Children's perception of food parenting practices: adaptation and validation of the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire in Chilean adolescents

Introduction

Assessment of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire in adolescents (CFPQ-Teen) is still limited, with no evaluation of the measurement invariance. The participants comprised 473 Chilean adolescents of both sexes from dual-income nuclear families. The aims of this study were: (1) to adapt to Spanish and validate a model of five-factor version the CFPQ-Teen; (2) to examine the psychometric properties, (3) to evaluate the measurement invariance according to the adolescents' gender; and (4) to compare the scores of each factor between female and male adolescents.

Methods

The instrument was translated, back-translated, and adapted from the CFPQ-Teen, confirming the equivalence, conceptual, and face validity in a pilot sample of 40 adolescents. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the five-factor model of the CFPQ-Teen: Monitoring, Adolescent Control, Restriction for weight control, Parental Modeling, and Environment. The Environment factor was eliminated as a result.

Results

The confirmatory factor analysis presented good reliability, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity values. In addition, medium to high goodness-of-fit levels were obtained by eliminating an item from the Adolescent Control factor. These results confirm a final 20-item model representing four factors. The multigroup invariance analysis of the measurement model verified configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance. No significant differences were found between females and males in the scores on the four factors.

Discussion

These results enable comparisons by sex on the perceptions of Food Parenting Practices from the analyzed factors, primarily within the context of the Chilean sample.

Design of a video game for assessment of executive functions in deaf and hearing children

This study investigates the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive test battery embedded within a video game to assess executive functions (EF) in deaf and hearing children. We evaluated a diverse cohort of 290 elementary school students aged 5 to 13 years (mean age = 8.86, SD = 1.96), comprising 74 sign language users, 14 Spanish-speaking deaf participants, 23 children with mixed communication methods, and 179 typically hearing individuals. Our statistical analysis focused on item discrimination, reliability, and criterion validation of the game-based assessments. The results indicated high reliability and effective discrimination of EF across the game's three primary stages. External validation was conducted using the Matrices Test, educational attainment, and age as variables. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.377, p < 0.001) was observed between the Matrices Test scores and game-based achievement scores. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed education (Standardized Beta = 0.339) and age (Standardized Beta = 0.179) as significant predictors of performance in these scores. This study underscores the value of integrating computerized cognitive assessments within a video game environment for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations, highlighting its potential in diverse child populations.

The Medication Quantification Scale 4.0: An Updated Index Based on Prescribers' Perceptions of the Risk Associated With Chronic Pain Medications

To quantify risks associated with drug utilization in the real world for the treatment of chronic pain (CP), an index called the Medication Quantification Scale (MQS) was developed in 1992 in the United States and last updated in 2003. This study aimed to update, adapt to the contemporary Canadian context, and validate a revised version of the MQS (the MQS-4.0). Step 1: An expert committee adapted the MQS to the Canadian clinical practice context. Step 2: An update of risk weights given to medication subclasses was achieved using a prescriber survey (weights were derived from median 0-10 scores given to each subclass). Step 3: Construct validity of the MQS-4.0 was assessed after applying risk weights to the medication use profile of persons living with CP covered by public drug insurance plan. Thirty-six medication subclasses were included in the MQS-4.0. A total of 207 prescribers (physicians, pharmacists, and nurse practitioners) participated in the perception survey; 10.63% identified as pain specialists. When risk weights were applied to prescription claims (n = 9,122), the MQS-4.0 score was associated (P < .05) with the MQS-III score and variables associated with polypharmacy (eg, Charlson Comorbidity Index, number of prescribers or health care visits). This study provides an updated index intended for adult populations based on prescribers' perceptions of the risk associated with CP medications that can be useful for clinical practice and research among persons living with CP in Canada. It will, however, be relevant to verify whether similar risk weights are obtained in future pain specialist surveys. PERSPECTIVE: The MQS-4.0 is an update of the MQS used for quantifying the risk associated with the use of analgesics/coanalgesics. Adequate psychometrics properties were found.

A Network Analysis Study on the Structure and Gender Invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Spanish University Students

INTRODUCTION

The psychometric properties of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) have been evaluated across numerous languages and population groups, primarily from a factor analysis perspective. In some studies, inconsistencies in structural invariance have been identified.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to analyze the properties and gender invariance of the SWLS from a network analysis perspective.

METHOD

A total of 857 Spanish university students were obtained through a stratified random cluster sampling method in a cross-sectional survey design study. Descriptive analysis of the items, partial-correlation network, Bayesian network model estimation, and invariance analysis by gender were conducted.

