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Joksic I, Toljic M, Milacic I, Stankovic A, Karadzov Orlic N, Mikovic Z. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis-molecular characterization and clinical outcomes. Front Genet 2024; 14:1326985. [PMID: 38259626 PMCID: PMC10800731 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1326985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are infrequent findings in prenatal diagnostics, however they pose a great challenge for prenatal genetic counseling. Methods: We report prenatal 12 sSMC cases detected in a single center during 10 years period, their molecular characterization by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray (CMA). Those cases were found among 9620 prenatal diagnostic analyzes by GTG-banding technique. In selected cases, additional UPD testing was also done. Results: Incidence of sSMCs in our study was 0.12%. sSMC characterization was done by FISH in 9 cases, in the remainder of three CMA was employed. The most common sSMC shape was centric minute, followed by inverted duplication and one case with ring conformation. sSMCs originating from acrocentric chromosomes (chromosomes 14, 21 and 22), sex chromosomes (X, Y) and non-acrocentric autosomal chromosomes (chromosome 4 and 18) were confirmed in 3 cases each; no result could be obtained in 3 further cases. Discussion: No anomalies were detected by prenatal ultrasound in any of the cases. In 58% of the cases, outcome was reported as normal at birth, while anomalies at birth were described in one case. Only two patients opted for pregnancy termination. Preterm labor occurred in case of twin pregnancy resulting in stillbirth and early neonatal death of twins. Overall, our study highlights the importance of a sSMC characterization by molecular cytogenomic methods in order to make appropriate genotype-phenotype correlations and ensure adequate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Joksic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mina Toljic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Milacic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stankovic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Karadzov Orlic
- High-Risk Pregnancy Department, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- High-Risk Pregnancy Department, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rodríguez L. Be careful with small supernumerary marker chromosomes! Front Genet 2023; 14:1269679. [PMID: 37881803 PMCID: PMC10597718 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1269679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez
- Genetic Laboratory AbaCid, HM Hospitales, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
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Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Musilova P, Vozdova M, Vodicka R, Rubes J. Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Identified in Asian Elephant ( Elephas maximus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040701. [PMID: 36830488 PMCID: PMC9952010 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a small, supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two phenotypically normal Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): a female (2n = 57,XX,+mar) and her male offspring (2n = 57,XY,+mar). sSMCs are defined as structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be identified by conventional banding analysis since they are usually small and often lack distinct banding patterns. Although current molecular techniques can reveal their origin, the mechanism of their formation is not yet fully understood. We determined the origin of the marker using a suite of conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches that included (a) G- and C-banding, (b) AgNOR staining, (c) preparation of a DNA clone using laser microdissection of the marker chromosome, (d) FISH with commercially available human painting and telomeric probes, and (e) FISH with centromeric DNA derived from the centromeric regions of a marker-free Asian elephant. Moreover, we present new information on the location and number of NORs in Asian and savanna elephants. We show that the metacentric marker was composed of heterochromatin with NORs at the terminal ends, originating most likely from the heterochromatic region of chromosome 27. In this context, we discuss the possible mechanism of marker formation. We also discuss the similarities between sSMCs and B chromosomes and whether the marker chromosome presented here could evolve into a B chromosome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Cernohorska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-533331425
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
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Manju HC, Bevinakoppamath S, Bhat D, Prashant A, Kadandale JS, Sairam PVVG. Supernumerary derivative 22 chromosome resulting from novel constitutional non-Robertsonian translocation: t(20;22)-Case Report. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 35346304 PMCID: PMC8962060 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal non-Robertsonian translocation-t(20;22)(q13;q11.2) between chromosomes 20 and 22resulting in an additional complex small supernumerary marker chromosome as derivative (22)inherited to the proband is not been reported yet.
