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Abdelrahman MM, Alhidary IA, Aljumaah RS, Faye B. Blood Trace Element Status in Camels: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2116. [PMID: 36009706 PMCID: PMC9405446 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace minerals play an important role in animal health and productivity. They are involved also in many physiological activities, and their deficiency causes a variety of pathological problems and metabolic defects, reducing consequently the animal productivity. The demand for animal products in semi-arid areas is rapidly increasing, and the supply is still below the required level, partially due to low animal productivity. Camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) are considered one of the main sources of healthy, high-quality meat and milk for human consumption within most of the countries in the semi-arid regions. Despite their efficient adaptation to their environment, camels can suffer from the growth retardation of newborns, low feed efficiency, anemia, poor fertility, poor reproduction and many other metabolic disorders. It is well known that trace mineral deficiencies and trace mineral toxicities can influence camels' production and reproductive efficiency, as well as many aspects of their growth and metabolism. Evaluating the trace minerals status of camels and their variability is an obvious step toward improving camels' productivity and health. Thus, the present article reviews the data regarding the status of trace minerals (copper, zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, cobalt, iodine, fluorine, molybdenum, sulfur, bromide and nickel) in camel blood and their physiological variability, with a focus on their deficiency and toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutassim M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard Faye
- CIRAD-ES, UMR SELMET, TA/C 112A, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Kazakh National University Al-Farabi, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Maamari M, Nino G, Bost J, Cheng Y, Sochet A, Sharron M. Predicting Failure of Non-Invasive Ventilation With RAM Cannula in Bronchiolitis. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:120-127. [PMID: 33412988 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620979642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) via the RAM cannula nasal interface, variables predicting subsequent intubation, or NIV non-response, are understudied. We sought to identify predictors of NIV non-response. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study in infants admitted for respiratory failure from bronchiolitis placed on NIV in a quaternary children's hospital. We excluded children with concurrent sepsis, critical congenital heart disease, or with preexisting tracheostomy. The primary outcome was NIV non-response defined as intubation after a trial of NIV. Secondary outcomes were vital sign values before and after NIV initiation, duration of NIV and intubation, and mortality. Primary analyses included Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, student's t test, paired analyses, and adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression assessing heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) before and after NIV initiation. RESULTS Of 138 infants studied, 34% were non-responders. There were no differences in baseline characteristics of responders and non-responders. HR decreased after NIV initiation in responders (156 [143-156] to149 [141-158], p < 0.01) compared to non-responders (158 [149-166] to 158 [145-171], p = 0.73). RR decreased in responders (50 [43-58] vs 47 [41-54]) and non-responders (52 [48-58] vs 51 [40-55], both p < 0.01). Concurrent bacterial pneumonia (OR 6.06, 95% CI: 2.54-14.51) and persistently elevated HR (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) were associated with NIV non-response. CONCLUSION In children with acute bronchiolitis who fail to respond to NIV and require subsequent intubation, we noted associations with persistently elevated HR after NIV initiation and concurrent bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Maamari
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, 12334Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pulmonology, 12334Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James Bost
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, 12334Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yao Cheng
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, 12334Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anthony Sochet
- Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, 1500Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Sharron
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, 12334Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
In cardiac electrophysiology, there exist many sources of inter- and intra-personal variability. These include variability in conditions and environment, and genotypic and molecular diversity, including differences in expression and behavior of ion channels and transporters, which lead to phenotypic diversity (e.g., variable integrated responses at the cell, tissue, and organ levels). These variabilities play an important role in progression of heart disease and arrhythmia syndromes and outcomes of therapeutic interventions. Yet, the traditional in silico framework for investigating cardiac arrhythmias is built upon a parameter/property-averaging approach that typically overlooks the physiological diversity. Inspired by work done in genetics and neuroscience, new modeling frameworks of cardiac electrophysiology have been recently developed that take advantage of modern computational capabilities and approaches, and account for the variance in the biological data they are intended to illuminate. In this review, we outline the recent advances in statistical and computational techniques that take into account physiological variability, and move beyond the traditional cardiac model-building scheme that involves averaging over samples from many individuals in the construction of a highly tuned composite model. We discuss how these advanced methods have harnessed the power of big (simulated) data to study the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias, with a special emphasis on atrial fibrillation, and improve the assessment of proarrhythmic risk and drug response. The challenges of using in silico approaches with variability are also addressed and future directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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de Jong DLK, Tarumi T, Liu J, Zhang R, Claassen JAHR. Lack of linear correlation between dynamic and steady-state cerebral autoregulation. J Physiol 2017; 595:5623-5636. [PMID: 28597991 PMCID: PMC5556173 DOI: 10.1113/jp274304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Key points For correct application and interpretation of cerebral autoregulation (CA) measurements in research and in clinical care, it is essential to understand differences and similarities between dynamic and steady‐state CA. The present study found no correlation between dynamic and steady‐state CA indices in healthy older adults. There was variability between individuals in all (steady‐state and dynamic) autoregulatory indices, ranging from low (almost absent) to highly efficient CA in this healthy population. These findings challenge the assumption that assessment of a single CA parameter or a single set of parameters can be generalized to overall CA functioning. Therefore, depending on specific research purposes, the choice for either steady‐state or dynamic measures or both should be weighed carefully.