RESULTS

The instrument did not exhibit any floor or ceiling effects. Each item can be considered univariately normally distributed, and all items clustered in a single and stable community. The partial-correlation network model and centrality measures were stable in the full sample and invariant across genders. Item 3 emerged as the most central node in the network with the highest predictability. The Bayesian network indicated that items 2 and 4 initiate the process, while item 5 acts as the sink, and items 1 and 3 act as mediators.

CONCLUSIONS

The SWLS can be used as a unidimensional measure, and the total score and relationships among items are stable and reliable. Any potential differences among genders cannot be associated with the functioning of the instrument. The predictability of every item was high, and the Bayesian network clearly identified different roles among the items.

Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Spanish University Students

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) to provide evidence of validity for its use in research on health promotion and the quality of life of young Spanish university students.

METHOD

A sample of 807 participants (75.09% female) aged 18-26 years (M = 20.68; SD = 2.13) completed the CEI-II and health and quality of life measures questionnaire.

RESULTS

A unidimensional structure was confirmed, but the original two-dimensional structure also showed an adequate fit. The measures obtained from the CEI-II were gender- and age-invariant, which exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full scale and subscales, and showed a statistically significant relationship with life satisfaction, sense of coherence, and psychological distress.

CONCLUSIONS

The CEI-II can be used as unidimensional, which is recommended, but also as a two-dimensional measure. Both structures provide reliable, valid, and invariant measures across gender and age of exploratory behaviours in Spanish university students. Furthermore, the results confirm the association between exploratory behaviours and greater health management.

The Psychometric Properties of Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale Based on the Health Belief Model

Acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19( vaccine is a very important factor to keep health workers safe. The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine using a health belief model among health workers in Iran The study was a tools design study that was conducted in the period from February to March 2020, Iran Questionnaire items were designed using text review. The sampling method was multi-stage. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis at a 95% confidence level using SPSS software version 16. The designed questionnaire had an appropriate content validity and internal consistency. Also, the exploratory factor analysis showed that a 5-factor structure was extracted and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the conceptual five-factor structure of the measure had good fit indices. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was .82 and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was .9. It can be concluded that the instrument designed in the preliminary stage of psychometrics properties had good validity and reliability indicators. Also, the constructs of the health belief model well explain the determinants of the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine at the individual level.

Development and psychometric assessment of the sexual-reproductive health profile of women with type-1 diabetes mellitus

Background

To improve the sexual-reproductive health (SRH) of women with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), plans should be formulated on the basis of the existing situation. The situation can be examined by a valid tool conforming to the specific domains of SRH in the target group. The present study seeks to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the SRH Profile of Women with T1DM.

Method

Based on the extracted concepts of SRH Profile of Women with T1DM in a previously conducted study, a tool was designed using the following steps: The selection of the conceptual model, explaining the objectives, designing the roadmap and development of the tool. In the psychometric assessment phase, the content, face and construct validity (convergent validity and principal component analysis) were assessed with the participation of 365 married women of reproductive age with T1DM. The reliability of the tool was determined by the internal consistency method (Cronbach’s alpha) and its stability using the test-retest method (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients).

Results

The SRH Profile of Women with T1DM was formed with 53 items in two sections. Twenty-six items were about safe motherhood and reproductive system; 27 items were about the three components of concerns about the reproductive system health and function, sexual health and function, and violence related to T1DM. The three components in the second section explained 49.44% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.872 and the total intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.946.

Conclusion

SRH Profile of Women with T1DM is a valid, reliable, and specific tool for assessing sexual-reproductive health in women with type-1 diabetes mellitus.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14400-5.

Italian Validation of the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI-2): Psychometric Properties and Factorial Structure

OBJECTIVE

Sexual desire is a psychological state that prompts individuals to engage in sexual activity. Although interest about this topic is constantly increasing, there are no validated instruments to measure sexual desire in Italy, making scientific studies difficult. This paper aims to provide a contribution to validation of the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (SDI-2) for the Italian population, investigating factorial structure, invariance, reliability and validity.

METHOD

The sample was composed of 389 Italian participants from a nonclinical population. The thirteen-item SDI-2 and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) for measuring impulsiveness were administered.

RESULTS

The results supported two dimensions, i.e. dyadic and solitary desire, and partially measurement invariance across gender. Furthermore, good validity and reliability indicators have been gained.

CONCLUSIONS

the Italian version of the SDI-2 supports good psychometrics properties. It may be considered a valid and reliable measure for assessing dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Therefore, the present inventory may be used, in the research and clinical field, as an innovative instrument in order to investigate sexual desire and its relationship with clinical disorders.

