1
|
Mitrofanov AY, Murashkina AV, Lyssenko KA, Beletskaya IP. Switchable Selectivity in the Annulation of o-Trifluoroacetylanilines and Activated Terminal Alkynes Based on Transition Metal and Phosphine Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302357. [PMID: 37593935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed selective methods for the synthesis of quinoline-2-carboxylates and quinoline-3-carboxylates as well as (indolin-2-ylidene)acetates through copper-, silver-, or phosphine-catalyzed reaction of propiolates with 2'-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenones. The approaches proposed ensure synthesis of substituted quinoline carboxylates and (indolin-2-ylidene)acetates in good yields. Introduction of alkynones into the reaction with 2'-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenones gives acyl substituted derivatives in good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu Mitrofanov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Arina V Murashkina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Yu Z, Li J, Xiao Y. Versatile Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks: β-CF(3)-1,3-enynes. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of diversity-oriented synthesis based on fluorine-containing building blocks has been one of the hot research fields in fluorine chemistry. β-CF3-1,3-enynes, as one type of fluorine-containing building blocks, have attracted more attention in the last few years due to their distinct reactivity. Numerous value-added trifluoromethylated or non-fluorinated compounds which have biologically relevant structural motifs, such as O-, N-, and S-heterocycles, carboncycles, fused polycycles, and multifunctionalized allenes were synthesized from these fluorine-containing building blocks. This review summarizes the most significant developments in the area of synthesis of organofluorine compounds based on β-CF3-1,3-enynes, providing a detailed overview of the current state of the art.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Fluorinated organoboron compounds are important synthetic building blocks that combine the unique characteristics of a fluorinated motif with the versatile synthetic applications of organoboron moiety. This review article guides the research on fluorinated organoboron compounds mainly from four aspects in recent years: selective monodefluoroborylation of polyfluoroarenes and polyfluoroalkenes, selective borylation of fluorinated substrates, selective fluorination of organoboron compounds, and borofluorination of alkynes/olefins. In addition, this review will provide a necessary guidance and inspiration for the research on the valuable synthetic building block fluorinated organoboron compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province
University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhijie Kuang
- Institute
of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science
Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key
Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province
University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Institute
of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science
Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olifir OS, Chernykh AV, Dobrydnev AV, Grygorenko OO, Moroz YS, Voitenko ZV, Radchenko DS. Multigram Synthesis of Advanced 6,6-Difluorospiro[3.3]heptane-derived Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:6541-6550. [PMID: 35095338 PMCID: PMC8791643 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A convenient methodology for constructing 6,6-difluorospiro[3.3]heptane scaffold - a conformationally restricted isostere of gem-difluorocycloalkanes - is developed. Alarge array of novel 2-mono- and 2,2-bifunctionalized difluorospiro[3.3]heptane building blocks was obtained through the convergent synthesis strategy using a common synthetic precursor - 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)-3,3-difluorocyclobutane. The target compounds and intermediates were prepared by short reaction sequences (6-10 steps) on multigram scale (up to 0.47 kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Olifir
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexey V Dobrydnev
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy S Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Ilukstes iela 38-5, Riga, LV-1082, Latvia
| | - Zoia V Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang K, Rombach D, Nötel NY, Jeschke G, Katayev D. Radical Trifluoroacetylation of Alkenes Triggered by a Visible-Light-Promoted C-O Bond Fragmentation of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22487-22495. [PMID: 34289531 PMCID: PMC8518413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a mild and operationally simple trifluoroacylation strategy of olefines, that utilizes trifluoroacetic anhydride as a low‐cost and readily available reagent. This light‐mediated process is fundamentally different from conventional methodologies and occurs through a trifluoroacyl radical mechanism promoted by a photocatalyst, which triggers a C−O bond fragmentation. Mechanistic studies (kinetic isotope effects, spectroelectrochemistry, optical spectroscopy, theoretical investigations) highlight the evidence of a fleeting CF3CO radical under photoredox conditions. The trifluoroacyl radical can be stabilized under CO atmosphere, delivering the trifluoroacetylation product with higher chemical efficiency. Furthermore, the method can be turned into a trifluoromethylation protocol by simply changing the reaction parameters. Beyond simple alkenes, this method allows for chemo‐ and regioselective functionalization of small‐molecule drugs and common pharmacophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Rombach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Yannick Nötel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parman E, Lõkov M, Järviste R, Tshepelevitsh S, Semenov NA, Chulanova EA, Salnikov GE, Prima DO, Slizhov YG, Leito I, Zibarev AV. Acid-Base and Anion Binding Properties of Tetrafluorinated 1,3-Benzodiazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole and 2,1,3-Benzoselenadiazole. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2329-2335. [PMID: 34397136 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The influence of fluorination on the acid-base properties and the capacity of structurally related 6-5 bicyclic compounds - 1,3-benzodiazole 1, 1,2,3-benzotriazole 2 and 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole 3 to σ-hole interactions, i. e. hydrogen (1 and 2) and chalcogen (3) bondings, is studied experimentally and computationally. The tetrafluorination increases the Brønsted acidity of the diazole and triazole scaffolds and the Lewis acidity of selenadiazole scaffold decreases the basicity. Increased Brønsted acidity facilitates anion binding via the formation of hydrogen bonds; particularly, tetrafluorinated derivative of 1 (compound 4) binds Cl- . Increased Lewis acidity of tetrafluorinated derivative of 3 (compound 10), however, is not enough for binding with Cl- and F- via chalcogen bonds in contrast to previously studied Te analog of 10. It is suggested that the maximum positive values of molecular electrostatic potential at the σ-holes, VS,max , can be a reasonable metric for design and synthesis of new anion receptors with selenadiazole-diazole/triazole hybrids as a special target. Related chlorinated compounds are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Parman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Lõkov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robert Järviste
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nikolay A Semenov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Chulanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy E Salnikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Darya O Prima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri G Slizhov
- Department of Chemistry, National Research University - Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In this minireview, we explore the different approaches used to perform the hydrofluorination reaction of alkenes. Contrary to other hydrohalogenation reactions, the hydrofluorination requires specific conditions due to the lower reactivity of HF. Over the years, many different approaches have been explored among which the use of HF complexes has particularly proved to be useful as these reagents are easier to handle. The enantioselective hydrofluorination has been demonstrated using electrophilic sources of fluorine, while radical fluorination proved compatible with a vast range of functional groups that are generally problematic with strong acids and some fluoride sources. This review will cover the different conditions developed through the years, starting with the first reported addition using gaseous HF, up to the most recent method described in October 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bertrand
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR, 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalim J, Duhail T, Pietrasiak E, Anselmi E, Magnier E, Togni A. Direct Trifluoromethylation of Alcohols Using a Hypervalent Iodosulfoximine Reagent. Chemistry 2021; 27:2638-2642. [PMID: 33241882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct trifluoromethylation of a variety of aliphatic alcohols using a hypervalent iodosulfoximine reagent afforded the corresponding ethers in moderate to good yields (14-72 %). Primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols, including examples derived from natural products, underwent this transformation in the presence of catalytic amounts of zinc bis(triflimide). Typical reaction conditions involved a neat mixture of 6.0 equivalents of the alcohol with 1.0 equivalent of the reagent, with the majority of reactions complete within 2 h with 2.5 mol % of the Lewis acid catalyst. Furthermore, experimental evidence was provided that the C-O bond-forming process occurred via the coordination of the alcohol to the iodine atom and subsequent reductive elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorna Kalim
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Duhail
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Ewa Pietrasiak
- Pahong University of Science and Technology, Pahong, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Supranovich VI, Dmitriev IA, Dilman AD. Synthesis of tetrafluorinated piperidines from nitrones via a visible-light-promoted annelation reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 16:3104-3108. [PMID: 33437323 PMCID: PMC7783028 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the one-step construction of 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorinated piperidines from nitrones and readily accessible tetrafluorinated iodobromobutane is described. The reaction requires an excess amount of ascorbic acid as the terminal reductant and is performed in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst activated by blue light. The annelation is a result of a radical addition at the nitrone, intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and reduction of the N–O bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav I Supranovich
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Dmitriev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation.,Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guérin T, Pikun NV, Morioka R, Panossian A, Hanquet G, Leroux FR. Synthesis and Use of Trifluoromethylthiolated Ketenimines. Chemistry 2020; 26:14852-14855. [PMID: 32501592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated ketenimines is herein described. They are easily synthesized from the corresponding α-trifluoromethylthiolated oximes upon activation with triflic anhydride and a base. The presumed nitrilium ion resulting from the Beckmann rearrangement is deprotonated to lead to the key intermediate, whose stability brought by the fluorinated substituent was unforeseeable. The reaction of these new building blocks with a variety of nucleophiles affords a vast array of cyclic and acyclic products bearing the valuable SCF3 moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guérin