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dynamic (dCA) and steady‐state cerebral autoregulation (sCA). In 28 healthy older adults, sCA was quantified by a linear regression slope of proportionate (%) changes in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) in response to proportionate (%) changes in mean blood pressure (BP) induced by stepwise sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PhE) infusion. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) and CBF velocity at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). With CVR = BP/CBF, Slope‐CVRICA, Slope‐CVRVA and Slope‐CVRiMCA were derived. dCA was assessed (i) in supine rest, analysed with transfer function analysis (gain and phase) and autoregulatory index (ARI) fit from spontaneous oscillations (ARIBaseline), and (ii) with transient changes in BP using a bolus injection of SNP (ARISNP) and PhE (ARIPhE). Comparison of sCA and dCA parameters (using Pearson's r for continuous and Spearman's ρ for ordinal parameters) demonstrated a lack of linear correlations between sCA and dCA measures. However, comparisons of parameters within dCA and within sCA were correlated. For sCA slope‐CVRVA with Slope‐CVRiMCA (r = 0.45, P < 0.03); for dCA ARISNP with ARIPhE (ρ = 0.50, P = 0.03), ARIBaseline (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.03) and PhaseLF (ρ = 0.48, P = 0.03); and for GainVLF with GainLF (r = 0.51, P = 0.01). By contrast to the commonly held assumption based on an earlier study, there were no linear correlations between sCA and dCA. As an additional observation, there was strong inter‐individual variability, both in dCA and sCA, in this healthy group of elderly, in a range from low to high CA efficiency. For correct application and interpretation of cerebral autoregulation (CA) measurements in research and in clinical care, it is essential to understand differences and similarities between dynamic and steady‐state CA. The present study found no correlation between dynamic and steady‐state CA indices in healthy older adults. There was variability between individuals in all (steady‐state and dynamic) autoregulatory indices, ranging from low (almost absent) to highly efficient CA in this healthy population. These findings challenge the assumption that assessment of a single CA parameter or a single set of parameters can be generalized to overall CA functioning. Therefore, depending on specific research purposes, the choice for either steady‐state or dynamic measures or both should be weighed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L K de Jong
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud Alzheimer Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud Alzheimer Center, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Brown SM, Tate MQ, Jones JP, Kuttler KG, Lanspa MJ, Rondina MT, Grissom CK, Mathews VJ. Coefficient of Variation of Coarsely Sampled Heart Rate is Associated With Early Vasopressor Independence in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. J Intensive Care Med 2014; 30:420-5. [PMID: 24578465 DOI: 10.1177/0885066614523536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether variability of coarsely sampled heart rate and blood pressure early in the course of severe sepsis and septic shock predicts successful resuscitation, defined as vasopressor independence at 24 hours after admission. METHODS In an observational study of patients admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock from 2009 to 2011 to either of 2 intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary-care hospital, in whom blood pressure was measured via an arterial catheter, we sampled heart rate and blood pressure every 30 seconds over the first 6 hours of ICU admission and calculated the coefficient of variability of those measurements. Primary outcome was vasopressor independence at 24 hours; and secondary outcome was 28-day mortality. RESULTS We studied 165 patients, of which 97 (59%) achieved vasopressor independence at 24 hours. Overall, 28-day mortality was 15%. Significant predictors of vasopressor independence at 24 hours included the coefficient of variation of heart rate, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, the number of increases in vasopressor dose, mean vasopressin dose, mean blood pressure, and time-pressure integral of mean blood pressure less than 60 mm Hg. Lower sampling frequencies (up to once every 5 minutes) did not affect the findings. CONCLUSIONS Increased variability of coarsely sampled heart rate was associated with vasopressor independence at 24 hours after controlling for possible confounders. Sampling frequencies of once in 5 minutes may be similar to once in 30 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Brown
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Quinn Tate
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason P Jones
- Research Division, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Lanspa