Case presentation A 4 years old boy with a history of developmental delay, low set ears, and facial dysmorphism was presented to the genetic clinic. Periauricular pit, downward slanting eyes, medially flared eyebrows, downturned mouth corners, and micrognathia were observed. He had congenital heart defect with atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies with the gross cranium. Karyotype analysis, Fluorescent in-situ hybridization analysis (FISH), and Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were used to determine the chromosomal origin and segmental composition of the derivative 22 chromosome. Karyotype and FISH analyses were performed to confirm the presence of a supernumerary chromosome, and Microarray analysis was performed to rule out copy number variations in the proband's 22q11.2q12 band point. The probands' karyotype revealed the inherited der(22)t(20;22)(q13;q11.2)dmat. Parental karyotype confirmed the mother as the carrier, with balanced non-Robertsonian translocation-46,XX,t(20;22)(q13;q11.2). Conclusion The mother had a non-Robertsonian translocation t(20;22)(q13;q11.2) between chromosomes 20 and 22, which resulted in Emanuel syndrome in the proband. The most plausible explanation is 3:1 meiotic malsegregation, which results in the child inheriting derivative chromosome. The parental karyotype study aided in identifying the carrier of the supernumerary der(22), allowing future pregnancies with abnormal offspring to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Manju
- Department of Medical Genetics, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Supriya Bevinakoppamath
- Department of Medical Genetics, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Deepa Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.,Center for Medical Genetics & Counseling, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India.,Special Interest Group - Human Genomics & Rare Disorders, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Center for Medical Genetics & Counseling, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India.,Special Interest Group - Human Genomics & Rare Disorders, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.,Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - P V V Gowri Sairam
- Department of Medical Genetics, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India. .,Center for Medical Genetics & Counseling, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India. .,Special Interest Group - Human Genomics & Rare Disorders, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
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Li C, Luo W, Xiao T, Yang X, Ou M, Zhang L, Huang X, Zhu X. Case Report: Genetic Analysis of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome in a Unique Case of Mosaic Turner Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:799284. [PMID: 35252057 PMCID: PMC8894671 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.799284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the source and morphology of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) from karyotype analysis of a patient with a unique case of mosaic Turner syndrome. The study findings will provide technical reference and genetic counseling for similar cases. CASE PRESENTATION A female patient with 46,X,+mar karyotype was diagnosed by genetic karyotype analysis. Genetic methods including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) based on low-depth whole-genome sequencing were used to explore the source and morphology of sSMC. FISH technology showed that 56.5% of the cells were X and 43.5% of the cells were XY. CNV-seq detection found that the sSMC was chrY, implying that the patient's karyotype was mos 45,X[58.6%]/46,XY[41.4%]. Retrospective karyotype analysis indicated that the female patient's sSMC was inherited from her father's small chrY. Customized FISH probe of Yq12 microdeletion was positive, indicating that the sSMC was a del(Y)(q12). Based on the results of genetic diagnosis, the specialist doctor gave a comprehensive genetic consultation and ordered regular follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study showed that the chromosome description of the unique Turner case was mos 45,X[56.5%]/46,X,del(Y)(q12)[43.5%]. FISH technology played a key role in diagnosis of mosaicism. The terminal deletion of mosaic chrY provided a scientific and an accurate explanation for masculinity failure and abnormal sexual development of the current case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weiyao Luo
- Department of Pediatric, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingkun Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Miaoling Ou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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Marchina E, Forti M, Tonelli M, Maccarini S, Malvestiti F, Piantoni C, Filippini E, Fazzi E, Borsani G. Molecular characterization of a complex small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18p: an addition to the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:6. [PMID: 33472639 PMCID: PMC7818575 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are a heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes, with an incidence of 0,044% in newborns that increases up to almost 7 times in developmentally retarded patients. sSMC from all 24 chromosome have been described, most of them originate from the group of the acrocentric, with around half deriving from the chromosome 15. Non-acrocentric sSMC are less common and, in the 30 percent of the cases, are associated with phenotypic effect. Complex sSMC consist of chromosomal material derived from more than one chromosome. Genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with sSMC are difficult to assess. Clinical features depend on factors such as its size, genetic content, the involvement of imprinted genes which may be influenced by uniparental disomy and the level of mosaicism. Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 18 (18p) is an infrequent finding and does not appear to be associated with a specific syndrome. However, mild intellectual disability with or without other anomalies is reported in almost one-third of the patients. Case presentation Here we present clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of de novo complex sSMC consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18p associated with a centromere of either chromosome 13 or 21, evidenced in a 5-year-old boy during diagnostic workup for moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphisms. To date, only seven cases of isolated trisomy 18p due to a sSMC have been reported, three of which have been characterized by array CGH. In two of them the breakpoints and the size of the duplication have been described. In the manuscript we also reviewed cases reported in the DECIPHER database carrying similar duplication and also considered smaller duplications within the region of interest, in order to evaluate the presence of critical regions implicated in the pathological phenotype. Conclusions Our case provides additional information about phenotypic effects of pure trisomy 18p, confirms chromosomal microarray analysis as gold standard to characterize complex sSMC, and supplies additional elements for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marchina
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Forti
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariella Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccarini
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Piantoni
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Filippini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Our current knowledge of B chromosome biology has been augmented by an increase in the number and diversity of species observed to carry B chromosomes as well as the use of next-generation sequencing for B chromosome genomic analysis. Within the genus Drosophila, B chromosomes have been observed in a handful of species, but recently they were discovered in a single laboratory stock of Drosophila melanogaster. In this paper, we review the B chromosomes that have been identified within the Drosophila genus and pay special attention to those recently found in D. melanogaster. These newly-discovered B chromosomes have centromeres, telomeres, and a number of simple satellite repeats. They also appear to be entirely heterochromatic since next-generation sequencing of isolated B chromosomes did not detect sequences associated with known genic regions. We also summarize what effects the B chromosomes have been found to have on the A chromosomes. Lastly, we highlight some of the outstanding questions regarding B chromosome biology and discuss how studying B chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, which is a versatile model system with a wealth of genetic and genomic tools, may advance our understanding of the B chromosome’s unique biology.