How to Assess Shoulder Functionality: A Systematic Review of Existing Validated Outcome Measures

The objective of this review was to compile validated functional shoulder assessment tools and analyse the methodological quality of their validations. Secondarily, we aimed to provide a comparison of the tools, including parameter descriptions, indications/applications, languages and operating instructions, to choose the most suitable for future clinical and research approaches. A systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted using: PubMed, WoS Scopus, CINHAL, Dialnet and reference lists until 2020. The main criteria for inclusion were that papers were original studies of validated tools or validation studies. Pre-established tables showed tools, validations, items/components, etc. The QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB were used to assess the methodological quality of validations. Ultimately, 85 studies were selected, 32 tools and 111 validations. Risk of bias scored lower than applicability, and patient selection got the best scores (QUADAS-2). Internal consistency had the highest quality and PROMs development the lowest (COSMIN-RB). Responsiveness was the most analysed metric property. Modified UCLA and SST obtained the highest quality in shoulder instability surgery, and SPADI in pain. The most approached topic was activities of daily living (81%). We compiled 32 validated functional shoulder assessment tools, and conducted an analysis of the methodological quality of 111 validations associated with them. Modified UCLA and SST showed the highest methodological quality in instability surgery and SPADI in pain.

Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure, and Gender and Educational Level Invariance of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) in Spanish Children and Adolescents

The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and degree of measurement invariance of a Spanish adaptation of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) in primary and secondary school students (N = 1,504 students, 46.08% males, 7-19 years of age). The results of confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the original two-factor structure, although a modified two-factor model with one item loading simultaneously on both factors was better supported. Full measurement invariance was observed across gender, and partial measurement invariance was achieved across educational levels (primary and secondary education). The AMAS showed reasonable internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. These results highlight the utility of the AMAS as a measure of math anxiety in primary and secondary school students whose scores can be compared by gender and educational level.

Development and Initial Validation of the Children's Hardiness Scale

Several measures have been developed in the past decades to assess the dimensions of hardiness in adult populations, whereas the same for children has remained relatively understudied. The present research has sought to develop and validate children's hardiness scale (CHS) to assess hardiness attitudes in the respondents with age categories ranging between 10 and 12. Relying on a mixed-method approach, the research has been conducted in two studies. In the first, using both deductive and inductive methods, items were generated. The Content and face validity of the items was explored. To determine factor structure afterward, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted. In the course of the second study, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's dimensionality and factor structure. The significant correlation between CHS, academic hardiness, and perceived stress, demonstrated the construct validity of the scale. Using the convenience sampling method, a total sample of 641 children participated in both studies. The results demonstrated that the final scale in line with the hardiness theory comprised three subscales: "commitment", "control", and "challenge". The scale revealed acceptable internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity. Overall, the results of the current research indicated that a 20-item CHS can be applied in evaluating children's hardiness attitudes. Further studies are required, however, to assess the applicability of the scale in different cultural populations.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence Tool (CRAT)

Patients with cardiac diseases can achieve the greatest benefit from cardiac rehabilitation through modification of their unhealthy behaviors. This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence Tool (CRAT), which was designed to assess patients’ adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. In this instrument development study, the items of the CRAT were extracted through a comprehensive literature review. The CRAT was assessed in terms of validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess its construct validity, which led to the development of a tool containing 57 items and five dimensions including “acceptance of the rehabilitation center”, “being interested in health”, “feeling a need”, “personal control over the situation”, and “encouragement and advice.” These five factors accounted for 45.23% of the observed variance. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.935. The test-retest method supported the stability of the instrument (r = 0.95). Health care professionals can use the CRAT to examine factors influencing the patient’s decision to leave cardiac rehabilitation and design strategies for improving their adherence to the rehabilitation program.

Patients' adherence-related beliefs about inhaled steroids: application of the Chinese version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific in patients with asthma

Objective: The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific among asthma patients; and to assess the association between patients' belief and adherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the asthma clinic of Zhongshan Hospital, to Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between April 2016 and March 2018. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific was translated into Chinese according to international guidelines. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis were calculated to validate the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific. The relationship between the adherence and the belief subscale were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Two hundred and seventeen patients were recruited in this study. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific was deemed reliable based on the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, ICC= 0.759). Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable model fit for the two-factor model. Patients' compliance was closely related to their belief about inhaled corticosteroid. The adherence rates were highest for the accepting groups, and lowest for the skeptical groups. Higher adherence was significantly associated with higher necessity-concerns differential (p = .001) and lower concern (p = .004). Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific can be used as a reliable tool by the clinicians to identify beliefs and behaviors of individual to improve adherence in Chinese patients.