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Nadiia V Pikun
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Ryutaro Morioka
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Gilles Hanquet
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buchsteiner M, Martinez‐Rodriguez L, Jerabek P, Pozo I, Patzer M, Nöthling N, Lehmann CW, Fürstner A. Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination of Copper Carbene Complexes: Preparative Advances and a Mechanistic Rationale. Chemistry 2020; 26:2509-2515. [PMID: 31916634 PMCID: PMC7065061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed reaction of substituted α-diazoesters with fluoride gives α-fluoroesters with ee values of up to 95 %, provided that chiral indane-derived bis(oxazoline) ligands are used that carry bulky benzyl substituents at the bridge and moderately bulky isopropyl groups on their core. The apparently homogeneous solution of CsF in C6 F6 /hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is the best reaction medium, but CsF in the biphasic mixture CH2 Cl2 /HFIP also provides good results. DFT studies suggest that fluoride initially attacks the Cu- rather than the C-atom of the transient donor/acceptor carbene intermediate. This unusual step is followed by 1,2-fluoride shift; for this migratory insertion to occur, the carbene must rotate about the Cu-C bond to ensure orbital overlap. The directionality of this rotatory movement within the C2 -symmetric binding site determines the sense of induction. This model is in excellent accord with the absolute configuration of the resulting product as determined by X-ray diffraction using single crystals of this a priori wax-like material grown by capillary crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Jerabek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
- Present Address: Nanotechnology DepartmentHelmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht21502GeesthachtGermany
| | - Iago Pozo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Michael Patzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Silla JM, Andrade LAF, Freitas MP. Influence of stereoelectronic effects on the 1 J C─F spin-spin coupling constant in fluorinated heterocyclic compounds. Magn Reson Chem 2019; 57:373-379. [PMID: 30776853 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Perlin effect and its analog for fluorinated compounds (the fluorine Perlin-like effect) manifest on one-bond C─H (C─F for the fluorine Perlin-like effect) spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) in six-membered rings. These effects can be useful to probe the stereochemistry (axial or equatorial) of the C─H and C─F bonds, respectively. The origin of these effects has been debatable in the literature as being due to hyperconjugative interactions, dipolar effects, and induced current density. Accordingly, a variety of model compounds has been used to probe such effects since the cyclohexanone carbonyl group and the endocyclic heteroatom lone pairs play different roles on the above-mentioned effects. Thus, the 1 JC─F SSCC in fluorinated lactams and lactones were theoretically studied to gain further insight on the nature of the fluorine Perlin-like effect. In addition, because the intramolecular α-effect has recently gained attention for its importance in the reactivity and stereoelectronic interactions in peroxide compounds, some fluorinated 1,2-dioxanes and 1,2-dithianes were studied to evaluate the role of the α-effect on the behavior of 1 JC─F SSCCs. Differently from fluorinated ketones and ethers, the fluorine Perlin-like effect in the amides and esters cannot be explained by hyperconjugative or dipolar interactions alone, because the resonance in these groups affect the 1 JC─F values. The O─O and S─S-containing systems exhibit a strong fluorine Perlin-like effect, but unlike the α-effect, this behavior cannot be explained neither by hyperconjugation nor by dipolar interactions alone; the spatial proximity of the C─F and O─O/S─S bonds is proposed to affect the magnitude of the 1 JC─F SSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué M Silla
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Laize A F Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jelier BJ, Tripet PF, Pietrasiak E, Franzoni I, Jeschke G, Togni A. Radical Trifluoromethoxylation of Arenes Triggered by a Visible-Light-Mediated N-O Bond Redox Fragmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13784-13789. [PMID: 29927506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple trifluoromethoxylation method enables non-directed functionalization of C-H bonds on a range of substrates, providing access to aryl trifluoromethyl ethers. This light-driven process is distinctly different from conventional procedures and occurs through an OCF3 radical mechanism mediated by a photoredox catalyst, which triggers an N-O bond fragmentation. The pyridinium-based trifluoromethoxylation reagent is bench-stable and provides access to synthetic diversity in lead compounds in an operationally simple manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson J Jelier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal F Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Pietrasiak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Franzoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Supranovich VI, Levin VV, Struchkova MI, Hu J, Dilman AD. Visible light-mediated difluoroalkylation of electron-deficient alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1637-1641. [PMID: 30013689 PMCID: PMC6036985 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the reductive difluoroalkylation of electron-deficient alkenes using 1,1-difluorinated iodides mediated by irradiation with blue light is described. The reaction involves radical addition of 1,1-difluorinated radicals at the double bond followed by hydrogen atom transfer from sodium cyanoborohydride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav I Supranovich