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Sheth F, Liehr T, Shah K, Sheth J. Prader-Willi syndrome - type 1 deletion, a consequence of an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 13 and 15, easily to be mixed up with a Robertsonian translocation. Mol Cytogenet 2015. [PMID: 26203302 PMCID: PMC4510909 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prader-Willi syndrome, due to microdeletion of proximal 15q, is a well-known cause of syndromic obesity. Case characteristics A couple with history of repeated first trimester abortions had a son with balanced Robertsonian translocation of chromosomes 13 and 15 according to cytogenetic banding technique. Results Chromosomal analysis for the couple was performed. A balanced translocation involving BP1-BP3 region of proximal 15q was observed in the father. Discussion Investigations of the parents is mandatory when a structural rearrangement is detected in a dysmorphic child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015 India
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Krati Shah
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015 India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015 India
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Ma R, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Tang G, Chang J, Guo R, Gui B, Huang Y, Chen C, Liang D, Wu L. Partial trisomy 2q33.3-q37.3 in a patient with an inverted duplicated neocentric marker chromosome. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:10. [PMID: 25774219 PMCID: PMC4359772 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) without centromeric DNA and dozens of cases with trisomy 2q3 have been reported in recent years. However, cases of simultaneous sSMC and partial trisomy of chromosome 2q have been rarely described. RESULTS We report the case of a young girl patient with growth retardation and mild facial features due to a partial trisomy 2q33.3-37.3. The 34.3 Mb-duplication of the 2q33.3 to q37.3 region found in the patient constituted a supernumerary inverted duplicated neocentric marker chromosome. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case of a patient with partial trisomy 2q33.3-37.3 presenting an inverted duplicated neocentric marker chromosome. Based on the case, this study will help further understanding the genotype/phenotype correlations of partial 2q3 duplication and exploring the relationship between neocentric sSMC and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ma
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Ying Peng
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Yan Xia
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Guizhi Tang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Jiazhen Chang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Baoheng Gui
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Yanru Huang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Chen Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
- />Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan P.R China
| | - Desheng Liang
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410078 China
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Chen X, Li H, Mao Y, Xu X, Lv J, Zhou L, Lin X, Tang S. Subtelomeric multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification as a supplement for rapid prenatal detection of fetal chromosomal aberrations. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:96. [PMID: 25506396 PMCID: PMC4265491 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women with high-risk indications are highly suspected of fetal chromosomal aberrations. To determine whether Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) using subtelomeric probe mixes (P036-E2 and P070-B2) is a reliable method for rapid detection of fetal chromosomal aberrations. The subtelomeric MLPA probe mixes were used to evaluate 50 blood samples from healthy individuals. 168 amniocytes and 182 umbilical cord blood samples from high-risk fetuses were analyzed using the same subtelomeric MLPA probe sets. Karyotyping was also performed in all cases of high-risk pregnancies, and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis was used to confirm submicroscopic and ambiguous results from MLPA/karyotyping. Results Subtelomeric MLPA analysis of normal samples showed normal result in all cases by use of P036-E2 probe mix, while P070-B2 probe mix gave normal results for all but one case. In one normal control case P070-B2 produced a duplicated signal of probe for 13q34. In the high-risk group, totally 44 chromosomal abnormalities were found by karyotyping and MLPA, including 23 aneuploidies and 21 rearrangements or mosaics. MLPA detected all 23 aneuploidies, 12 rearrangements and 1 mosaic. Importantly, MLPA revealed 4 chromosomal translocations, 2 small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), and 3 subtelomeric imbalances that were not well characterized or not detectable by karyotyping. However, MLPA showed negetive results for the remaining 8 rearrangements or mosaics, including 3 low mosaic aneuploidies, 1 inherited sSMC, and 4 paracentric inversions. Conclusions Results suggest that combined use of subtelomeric MLPA and karyotyping may be an alternative method for using karyotype analyses alone in rapid detection of aneuploidies, rearrangements, and sSMCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-014-0096-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Yijian Mao
- Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Jiaojiao Lv
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Zhejiang, China ; Department of Genetics, Dingli Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000 China