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the breast cancer awareness measure (BCAM) questionnaire

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Enhancing awareness level about breast cancer is a pivotal strategy for reducing breast cancer burden. There is no fully validated Persian instrument for evaluating breast cancer awareness. This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) questionnaire.

METHODS

This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted among 1078 Persian language women (including 965 general women and 113 medical/clinical experts), which selected from different parts of Isfahan city using multistage cluster random sampling method. Translation of BCAM questionnaire was performed using forward-backward method. Internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability using unweighted kappa statistic and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Construct validity was investigated using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as Latent class analysis (LCA), and discriminant validity using ROC curve. Convergent validity was assessed using phi and eta correlation coefficients. Ceiling and floor effects, SE of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were also determined.

RESULTS

Persian version of BCAM showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.841) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.882). Most of the computed kappa coefficients were in the range moderate to very good (0.47-0.81). Medical/clinical experts had higher levels of breast cancer awareness than general women, indicating good discriminant validity (Area under the curve [AUC]) of 0.822 (95% CI: 0.781, 0.864). Construct validity evaluation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) led to extraction of two factors from 11 items ("breast shape changes" and "breast pain and lump"), and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the adequacy of extracted construct from EFA. Latent class analysis for evaluating of construct validity led to extracting three classes from participants (high [12.83%], moderate [60.97%], and low [26.2%]) in terms of awareness levels about early warning signs of breast cancer. All item-scale correlation coefficients exceeded the set value of 0.40, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. No ceiling and floor effects were detected. SEM and SDC were found to be 0.85 and 2.36, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The Persian version of BCAM is a reliable and valid instrument for monitoring levels of breast cancer awareness in general women population, also it can be used for evaluating the impacts of interventions attempting to raise breast cancer awareness.

Measuring the Capacity to Love: Development of the CTL-Inventory

Objective: The individual capacity to love (CTL) has been linked to various mental health parameters and is considered to be an important outcome parameter of psychotherapeutic treatment. However, empirical examinations of the concept have not been conducted up to now. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of CTL [Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I)] as a trait of personality, which is shown to be related to clinically relevant symptoms and conditions.

Method: Four independent healthy samples in Austria (n = 547, n = 174, and n = 85) and Poland (n = 240) were assessed by a prototype of the CTL-I and its final shorter version in a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency of the total questionnaire and each subscale was assessed by Cronbach alpha. External validity was measured against Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Relationship Inventory, Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory according to the theoretical framework of the CTL concept. Further test–retest reliability was assessed.

Results: The CFA confirmed 41 items in six dimensions: Interest in the life project of the other, Basic trust, Humility and gratitude, Common ego ideal, Permanence of sexual passion, and Acceptance of loss/jealousy/mourning. The Cronbach alphas of the total CTL-I and its subscales ranged between 0.67 and 0.90 in all samples, suggesting a valid construct. The CTL-I was moderately positively associated with quality of relationship (Support r = 0.63, Conflict r = -0.66, and Depth r = 0.66) and inversely associated with symptoms of depression (r = -0.37), pathological narcissism (r = -0.29) and promiscuity (r = -0.42). The test–retest reliability of the total CTL-I was high with r = 0.81, suggesting the stability of answers over time.

Conclusion: The proposed 41-item version of the CTL-I is a psychometrically sound and validated instrument measuring six dimensions of the concept of the CTL. The reported negative associations with clinically relevant parameters such as depression, pathological narcissism and promiscuity as well as associations with relationship qualities such as conflicts, support, and depth warrant its future use in burdened populations including couples in clinical settings.

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Psychometric Properties and Discriminative Capacity in Several Chilean Samples

We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire in four different samples: two general adult populations (N = 1,548, N = 964), one adolescent population (N = 1,044), and young people with depressive symptomatology (N = 307). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed with subsamples from Studies 1 (n = 773) and 2 (n = 527), finding that the two- and three-factor solutions had a good fit. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor solution resulted in an adequate fit in a second set of subsamples from both studies (n = 775, n = 517). In Study 3, we found good convergent and divergent validity with adequate and significant correlations found for depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and neuroticism and extroversion (Big Five Inventory). In Study 4, the results of an EFA performed in a subsample (n = 154) found that the two- and three-factor solutions were appropriate with the former solution being confirmed in a second subsample (n = 153). Reliability was α = .85 for positive affect and α = .87 for negative affect. The PANAS questionnaire showed adequate indicators of validity and reliability in adult and adolescent populations as well as in a sample with depressive symptoms.