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thuronyi BW, Privalsky TM, Chang MCY. Engineered Fluorine Metabolism and Fluoropolymer Production in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13637-13640. [PMID: 28861937 PMCID: PMC5818260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine has become an important element for the design of synthetic molecules for use in medicine, agriculture, and materials. Despite the many advantages provided by fluorine for tuning key molecular properties, it is rarely found in natural metabolism. We seek to expand the molecular space available for discovery through the development of new biosynthetic strategies that cross synthetic with natural compounds. Towards this goal, we engineered a microbial host for organofluorine metabolism and show that we can achieve the production of the fluorinated diketide 2-fluoro-3-hydroxybutyrate at approximately 50 % yield. This fluorinated diketide can be used as a monomer in vivo to produce fluorinated poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) bioplastics with fluorine substitutions ranging from around 5-15 %. This system provides a platform to produce mm flux through the key fluoromalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) building block, thereby offering the potential to generate a broad range of fluorinated small-molecule targets in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Thuronyi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Thomas M Privalsky
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Photoredox-Controlled Mono- and Di-Multifluoroarylation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds with Aryl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7266-7270. [PMID: 28514050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A controllable mono- and di-multifluoroarylation of acyclic and cyclic N-aryl amines with aryl fluorides by photocatalyzed dual C(sp3 )-H/C(sp2 )-F functionalization has been developed, providing new access to a wide array of valuable α-fluoroarylated amines. In addition, the one-pot consecutive hetero-di-multifluoroarylation of N-aryl pyrrolidines and N,N-dimethylanilines was achieved with high to excellent diastereoselectivity. This new defluorinative C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) coupling is distinguished by a broad scope, good regioselectivity, and mild conditions as well as gram-scale and late-stage applicability, and thus constitutes a significant advance in the arylation of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds with aryl fluorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Howard JK, Müller M, Berry A, Nelson A. An Enantio- and Diastereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α-Fluoro β-Hydroxy Carboxylic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6767-70. [PMID: 27090612 PMCID: PMC5074308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trans‐o‐hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate aldolase‐catalysed reactions between fluoropyruvate and many (hetero)aromatic aldehydes yield aldol adducts without subsequent dehydration. Treatment of the reaction products with hydrogen peroxide yields the corresponding syn‐configured α‐fluoro β‐hydroxy carboxylic acids which have >98 % ee. The overall chemoenzymatic approach, in which fluoropyruvate serves as a fluoroacetate equivalent, may be exploited in the synthesis of polar building blocks and fragments with potential value in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James K Howard
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marion Müller
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alan Berry
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cook AM, Wolf C. Efficient Access to Multifunctional Trifluoromethyl Alcohols through Base-Free Catalytic Asymmetric C-C Bond Formation with Terminal Ynamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2929-33. [PMID: 26806871 PMCID: PMC4806781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric addition of terminal ynamides to trifluoromethyl ketones with a readily available chiral zinc catalyst gives CF3 -substituted tertiary propargylic alcohols in up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee. The exclusion of organozinc additives and base as well as the general synthetic utility of the products are key features of this reaction. The value of the β-hydroxy-β-trifluoromethyl ynamides is exemplified by selective transformations to chiral Z- and E-enamides, an amide, and N,O-ketene acetals. The highly regioselective hydration, stereoselective reduction, and hydroacyloxylation reactions proceed with high yields and without erosion of the ee value of the parent β-hydroxy ynamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zemtsov AA, Volodin AD, Levin VV, Struchkova MI, Dilman AD. Coupling of α,α-difluoro-substituted organozinc reagents with 1-bromoalkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2145-9. [PMID: 26664635 PMCID: PMC4660974 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α,α-Difluoro-substituted organozinc reagents generated from conventional organozinc compounds and difluorocarbene couple with 1-bromoalkynes affording gem-difluorinated alkynes. The cross-coupling proceeds in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper iodide in dimethylformamide under ligand-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem A Zemtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Volodin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation ; Higher Chemical College, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047 Moscow, Miusskaya sq. 9, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sittaramane V, Padgett J, Salter P, Williams A, Luke S, McCall R, Arambula JF, Graves VB, Blocker M, Van Leuven D, Bowe K, Heimberger J, Cade HC, Immaneni S, Shaikh A. Discovery of Quinoline-Derived Trifluoromethyl Alcohols, Determination of Their in vivo Toxicity and Anticancer Activity in a Zebrafish Embryo Model. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1802-7. [PMID: 26388134 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the rational design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of quinoline-derived trifluoromethyl alcohols were evaluated. Members of this novel class of trifluoromethyl alcohols were identified as potent growth inhibitors in a zebrafish embryo model. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out with an sp(3) -C-H functionalization strategy of methyl quinolines with trifluoromethyl ketones. A zebrafish embryo model was also used to explore the toxicity of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)butanoate (1), 2-benzyl-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-(quinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (2), and trifluoro-3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-ol (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be more toxic than compound 1; apoptotic staining assays indicated that compound 3 causes increased cell death. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed that compound 2, with an LC50 value of 14.14 μm, has more potent anticancer activity than cisplatin. This novel class of inhibitors provides a new direction in the discovery of effective anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Jihan Padgett
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Philip Salter
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Shauntelle Luke
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8042, USA
| | - Rebecca McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Vincent B Graves
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Mark Blocker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - David Van Leuven
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Keturah Bowe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Julia Heimberger
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Hannah C Cade
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Supriya Immaneni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA
| | - Abid Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, 521 College of Education Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krishnamurthy MS, Begum NS. Crystal structure of ethyl 6-(2-fluoro-phen-yl)-4-hy-droxy-2-sulfanyl-idene-4-tri-fluoro-meth-yl-1,3-diazinane-5-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o268-o269. [PMID: 25995898 PMCID: PMC4420055 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015005836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H14F4N2O3S, the central di-hydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a sofa conformation with the C atom bearing the 2-fluoro-benzene ring displaced by 0.596 (3) Å from the other five atoms. The 2-fluoro-benzene ring is positioned axially and bis-ects the pyrimidine ring with a dihedral angle of 70.92 (8)°. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) ring. The crystal structure features C-H⋯F, N-H⋯S and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Noor Shahina Begum
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 001, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cormanich RA, Rittner R, O'Hagan D, Bühl M. Inter- and intramolecular CF···C=O interactions on aliphatic and cyclohexane carbonyl derivatives. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:25-33. [PMID: 25903504 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Weak inter- and intra- molecular C(δ+)F(δ-)···C(δ+)=O(δ-) interactions were theoretically evaluated in 4 different sets of compounds at different theoretical levels. Intermolecular CH3F···C=O interactions were stabilizing by about 1 kcal mol(-1) for various carbonyl containing functional groups. Intramolecular CF···C=O interactions were also detected in aliphatic and fluorinated cyclohexane carbonyl derivatives. However, the stabilization provided by intramolecular CF···C=O interactions was not enough to govern the conformational preferences of compounds 2-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cormanich
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom.,Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rittner
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berkessel A, Das S, Pekel D, Neudörfl JM. Anion-binding catalysis by electron-deficient pyridinium cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11660-4. [PMID: 25208746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new activation principle in organocatalysis is presented: halide binding through Coulombic interactions. This mode of catalysis was realized by using 3,5-di(carbomethoxy)pyridinium ions that carry an additional electron-withdrawing substituent on the nitrogen atom, for example, pentafluorobenzyl or cyanomethyl. For the N-pentafluorobenzyl derivative, Coulombic interaction with the pyridinium moiety is complemented in the solid state by anion-π interactions with the perfluorophenyl ring. Bromide and chloride are bound by these cations in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Catalysis of the C-C coupling between 1-chloroisochroman (and related electrophiles) with silyl ketene acetals occurs at -78 °C and at low catalyst loading (2 mol%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Berkessel
- Cologne University, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne (Germany) http://www.berkessel.de.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|