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Haltrich I, Pikó H, Kiss E, Tóth Z, Karcagi V, Fekete G. A de novo atypical ring sSMC(22) characterized by array CGH in a boy with cat-eye syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:37. [PMID: 24959203 PMCID: PMC4067088 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microduplications 22q11 have been characterized as a genomic duplication syndrome mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between region-specific low-copy repeats. Here we report on a 19 years old boy with intellectual disability having an unexpected structurally complex ring small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) originated from a larger trisomy and a smaller tetrasomy of proximal 22q11 harboring additional copies of cat eye syndrome critical regions genes. RESULTS PRINCIPAL CLINICAL FEATURES WERE: anorectal and urogenital malformations, total anomalous pulmonary venous return with secundum ASD, hearing defect, preauricular pits, seizure and eczema. The proband also presented some rare or so far not reported clinical findings such as hyperinsulinaemia, severe immunodeficiency and grave cognitive deficits. Chromosome analysis revealed a mosaic karyotype with the presence of a small ring-like marker in 60% of cells. Array CGH detected approximately an 1,2 Mb single and a 0,2 Mb double copy gain of the proximal long arm of chromosome 22. The 1,3 Mb intervening region of chromosome 22 from centromere to the breakpoints showed no copy alteration. The karyotype of the patient was defined as 47,XY,+mar[60]/46,XY[40].ish idic r(22)(q11.1.q11.21) × 4.arr 22q11(17,435, 645-18,656,678) × 3,(17,598,642-17,799,783) × 4 dn. CONCLUSIONS The present report is the first one with a detailed description of clinical presentation in a patient carrying an atypical size ring sSMC (22) analyzed by array CGH. The specialty of the finding is emphasized by the fact that although the patient had a mosaic sSMC and the amplified region was smaller than in typical cat eye syndrome cases, the clinical presentation was severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irén Haltrich
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Henriett Pikó
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Tóth
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Veronika Karcagi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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12
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Baquero-Montoya C, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Hernández-Marcos M, Bueno-Lozano G, Bueno-Martínez I, Remeseiro S, Fernández-Hernández R, Bassecourt-Serra M, Rodríguez de Alba M, Queralt E, Losada A, Puisac B, Ramos FJ, Pié J. Could a patient with SMC1A duplication be classified as a human cohesinopathy? Clin Genet 2014; 85:446-51. [PMID: 23683030 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits and accessory proteins of cohesin complex are collectively termed as cohesinopathies. The best known cohesinopathy is Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), which is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, limb malformations, growth and cognitive impairment. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), are responsible for ∼ 70% of CdLS cases. We describe a 16-year-old boy with facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, intellectual disability, hirsutism and small hands, who has a small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) present in mosaic form. sSMC is composed of two duplicated segments encompassing 17 genes including SMC1A gene, at the regions Xp11.22 and Xp11.21q11.1. Clinical comparison between our patient with a previously reported individual with a SMC1A duplication and four male carriers of similar sSMC reported in databases, suggest that they all share clinical features related to cohesinopathies. Although our patient does not have the classical CdLS craniofacial phenotype, he has pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual disability and mild musculoskeletal anomalies, features commonly seen in patients with cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baquero-Montoya
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology-Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Huang JP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Su JW, Chang SP, Chen YT, Lee CC, Chen LF, Pan CW, Wang W. Mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 at amniocentesis: prenatal diagnosis, molecular genetic analysis and literature review. Gene 2013; 529:169-75. [PMID: 23933412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analysis of mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 [sSMC(1)]. We review the literature of sSMC(1) at amniocentesis and chromosome 1p21.1-p12 duplication syndrome. We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation of the involved genes of ALX3, RBM15, NTNG1, SLC25A24, GPSM2, TBX15 and NOTCH2 in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Plaja A, Lloveras E, Martinez-Bouzas C, Barreña B, Del Campo M, Fernández A, Herrero M, Barranco L, Palau N, López-Aríztegui MA, Català V, Tejada MI. Trisomy 18p caused by a supernumerary marker with a chromosome 13/21 centromere: a possible recurrent chromosome aberration. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2363-8. [PMID: 23894094 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of two new patients with a complex supernumerary marker consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18 with a chromosome 13/21 centromere. One patient is a girl with a nonsyndromic intellectual disability and the second is a prenatally diagnosed fetus. To our knowledge, these are the fourth and fifth such cases to be described in the literature, suggesting the existence of a possible recurring constitutional structural chromosome abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Plaja
- Citogenética, General Lab-Laboratoris d'Anàlisis, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chen YY, Su JW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome. Gene 2013; 527:384-8. [PMID: 23747353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome (CES) using cultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with fetal microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, left renal hypoplasia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return with dominant right heart and right ear deformity. The sSMC was bisatellited and dicentric, and was characterized by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The SALSA MLPA P250-B1 DiGeorge Probemix showed duplication of gene dosage in the CES region. aCGH showed a 1.26-Mb duplication at 22q11.1-q11.21 encompassing CECR1-CECR7. The sSMC was likely inv dup(22) (q11.21). Prenatal diagnosis of an sSMC(22) at amniocentesis should alert CES. MLPA, aCGH and fetal ultrasound are useful for rapid diagnosis of CES in case of prenatally detected sSMC(22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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