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Payot M, Monseur C, Stievenart M. Variants of Callous-unemotional traits in childhood: investigation of attachment profile and hostile attribution bias. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:566-582. [PMID: 37750612 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2023.2258604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of interest in describing two variants of CallousUnemotional (CU) traits based on high (secondary variant) or low (primary variant) levels of anxiety. However, studies are limited in childhood. The present study aimed to further the understanding of the variants, specifically in association with hostile attribution bias (HAB) and attachment. In a community sample of children aged 4 to 9 (N = 70), the study examined whether anxiety moderated the association of CU traits with HAB, secure and disorganized attachment representations. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that CU traits were positively associated with disorganized attachment, regardless of the anxiety level. In contrast, CU traits were not associated with secure attachment. A significant interaction revealed that CU traits were positively associated with HAB only at high levels of anxiety. Implications for understanding the variants of CU traits and hypotheses regarding their developmental trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Payot
- Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health & Education, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - C Monseur
- Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health & Education, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - M Stievenart
- Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health & Education, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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2
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Craba A, Marano G, Kotzalidis GD, Avallone C, Lisci FM, Crosta ML, Callea A, Monti L, De Berardis D, Lai C, Balocchi M, Sessa I, Harnic D, Sani G, Mazza M. Resilience and Attachment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. J Pers Med 2023; 13:969. [PMID: 37373958 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience represents one of the fundamental elements of attachment and has often been investigated in mood disorders. This study aims to investigate possible correlations between attachment and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS 106 patients (51 MDD, 55 BD) and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR). RESULTS MDD and BD patients did not significantly differ from each other according to the HAM-D-21, HAM-A, YMRS, SHAPS, and TAS, while they scored higher than HCs on all these scales. Patients in the clinical group scored significantly lower on CD-RISC resilience than HCs (p < 0.01). A lower proportion of secure attachment was found among patients with MDD (27.4%) and BD (18.2%) compared to HCs (90%). In both clinical groups, fearful attachment prevailed (39.2% patients with MDD; 60% BD). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the central role played by early life experiences and attachment in participants with mood disorders. Our study confirms the data from previous research showing a significant positive correlation between the quality of attachment and the development of resilience capacity, and supports the hypothesis that attachment constitutes a fundamental aspect of resilience capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Craba
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Avallone
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Crosta
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Callea
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Governo Clinico, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Balocchi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sessa
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Ndayishimiye JB, Schneider BH, Simbananiye L, Baubet T. The Relationship between Trauma and Attachment in Burundi's School-Aged Children. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040666. [PMID: 37190631 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of children and adolescents to trauma is one of the most important public health challenges. These childhood experiences play a role in children's attachment patterns with their parents and peers. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to trauma and the degree of attachment representations in school-aged children in Burundi. One hundred thirteen vulnerable children aged 7 to 12 years were recruited and referred by their teachers. We used an event list including the post-traumatic reaction index to measure their exposure to traumatic events and the People in My Life instrument to measure attachment representations. The results revealed that the children had experienced or witnessed at least one traumatic event. The results indicated that secure attachment representations were highest among children with their parents and lowest among children with their peers. The relationship between trauma experiences and children's attachment representations was significant with their parents and with their peers. Children's attachment representations with their parents and peers predicted their traumatic experiences. Future research should focus on how attachment relationships can facilitate counselors and clinicians in providing preventive psycho-education to adults and children to develop healthier functioning, through better knowledge of the complex interplay between traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry H Schneider
- Boston College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9B2, Canada
| | - Léandre Simbananiye
- Centre de Recherche et D'intervention Pour le Développement Individuel et Communautaire (CRIDIS), Université du Burundi, Bujumbura 1550, Burundi
| | - Thierry Baubet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité Transversale de Psychogénèse et Psychopathologie (UTRPP-EA 4403), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience (CN2R), F-59000 Lille, France