Psychometric properties of the Farsi version of Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire in Iranian older adults

BACKGROUND

Attitudes to the aging process are affected by the individual's sociocultural background. The measurement of this important concept among older people in various societies requires the use of tools that are able to demonstrate both reliability and validity.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to translate and validate the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) and investigate its psychometric features among Iranian older people.

METHODS

In this methodological study, the Farsi version of the AAQ was validated among 400 Iranian older adults who were members of citizen clubs in an urban area of Iran. Content, face and construct (exploratory factor analysis) validities of the AAQ were assessed. In addition, its reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and stability. For discriminant validity, the discriminant power of the AAQ in terms of gender and education levels was evaluated. Criterion validity showed a significant correlation between the most subscales of the AAQ and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the AAQ. The result of the test-retest reliability with a 2-week interval was satisfactory and reported as r=0.90 (p<0.001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was reported as 0.75 for the whole instrument and 0.85-0.93 for its dimensions. There were associations between the AAQ subscales, SF-36 quality of life (r=0.56, p<0.001) and WHOQOL-BREF (r=0.78, p<0.001), indicating an appropriate convergent validity. The ability to discriminate between male and female participants and those with lower and higher education levels was demonstrated, thus lending support to claims for adequate known-group validity.

CONCLUSION

The Farsi version of the AAQ showed favorable validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used for assessing attitudes toward aging among older adults.

Reliability and Validity of the Reduced Spanish Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale

OBJECTIVE

To translate the Iowa Infant Feeding Scale (IIFAS) into Spanish, to test its psychometric properties, and to explore item reduction for the Spanish version.

DESIGN

Instrumental study.

SETTING

Six hospitals in eastern Spain.

PARTICIPANTS

A convenience sample of 1,354 pregnant women was recruited.

METHODS

The IIFAS was translated using forward and back translation. Dimensional structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Spanish IIFAS version were assessed. Criteria to improve the reliability of the scale and the predictive power of the items were used to reduce the scale.

RESULTS

Statistics on the psychometric properties suggested the need for item reduction. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the nine-item final version of the Spanish IIFAS (IIFAS-S) was 0.792. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a unidimensional structure. Demographic response patterns and correlations with the IIFAS-S scale provided further evidence of construct validity. Pregnancy IIFAS-S scores significantly predicted breastfeeding rates and exclusivity.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicated that the Spanish translation of the IIFAS is a valid and reliable measure of women's attitudes toward breastfeeding.

Psychometric properties of the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA) in a Chilean population

The multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA) is an instrument designed to assess interoceptive awareness. The aim of this study was to adapt the original MAIA scale to Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties in a Chilean population. The MAIA was administered to 470 adults, aged 18-70 years, 76.6% women and 23.4% men, residents of the provinces of Valparaíso and Concepción, Chile. Exploratory factor analysis reduced the scale from 32 to 30 items. Confirmatory factor analysis supports a structure of eight interrelated factors (Noticing, Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying, Attention Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Self- Regulation, Body Listening, and Trusting), similar to the original scale (χ(2) (371) = 659.78, p = 0.0001; CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.056 and SRMR = 0.059). The Spanish version showed appropriate indicators of construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach's α of 0.90 for the total scale, and values between 0.40 and 0.86 for the different subscales. Similar to previous studies, low reliability was observed in two of the eight scales (Not-Distracting and Not-Worrying), thus further revision of these subscales is suggested. The Spanish version of MAIA proved to be a valid and reliable tool to investigate interoceptive awareness in the Chilean population.

Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of 'Communities That Care Youth Survey'

This article investigated the psychometric properties of 'Communities That Care Youth Survey' (CTC-YS) among Iranian adolescents. To prepare the CTC-YS for administration in Iran, it was translated from English to Persian and back translated to English. A total of 753 Iranian adolescents aged 15-18 years old filled out a CTC-YS questionnaire. Its reliability for Iranian youth was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. After removing two items from individual/peer and community domains, a suitable internal reliability was found among items of the 29 sub-scales (0.66-0.89). The findings of construct validity suggest that existing measures of risk and protective factors have good construct validity. The validity and reliability of CTC-YS showed that this questionnaire has appropriate psychometric characteristics and can be made available to researchers in Iranian adolescent health as an appropriate tool for future research.