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Feracci M, Hernandez S, Garlatti L, Mondielli C, Vincentelli R, Canard B, Reguera J, Ferron F, Alvarez K. Biophysical and structural study of La Crosse virus endonuclease inhibition for the development of new antiviral options. IUCrJ 2024; 11:374-383. [PMID: 38656310 PMCID: PMC11067750 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252400304x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The large Bunyavirales order includes several families of viruses with a segmented ambisense (-) RNA genome and a cytoplasmic life cycle that starts by synthesizing viral mRNA. The initiation of transcription, which is common to all members, relies on an endonuclease activity that is responsible for cap-snatching. In La Crosse virus, an orthobunyavirus, it has previously been shown that the cap-snatching endonuclease resides in the N-terminal domain of the L protein. Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by arthropods and cause diseases in cattle. However, California encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus and Jamestown Canyon virus are North American species that can cause encephalitis in humans. No vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. In this study, three known Influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors (DPBA, L-742,001 and baloxavir) were repurposed on the La Crosse virus endonuclease. Their inhibition was evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and their mode of binding was then assessed by differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. Finally, two crystallographic structures were obtained in complex with L-742,001 and baloxavir, providing access to the structural determinants of inhibition and offering key information for the further development of Bunyavirales endonuclease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Feracci
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Sergio Hernandez
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Laura Garlatti
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Clemence Mondielli
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Juan Reguera
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - François Ferron
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Karine Alvarez
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)-UMR7257 CNRS-Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
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Bergevin MD, Ng V, Ludwig A, Sadeghieh T, Menzies P, Mubareka S, Clow KM. A Scoping Review on the Epidemiology of Orthobunyaviruses of Canadian Public and Animal Health Relevance in the Context of Vector Species. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38687337 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses are a growing priority for public and animal health in Canada. It is anticipated that disease incidence will increase due to a warming climate, given that habitats are expanding for reservoir hosts and vectors, particularly in Canada. Little is known about the ecology of primary vectors that perpetuate these orthobunyaviruses, including the viral transmission cycle and the impact of climatic and landscape factors. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses relevant to Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used to characterize studies focused on vector species. A literature search was conducted in six databases and gray literature. Eligible studies characterized orthobunyavirus epidemiology related to vector species, including viral competency, geospatial distributions, seasonal trends, and/or risk factors. Results: A total of 1734 unique citations were identified. Screening of these citations revealed 172 relevant studies, from which 87 studies presented primary data related to vectors. The orthobunyaviruses included Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV). Surveillance was the predominant study focus, with most citations representing the United States, specifically, LACV surveillance in Tennessee, followed by CVV and JCV in Connecticut. Orthobunyaviruses were detected in many mosquito species across multiple genera, with high vector specificity only being reported for LACV, which included Aedes triseriatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes japonicus. Peridomestic areas were positively associated with infected mosquitoes compared with dense forests. Orthobunyavirus infections, coinfections, and gut microbiota affected mosquito feeding and breeding behavior. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps included Canadian surveillance data, disease modeling, and risk projections. Further research in these areas, especially accounting for climate change, is needed to guide health policy for prevention of orthobunyaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D Bergevin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Antoinette Ludwig
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Tara Sadeghieh
- Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paula Menzies
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katie M Clow
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Bergevin MD, Ng V, Sadeghieh T, Menzies P, Ludwig A, Mubareka S, Clow KM. A Scoping Review on the Epidemiology of Orthobunyaviruses in Canada, in the Context of Human, Wildlife, and Domestic Animal Host Species. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38206763 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses in Canada are a growing public health concern. Orthobunyaviral diseases are commonly underdiagnosed and in Canada, likely underreported as surveillance is passive. No vaccines or specific treatments exist for these disease agents. Further, climate change is facilitating habitat expansion for relevant reservoirs and vectors, and it is likely that the majority of the Canadian population is susceptible to these viruses. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on orthobunyavirus epidemiology in Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. Literature searches were conducted in six databases and in gray literature. The epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses was characterized for studies focusing on host species, including spatiotemporal patterns, risk factors, and climate change impact. Results: A total of 172 relevant studies were identified from 1734 citations from which 95 addressed host species, including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals including livestock. The orthobunyaviruses-Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV)-were identified, and prevalence was widespread across vertebrate species. CVV, JCV, and SHV were detected across Canada and the United States. LACV was reported only in the United States, predominantly the Mid-Atlantic and Appalachian regions. Disease varied by orthobunyavirus and was associated with age, environment, preexisting compromised immune systems, or livestock breeding schedule. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps included seroprevalence data in Canada, risk factor analyses, particularly for livestock, and disease projections in the context of climate change. Additional surveillance and mitigation strategies, especially accounting for climate change, are needed to guide future public health efforts to prevent orthobunyavirus exposure and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D Bergevin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Sadeghieh
- Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Menzies
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoinette Ludwig
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie M Clow
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Bayrou C, Van Laere AS, Dam Van P, Moula N, Garigliany MM, Desmecht D. Anti-Schmallenberg Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051055. [PMID: 37243140 DOI: 10.3390/v15051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mx proteins are key factors of the innate intracellular defense mechanisms that act against viruses induced by type I/III interferons. The family Peribunyaviridae includes many viruses of veterinary importance, either because infection results in clinical disease or because animals serve as reservoirs for arthropod vectors. According to the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, evolutionary pressures should have led to the selection of the most appropriate Mx1 antiviral isoforms to resist these infections. Although human, mouse, bat, rat, and cotton rat Mx isoforms have been shown to inhibit different members of the Peribunyaviridae, the possible antiviral function of the Mx isoforms from domestic animals against bunyaviral infections has, to our knowledge, never been studied. Herein, we investigated the anti-Schmallenberg virus activity of bovine, canine, equine, and porcine Mx1 proteins. We concluded that Mx1 has a strong, dose-dependent anti-Schmallenberg activity in these four mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calixte Bayrou
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Laere
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Phai Dam Van
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nassim Moula
- Animal Productions, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Animal Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B43, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Hellert J, Aebischer A, Haouz A, Guardado-Calvo P, Reiche S, Beer M, Rey FA. Structure, function, and evolution of the Orthobunyavirus membrane fusion glycoprotein. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112142. [PMID: 36827185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
La Crosse virus, responsible for pediatric encephalitis in the United States, and Schmallenberg virus, a highly teratogenic veterinary virus in Europe, belong to the large Orthobunyavirus genus of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens distributed worldwide. Viruses in this under-studied genus cause CNS infections or fever with debilitating arthralgia/myalgia syndromes, with no effective treatment. The main surface antigen, glycoprotein Gc (∼1,000 residues), has a variable N-terminal half (GcS) targeted by the patients' antibody response and a conserved C-terminal moiety (GcF) responsible for membrane fusion during cell entry. Here, we report the X-ray structure of post-fusion La Crosse and Schmallenberg virus GcF, revealing the molecular determinants for hairpin formation and trimerization required to drive membrane fusion. We further experimentally confirm the role of residues in the fusion loops and in a vestigial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation sequence at the GcS-GcF junction. The resulting knowledge provides essential molecular underpinnings for future development of potential therapeutic treatments and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur - Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Leibniz-Institut für Virologie (LIV), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Aebischer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Crystallography Platform C2RT, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur - Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Félix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur - Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Heitmann A, Gusmag F, Rathjens MG, Maurer M, Frankze K, Schicht S, Jansen S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Jung K, Becker SC. Mammals Preferred: Reassortment of Batai and Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus Occurs in Mammalian but Not Insect Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:1702. [PMID: 34578285 DOI: 10.3390/v13091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reassortment is a viral genome-segment recomposition known for many viruses, including the orthobunyaviruses. The co-infection of a host cell with two viruses of the same serogroup, such as the Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus and the Batai orthobunyavirus, can give rise to novel viruses. One example is the Ngari virus, which has caused major outbreaks of human infections in Central Africa. This study aimed to investigate the potential for reassortment of Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus and the Batai orthobunyavirus during co-infection studies and the replication properties of the reassortants in different mammalian and insect cell lines. In the co-infection studies, a Ngari-like virus reassortant and a novel reassortant virus, the Batunya virus, arose in BHK-21 cells (Mesocricetus auratus). In contrast, no reassortment was observed in the examined insect cells from Aedes aegypti (Aag2) and Aedes albopictus (U4.4 and C6/36). The growth kinetic experiments show that both reassortants are replicated to higher titers in some mammalian cell lines than the parental viruses but show impaired growth in insect cell lines.
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Abstract
The California serogroup of orthobunyaviruses comprises a group of mosquitoborne viruses, including La Crosse (LACV), snowshoe hare (SSHV), Tahyna (TAHV), Jamestown Canyon (JCV), and Inkoo (INKV) viruses, that cause neurologic disease in humans of differing ages with varying incidences. To determine how the pathogenesis of these viruses differs, we compared their ability to induce disease in mice and replicate and induce cell death in vitro. In mice, LACV, TAHV, and SSHV induced neurologic disease after intraperitoneal and intranasal inoculation, and JCV induced disease only after intranasal inoculation. INKV rarely induced disease, which correlated with less viral antigen in the brain than the other viruses. In vitro, all viruses replicated to high titers; however, LACV, SSHV, and TAHV induced high cell death, whereas JCV and INKV did not. Results demonstrated that CSG viruses differ in neuropathogenesis in vitro and in vivo, which correlates with the differences in pathogenesis reported in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cluster Analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, California/classification
- Encephalitis Virus, California/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, California/pathogenicity
- Encephalitis, California/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, California/epidemiology
- Encephalitis, California/virology
- Genes, Viral
- Geography, Medical
- Global Health
- Humans
- Incidence
- Mice
- Public Health Surveillance
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Serogroup
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Golender N, Brenner J, Valdman M, Khinich Y, Bumbarov V, Panshin A, Edery N, Pismanik S, Behar A. Malformations Caused by Shuni Virus in Ruminants, Israel, 2014-2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:2267-8. [PMID: 26583957 PMCID: PMC4672418 DOI: 10.3201/eid2112.150804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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