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Wu CC. The Effects of Chinese Parenting Belief on Preschoolers' Temperament and Secure Attachment. Children (Basel) 2022; 10:children10010009. [PMID: 36670558 PMCID: PMC9856459 DOI: 10.3390/children10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past, there were a few studies investigating the effects of parenting belief on preschoolers' temperament and secure attachment. There were some inconsistencies; some effects were also unclear. A total of 2164 parents of three-year-old preschoolers were selected for a panel study named National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. At first, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine construct validity of Chinese parenting belief, preschoolers' temperament, and secure attachment. Consecutively, the effects of Chinese parenting belief on preschoolers' temperament and secure attachment were investigated through structural equation modeling. Results showed: (1) construct validity of Chinese parenting belief (composed of Guan, Jiao, achievement, and Chi beliefs), preschoolers' temperament (composed of extraversion, effortful control, and negative affection temperament) and secure attachment were good. (2) The Guan belief showed no effects on all temperaments and secure attachment. (3) Only Jiao belief contributed to the development of extraversion, effortful control, negative affection, and secure attachment. (4) The Achievement belief had a detrimental effect on the development of secure attachment, but it had no effects on others. (5) The Chi belief can increase the development of negative affection temperament, but it had no effects on the rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Chin Wu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan
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5
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Shalev D, Jacobsen JC, Rosenberg LB, Brenner KO, Seaton M, Jackson VA, Greer JA. (Don't) Leave Me Alone: Attachment in Palliative Care. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:9-14. [PMID: 34978911 PMCID: PMC10331149 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the fifth article in the psychological elements of palliative care series. This series focuses on how key concepts from psychotherapy can be used in the context of palliative care to improve communication and fine tune palliative care interventions. In this article, we discuss attachment-the system by which people form bonds in relationships. The different styles that people have in navigating relationships such as clinician-patient relationships develop from early life onward. Attachment styles are not pathological. But they are helpful to understand because they are a relatively stable factor that impacts how people relate to caregivers like clinicians. Our patients all express unique relational needs to us; some of our patients need closeness and reassurance to feel comfortable, others value independence and space. These needs are highly significant to palliative care clinicians; they inflect our patients' goals of care and values, they modulate our patients' psychosocial needs, and they elucidate the ways our patients respond to a range of therapeutic interventions. Understanding attachment gives us a window into these individual care needs and empowers us to tailor the care we provide for a wide range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shalev
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juliet C. Jacobsen
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leah B. Rosenberg
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keri O. Brenner
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Vicki A. Jackson
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A. Greer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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D'Rozario AB, Pilkington PD. Parental Separation and Divorce and Adulthood Attachment: The Mediating Role of the Abandonment Schema. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:664-675. [PMID: 34396641 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the Abandonment schema mediates the relationship between a history of parental separation or divorce and attachment styles in adulthood. Participants (N = 426; Mage = 30.78 years) completed online measures, using Qualtrics. Results demonstrated that a history of parental separation or divorce was positively associated with anxious and avoidant attachment styles in adulthood. Mediation analyses revealed that the Abandonment schema mediated these relationships (p <.001). This suggests that adults with a history of parental divorce or separation are more likely to report anxious and avoidant attachment styles, and this is partially accounted for by an expectation that they will be abandoned by others. These findings have implications for case formulation and can be used to inform treatment. Schema therapy focused on healing the Abandonment schema could promote attachment security in individuals with a history of parental separation or divorce. For example, limited reparenting (i.e., the therapist seeking to meet the client's unmet emotional needs, within the professional boundaries of the relationship), could be tailored to address the individual's underlying unmet need for security and stability. Further research is needed to advance our understanding of the implications of these findings for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelyse B D'Rozario
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela D Pilkington