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Medical Center and School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Colin K Grissom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - V J Mathews
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Tochigi Y, Segal NA, Vaseenon T, Brown TD. Entropy analysis of tri-axial leg acceleration signal waveforms for measurement of decrease of physiological variability in human gait. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:897-904. [PMID: 22144127 PMCID: PMC3319858 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disease-related and senescent decrease of physiological variability in biological time-series outputs (e.g., heart rate) has drawn increasing attention as a potential new type of biomarker. In this paradigm, measurement of variability in periodic motion may enable quantitative evaluation of functional limitation in people with musculoskeletal disorders. A novel technique to measure variability of leg motion patterns during level walking was used to study 52 adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), and 57 asymptomatic control subjects over a wide range of age (20-79 years). The hypothesis was that cycle-to-cycle variability in leg motion patterns, indexed by tri-axial acceleration signal entropy, would be lower in those with greater age or with knee symptoms. Leg motions were assessed using portable inertial monitors attached bilaterally just above each ankle. The tri-axial acceleration data were analyzed using a nonlinear variability measurement tool designated as Sample Entropy (SampEn). SampEn data for asymptomatic subjects exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = -0.287, p = 0.0306) with greater age. OA subjects had significantly lower SampEn values (p = 0.0002) than did age-matched asymptomatic subjects who walked at equivalent velocity. This approach holds promise as a basis for valid, inexpensive, and convenient objective evaluation of limitations in human gait function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tochigi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Neil A. Segal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tanawat Vaseenon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thomas D. Brown
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Ananthakrishnan TS, Jindal GD, Sinha V, Jain RK, Kataria SK, Deshpande AK. Clinical validation of software for a versatile variability analyzer: Assessment of autonomic function. J Med Phys 2007; 32:97-102. [PMID: 21157528 PMCID: PMC3000506 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.35721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of physiological variability is an upcoming area of research having manifold clinical applications. Considerable work has been done on heart rate variability and blood pressure variability during the past four decades. Electronics division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, has developed an instrument called medical analyzer, which can be used to study several variabilities simultaneously. This instrument has been used to collect data from control subjects and patients with established diagnosis. The data has been analyzed with the help of a software package developed for this purpose and has been found to be consistent with expected manifestations of the disease on the autonomic nervous system. The description of the software package and results of the study are briefly described in this paper.
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Griffin GD, Waite WW. Pathological Interaction of a Combination of Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla on Tomato. J Nematol 1982; 14:182-187. [PMID: 19295694 PMCID: PMC2618177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased culturing of a tomato population of Heterodera schachtii (UT1C) on tomato for 480 days (eight inoculation periods of 60 days each) significantly increased virulence to 'Stone Improved' tomato. A synergistic relationship existed between Meloidogyne hapla and H. schaehtii on tomato. A combination of H. schachtii (UTIC) and M. hapla significantly reduced tomato root weights by 65, 64, and 61% below root weights of untreated controls, and single inoculations of M. hapla and H. schachtii, respectively. This corresponded to root reductions of 42, 44, and 46% from a combination of H. schachtii (UT1B) and M. hapla. Antagonism existed between H. schachtii and M. hapla with regard to infection courts and feeding sites. The root-knot galling index dropped from 6.0 with a single inoculation of M. hapla to 4.3 and 3.3 with combined inoculations of M. hapla plus UT1B and M. hapla plus UTIC cyst nematode populations. The pathological virulence of H. schachtii to sugarbeet was not lost by extended culturing on tomato; there were no differences in penetration, maturation, and reproduction between sugarbeet populations continually cultured on sugarbeet and the population continually cultured on tomato.
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