolytic fraction rich in cysteine proteinases from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis (syn. Carica candamarcensis) latex, which demonstrated gastric healing and protection activities in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were submitted to gastric lesions by indomethacin and treated with P1G10 (10 mg/kg). Free thiol groups and prostaglandin E2 content were measured in gastric mucosal and gastrin levels in blood samples. To evaluate the participation of nitric oxide (NO) or proteolytic activity of P1G10 on its gastroprotective effect, animals were treated with an inhibitor of NO production (L-NAME) or the fraction inhibited by iodoacetamide, respectively. Gastric secretion study (acidity and pepsin activity) was also performed. KEY FINDINGS P1G10 (10 mg/kg) inhibited the occurrence of gastric lesions by indomethacin, restored the free thiol groups content on gastric mucosa and increased moderately prostaglandin E2 levels (34%). Furthermore, the treatment decreased the gastrin levels (95%), suggesting a possible modulation of secretory activity. This effect was accordant with attenuation of gastric acidity (42%) and pepsin activity (69%) seen in animals subjected to pyloric ligation. The inhibition of NO production or the proteolytic activity of P1G10 does not affect the gastroprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS These results can explain the gastroprotective activity of P1G10 and serve a basis for further studies of this active principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Candida Araujo e Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Activation of medullary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), at a dose subthreshold to increase gastric acid secretion, protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury through vagal cholinergic pathways in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Peripheral mediators involve the efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive splanchnic afferents leading to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent gastric vasodilatory mechanisms. In addition, gastric prostaglandins participate in gastric protection through mechanisms independent of the stimulation of gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus secretion. Medullary TRH has physiological relevance in the vagal-dependent adaptive gastric protection induced by mild (acid or ethanol), followed by strong, irritants. Additional neuropeptides, namely peptide YY (PYY), somatostatin analogues, CGRP and adrenomedullin, also act in the brainstem to induce a vagal-dependent gastric protection against ethanol through interactions with their specific receptors in the medulla. Central PYY and adrenomedullin act through vagal cholinergic prostaglandins and NO pathways, while somatostatin analogue acts through vagal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal peptide and NO mechanisms. Although their biological relevance is still to be established, these peptides provide additional tools to investigate the multiple vagal-dependent mechanisms which increase the resistance of the gastric mucosa to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Taché
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Kaneko
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Kawakubo
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Kato
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Á Király
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H Yang
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Division and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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