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Ensink K, Fonagy P, Normandin L, Rozenberg A, Marquez C, Godbout N, Borelli JL. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Sexually Abused Children: Secure Attachment as a Protective Factor. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646680. [PMID: 34385945 PMCID: PMC8353276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that attachment and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) interacted such that school aged CSA survivors with insecure attachment to parents would be at an elevated risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma symptoms. Participants (n = 111, ages 7-12) comprised two groups, child CSA survivors (n = 43) and a matched comparison group of children (n = 68) recruited from the community. Children completed the Child Attachment Interview (CAI) as well as the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). There was a significant interaction between sexual abuse history and attachment security, such that sexually abused children with insecure attachment representations had significantly more PTSD and trauma symptoms than sexually abused children with secure attachment to parents. The findings show that using a dual lens of attachment and CSA can facilitate the identification of children most at risk and has important implications for understanding risk and resilience processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Fonagy
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Normandin
- Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Abby Rozenberg
- Department of Psychological Science, Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christina Marquez
- Department of Psychological Science, Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Jessica L. Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Abuhammad S, AlAzzam M, AbuFarha R. Infant temperament as a predictor of maternal attachment: A Jordanian study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:636-645. [PMID: 33570267 PMCID: PMC7877151 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between maternal bonding and infant temperament during the first year of infant's life. Moreover, it also wanted to explore which perinatal factors could influence the quality of maternal attachment. METHOD A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from a sample of 277 mothers during the period of May-October 2018. The participants were asked to complete a three-part survey that was developed to collect data on maternal attachment and infant temperament. Data was collected between March 2019-June 2019. RESULTS The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant relationship between infant temperament and maternal attachment [F(2, 95) = 6.783, p-value = .001]. It also revealed that the factors that most influenced maternal attachment were infant temperament and planned pregnancy, which together explained 54% of the variance in maternal attachment (R2 = 7.5). CONCLUSION Maternal attachment in Jordanian mothers can be explained by two significant factors: infant temperament and planning for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Faculty of NursingJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Manar AlAzzam
- Princess Salma Faculty of NursingAl‐Albayt UniversityMafraqJordan
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Levine SL, Milyavskaya M, Powers TA, Holding AC, Koestner R. Autonomous motivation and support flourishes for individuals higher in collaborative personality factors: Agreeableness, assisted autonomy striving, and secure attachment. J Pers 2021; 89:899-914. [PMID: 33561888 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals who strive autonomously for their goals, and who perceive autonomy supportive environments are more successful during goal pursuit. What dispositional factors predict autonomy flourishing during goal pursuit? METHODS Four longitudinal studies were conducted over an 8-month academic year, and university students (Ntotal = 1,544) completed surveys on motivation, support, and personality. Structural equation models were created using Mplus software to test whether collaborative personality factors were related to growth in autonomous motivation and autonomy support. RESULTS All three distinct collaborative personality factors, trait Agreeableness, assisted autonomy striving, and secure parental attachment, were related to increases in autonomous motivation over the academic year. Conscientiousness, assisted autonomy, and secure attachment were related to increases in perceived autonomy support. A higher order latent collaborative traits factor, composed of Agreeableness, assisted autonomy, and secure attachment was found to be related to increased autonomous motivation and support over the academic year and resulted in increased goal progress. CONCLUSION These results suggest that individuals higher in collaborative personality factors experience growth in personal autonomy during goal pursuit. Future research is needed to determine how to promote collaboration in goal pursuit to further help individuals successfully strive for their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Levine
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Milyavskaya
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - T A Powers
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - A C Holding
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Koestner
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Suskind DL, Leung CYY, Webber RJ, Hundertmark AC, Leffel KR, Fuenmayor Rivas IE, Grobman WA. Educating Parents About Infant Language Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:945-953. [PMID: 29073768 DOI: 10.1177/0009922817737079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A total of 427 women (aged 18-45 years) who delivered a singleton neonate without serious medical complications were randomized to watch either an educational intervention (n = 225) or the sudden infant death syndrome (n = 202) video. Linear mixed models showed that the intervention women significantly gained knowledge over time. Knowledge gain was largest among high-socioeconomic status (high-SES) and middle-SES English-speaking, smaller among low-SES Spanish-speaking, and nonsignificant among low-SES English-speaking women. Analysis of deviance revealed that the intervention women of all SES learned strategies fostering secure attachment and language acquisition. Participants considered watching an educational video alongside the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) conveniently timed. The intervention women were more likely than the control women to recognize the importance of timely UNHS follow-up.
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